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 ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee62.1
CognizantTC: TC 4.3, VentilationRequirementsand Infiltration
S P L S L i a i s o n :D o n a l dL . B r a n d t
DennisA. Stanke,Chair RichardA. Danks C h r i s t o p h eOr . M u l l e r
Roger L. Hedrick,Vice-Chair FrancisJ. Fisher,Jr. J o h nE . O s b o r n
DavidS. Butler,Sr., Chair (2003-2005) F r a n c i sM i c h a eG
l allo R . D e a nR a s m u s s e n
Leon E. Alevantis J o h nR . G i r m a n WalterL. Raynaud
M i c h a eG l . Aote ScottDouglasHanson LisaJ. Rogers
M i c h a eB l eaton D o n a l dC . H e r r m a n n LawrenceJ. Schoen
L y n nG . B e l l e n g e r ThomasP. Houston Sitaraman C h a n d r aS e k h a r
DavidC. Bixby E l i P .H o w a r d l,l l H a r r i sM . S h e i n m a n
H o y R . B o h a n o nJ, r . RogerL. Howard D e n n i sM . S i a n o
Mark P.Buttner DonMacMillan AnthonyJ. Spata
W a l l e rS . C l e m e n t s C h r i sR . M a g e e J a nS u n d e l l
J a m e sL . C o g g i n s Carl A. Marbery W a y n eR . T h o m a n n
DavidR. Conover J o h nK . M c F a r l a n d DilipY Vyavaharkar
L e o n a r dA . D a m i a n o MichaelW. Woodford
"Denotesmembers of voting sfafus when the document was approved for publication

ASHRAESTANDARDSCOMMITTEE2006.2007
DavidE. Knebel,Chair JamesD. Lutz
StephenD. Kennedy,Vice-Chair CarolE. Marriott
M i c h a eFl .B e d a MerleF. McBride
D o n a l dL . B r a n d t Mark P Modera
StevenT. Bushby Ross D. Montgomery
PaulW. Cabot H . M i c h a eN
l ewman
Hugh F. Crowther SteohenV. Santoro
S a m u e lD . C u m m i n g sJ, r . LawrenceJ. Schoen
RobertG. Doerr SteohenV. Skalko
RogerL. Hedrick Bodh R. Subheruual
J o h nF .H o g a n JerryW. White,Jr.
E l i P H o w a r d l,l l JamesE. Woods
F r a n kE . J a k o b R r c h a r dD . H e r m a n sB, ODExO
Jay A. Kohler H u g hD . M c M i l l a nl l,l , C O
ClaireB. Ramspeck,Assls/ant Directorof Technologyfor Standardsand SpecialProiects

SPECIAL NOTE

T h i s A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d ( A N S ) i s a n a t i o n a lv o l u n t a r yc o n s e n s u ss t a n d a r d d e v e l o p e du n d e r t h e a u s p i c e s o f t h e A m e r i c a n
S o c i e t y o f H e a t i n g , R e f r i g e r a t i n ga n d A i r - C o n d i t i o n i n gE n g i n e e r s( A S H R A E ) . C o n s e n s u si s d e f i n e d b y t h e A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d s
I n s t i t u t e( A N S I ) ,o f w h i c h A S H R A E i s a m e m b e r a n d w h i c h h a s a p p r o v e dt h i s s t a n d a r da s a n A N S , a s " s u b s t a n t i aal g r e e m e n tr e a c h e db y
, u t n o t n e c e s s a r i l yu n a n i m i t y .
. h i s s i g n i fi e s t h e c o n c u r r e n c eo f m o r e t h a n a s i m p l em a j o r i t y b
d i r e c t l ya n d m a t e r i a l l ya f f e c t e di n t e r e s tc a t e g o r i e s T
C o n s e n s u s r e q u i r e st h a t a l l v i e w s a n d o b j e c t i o n sb e c o n s i d e r e d ,a n d t h a t a n e f l o r t b e m a d e t o w a r d t h e i r r e s o l u l i o n . C " o m p l i a n c ew i t h t h i s
s t a n d a r di s v o l u n t a r yu n t i l a n d u n l e s sa l e g a l j u r i s d i c t i om n a k e s c o m p l i a n c em a n d a t o r yt h r o u g hl e g i s l a t i o n .
A S H R A E o b t a i n sc o n s e n s u st h r o u g h p a r t i c i p a t i o no f i t s n a t i o n a la n d i n t e r n a t i o n am l e m b e r s ,a s s o c i a t e ds o c i e t i e s ,a n d p u b l i c r e v i e w .
A S H R A E S t a n d a r d sa r e p r e p a r e d b y a P r o j e c tC o m m i t t e ea p p o i n t e ds p e c i f i c a l l yf o r t h e p u r p o s e o f w r i t i n g t h e S t a n d a r d .T h e P r o j e c t
C o m m i t t e eC h a i ra n d V i c e - C h a i m r u s t b e m e m b e r so f A S H R A E ;w h i l e o t h e rc o m m i t t e em e m b e r sm a y o r m a y n o t b e A S H R A E m e m b e r s ,a l l
m u s t b e t e c h n i c a l l yq u a l i f i e di n t h e s u b j e c t a r e a o f t h e S t a n d a r d . E v e r y e f f o r t i s m a d e t o b a l a n c e t h e c o n c e r n e d i n t e r e s t so n a l l P r o j e c t
Committees.
T h e A s s i s t a n tD i r e c t o ro f T e c h n o l o g yf o r S t a n d a r d sa n d S p e c i a l P r o j e c t so f A S H R A E s h o u l d b e c o n t a c t e df o r :
a . i n t e r p r e t a t i o no f t h e c o n t e n t so f t h i s S t a n d a r d ,
b . p a r t i c i p a t i o ni n t h e n e x t r e v i e wo f t h e S t a n d a r d ,
c . o f f e r i n gc o n s t r u c t i v ec r i t i c i s mf o r i m p r o v i n gt h e S t a n d a r d ,o r
d . o e r m i s s i o nt o r e o r i n to o r t i o n so f t h e S t a n d a r d .

DISCLAIMER
ASHRAEusesitsbesteffortsto promulgate Standards andGuidelinesforthebenefit of thepublicin lightof availableinformation
andaccepted
industrypractices. However, ASHRAEdoes not guarantee, certify,or assurethe safetyor performance of any products.
components, or
systemstested,installed, or operated in accordance withASHRAE's Standards or Guidelines or thatanytestsconducted underitsStandards
o r G u i d e l i n ewsi l lb e n o n h a z a r d o ou rsf r e el r o mr i s k .

ASHRAEINDUSTRIAL POLICYON STANDARDS

ADVERTISING
A S H R A E S t a n d a r d sa n d G u i d e l i n e sa r e e s t a b l i s h e dt o a s s i s t i n d u s t r ya n d t h e p u b l i c b y o f f e r i n ga u n i f o r m m e t h o d o f t e s t i n gf o r r a t i n g
p u r p o s e s ,b y s u g g e s t i n gs a f e p r a c t i c e si n d e s i g n i n ga n d i n s t a l l i n ge q u i p m e n t ,b y p r o v i d i n gp r o p e rd e f i n i t i o n so f t h i s e q u i p m e n t ,a n d b y p r o v i d i n g
o t h e r i n f o r m a t i o nt h a t m a y s e r v e t o g u i d e t h e i n d u s t r y T
. h e c r e a t i o no f A S H R A E S t a n d a r d sa n d G u i d e l i n e si s d e t e r m i n e db y t h e n e e d f o r t h e m ,
a n d c o n f o r m a n c et o t h e m i s c o m p l e t e l yv o l u n t a r y .
In referring t o t h i s S t a n d a r do r G u i d e l i n ea n d i n m a r k i n go f e q u i p m e n a t n d i n a d v e r t i s i n gn, o c l a i ms h a l lb e m a d e ,e i t h e rs t a t e do r i m p l i e d ,
t h a t t h e p r o d u c t h a s b e e n a p p r o v e db y A S H R A E .
 CONTENTS

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard62.1-2007,
Ventilationfor AcceptableIndoor Air Quality
SECTION
Foreword
1 Puroose.....
2 S c ope
3 Definitions......
4 O u t d o oAr i rQ u a l i t y . . . .

6 Procedures.... 11

and SystemStart-Up
7 Construction 17
.
8 O o e r a t i o n sa n d M a i n t e n a n c e 18

x : M u l t i p l e - Z oS
N o r m a t i vAep p e n d iA n ey s t e m s '.......'20
lnformatiA B
v ep p e n d i x : S u m m a r o
y f S y u i d e l i n e. .s. . .
e l e c t eAdi rQ u a l i t G .........23
x : R a t i o n a lfeo r M i n i m u m
I n f o r m a t i vAep p e n d iC P h y s i o l o g i cRael q u i r e m e n t s
f o r R e s p i r a t i oAni r B a s e do n C O 2C o n c e n t r a t i o n ..,......31
x : A c c e p t a b lM
I n f o r m a t i vAep p e n d iD e a s sB a l a n c eE q u a t i o n s f oUrs ew i t ht h e I A QP r o c e d u r e . ......33
N o r m a t i vAep p e n d iE x : V e n t i l a t i oRna t e sf o rH e a l t hC a r eF a c i l i t i e s ...34
x : S e p a r a t i oonf E x h a u sOt u t l e t a
I n f o r m a t i vAep p e n d iF s n dO u t d o oAr i r I n t a k e s ......35
x : A p p l i c a t i oann dC o m p l i a n c e .
I n f o r m a t i vAep p e n d iG .....'.36
I n f o r m a t iA x :Documentation.....
v ep p e n d iH .......38
a e s c r i p t i oI nnf o r m a t i o n . . . . . .
l n f o r m a t i vAep p e n d ilx: A d d e n d D ....41

NOTE
Whenaddenda,interpretations,or erratato this standardhavebeenapproved,they can be downloaded
free of chargefrom the ASHRAEWeb site at http://www.ashrae.org.

@ C o p y ri g h t 2 007 A meri can S oci ety of H eati ng,

R e fri g e ra ti n ga nd A i r-C ondi ti oni ng E ngi neers, l nc.
'1791
T u l l i eC i r c l eN E
A tl anta,GA 30329
www.ashrae.org
All rights reserved.
(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merely
informative and does not contain requirements necessary
for conformance to the standard. It has not been
processed according to the ANSI requirements for a
standard and ma;- contain material that has not been
subject to public review or a consensus process.
Unresoh'ed objectors on informative material are not
offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)
FOREWORD
AI,ISIi,ISHME Srundard62.1-2007is the leilestedition o/'
Stanrlard 62. The 2007 edition combines Stctndard62.1-2004
und the eight ctpproved uncl publishetl addenda to the 2004
edition, therebv prut,itling an ectsv-to4tseconsolidutetl stan-
rlartl. Specific in/orntution on the c:ontent o/'each addendunt
und t4tprottol dates /br each addendunt are inc'luded in infor-
rrtcttiveAptrtendi.rI al lhe encl o/ this stundard.
Fir.stpublished in 1973, Stantlctrd62.1 is nov,upclatedon
u regulut'basis usingASIIRAE's continuousmaintenun(:epro-
r.etlure.s.Accortling to theseprutcedures,Standarcl 62.1 is con-
tinurtrtsl.t' ret,ised b.r, addendu thut are publiclv reviev'ed,
ct2tpt'ov,etlbt, ASIIR4E and A!{SI, antl published in a supple-
rnent approximotelv I B months a.fter each nev, etlition of' the
standurtl, or in a nerr',contplete edition oJ'the stantlttrd, pub-
lished ever-r'lhree \,ears.
Stanclard 62.1 has undergonesome kev change.sover the
.r:eurs,reflecting the ever-erpanding boclv oJ'knctv'ledge,expe-
rient'e. ctnd reseurc'h relutetl lo ventilution und uir qtnlit.t'.
While the purpose o.l the standurtl has rentctineelt'onsistenl--lct
specifi: ntinintum venlilation rales antl ttther measures
intenrlecl to prot,itle indoor uir qualitt; that is uc'r:eptublelo
humon oct'upurtlsand thut minimize.sadversehealth e//ecl.t--
the means o.f'uchiet'ingthis goul have evolvetl.In its./irst edi-
tion the .stundarcladopled a prescriplitte upproach to ventila-
tion by speci/t'ing hoth ninimunt antl recomntended outdottr
aiilotr rotes to obtuin acceptuble intloor air quali4v ./br a
t,ariet.t' o.f indoor .\pu('es. In its l98l etlition, the slctndard
retluc'edminirrturtt outdoor airflov' rates antl inlroducecl ctn
alternative peflbrnrunce-based approach, the Indoctr Air
Qualin' {lAQ1 Pt'ocedure, vrhic'hullov'etl./br lhe calculution o/'
the anrcwtt ol'outdorsr air necessurr lo ntaintain the levels q/
intloor uir contutninants belov, reconmrcntledlimits. Tbdav lhe
stundurd still retuirts the lv'o prutc'edure.t.fbrventilation de.sigrt,
the IAQ Procedure mttl lhe Ventilalion RctteProc'eclttre.
ln its ]989 edition, and in responselo e grou'ing ntmrber'
o/'buildings v'ith apparent indoor air quali6; problems, the
stanclurtl increu.setl minintum ouldoor uiqflov' rotes signi-/i-
cantb untl introducetl a requirement./br./inding outdoor ait'
i n take .fIov' req ui remen Is ./br muI tip I e-zone, rec i rc uI a lil?g .rl'.r-
tems. The 1999 und )001 edition.s mucle severul nrittot'
changes ancl clari/ic'utions that elid not impact the ninintunt
requiretl outtloor aiflov' rates. In its 2004 etlition---the last
time the stctnclarclv'ctspublishecl in its entireh,-the standurtl
modified the L4Q Procetlure to intpr<tve enfbrcectbilitv, but
more .significunlh, it modi/ied the l,'entilation Rttle Proc'etlure,
changing both the minintunt outdoor ai(low,rates and thepro-
c'etlures./br culculating both zone-level ancl st'slem-level oul-
door ttiflou'rates.
2 : t a n d a r 6d 2 . 1- 2 0 0 7
The 2007 edition o/' the standard updales, ret'ises' antl
intproves it in several v'a.ts, vt'ilhoutt:hunging minimum ottt-
door uirflov: rotes. The stundurd:
. Cluri/ies clehunritli/icationunalvsi.sreqtriremenlsin Sec-
tion 5.10, antl q|/brs erc'eptions to the 6591, RII limit
requirement und to the net-Ttositive intake-uifilow
requiremenl (Addendunt62.I a).
. Correcls occ'ttpunl culegor-f itIL'uttsis'tetIL it'.\ Lunong
Tables5-2,6-1, und 6-1, ctndprot'itles uclditionul inlbr-
mution /br severaI oc'culttutt't: t-ulegrtrie.s (Addendunt
62.1b).
. Llpdates ref'erencesand clarifies the tert in infbrntutit;e
ApqtendixB, particularlv u. related lo subieclive evelttct-
lion of' ctir qualitt, (Adclendum 62. I c').
. Updutes the infbrmation presentetl in Table 4- I , to be
c'on.sistentv'ith the LlS. EPA Ncttionul Antbient ,4ir
Quality, Stantlttrds (NAAQS) ctspublishetl ut the tinte the
uddendunt v'os opprovecl, acLling Ph'l 2.5 ctstt c'rilerict
pollutunt and aclding the eighl-hour sturtdurclfor o:rtne
(Acldendurn62.1t|).
. Inclttdes a nev: infbrmative uppentlir, Appentlir 11,
v'hich sttmnturi:es lhe docutttt'ttltttiott t'<'quircnttnls in
the bodv o.l'the stantlurtl thus provitling a singlt: point of
re.fbrence.fitr Ltsers(Addendum 62. I e).
. l.tpdates the purpose und scrtpe o/ the stctnclurclto muke
them consistent v'ith changes thut httve ulrerul.t' been
i nc'o rp orate d i n to l he botl.t,o./ t he st un tl urd. Spt:c'i/i c'u I l.t',
il; ert:lude.ssingle-familv houses ctnd ntultiple-./inril.t'
structures of' three or .fbv'er storie.s ./i"om the scope,
retnoves spec'it'icntinimum otrtdoor aiilov' rates jttr
areas that contctin smoking or envitrtrtmenlul lctbucc'rt
srnoke (ETS1, uncl erclttdes therntal c'ontforl require-
ments (Acldendurn62. l./).
. Requires proper design ./or buildings that contain both
ETS und ETS-./reeut"eus,b), requiring (brieflv): c'la.;si./i-
cation of' ureas hased on expecled presence o./ ETS,
pressttrizution o./'ETS-fi'eeureas, sepurutirsn o.f ETS und
ETS-./ree ureos, and cautioner.t, signuge ./br ETS-ureus
(Addendum 62. I g).
. Arlcls requirentents .fbr resiclentiul spu('es in builtlings
v'ith more than three stories to Table 6-1, and tleletes
Tubles E-2 and E-3 ./i'om Appendix E, ,,rhit'h provicled
ventilution requirements .fbr residence.sand vehic'le.s
(Addentlurn62.I h).
For ntore spec'i/ic infbrnrulion on the.sec:hangesand on
other revisions mucle to lhe .slanclctrdb), other adclertcla,re.fer
to Infttrmutive Appendix I at the enclo/ this stundartl. Llsersof'
the sluntlard are encortragecl to use the conlinuou.s ntuirtte-
nance procedure to sugges| changes./itr.firrther intpnnenten|s.
A /brm /br .wbmitting changeproposuls is included in the buck
o/' this edition. The pro.jec'lc'onmittee.fur Stundurd 6).I v'ill
tuke.fbrmul ac'tion on ull chungeprcposuls rec'eivetl.
1. PURPOSE
l.l The puryoseof this standardis to specifuminimurn ven-
tilation rates and other measuresintended to provide indoor
A N S I ,A S H R , A [ S
 andthatmin-
to humanoccupants
air qualitythatis acceptable of this standardare basedon
2,6 Ventilationrequirements
imizesadverse healtheffects. chemical.physical,and biologicalcontaminants that can
affectair quality.
1.2 This standardis intendedfor regulatoryapplicationto
or control of thermal comfort is not
2.7 Consideration
nerv buildings.additionsto existingbuildings,and those
to existingbuildingsthatareidentifiedin thebodyof i ncl uded.
changes
the standard. 2.8 Thisstandard in additionto ven-
containsrequirements,
includingoutdoorair,con-
tilation,relatedto certainsources,
1.3 This standardis intendedto be used to guide the structionprocesses, moisture,andbiologicalgrowth.
improvementof indoorair qualityin existingbuildings.
2.9 Acceptable indoorair qualitymay not be achievedin all
buildingsmeetingtherequirements for oneor
of thisstandard
2. SCOPE moreof thefol l ow i ngreasons:
2.1 This standard appliesto all spacesintendedfor human a. becauseof the diversityof sourcesand contanrinants tn
occupancy exceptthosewithin single-familyhouses,multi- indoorair:
family structuresof threestoriesor fewerabovegrade,vehi- b. becauseof the many otherfactorsthat may afl-ectoccu-
cles"andaircraft. pantperception andacceptance of indclorair qualit.v,
such
humidity.noise.lighting.andpsycho-
as air temperature,
2.2 This standarddefinesrequirements for ventilationand
logicalstress;
s ys te md e s i g ni,n s ta l l a ti o n
air - c leaning co, n tn tissi oni ng,
and
c. i n the popula-
becauseof the rangeof suscepti bi l i ty
operation andmaintenance.
ti on:and
2.3 Additronal requirementsfor laboratory,industrial, d. becauseoutdoorair broughtinto the building may be
unacceptableor may not be adequatelycleaned.
healthcare.and otherspacesmay be dictatedby workplace
and otherstandards. as well as by the processes
occurring
il'ithin the space. 3 . D E F r N r T r o N s( s E E F I G U R E3 . 1 )
acceptableindoor air quality.' air in which there are no
2.4 Althoughthe standard may be appliedto both new and knorvn contaminantsat harmful concentrations as deter-
eristing buildings,the provisions of this standardare not nTi nedby cogni zant andw i th w hi cha subst ant ial
authori ti es
to
intended be applied when
retroactively thestandardis used majority(80%or more)of thepeopleexposeddo notexpress
as a mandatory regulationor code. d i ssati sfacti on.

2.5 Thisstandard doesnotprescribe specificventilation

rate sir-cleaning system.'a device or combinationof derices
requirementsfor spacesthat containsmokingor that do not appliedto reducetheconcentrationof airbornecontaminants.
meet the requirementsin the standardfor separationfrom suchas microorganisnts, dusts.fumes,respirableparticles.
spacesthatcontainsntoking. otherparticulatematter,gases.and/orvaporsin air.

lix}aust InfiltIatioil

Air Irnergy Arr Condthonrng

Recovery llnit
Arr Cleaner
Vcntilatron
Locatron v l
System
I

Supply Arr

I-ocal
Outdoor Arr Vcntilatron
aMai:cup Arr) Ventilating Arr

n ltematc Paths for Othcr Air Cleaner

Ocoupred Space
Recrrculated Arr

.'.,....-'>
Ilxfiltralion
+- Gcncral Uxhaust Arr Retum Arr

Figure3.1 Ventilationsystem.

A N S I A S H R A E S t a n d a r d6 2 . 1 - 2 0 0 7
air conditioning: the process of treating air to meet the
requirementsof a conditionedspaceby controlling its temper-
ature.humidity. cleanliness,and distribution.
uir, smbient: the air surrounding a building; the source of
outdoor air brought into a building.
air, exhousl.' air removed from a space and discharged to
outsidethe building bv meansof mechanicalor naturalventi-
lation systems.
air, indoor.'the air in an enclosedoccupiablespace.
air, makeup.' any cornbination of outdoor and transf-erair
intendedto replaceexhaustair and exfiltration.
air, outdoor.' ambient air that entersa building through a venti-
lation system.through intentionalopeningsfor natural venti-
l a t i o n .o r b y r n l l l t r a t i o n .
air, recirculated: air removed from a space and reused as
supply air.
air, return' air removed from a space to be then recirculated
or exhausted.
air, supply.' air delivered by mechanical or natural ventilation
to a space,composedof any combinationof outdoorair, recir-
culatedair. or transferair.
uir, transfer: arc moved from one indoor spaceto another.
air, ventilution: that por-tionof supply air that is outdoor lir
plus any recirculated air that has been treated for the purpose
of maintaining acceptablerndoor air quality.
breathing zone: the region within an occupied spacebetween
planes3 and 72 in.(75 and I 800 mm) abovethe floorand more
than 2 ft (600 rlm) from the walls or fixed air-conditioning
equipment.
cognizant authority: an agency or organization that has the
expertiseandjurisdiction to establishand regulateconcentra-
tion limits for airbornecontaminants;or an agencyor organi-
zation that is recognizedas authoritativeand has the scopeand
expertiseto establishguidelines, Iimit values,or concentra-
for airbornecontantinants.
tions le'v'els
concentration: the quantity of one constituent dispersedin a
defined amount of another.
conditioned space: that paft of a building that is heated or
cooled. or both. for the comfort of occupants.
contaminsnt: an unwanted airborne constituent that n-ray
reduceacceptabilityoFthe air.
energ!, recovert ventilation system: a device or combination
of devicesapplied to provide the outdoor air for ventilationin
rvhich energy is transfemedbetween the intake and exhaust
airstreams.
environmentol tobscco smoke (ETS): the "aged" and diluted
combination of both side-streamsmoke (smoke fiom the lit
end of a crgaretteor other tobaccoproduct)and exhaledntain-
stream smoke (smoke that is exhaled by a smoker). ETS is
comnronly referredto as.secondhoncl smoke.
I ANSI.ASHRAt: Standard62 l-2007
ETS-Jree &res: an arca where no smoking occurs and that is
separatedfrom ETS areasaccording to the requirementsof
this standard.
Note: A no-smokingarea is not necessarilyan ETS-free
area.
ETS area: spaceswhere smoking is permitted,aswellas those
not separated from spaces where smoking is pernitted in
accord with the requirementsof Section 5 in this standard.
exJiltration.' uncontrolled outward air leakage from condi-
tioned spaces through unintentional openings in ceilings.
floors, and walls to unconditioned spaces or the outdoors
causedby pressuredifferencesacrossthese openingsdue to
wind. inside-outsidetemperaturedifferences(stack effect).
and imbalancesbetweensupply and exhaustairflow rates.
industrial spsce: an indoor environment where the prinrary
activity is production or manufacturing processes. The
processesin these spacesmay generatecontantinantsrvith
characteristicsand in quantities dictating that principles of
worker safety and industrial hygiene be usedto define contam-
inant control strategies, including ventilation. Also. the
primary occupantsof these spacesconsist of the individuals
involved in theseprocesses.
inJiltration' uncontrolled inward air leakage to conditioned
spacesthrough unintentionalopeningsin ceilings.floors. and
walls from unconditionedspacesor the outdoorscausedby the
that induce exfiltration.
sarnepressuredifTerences
mechanical ventilation: venttlation provided by mechani-
cally powered equipment, such as motor-driven fans and
blowers,but not by devicessuch as wind-driven turbine venti-
lators and mechanicallyoperatedwindows.
microorganism: a microscopicorganism,especiallya bacte-
rium. fungus. or a protozoan.
naturul ventilation'ventilation provided by themtal. wind. or
diffusion effectsthrough doors,windows, or other intentional
openingsin the building.
net occupiable space: the floor area of an occupiable space
defined by the inside surfacesof its walls but excluding shafts,
column enclosures,and other permanentlyenclosed.inacces-
sible, and unoccupiableareas.Obstructionsin the spacesuch
as furnishings. display or storage racks, and other obstruc-
trons,whether temporaryor permanent,may not be deducted
from the space area.
occupiable space: an enclosed space intended fbr human
activities,excludingthosespacesintendedprimarily fbr other
purposes,such as storagerooms and equipnrentroonrs. that
are only occupiedoccasionallyand for short periodsof trme.
odor: a quality of gases,liquids,or particlesthat stimulatesthe
olfactory organ.
readily sccessible.'capableof being reachedquickly for oper-
ation without requiring those fbr whon-r ready access is
requiredto climb over or removeobstaclesor to resortto porta-
ble ladders,chairs,or other clirnbing aids.
ventilation' the processof supplying air to or removing air 5. SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
from a space fbr the purpose of controlling air contanlinant
levels, humidity, or temperaturewithin the space. 5.1 Natural Ventilation. Use of nafuralventilationsystems
designedin accordancewith this sectionshall be permitted in
volume, spsce: the total volume of an occupiable space
lieu of or in conjunctionwith mechanicalventilationsystems.
enclosedby the building envelope,plus that of any spaces
pemranentlyopen to the occupiablespace,such as a ceiling Exception: An engineerednatural ventilation systent when
attic used as a ceiling return plenum. approved by the authority having lurisdiction need not
m e e tt h e r e q u i r e m e n tosf S e c t i o n s5 . 1 . 1a n d 5 . 1 . 2 .
zone: one occupied space or several occupied spaceswith
sinrilar occupancy category (see Table 6-l), occ'upantdensitv, 5.1.1 Location and Size of Openings. Naturally venti-
:one uir rlistribution e./fbc'tiveness (see Section 6.2.2.2), and
lated spacesshall be permanently open to and wrthrn tl m
z o n eT t r i m u r . cr 't i r f l o v ' ( s e eS e c t i o n6 . 2 . 5 . l ) p e r u n i t a r e a . (25 ft) of operablewall or roof openingsto the outdoors.the
lYote: A ventilation zone is not necessarilyan indepen- openablearea of which is a minimum of 4u/oof the net occu-
dent thern-ralcontrol zonq' however, spacesthat can be piable floor area.Where openingsare coveredwith louversor
combined for load calculationscan often be combined otherwise obstructed,openablearea shall be basedon the free
into a single zone for ventilation calculations. unobstructedarea through the opening. Where interior spaces
without direct openingsto the outdoorsare ventilatedthrough
4. OUTDOORAIR QUALITY adjoining rooms, the opening betweenroonls shall be perma-
nently unobstructedand have a free area of not less than 80%
Outdoor air quality shall be investigatedin accordance
of the area of the interior room nor lessthan 25 ft2 12.3m2;.
with Sections4.1 and 4.2 prior to completion of ventilation
-fhe
systemdesign. resultsof this investigationshall be docu- 5.1.2 Control and Accessibility. The means to open
mented in accordancewith Section4.3. required operable openings shall be readily accessibleto
4.1 Regional Air Quality. The statusof compliance with building occupantswheneverthe spaceis occupied.
national ambient air quality standardsshall be determined for
TABLE4-1 NationalPrimaryAmbientAir
the geographicarea of the building site. In the United States,
QualityStandardsfor OutdoorAir as Set
compliance status shall be either in "attainment" or "non-
by the U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency
attainment"with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS)I for each pollutant shown in Table 4-1. In the Long Term Short Term
United States.areaswith no EPA compliancestatusdesigna-
tion shall be considered"attainment" areas. Contami- Concentration Concentration
nant Averaging Averaging
4.2 Local Air Quality.An obserryational survey of the build-
pg/m3 ppm pg/m3 ppm
ing site and its ir-nmediatesunoundings shall be conducted
during hours the building is expectedto be normally occupied Sulfur
80 0.03 I ycart' 365 o.14 24 hoursa
to identiSr local contantinantsfrom surrounding facilities that dioxidc
may be of concem if allowed to enter the building. Particles
50 I yearb'8 150 24 hours"
(PM l0)
4,3 Documentation. Documentation of the outdoor air
quality investigationshall be reviewed with building owners Particlcs
l5 I ycarb't 65 24 hoursf
or their representativeand shall include the following: (PM 2.5)

Carbon 40.000 35 I hour"

l. Regional air quality compliancestatus. 10,000 9 8 hours"
monoxide
i\ote: Regionaloutdoor air quality compliancestatusfor
Oxidants 0.08 8 hours'
the United Statesis availablefrom the U.S. Environmen- (oz0ne) 0.12 I hourl'
tal ProtectionAgency located under www.epa.gov.
Nitrogen
2. I-ocal survey information. which may include the 1 0 0 0.053 I yearb
dioxidc
follorving:
a. Date of obsewations Lcad 1.5 3 months'J
n\ot
b. Time of observations to bc cxcccdcd morc than oncc pcl ycar.
l'Annual
arithnrctic mcan.
c. Area surveyed tThc
thrcc-ycar alcragc ofthc fburrh-highcst dail v maxrnrunr cight-hour ar crirgc ozollc

d. Description of nearby facilities conccntrations mcasurcd at cach nronitor within an arca ovcr cach vcar nrust not
cxcccd 0.08 ppm
,
e. Obsenation of odors or irritants u-fhrce-month pcriocl is a calcnclarquartcr.
tThrcc-ycar
a v c r a g c o f t h c a n n u a l a r i t h t . t . t c t i cm c a n .
f. Descriptionof visible plumesor air contaminants ''l'hc
thrcc-ycar avcrage ofthc 98th pcrccntiic of2-1-houl c()nccntration\.
g Description of nearby sourcesof vehicle exhaust sThc annual arithmctic rnctrn.
lt(
l ) T h c s t a n c i a r di s a t t a i n c d $ h c n t h c c x p c c t c d n u n r b c r o f d a y s p c r c a ) c n d a r v c i r r * , i t h
h. Directron of prevailing winds
maximum hourly avcragc corrccntrationsabovc 0,12 ppm rs <1. as clctcnlincd br
3. Conclusions regarding the acceptability of outdoor air A p p c n d i x H ( , 1 0C ' F R 5 0 ) . ( 2 ) l ' h c o n c - h o u r \ A A Q S rvill no lonscr applv to an arca
onc ycar aftcr thc cllcctirc datc ofthc dcsrgnation ot'that arca lbr thc cight-hour
quality based on consideration of information from
ozonc NAAQS. Thc cfflctivc dcsignation datc fbr m()st arcas is.lunc 15.200.1
inr,'estigation. ( 4 0 C F R 5 0 . 9 : s c c F c d c r a l R c g i s t c r o l A p r i l 1 0 . 2 0 0 . + l ( r 9 F R 2 3 9 9 6 1)

ANSf,ASHRAEStandard -2001
62.1
5.2 Ventilation Air Distribution. Ventilatingsystemsshall minimum outdoor airflow as required by Section 6 under any
be designedin accordancewith the following. load condition.
5.2.1 Designing lbr Air Balancing. The ventilation air lYote: VAV systemswith fixed outdoor air damper posi-
distributronsystemshall be provided with meansto adiustthe tions must comply with thts requirententat ntinimum supply
systemto achieveat leastthe minimunt ventilation airf'lowas airflow.
requiredby Section6 under any load condition.
5.5 Airstream Surfaces. All airstream surf-acesin ecluip-
5.2.2 Plenum Systems.When the ceiling or floor plenum
ment and ducts in the heating, ventilating, and air-condition-
is used both to recirculate return air and to distribute ventila-
ing system shall be designedand constructedin accordance
tion air to ceiling-mounted or floor-mounted terminal units,
with the following requirentents.
the system shall be engineeredsuch that each space is pro-
5.5.1 Resistance to Mold Growth. Material surl'aces
vided with rts requiredminimum ventilation airflow.
shall be determinedto be resistantto mold growth in accor-
l\ote: Direct connectionof ventilationair ducts to venti- dance with a standardizedtest method. such as the "Mold
I
lattng terminal units is an alternatemethod of satisfying the G r o w t ha n d H u m i d i t yT e s t "i n U L l 8 l . l 0 A S T M C 1 3 3 8 . 1o r
intent of this requirement. comparabletest methods.
5.2.3 Documentation. The design documentsshall spec- Exception: Sheetmetal surfacesand metal fasteners.
ify minirnum requirementsfor air balancetestingor reference f{ote: Even with this resistance.any airstreamsurface
applicable national standardsfor measuring and balancing that is continuouslywetted is still subjectto microbialgrorvth.
airflow. The design documentation shall state assumptions
5.5.2 Resistanceto Erosion. Airstream surfacematerials
that were made in the design with respectto ventilation rates
shall be evaluatedin accordancewith the "Erosion Test" in
and air distribution.
UL I 8 l l0 and shall not break away, crack, peel, flake off. or
5.3 Exhaust Duct Location. Exhaust ducts that convey show evidence of delamination or continued erosion under
potentially han-nfulcontaminants shall be negatively pressur- test conditions.
ized relative to spaces through which they pass, so that Exception: Sheetmetal surfacesand metal f'asteners.
exhaustair caunot leak into occupied spaces;supply, retum.
5.6 Outdoor Air Intakes. Ventilation system outdoor
or outdoor air ducts; or plenums.
intakesshall be designedin accordancewith the following.
Erception: Exhaustducts that are sealedin accordancewith
5.6.1 Location. Outdoor air intakes,including doors and
SMACNA Seal Class A.2
windows that are required as parl of a natural ventilation sys-
5.4 I'entilation System Controls. Mechanical ventilation tem, shall be located such that the shorlest distance from the
systems shall include controls, manual or automatic, that intake to any specific potential outdoor contanlinant source
enable the fan system to operate whenever the spacesserved shall be equal to or greaterthan the separationdistancelisted
are occupied. The system shall be designedto maintain the i n T a b l e5 - l .

TABLE5-1 Air IntakeMinimumSeparationDistance

Object Minimum Distance,ft (m)

Si-enificantlycolttaminated exhaust lNotc- I ) ls(5)

N o r i o u s o r d a n g e r o u se r h a u s t ( N o t c s 2 a n d 3 ) 30(10)
V e n t s .c h i m n e y s .a n d f l u e s l r o m c o m b u s t i o n a p p l i a n c e sa n d e q u i p m c n t ( N o t e 4 ) r 5( 5 )
Garage entry. autorrobile loading area. or drive-in queue (Note 5) l s( s )
Truck loading arca or dock. bus parking/idling area (Note 5) 7 5r 7 5 t

Drir,eway. street, or parking placc (Note 5) 5(1.5)

Thoroughlare w'ith high traffic volume 2 5( 7 . 5 )

Roof-.landscapedgrade. orother surlace directly bclow intakc (Notes 6 and 7) l(0.30)

Garbage storageipick-up area. dumpsters 1 5( 5 )

C c l o l i n gt o $ ' c r i n t a k e o r b a s i n l s( s )
Cooling tower erhaust ?5175r

r
N o t c l : L a b o r a t o r l f u m c h o o d c x h a u s t a i r o u t l c t s s h a l l b c i n c o r n p l i a n c c r v i t h N F P A 4 , 5 -| 9 9 I a n d A N S L ' A I H A 2 9 . - s -19 9 2 . *

t h c . 1 S H R , J t 1 1 . , , 1 , ! l t r n AH l . l ( A 1 t 1 t l i t, t t i o n s . 6

(b)c-haptcI6o|\FPA31-200l8ibioitbunringapplianccsarrclcquiprrrr-nt.or(c)Chaptcr7ofNFPA2l|-]o0.to
Notc 5: Distancc nrcasurcd to closcst placc that vchiclc cxhaust is likcly to bc locatcd.
N0tc6:N0nlininlulrlscparationdistanccapplicstosurfaccsthatarc
N o t c 7 : \ \ ' h c r c s n o * a c c u r n u l a t i o n i s e ' x p c c t e - t ld. i s t a n c e -l i s t c d s h a l l b c i n c r c a s c d b y t h e c x p c c t c d a v c r a g c s n o w d c p t h .

6 2 . 1- 2 0 0 1
A N S I / A S H R A f :S t a n d a r d
Exception: Other minimunr separationdistancesare accept-
able if it can be shown that an equivalentor lesserrate of
introduction of outdoor air contaminants will be
attained.
l{ote: Appendix F presents an acceptable alternative
method of determiningthe minimum separationdistance.
5.6.2 Rain Entrainment. Outdoor air intakesthat are part
of the r-nechanicalventilation system shall be designed to
ntanagerarn entrainmentin accordancewith any one of the
following:
a. Limit water penetrationthrough the intake to 0.07 ozlft2'h
(21.5 gln:, ttl of inlet area *h1n tested using the rain test
apparatusdescribedin Section58 of UL lg95.t2
b. Select louvers that limit water penetrationto a maximum
of 0.0 | ozlft2 (3 gim2.1of louver free areaat the maximun-t
intake velocity. This water penetrationrate shall be deter-
mined for a minimum l5-minute test durationwhen sub-
jected to a water flow rate of 0.25 gal/min ( l6 ml/s) as
described under the Water Penetration Test in AMCA
500-L-9913 or equivalent. Manage the water that pene-
trates the louver by providing a drainage area and/or
moisture removal devices.
c. Select louvers that restrict wind-driven rain penetrationto
less than 2.36 ozlft2.h (72t g/m2 h; when subjectedto a
rainfall of 3 in. (75 mm) per hour and a 29 mph
sin-rulated
(13 m/s) wind velocrty at the design outdoor air intake
rate with the air velocity calculated based on the louver
face area.
Ilote: This performance conesponds to Class A (99%
effectiveness)when rated accordilS to AMCA 51 l-9911
''
a n d t e s t e dp e r A M C A 5 0 0 - L - 9 9 .
d. Use rain hoods sized for no more than 500 fpm (2.5 m/s)
face velocity with a downward-facing intake such that all
intake air passesupward through a horizontal plane that
intersectsthe solid surfacesof the hood before entering
the system.
e. Manage the water that penetratesthe intake opening by
providing a drainage area and/or moisture removal
devices.
5.6.3 Rain Intrusion. Air-handling and distribution
equipmentmountedoutdoorsshall be designedto preventrain
intrusion into the airstream when tested at design airflow and
rvith no airflow. using the rain test apparatusdescribedtn Sec-
t i o n5 8 o f U L 1 9 9 5 . 1 2
5.6.4 Snow Entrainment. Where climate dictates,out-
door air intakesthat are part of the mechanicalventilationsys-
ten-rshall be designedto managemelted snow blown or drawn
rnto the systemas follows:
Suitable access doors to permit cleaning shall be pro-
vided.
b. Outdoor air ductwork or plenums shall pitch to drains
designed in accordance with the requirements of
S e c t i o n5 . 1L
A N S I A S H R A ES t a n d a r 6
d2 . 1 - 2 0 0 7
5.6.5 Bird Screens. Outdoor air intakes shall include a
screeningdevice designedto preventpenetrationby a 0.5 in.
( l3 mm) diameterprobe. The screeningdevice material shall
be corrosionresistant.The screeningdevice shall be located,
or other measures shall be taken, to prevent bird nesting
within the outdoor air intake.
f,lote: Any horizontal surface may be subject to bird
nestrng.
5 . 7 L o c a l C a p t u r e o f C o n t a m i n a n t s . T h e d i s c h a r g ef r o m
noncombustion equipment that captures the contaminants
generatedby the equipment shall be ducted directly to the
outdoors.
Exception: Equipment specifically designed for dischar-ue
indoors in accordance with the manufacturer's recom-
mendations.
5.8 Combustion Air. Fuel-burning appliances. both
ventedand unvented,shall be provided with sufficient arr for
combustion and adequateremoval of combustion products.
in accordancewith manufacturer instructions. Products of
combustion from vented appliancesshall be vented directly
outdoors.
5.9 Particulate Matter Removal. Particulatematter filters
or air cleanershaving a minimum etTiciencyreporting value
(ME,RV) of not less than 6 when rated in accordancewith
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.21sshall be provideclupstrean.t
of all cooling coils or other devices with wetted surfaces
through which air is suppliedto an occupiablespace.
5.10 Dehumidification Systems. Mechanical air-condi-
tioning systems with dehurnidification capability shall be
designedto comply with the following.
5.10.1 Relative Humidity. Occupied space relative
hunridity shall be limited to 65ohor lesswhen systemperfor-
mance is analyzedwith outdoor air at the dehumidification
design condition (that is, design dew point and mean coinci-
dent dry-bulb temperatures)and with the space interior loads
(both sensibleand latent) at cooling design valuesand space
s o l a rl o a d sa t z e r o .
Note: System configuration and,rorclin-raticconditions
ntay adequatelylimit spacerelative humidity at thesecondi-
tions without additionalhumidity-controldevices.The speci-
fied conditions challenge the system dehuntidification
performance with high outdoor latent load and low space
sensibleheat ratio.
Exception: Spaces where process or occupancy require-
ments dictatehigher humidity conditions,such as kitch-
ens, hot tub rooms that contain heated standing u'ater.
refrigerated or fiozen storage rooms and ice rinks, and/
or spacesdesignedand constructedto managemoisture,
such as shower rooms, pools, and spas.
5.10.2 Exfiltration. For a building, the design minimum
outdoor air intake shall be greaterthan the design maxirnum
exhaust airflow when the mechanical air-conditioning sys-
tems are dehumidifvine.
Exception: Where excess exhaust is required by process
considerations and approved by the authority having
jurisdiction. such as in certain industrialfacilities.
iYote: Although individual zones within a building may
be neutral or negative rvith respect to outdoors or to other
zones.net positive mechanical intake airflow for the building
as a whole reduces infiltration of untreated outdoor air.
5.ll Drain Pans. Drain pans, including their outlets and
seals.shall be desienedand constructedin accordancewith
this section.
5.ll.l D r a i n P a n S l o p e . P a n s i n t e n d e dt o c o l l e c t a n d
drain liquid water shall be sloped at least 0.125 in. per foot
per meter) fron-rthe horizontal toward the drain outlet
( l0 n-rn-r
or shall be otherwise designed to ensure that water drains
freely from the pan whether the fan is on or ofI.
5.11.2 Drain Outlet. The drain pan outlet shallbe located
at the lowestpoint(s)of the drain pan and shallbe of sufficient
diameter to preclude drain pan overflow under any normally
expectedoperatingcondition.
5 . 1 1 . 3 D r a i n S e a l . F o r c o n f i g u r a t i o n st h a t r e s u l t i n n e g -
ative static pressureat the drain pan relativeto the drain out-
let (such as a drarv-throughunit), the drain line shall include
a P-trap or other sealing device designedto maintain a seal
against ingestion of ambient air while allowing complete
drainageof the drain pan under any normally expectedoper-
ating condition. whether the fan is on or off.
5 . 1 1 . 4 P a n S i z e .T h e d r a i n p a n s h a l lb e l o c a t e du n d e r t h e
water-producingdevice. Drain pan width shall be sufficient
to collect water droplets acrossthe entire width of the water-
producing device or assembly.For horizontal airflow config-
urations.the drain pan length shall begin at the leading face
or edge of the water-producing device or assembly and
extend downstream from the leaving face or edge to a dis-
tance of either:
a. one half of the installed verlical dimension of the water-
producing device or assembly,or
b. as necessaryto limit water droplet carryover beyond the
drain pan to 0.0044 oz per ft' (1.5 mL per m') of face
area per hour under peak sensible and peak dew point
design conditions, considering both latent load and coil
face velocity.
5.12 Finned-Tube Coils and Heat Exchangers
5.12.1 Drain Pans. A drain pan in accordancewith Sec-
tion 5.I I shall be provided beneathall dehumidif ing cooling
coil assembliesand all condensate-producing heatexchangers.
5.12.2 Finned-Tube Coil Selection for Cleaning. Indi-
vidual finned-tubecoils or multiple finned-tubecoils in series
u'ithout adequateinterveningaccessspace(s)of at least l8 in.
(451 mm) shall be selected to result in no more than
0.75 in. w.c. ( 187 Pa) combined pressuredrop when dry coil
face velocity is 500 fpm (2.54 m/s).
Exception: When clear and complete instructionsfor access
and cleaning of both upstream and downstreant coil sur-
facesare provided.
5 . 1 3 H u m i d i f i e r s a n d W a t e r - S p r a y S y s t e m s .S t e a ma n d
direct evaporation humidifiers, air washers. and other
water-spray systems shall be designed in accordancewith
this section.
5.13.1 Water Qualitv. Water shall originatedirectly lronr
a potable source or from a source with equal or better r'vater
quality.
5.13.2 Obstructions. Air cleanersor ductwork obstruc-
tions, such as turning vanes,volunredampers.and duct olfsets
greater than l5 degrees.that are installed downstrearnof
humidifiers or water spray systemsshall be locateda distance
equalto or greaterthan the absorptiondistancerecommended
by the humidifier or water spray system manufacturer.
Exception: Equipment such as elin-rinators.
coils, or evapo-
rative media may be located within the absorptiondis-
tance recommended by the manufacturer. provided a
drain pan complying with the requirements of
Section5.ll is used to capture and rentove any rvater
that may drop out of the airstream due to impingement
o n t h e s eo b s t r u c t i o n s .
5.14 Access for Inspection, Cleaningoand Maintenance
5.14.1 Equipment Clearance. Ventilation equipment
shall be installedwith sufficientworking spacefor inspection
and routine maintenance(e.g.,filter replacementand fan belt
adjustment and replacement).
5.14.2 Ventilation Equipment Access. Access doors.
panels,or other means shall be provided and sized to allow
convenient and unobstructed access sufficient to inspect.
maintain,and calibrateall ventilation systemcontponentsfor
whrch routine inspection.maintenance.or calibration is nec-
essary.Ventilation system componentscomprise. fbr exant-
ple, air-handling units, fan-coil units, water-source heat
pumps, other terminal units, controllers,and sensors.
5.14.3 Air Distribution System. Accessdoors,panels.or
other meansshall be provided in ventilationequipment.duct-
work, and plenums,locatedand sizedto allow convenientand
unobstructed access for inspection, cleaning, and routine
maintenanceof the followine:
a. or plenums
Outdoor air intake arL-aways
b. Mixed air plenums
c. Upstrean-rsurface of each heating, cooling. and heat-
recovery coil or coil assemblyhaving a total of fbur rows
or less
d. Both upstream and downstream surface of each heating.
cooling, and heat-recoverycoil having a total of more
than four rows and arr washers,evaporativecoolers, heat
wheels. and other heat exchangers
e. Air cleaners
f. Drain pans and drain seals
g. Fans
h. Humidifiers
5.15 Building Envelope and Interior Surfaces.The build-
ing envelopeand rnterior surfaceswithin the building enve-
lope shall be designedin accordancewith the following.
A N S I i ' A S H R A t : S t a n d a r d6 2 . I - 2 0 0 7
 5.15.1 Building Envelope. The building envelope,
including roofs. walls, fenestrationsystems,and foundations,
shall comply with the fbllowing:
L A weather barrier or other means shall be provided to
preventliquid water penetrationinto the envelope.
Exception: When the envelope is engineeredto allow
incidental water penetration to occur without result-
ing in danrageto the envelopeconstruction.
2. An appropriatelyplacedvaporretarderor other meansshall
be provided to limit water vapor diffusion to prevent
condensationon cold surfaceswithin the envelope.
Exception: When the envelopeis engineeredto manage
incidental condensationwithout resulting in dam-
age to the envelope construction.
3. Exteriorjoints. seams,or penetrationsin the building enve-
lope that are pathways for air leakage shall be caulked,
gasketed.rveather-stripped,provided with continuous air
barrier, or otherwise sealedto limit infiltration through the
envelopeto reduceuncontrolledentry of outdoor air mois-
ture and pollutants.
Irotu: Where soils contain high concentrationsof radon
or other soil gas contaminants.the local authority having
jurisdiction may have additional requirements. such as
depressurization.
5 . 1 5 . 2 C o n d e n s a t i o no n I n t e r i o r S u r f a c e s .P i p e s ,d u c t s ,
and other surfaceswithin the building whose surface tentper-
atures are expected to fall below the sumounding dew-point
temperatureshall be insulated.The insulationsystemthermal
resistanceand material characteristicsshall be sufficient to
prevent condensation from forming on the exposed surface
and rvithin the insulatins material.
Exceptions:
a. Where condensatewill wet only'surfacesthat can be
managedto prevent or control mold growth.
b. Where local practice has demonstratedthat conden-
sation does not result in n-roldsrowth.
5.16 Buildings with Attached Parking Garages. In order
to limit the entry of vehicularexhaustinto occupiablespaces,
buildings with attachedparking garagesshall:
I. maintainthe garagepressureat or below the pressureof the
adjacentoccupiablespaces,or
2. usea vestibuleto provide an airlock betweenthe garageand
the adjacentoccupiablespaces,or
3. otherwise be designedto minimize migration of air from
the attachedparking garage into the adjacent occupiable
spacesof the building.
5.17 Air Classification and Recirculation. Air shall be
classified,and its recirculationshall be limited in accordance
u'ith the followingscctions.
5.17.1 Classification. Air (return. transfer, or exhaust
a i r ) l e a v i n g e a c h s p a c eo r l o c a t i o n s h a l l b e d e s i g n a t e da t a n
expectedair-quality classificationnot lessthan that shown in
Tables 5-2 or 6-l or as approved by the authority having
A\Sl ASHRAEStandard
62.1-2007
TABLE5-2 Airstreams
Description Air Class
,1
di scharge
Diazoprintingequiprnettt a
A
Comrnercialkitchengreasehoods T
Commercialkitchenlioodsotherthangrease 3
Laboratoryhoods n
a
3
Residentialkitchcnventedhoods
jurisdiction. The classification for air from spacesor loca-
tions that are not listed in Tables 5-2 or 6- I shall be the same
as the classificationfor air from the listed spacetype that is
most similar in terms of occupant activities and building
construction.
Exception: Classificationof air from smoking spacesis not
addressed.(Spacesthat are expectedto include sntokin-c
d o n o t h a v e a c l a s s i f i c a t i o nl i s t e di n T a b l e6 - 1 . )
Note: Classifications in Tables 5-2 and 6-l are basedon
relative contaminant concentrationusing the following
subjectivecriteria:
. C l a s s l : A i r w i t h l o w c o n t a m i n a n tc o n c e n t r a t i o nl.o w
sensory-irritation intensity, and inoffensive odor.
. Class 2: Air with moderate contaminant concentration.
mrld sensory-irritation intensity. or mildly offettsive
o d o r s . C l a s s2 a i r a l s o i n c l u d e sa i r t h a t i s n o t n e c e s s a r -
ily harmful or objectionable but that is inappropriate
for transfer or recirculation to spacesused for dlfferent
purposes.
. C l a s s3 : A i r w i t h s i g n i f i c a n tc o n t a m i n a n ct o n c e n t r a t i o n .
significant sensory-irritation intensity, or offensrve odor.
. Class4: Air with highly objectionablefumes or gasesor
with potentially dangerous particles. bioaerosols. or
gases,at concentrationshigh enough to be consiclered
harmful.
5.17.2 Re-designation
5 . 1 7 . 2 . 1 A i r C l e a n i n g . I f a i r l e a v i n ga s p a c eo r l o c a t i o r t
passesthrough an air-cleaning systen-r,the cleanedair may be
reclassifiedto a cleaner classification.using the subjective
criteria noted above, with the approval of the authority having
jurisdiction.
5,17.2.2 Energy Recovery.Class2 air may be re-desig-
nated as Class I air in the processof recoveringenergywhen
it is diluted with outdoorair suchthat no nrorethan 109/oof the
resultingairstreamis Class2 air. Class 3 air n'raybe re-desig-
natedas Class I air in the processof recoveringenergywhen
it is diluted with outdoor air such that no more than 5% of the
resultingairstreamis Class 3 air.
5.17,2.3 Transfer. A mixture of air that has been trans-
ferred through or returned from more than one classification
of spacemust be re-designatedwith the classificationappro-
priate for the part of the mixture that has the highest contam-
inant concentration. For exampleo air returned fron-r both a
Class I and a Class2 spaceservedby a common systemntust
be designatedas Class 2 air.
 5.17.3 Recirculation Limitations. When the Ventilation
Rate Procedureof Section6 is usedto determineventilationair-
flow values.recirculation of air shall be limited in accordance
with the requirementsof this section.
5.17.3.1 Class I Air. Class I air may be recirculatedor
transferredto any space.
5.17,3.2 Class 2 Air. Class 2 air may be recrrculated
within the spaceof origin. Class 2 air may be transferredor
recirculatedto other Class 2 or Class 3 spacesutilized for the
sameor similar pulposeor task and involving the sameor sim-
ilar pollutant sources.Class2 air may be recirculatedor trans-
ferredto Class4 spaces.Class2 air shall not be recirculatedor
transferredto Class I spaces.
Note: Spacesthat are normally Class 1 may be identified
as "Spacesancillary to Class2 spaces"and as such classified
as Class 2 spacesas permitted in Table 6-1.
5.17.3.3 Class 3 Air. Class 3 air may be recirculated
withrn the spaceof origin. Class3 air shall not be recirculatedor
transferredto any other space.
5.17.3.4 Class 4 Air. Class4 air shall not be recirculated
or transferredto any spacenor recirculatedwithin the spaceof
origin.
5.17.4 Documentation. Design documentationshall indi-
catethejustification for classificationof air from any location
n o t l i s t e di n T a b l e s5 - 2 o r 6 - 1 .
5.18 Requirements for Buildings Containing ETS Areas
and ETS-Free Areas. The requirementsof this sectionmust
be met when a building containsboth ETS areasand ETS-free
areas. Such buildings shall be constructedand operated in
accordance w i t h S e c t i o n s5 . 1 8 . 1t h r o u g h5 . 1 8 . 8 .T h i s s e c t i o n
does not purpoft to achieve acceptableindoor air quality in
ETS areas.
5.18.1 Classification. All spaces shall be classified as
either ETS-free areasor ETS areas.
5.18.2 Pressurization. ETS-free areasshall be at a posi-
tive pressurewith respect to any adjacent or connected ETS
areas.
liote: Examples of methods for demonstrating relative
pressureinclude engineering analysis,pressure differential
and airflow measurement.
r-neasurement,
Exceptions:
a. Dr,r,elling units, including hotel and motel gues-
trooms. and adjacent properlies under different own-
ership with separation walls that are structurally
independent and that contain no openings. This
exception shall apply only when:
l. the separation walls are constructed as smoke
barriers in accordance with the requirements of
applicablestandards;
2. the separationwalls include an air barier consist-
ing of a continuousmembraneor surfacetreatment
in the separationwall that has documentedresis-
tance to air leakage:continuify of the bamer shall
be maintained at openings for pipes, ducts, and
other conduits and at points where the barrier
meetsthe outsidewalls and other barriers:and
l0
3. interior corridors common to ETS and ETS-free
areasare mechanicallysuppliedwith outdoor air at
the rateof 0. I cfnr/ft' (0.5 Lrs'nr/).
b, Adjacent spacesotherwiserequired to be held at neg-
ative pressureand posted with signs due to the pres-
ence of hazardousor flammable materialsor vapors.
5.18.3 Separation. Solid walls, floors, ceilings,and doors
equippedwith automatic closing mechanismsshall separate
ETS areasfrom ETS-free areas.
Exception: Openings without doors are permitted in the
separationwhere engineered systems are designed to
provide airflow from ETS-free areas into ETS areas.
notwithstandingeddiesthat may occur in the immediate
vicinity of the boundary between the ETS and ETS-fiee
areas and reverseflow that may occur due to shoft-temr
conditionssuch as wind gusts.
Note: Examplesof methodsfor dentonstratingair tttotion
are engineeringanalysisand the use of a directional airflow
indicatorat representative locationsin the opening,suchas on
I ft (0.3 m) centersor at locationsrequired for duct traverses
in standardtesting and balancing procedures.such as those
d e s c r i b e di n A S I I R A E S t a n d a r dI I l . 2 l
5.18.4 Transfer Air. When air is transf'erredfiom ETS-
free areasto ETS areas,the transfer airflow rate shall be nrain-
tained regardless of whether operable doors or windorvs
between ETS-free and ETS areas are opened or closed.
Acceptable means of doing so include fixed openings in
doors, walls, or floors, transfer grilles, transfer ducts, or
unductedair plenums with air pressuredifferentialsin com-
p l i a n c ew i t h S e c t i o n5 . 1 8 . 2 .
5.18.5 Recirculation. Air-handling and natural ventila-
tion systems shall not recirculate or transfer air from an ETS
area to an ETS-free area.
5.18.6 Exhaust Systems. Exhaust or relief air frotu an
ETS areashall be dischargedsuch that none of the air is recir-
culated back into any ETS-free area.
5.18.7 Signage. A sign shall be posted outside each
entranceto eachETS area.The sign shall state,as a minimum.
"This Area May Contain E,nvironmentalTobacco Smoke" in
lettersat least I in. (25 mm) high or otherwisein cornpliance
with accessibilityguidelines.
Note: Based on the definition of ETS area. such a sign
may be posted outside a larger ETS area that includes the area
where smoking is permitted.
Exception: Insteadof the specifiedsign, equivalentnotifica-
tion means acceptableto the authority having jurisdic-
tion may be used.
5.18.8 Reclassification.An area that was previously an
ETS area, but now meets the requirementsof an ETS-free
area. may be classifiedas such afier intentional or allowed
smoke exposure has stopped and odor and irritation front
residualETS contaminantsare not apparent.
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1 -2007
6. PROCEDURES
This section is not required for natural ventilation
systems: natural ventilation systems shall be designed in
accordancew i t h S e c t i o n5 . 1 .
6.1 General. Either the Ventilation Rate Procedureor the
IAQ Procedureshall be usedto design eachventilation system
in a building, subject to the following considerationsand
restrictions.
6.1.1 Ventilation Rate Procedure. This is a prescriptive
procedurein which outdoor air intake ratesare determinedbased
on spacetipe/application. occupancy level, and floor area.
liote: The Ventilation Rate Procedureminimum ratesare
based on contaminant sources and source strengths that are
typical for the listed spacetypes.
6.1.2 IAQ Procedure. This is a design procedure in
which outdoorair intakeratesand other systemdesignparam-
eters are based on an analysis of contaminantsources,con-
taminant concentrationtargets, and perceived acceptability
targets.The IAQ Procedureallows credit to be taken for con-
trols that remove contaminants (for example, air-cleaning
devices)or for other design techniques(for example, selec-
tion of materials with lower source strengths)that can be reli-
ably demonstrated to result in indoor contaminant
concentrationsequalto or lower than thoseachievedusing the
Ventilation Rate Procedure.The IAQ Procedure may also be
used where the design is intended to attain specific target con-
taminantconcentrationsor levelsof acceptabilityof perceived
indoor air quality.
6.2 Ventilation Rate Procedure. The design outdoor air
intuke./lov, (.Vo) for a ventilation system shall be determined
in accordancewith Sections6.2.I through 6.2.9.
llote: Additional explanation of terms used below is
contained in Appendix A, along with a ventilation system
s c h e m a t i c( F i g u r eA . l ) .
6.2.1 Outdoor Air Treatment. If outdoor air is judged to
be unacceptablein accordancewith Section4.1, each ventila-
tion system that provides outdoor air through a supply fan
shall comply with the fbllowing sections.
Exception: Systems supplying air for enclosed parking
garages.warehouses,storage rooms. janitor's closets,
trash rooms, recycling areas, shipping/receiving/distri-
bution areas.
Note: Occupiedspacesventilatedwith outdoor air that is
judged to be unacceptableare subject to reduced air quality
w,henoutdoor air is not cleaned prior to introduction to the
occupiedspaces.
6.2.1.1 Particulate Matter. When the building. is
located in an area where the national standardfor PMl0' is
exceeded,particle filters or air-cleaningdevicesshall be pro-
vided to clean the air at any location prior to its introduction
to occupied spaces.Particulate matter filters or air cleaners
shallhavea Minin'rum Efficiency ReportingValue (MERV) of
6 or higher whe,nrated in accordancewith ANSI/ASHRAE
S t a n d a r d5 2 . 2 . 1 )
62.1-2007
Standard
A).iSI'ASHRAE
6.2.1.2 Ozone. Air-cleaning devicesfor ozone shall be
provided when the second-highestdaily maximum one-hour
a v e r a g ec o n c e n t r a t i o ne x c e e d s0 . 1 6 0 p p m ( 3 1 3 p r g / m r ) .T h e
ozone concentrationfor design purposesshall be determined
in accordancewith Appendix FI to subchapterC, 40 CFR 50.1
or equivalent.
Note: Monitored values for historical one-hour average
ozoneconcentrationsare availablefor United Stateslocations
at the AIRData Web site, located under www.epa.gov.
Suchair-cleaningdevicesshallhavea minimum volumet-
ric ozone removal efficiency of 40'/owhen installed. operated.
and maintainedin accordancewith manufacturerrecomnlen-
dations and shall be approvedby the authority having juris-
diction. Such devices shall be operated whenever outdoor
ozone levels are expectedto exceed0. I 60 ppm (3 l3 pg/m3;.
l,lote: For United Stateslocations, the one-hour average
ozone concentrationis expected to exceed the 0.160 ppnt
(313 pglm3) limit when the Air Quality lndex forecast
exceeds151 (categoryred, purple, or maroon). This forecast
is availablein local n-rediaor at the AIRNow Web site,located
under www.epa.gov.
Exceptions: Air cleaning for ozone is not requiredwhen:
a. The minintum system design outdoor air intake flow
resultsin 1.5 ach or less.
b. Controls are provided that senseoutdoor ozone level
and reduce intake airflow to result in L5 ach or less
while complying with the outdoor atrflorv require-
mentsof Section6.
c. Outdoor air is brought into the building and heated
by direct-fired,makeup air units.
6.2.1.3 Other Outdoor Contaminants. When the
building is located in an areawhere the national standardfor
one or more contaminantsnot specifically addressedin Sec-
tion 6.2.1 is exceeded,any design assumptionsand/or calcu-
lations related to the impact on indoor air quality shall be
included in the designdocuments.
6.2.2 Zone Calculations. Zone parametersshall be deter-
m i n e d i n a c c o r d a n c ew i t h S e c t i o n s6 . 2 . 2 . 1t h r o u g h6 . 2 . 2 . 3 .
Note: In some casesit is acceptableto detemrinethese
parametersfor only selectedzonesas outlined in Appendix A.
6.2.2.1 Breathing Zone Outdoor Airflow. The design
outdoor airflow required in the breathing zone of the occupi-
able spaceor spacesrnazone,i.e., the breathingzoneouldoor
airflov, (Vn), shall be detern'rinedin accordancewith Equa-
tion 6- I .
v 6 _- R , , . P _ + R u .A . ( 6 - l)
where
A- zone.floor areu'. the net occupiablefloor area of the
zon" ^2 1ft21
Pz zone population: the largest number of people
expectedto occupy the zone during typical usage.If
the number of people expectedto occupy the zone
fluctuates, P, may be estimated based on averaging
approachesdescribedin Section6.2.6.2
 llote: If P- cannot be accurately predicted during
design. it shall be an estimatedvalue based on the
zone floor area and the default occupant density
listed in Table 6- I .
R, outdoor airflow rate required per person as
determined from Table 6- I
Note: These values are basedon adaptedoccupants.
R, outdoor airflorv rate required per unit area as
determinedfrom Table 6-1
l\,iote: Equation 6-l is the means of accounting for
people-relatedsourcesand area-relatedsourcesfor determtn-
ing the outdoor air required at the breathing zone. The use of
Equation6- I in the contextof this standarddoesnot necessar-
ily imply that simple addition of sourcescan be appliedto any
other aspectof indoor air quality.
6,2.2.2 Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness.The zone
air distribution e.//bctiveness(E-) shall be determined using
Table 6-2.
6.2.2.3 Zone Outdoor Airflow. The design zone out-
tloor ai4flov,(V,,r). i.e., the outdoor airflow that must be pro-
vided to the zone by the supply air distribution system,shall
be determinedin accordancewith Equation 6-2.
L/u=: V6rlE, (6-2)
6.2,3 Single-Zone Systems. When one air handler sup-
plies a mixture of outdoor air and recirculated air to only one
zone, rhe outdoor air intake.flow'( Zur)shall be determined in
accordancewith Equation 6-3.
Vu,: Vu, (6-3)
6.2.4 100"/" Outdoor Air Systems. When one air handler
suppliesonly outdoor air to one or more zones, the outcloor
air intake.flow ( I/i,,) shall be determined in accordancewith
Equation 6-4.
V.t : Lull ,ur"rVr,, (6-4)
6.2.5 Multiple-Zone Recirculating Systems. When one
air handler suppliesa mixture of outdoor air and recirculated
retum air to more than one zone, the outdoor air intake flou'
(tr/,,r) shall be determinedin accordancewith Sections6.2.5.1
t h r o u g h6 . 2 . 5 . 4 .
6.2,5.1 Primary Outdoor Air Fraction. When
Table 6-3 is used to detemrine system ventilation efficiency,
the zone printar.r, outdoor air .fraction (Z) shall be deter-
mined in accordancewith Equation 6-5.
Z;,: V,,r|V1,, (6-5)
where L'rr_isthezone primary airflow, i.e., the primary airflow
to the zone from the air handler includins outdoor air and
recirculatedreturn air.
l{ote: For VAV systems, Vo, is the minimum expected
primary airflow for design pulposes.
6,2.5.2 S1'stemVentilation Efficiency. The q,stenxven-
tilation e./ficiencv(8,.) shall be determined using Table 6-3 or
Appendix A.
l )
6.2.5.3 Uncorrected Outdoor Air Intake. The design
uncorrectecloutdoor air intake ( (,,,) shall be detemrined in
accordancewith Equation 6-6.
Vur: DLullr,,rrr(.Rp P11+ Lull ,r,rrr(Ru' A.) (6-6)
The occupant cliversi\,, D, may be used to account for
variationsin occupancywithin the zonesservedby the system.
The occtrpunq,:divercil-v'isdefined as
( 6 - 7)
population (Pr) is the total population in the
where the st,stern
area served by the system. Alternative methods may be used
to account for population diversity when calculating 1i,,,"
provided that the resulting value is no less than that deter-
n-rinedby Equation 6-6.
Note: The uncorrected outcloor oir intake (V,,,,) is
adjusted for diversity but uncorrected fbr ventilation effi-
ciency.
6.2.5.4 Outdoor Air Intake. The design otttcloorair
intake .flow, (Vo) shall be determined in accordance with
Equation 6-8.
V,,,: VuulE,. (6-8)
6.2.6 Design for Varying Operating Conditions
6.2.6.1 Variable Load Conditions. Ventilationsystems
shallbe designedto be capableol'providing the requiredven-
tilation rates in the breathing zone whenever the zones sen'ed
by the system are occupied, including all full- and part-load
conditions.
6.2.6.2 Short-Term Conditions. If it is known that
peak occupancy will be of short duration and/or ventilation
will be varied or interrupted for a short period of time. the
design may be based on the averageconditions over a tinte
oeriod f determinedby Equation 6-9.
T:3vlV6- (6-9a)
T - 50vlV6. ( 6 - 9 b)
where
T averaging time period, min
the volume of the zone for which averaging is being
applied,ft3 1m31
Vb, : the breathing zone outdortr airflow calculated using
Equation 6- I and the design value of the zone
population P,, cfm (L/s)
Acceptable design adjustmentsbased on this optional
provision include the following:
L Zoneswrth fluctuatingoccupancy:the:o nepopuloliort (P-)
may be averagedover time I
2. Zoneswith intermittentintemiption of supply air: the aver-
age outdoor airflow supplied to the breathing zone oyer
time f shall be no less than the hreathing zone outdoor
airflov, (V6) calculatedusing Equation 6- I .
3. Systemswith intermittentclosureof the outdoor air intake:
the averageoutdoor air intake over time f shall be no less
than the minimum outdoor air intake ( L;,) calculatedusing
Equation 6-3.6-4, or 6-8 as appropnate.
AN SI/ASHRAE Standard62,| -2007
 TABLE6.1 MINIMUM VENTILATION RATESIN BREATHING ZONE
(Thistable is not valid in isolation;it must be used in conjunctionwith the accompanyingnotes.)

Default Values
PeopleOutdoor Area Outdoor
Air Rate Air Rate OccupantDensit;" CombinedOutdoor
0ccupanc,-v Rp Ra Air
Notes (seeNote 4) Air Rate (seeNote 5)
Categor;- Class
#/1000ft2
cfm/person L/s'person cfm/ft2 L/s'm2 cfm/PersonL/s'Person
";il*';2
Correctional Facilities

Ce l l 5 2.5 0.t2 0.6 25 t0 1.9 2

Dayroom 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 30 7 3.5 I
q
Guard stations 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 l5 4.5 I
A A
Bookingiwaiting 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 50 9 +.4 I

Educational Facilities

Daycare lthrough age 4) l0 5 0 .l 8 0.9 25 t7 it.6

Daycarc sickroom l0 0 .l 8 0.9 25 l'7 8.6

C l a s s r o o m s( a g e s 5 8 ) l0 5 0 .l 2 0.6 25 l5 1 t
,t..+

t a
C l a s s r o o m s( a g e 9 p l u s ) l0 5 0.t2 0.6 35 I J 6.7

Lecture classroom 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 65 8 4.3

Lecturehall (fixed seats) 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 150 8 4.0

Art classroom l0 5 0.18 0.9 20 l9 9.5

S c i e n c el a b o r a t o r i e s l0 5 0 .l 8 0.9 25 t7 8.6

University,lcollege 25 17 lJ.6
l0 0 .l 8 0.9
laboratories

\Voodimetal shop t0 5 0.r8 0.9 20 t9 9.5

Computcr lab 10 5 0.t2 0.6 25 r5 1.4

Media center l0 5 0 .l 2 0.6 25 l5 7.4

Music /thcateridance l0 5 0.06 0.3 35 t2 5.9

Multi-use assembly 7.5 3.8 0.06 0 1 100 tt 4.1

Food and Beverage Sen'ice

R e s t a u r a n td i n i n g r o o n l s 7.5 3.8 0.ltt 0.9 l0 r0 5.1 1

C ' a f c t e r i al a s t -f o o d d i n i n g 7.5 3.8 0.18 0.9 100 9 4.7 2

Bars. cocktail lounges 7.5 3.8 0 .l 8 0.9 100 I 4.7 2

General

Break roollts 5 2.5 0.06 (r.-1 25 l0 5.1

Coffee stations 5 2.5 0.06 (r.-1 20 ll 5.5
Conf'erence/meeting 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 50 6 ) t
J . l

Corridors 0.06 (,. -j

Storage rooms 0.t2 0.6

Hotels, Motels, Resorts, Dormitories

Bedroomiliving room 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 l0 ll 5.5

Barracks sleeping areas 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 20 8 4.0

Laundry rooms. central 5 2.5 0 .l 2 0.6 l0 t1 8.5

Laundry rooms within

5 2.5 0.12 0.6 l0 tl 8.5
dwelling urrrts

Lobbiesiprefunction 7.5 3.u 0.06 0.3 30 l0 ,1.8

Multipurpose assernbly 5 2.5 0.06 (.,.-t 120 6 2.8

A N S I ' A S H R A ES t a n d a r 6d 2 . 1- 2 0 0 7 r3
 TABLE6.1 MINIMUMVENTILATIONRATESIN BREATHINGZONE (continued)
(Thistable is not valid in isolation; it must be used in coniunction with the accompanying notes.)
Default Values
PeopleOutdoor Area Outdoor
Air Rate Air Rate OccupantDensit;- CombinedOutdoor
Occupancl Rp Ra Air
Notes (seeNote 4) Air Rate (seeNote 5)
Categorl' Class
ft2
#/1000
cfm/person L/s'person cfmlft2 Lls'm2 L/s'Person
cfm/Person
";ilh-;2
Office Buildings

Office space 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 ) l7 8.5

Receptron areas 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 30 7 3.5

Telephoneidataentry 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 60 b 3.0

Main entrv lobbrcs 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 l0 l l -5.5

N { i s c e l l a n e o u sS p a c e s

B a n k r a u l t s s a f cd c p o s i t 2.5 0.06 0,.3 -5 t7 8.5

Computer (not printing) 2.5 0.06 (]r.3 A

T 20 10.0

E l e c t r i c a le q u i p m e n t
0.06 Cr.3
rooms

E l e v a t o rm a c h i n e r o o m s 0.12 (il- C)

P h a r r n a c y( p r c p . a r e a ) 5 2.5 0 .1 8 Cr.9 t0 /.)

at
I1.5

Plioto studios 5 2.5 0.t2 Cr.6 t0 t7 8.5

Shipping,'receiving 0.t2 Cr.6

T e l e p h o n ec l o s e t s 0.00 C,.0

Transportation waiting 3.8 0.06 Cr.3 100

Warehouses 0.06 Cr.3

Spaces
Public Assembl.v"

Auditoriumseatingarea 2.5 0.06 (.r.J 150 2.7

Placesof rcligious 2.8
2.5 0.06 cl.3 t20 b
rvorship
Courtrooms 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 70 6 2.9

5 2.5 0.06 ct.3 in o 3.1

L e g i s l a tci rc h a t n b c r s
Librancs 5 2.5 0.t2 0.6 l0 t7 8.5

Lobbics 5 2.5 0.06 cl.3 150 5 2.7

Muscums(children's) 7.5 3.8 0.t2 ct.6 40 5.3

Muscums''galleries 7.5 3.8 0.06 cl.3 40 4.6

Residential

Dwelling unit 2.5 0.06 Cr.3 F.C;

Common corridors 0.06 0.3

Retail

S a l c s ( e x c e p ta s b e l o r v ) 7.5 3.8 0 .l 2 cr.6 l5 l6 7.9

Mall cornmon areas 7.5 3.8 0.06 Cr.3 40 9 +.o

Barbershop 7.5 3.8 0.06 Cr.3 25 t0 5.0

Beauty and nail salotrs 20 r0 0.t2 Cr.6 25 25 t2.4
Pet shops (animal are'as) 7.5 3.8 0 .l 8 0.9 l0 26 r2 . 8
Supermarkel 7.5 3.8 0.06 cr.3 8 l5 7.6
C o i n - o p e r a t c dl a u n d r i e s 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 20 ll 5.3

AN SliAS H RAt: Standard62.l -2001

 TABLE6-1 MINIMUMVENTILATION RATESlN BREATHING ZONE(continued)
(Thistable is not valid in isolation;it must be used in conjunctionwith the accompanyingnotes.)

Default Values
PeopleOutdoor Area Outdoor
Air Rate Air Rate OccupantDensity CombinedOutdoor
Occupancl' Rp Ra Air
Notes (seeNote 4) Air Rate (seeNote 5)
Categor;- Class
#/1000ft2
cfm/person L/s.person cfm/ft2 L/s'm2 cfm/person L/s'person
".'iii'O-n'2
Sports and Entertainment

Sporls arena (play area) 0.30 1.5 I

Gym. stadium(play area) 0.30 1.5 30 2

Spectator areas 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 150 4.0 I
' t A
S*'irnming (pool & deck) 0.48 L.a 2

D i s c o ' d a n c ef l o o r s )n l0 0.06 0.3 100 2l r0.3 I

Health clubiaerobics )o 11
r0.8
l0 0.06 0.3 40
roolll

H c a l t h c l u b " w e i g h tr o o m s 20 10 0.06 0.3 l0 zo 13.0

Bowling alley (seating) l0 5 0.t2 0.6 40 l a
t-) (i.5

Gambling casinos 7.5 3.8 0 .l 8 0.9 120 o 4.6

Game arcades 7.5 3.8 0 .l 8 0.9 20 l7 8.3

S t a g e s .s t u d i o s 10 5 0.06 0.3 70 ll .5.4

G E N E R A L N O T E SF O R T A B L E 6 - I
of this standardbcingmct.
I Relatedrequirements:Thc ratcsin this tablc arc bascdon all othcrappiicablcrcquircmcnts

in snrokingarcas.

is not rcquircdfor conlplianccrvith this standard

of 70"F (2 l'C ). Ratcsntav bc adjustcdlbr actualdcnsitybut suchadjustrncnt
a1 air tcltpcratr.rrc
;l Default occupantdensitl': Thc dcfaultoccupantdcnsitvshallbc uscdu'hcnactualoccupantdcnsitvis not kno*'n.
5 Default combinedoutdoor air rate (per person):This ratc is bascdon thc dclatrltoccupantdcnsitl'.

shallbc trscd.
occupantdcnsitl.activiticsand btrildinqconstructiolt
7 Health-carefacilities:Ratcsshallbc cictcrmincdin accordancc t'ith Appcndir E.

I F\ O I b S I O R ] ' A B L F 6, - I
I ' T E N l . S P E CI C
A For high schooland collegclibrarics.usc valucsshownlbr PtrblicAsscmbll Spaccs-Lrbrancs.
B Ratcma."- not bc sufllcicntwhcn storcdmatcnalsincludcthoscha\rng potcntialllharmlirlcrnissions.
C Rarcdocsnor ailori fbr hurnidirycontrol.Additionalvcntilationor dchumidification may bc rcquircdto rL'movcInoisturc.
D Ratcdoesnot rncludcspccialcxhaustfor stagccfl'ccts.c,g,.dry icc lapors.smokc.
E \\'hcn conrbusrion cquiprncntis intcndcdro bc uscdon thc playingsurfacc.additionaldilutionrcntilatronand,orsourcccontrolshallbc pror'idcd.
F Dcfaultoccupancvlbr du,cllingunitsshallbc trvo pcrsonslbr studioand onc'-bcdroom units,with onc additionalpcrsonfor cachadditronalbcdroonr.
G Arr fi'omonc.rcsidcntialdwe-llingshallnot bc rccirculatcdor transfcncdto any othcrspaccoulsidcof that drvclling.

6.2.7 Dynamic Reset. The system may be designed to
reset the design outdoor air intake.flov' (L',,,)andlor space or
zone airflow as operating conditions change. These condi-
tions include but are not limited to:
L Vanations in occupancy or ventilation airJlow in one or
more individual zones for which ventilation airflow
requirementswill be reset.
Irlote: Examples of measuresfor estimating such varia-
tions include: occupancy scheduled by time-of-day, a
direct count of occupants,or an estimateof occupancyor
ventilation rate per personusing occupancysensorssuch
as thosebasedon indoor CO2 concentrations.
2. Variations in the effrciency with which outdoor air is
drstributed to the occupants under different ventilation
system airflows and temperatures.
3. A higher fraction of outdoor air in the air supply due to
intake of additional outdoor air for free coolins or exhaust
air makeup.
6.2.8 Exhaust Ventilation. Exhaustairf'low shall be pro-
vided in accordance with the requirements in Table 6-4.
Exhaust makeup air may be any combination of outdoor air.
air. andtransferair.
recirculated
6.2.9 Ventilation in Smoking Areas. Smoking areas
shallhavenloreventilation and/orair cleaningthancontpara-
ble no-smokingareas.Specificventilationraterequirements
cannotbe determineduntil cognizantauthoritiesdeternrine
the concentration of smokethat achievesan acceptable
level
of risk. Air from smokingareasshallnot be recirculated
or
to no-smokingareas.
transferred
6.3 Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Procedure.The IndoorAir
Quality (lAQ) Procedureis a performance-based design
approach in rvhichthebuildingandits ventilationsystemare
designed to maintainthe concentrations of specificcontanri-
nantsat or belowcertainlimits identifiedduringthebuilding
designand to achievethe designtargetlevel of perceived
indoorair qualityacceptabilityby buildingoccupants andior

A N S I A S H R A E S t a n d a r d6 2 . 1 - 2 0 0 7
 TABLE6-2 Zone Air DistributionEffectiveness contaminantof concern,indoor and outdoor sourcesshall be
identified, and the strength of each source shall be deter-
Air Distribution Configuration E- mined.

Ceiling supply of cool air. 1.0 6.3.1.2 Contaminant Concentration. For each con-
Cieiling supply of wann air and floor return. 1.0 taminant of concern,a target concentrationlimit and its cor-
respondingexposureperiod and an appropriatereferenceto a
Ceiling supply of wann air I 5oF (8"C) or more above
0.8 cognizant authority shall be specified.(See Appendix B for
space temperaturc and ceiling return.
some contaminantconcentrationguidelines.)
Ceiling supply of u'ann air lcssthan l5"F (8'C) above
space temperature and ceiling return provided that the
6.3.1.3 Perceived Indoor Air Qualitv. The criteria to
1 5 0 f p m ( 0 . 8 m i s ) s u p p l y a i r j e t r c a c h e st o w i t h i n 4 . 5 f t 1.0 achievethe design level of acceptabilityshall be specifiedin
( L4 m) of floor level. ,Vole.'For lower velocity supply terms of the percentageof building occupantsandior visitors
a i r .E - : 0 . 8 . expressingsatisfactionwith perceivedIAQ.

Floor supply of cool air and cciling retum providedthat 6.3.1.4 Design Approaches. Select one or a combina-
t h e 1 5 0 f p m ( 0 . 8 m r s ) s u p p l yj e t r e a c h c s4 . 5 f t ( 1 . 4 m ) tion of the following design approachesto detemrine nrini-
1.0
or more above thc floor. iYote: Most underfloor air dis- mum space and system outdoor airflow rates and all other
t r i b u t i o n s y s t e m sc o n t p l y w i t h t h i s p r o v i s o . design parametersdeemed relevant (e.g.. air-cleaning effi-
Floor supply of cool air and ceiling rcturn.provided cienciesand supply airflow rates).
l o w - v e l o c i t y d i s p l a c e m e n tv c n t i l a t i o n a c h i c v e su n i d i - 1.2
rcctional flolv and thennal stratification. a. Mass balance analysis. The steady-stateequations in
Floor supply of warm air and f'loor retum. 1.0 Appendix D, which describethe impact of air cleaningon
0.7 outdoor air and recirculation rates,may be used as part of
Floor supply of wan- air and ceiling return.
a mass balance analysis for ventilation systemsserving a
Makeup supply drawn in on the opposite side of the single space.
0.8
room lrom the exhaust and/or return.
b. Design approachesthat have proved successfulin similar
Makeup supply drawn in near to the exhaust and/or buildings.
0.5
retum location.
c. Approaches validated by contaminant monitoring and
L "Cool rir" is air coolcr than spacc tcmpcraturc.
l.
''\\'arrn
air" is air \!arTncr than spacc tcmpcraturc. subjective occupant evaluations in the completed build-
-j. "Cciling" includcs anv point abovc thc breuthirtg:one. ing. An acceptableapproach to subjective evaluation is
4 . " F l o o r " r n c l r . r d c sa n v p t t i n t b c l o r v t h c b r e a t h i t t g t t n . .
5. As an altcmativc to using thc aborc valucs. E- niay bc rcgardcd as cqual to air changc
presentedin Appendix B. which may be used to validate
ctlectrrcncss dctcnrincd in accordance rlith ANSI,'ASHRAE Standard 129'o lbr the acceptabilityof perceivedair quality in the completed
all air distribution conltgurations cxccpt unidircctional flow.
building.
TABLE6-3 SystemVentilationEtficiency d. Application of one of the precedingdesign approaches(a,
b, or c) to specific contaminantsand the use of the Venti-
Nlax (Zp) Ev lation Rate Procedure to addressthe general aspectsof
<0.15 1.0 indoor air quality in the spacebeing designed.In this siru-
ation, the Ventilation Rate Procedure would be used to
< 0 .2 5 0.9
determine the design ventilation rate of the spaceand the
< 0 .3 5 0.8 IAQ Procedurewould be used to addressthe control of
< 0 .4 5 0.7 the specific contaminants through air cleaning or some
other means.
<0.55 0.6
>0.55 UseAppendix
A 6.3.2 Documentation. When the IAQ Procedureis used.
l . " N 4 a x Z r , " r c l c r s t o t h c l a r g c s t v a l u c o l ' Z - r , .c a l c u l a t c d r " r s i n gE q u a t i o n 6 - 5 . a m o n g a l l the following infbmration shall be included in the designdoc-
thc zoncs scrrcd b1'thc s1'stcnt.
l . I ' o r r . a l t r c so f { , b c t w c c n 0 . l 5 a n d 0 . 5 5 . o n c n r a v d e t c r r n i n c t h c c o r r c s p o n d i n g v a l u c umentation: the contaminantsof concern consideredin the
of 6, b1 intcrpolating thc ralucs in thc tablc.
'fhc design process,the sources and source strengths of the con-
-1. valucs ofE, in this tablc arc bascd on a 0.15 a\cragc outdoor air fraction fbr thc
s y s t e ' m ( i . r - . . t h c r a t i o o f t h c i r l k ' o r r e < ' t e do u t d o o r a i r i n t c t k c I j , , , t o t h c t o t a l : o n c taminants of concern, the target concentration lintits and
p r i n t u r ' . t a i r l l o v f b r a l l t h e z o n c s s c r v c d b y t h c -a i r h a n d l c r ) . F o r s y s t c m s r v i t h h i g h c r exposure periods and the ref-erencesfor these limits. the
v a l u c s o f t h c a \ c r a g e o u t d o o r i r i r l i a c t i o n . t h i s t a b l e -n r a y r e - s u l ti n u n r c a l i s t i c a l l y l o u '
ralucs of f,. and thc'usc of Appcndix A may'vicld nrorc practical rcsults. designapproachused to control the contaminantsof concern.
and the backgroundor justification for this design approach.
visitors. For the purposesof this procedure,acceptableper- Ifthe designis basedon an approachthat has proved success-
ceived indoor air quality excludes dissatisfaction related to ful for similar buildings, the documentationshall include the
thermal comfoft, noise and vibration, lighting, and psycho- basis for concluding that the design approachwas successful
logical stressors. in the other buildingsand the basisfor concludingthat the pre-
6.3.1 Designsemploying the IAQ Procedureshall comply vious buildings are relevantto the new design.If contaminant
with the requirementsin the following sections. monitoring and occupant evaluation are to be used to demon-
6 . 3 . 1 . 1 C o n t a m i n a n t S o u r c e s . C o n t a m i n a n t so f c o n - stratecompliance,then the monitoring and evaluationplans
cern for purposesof the design shall be identified. For each shall also be included in the documentation.

l6 A N S I , ' A S H R A FS:t a n d a r 6d 2 , 1- 2 0 0 1
 TABLE6-4 MinimumExhaustRates

ExhaustRate, ExhaustRate, ExhausRt ate. ExhaustRate. Air

OccupancyCategorv Notes
cfm/unit cfmlftz L/s'unit L/s.m2 Class

Arenas 0.50 I

Art classrooms Cr.70 3.5 2

Auto repairrooms 1.50 1.5 2
Barbershops Cr.50 2.5 2

Beautyandnail salons Cr.60 3.0 2

Cellswith toilet 1.00 5.0 2

Cop)'.printingroonrs ct.50 2.5 2

Darkrooms 1.00 5.0 2
Educationalsciencelaboratories 1.00 5.0 2,

Janitorclosets,trashrooms.recycling r.00 5.0 3

Kitchenettes 0.30 1.5 2

Kitchens-commercial 0.70 3.5 2

rooms
Lockcridressing (t.25 1.25 2

Lockerrootlts 0.50 2.5 2

A
Paintspraybooths a

garagcs
Parkin-u 0.15 -)./
1 1
2

Petsliops(animalareas) 0.90 4.5 2

Refrigeratingrnachineryroonts F 3

kitchens
Residential 50/l 00 G 25t50 2

Soiledlaundrystorageroolrls r.00 F 5.0 3

Storagerooms,chemical 1.50 F 7.5 1

Toilets-private 25150 E, 12.5125 2

Toilets-public 50t70 D 25t35 2

')( 2
Woodworkshopiclassrooms 0.50
A S t a n c i su h c r c c n g t n c s a r c r u n s h a l l h a r , c c x h a u s t s - y s t c m st h a t d i r c c t l y - c o n n c c t t o t h c c n g i n c c x h a u s t a n d p r c v c n t c s c a p c o ( ' l l n t c s
B\\'hcnconlbustioncquipnrcntiSintcndcdtobcuscdonthcplayingsurf-acc;rcidititlnaldilutionr'cntilationaId,'orstlurcc
C E x h a u s t n o t r c q u i r c d i f t r v o o r n r o r c s i d c s c o m p r i s c w a l i s t h a t a r e a t l c a s t 5 0 9 ' oo p c n t o t h c o u t s i d c .

rttc lriav hc ttscd othcrt tsc.

E Ratc
u s i - -t h c h i g h c r r a t c .
F S e - co t h c r a p p l t c a b i c s t a n d a r d s l b r c x h a u s t r a t c .
G For continuous s)'stsnr opcration, thc lorvcr ratc ma), bc uscd. Othcnvisc us: thc hig,hcrratc.

6.4 DesignDocumentationProcedures.Designcriteriaand of nroi sture

rai n and othersources by appropriatin-
e t r ansit
assumptions shallbedocumented andshouldbemadeavailable andon-siteprocedures. Porousmaterialswith visiblemicro-
ofthe systemwithina reasonable
for operation timeafterinstal- bial growthshallnot be installed.Nonporousmaterialswith
lation.See Sections4.3, 5.2.3,5.17.4,and 6.3.2 regarrding visiblemicrobialgrowthshallbe decontaminated.
assumptions thatshouldbe detailedin the documentation. 7.1.4 Protectionof OccupiedAreas
7.1.4.1 A ppl i cati on.Therequi rements
of S e ct ion7. 1. 4
7. CO NS T RU C T IONA N D S YS T EM S T AR T.U P
apply when constructionrequiresa building permit and
7.1 ConstructionPhase entailssanding,cutting,grinding,or otheractivitiesthatgen-
7.1.1 Application.Therequirements of thissectionarpply eratesignificantamountsof airborneparticlesor procedures
to ventilation
systemsandthespaces theyservein newbuild- thatgenerate significantamountsof gaseous contantinants.
ingsandadditionsto or alterations in existingbuildings. 7.1.4.2 Protective Measures. Measures shall be
7.1,2 Filters.Systemsdesigned with particlefiltersshall employedto reducethe migrationof construction-generated
not be operatedwithout filtersin place. contaminantsto occupied areas.Examples of acceptablemea-
7.1.3 Protectionof Materials.When recommended by suresinclude,but arenot limitedto, sealingthe construction
buildinsmaterialsshallbe protectedfrom
the n-ranufacturer. areausingtemporarywalls or plasticsheathing, exhausting

A N S I A S H R A ES t a n d a r 6
d2 . 1 - 2 0 0 1
the construction area. and/or pressurizing contiguous occu-
pied areas.
7.1.5 Air Duct System Construction. Air duct systems
shall be constructed in accordance with the followins stan-
dards.as applicable:
a. The following sectionsof SMACNAs 11ZlC Duct Con-
strttction Stanclarcls Metal anclFle.rible;11
. Section Sl.9j of Section 1.6, Duct Constructionand
lnstallationStandards
. Section 2.6, lnstallation Standardsfor Rectangular
Ducts Using Flexible Liner
. Section3.5, Duct InstallationStandards
. Section3.6. Specificationfor Joining and Attaching
Flexible Duct
. Section 3.1, Specification for Supporting Flexible
Duct
. S e c t i o n s5 6 . l . 5 6 . 3 , 5 6 . 4 , a n d 5 6 . 5 o f S e c t i o n6 . l ,
Casing and Plenum ConstructionStandards
b. All sectionsof SMACNA's Fi&r:ousGlass Duct Constntc-
tion StcrnclarclslS
c. ,t,lFPAg0A,te Srandartl./or the Installation of'Air-Condi-
tioning ancl Lentilating Systems, and NFPA 908,20Stan-
dard./br the Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air-
Conditioning St,slems
7,2 Start-Up
S,v"stem
7.2.1 Application. The requirementsof this sectionapply
to the following ventilation systems:
a. Nervly installed air-handling systems.
b. Existing air-handling systems undergoing supply air or
outdoor airfloll, reduction---only the requirements of Sec-
tion I .2.2 shall apply to thesealtered systems.
c. Existing air-handling distribution systems undergoing
alterations affecting more than 25o/oof the floor area
served by the systems--only the requirements of
Section 7 .2.2 shall apply to thesealteredsystems.
7.2.2 Air Balancing. Ventilation systems shall be bal-
anced in accordance with ASHRAE Standard I I I .21
SMACNA's II VAC S.vstems'-Te.sting, Adjusting and Balanc-
irg,22 or equivalent at least to the extent necessaryto verify
conformance with the total outdoor air flow and spacesupply
airflow requirements of this standard.
7.2.3 Testing of Drain Pans. To minimize conditions of
\t,ater stagnation that may result in microbial growth, drain
pans shall be field testedunder normal operating conditions to
ensure proper drainage.
Exception: Field testing of drain pans is not required if
units with factory-installeddrain pans have been certi-
fied (attestedin writing) by the manufacturer for proper
drainagervhen installedas recommended.
7,2,4 Ventilation System Start-Up. Ventilationair distri-
butron systemsshall be clean of dirt and debris.
7,2,5 Outdoor Air Dampers. Prior to occupancy,each
ventilation system shall be tested to ensurethat outdoor air
l8
dampers operate properly in accordance with the systerl
design.
7.2.6 Documentation. The following ventilation system
documentationshall be provided to the building owner or hisi
her designee,retainedwithin the building, and made ar ailable
to the building operatingpersonnel:
a. An operatingand maintenancemanual describingbasrc
data relating to the operation and maintenanceof ventila-
tion systemsand equipment as installed.
b. HVAC controls infomration consisting of diagrams,sche-
matics, control sequence narratives, and maintenance
and/or calibration information.
c. An air balance report documenting the work performed
for Section1.2.2.
d. Construction drawings of record, control drawings. and
final designdrawings.
e. Design criteria and assumptions.
8. OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
8.1 General
8.1.1 Application. The requirementsof this sectionapply
to buildings and their ventilation systemsand their compo-
nents constructedor renovated after the adoption date of this
section.
8.1.2 Operations and Maintenance. The ventilationsys-
tem shall be operatedand maintainedat a nrininrunrin accor-
dance with the provisions of this standard.
8.1.3 Building Alterations or Change-ol'-Use.Ventila-
tion system design, operation, and maintenance shall be
reevaluatedwhen changesin building use or occupancycate-
gory significant building alterations,significant chatrgesrn
occupant density,or other changesinconsistentwith systen-t
are made.
design assun"Iptions
8.2 Operations and Maintenance Manual. An Operations
and Maintenance (O&M) Manual, either written or elec-
and maintainedon site or in a cen-
tronic, shall be de'u'eloped
trally accessiblelocationfor the working life of the applicable
ventilation system equipment or components.This rnanual
shall be updatedas necessary.The manual shall include, at a
minimum, the O&M procedures, final design drawings.
O&M schedulesand any changesmade thereto.and the nrain-
tenancerequirementsand frequenciesdetailedin Section8.4.
8.3 Ventilation System Operation. Mechanical and natu-
ral ventilation systemsshall be operatedin a manner consis-
tent with the O&M Manual.
8.4 Ventilation System Maintenance
8.4.1 Ventilation System Components. The building
ventilation systemcomponentsshall be maintainedin accor-
dance with the O&M Manual or as required by this sectron
and summarized in Table 8- l.
8.4.1.1 Filters and Air-Cleaning Devices. All filters
and air-cleaningdevices shall be replaced or maintained as
specifiedby the O&M Manual.
ANSI/ASH RA E Standard62.l -2001
 TABLE 8-1 Minimum MaintenanceActivity and Frequency

Activit-v-'
ltem Minimum Frequencv
Code

F i l t e r s a n d a i r - c l e a n i n gd e v t c e s A Accordingto O&M Manual

Outdoor air danipers and actuators B with O&M Manual

Everythrecmonthsor in accordance

Hurnidifiers C with O&M Manual

E,verythreemonthso1'useor in accordance
Regularlywhen it is likely thatdehumidification
occursbut
Dehumidifi catiot-tcoils
no lessthanonceper yearor as spccifiedin the O&M Manual
Drain pans and other adjacent surfaces
or asspecifiedin the O&N,{Manual
Onceper yearduringcoolingseasott
subject to wetting

O u t d o o r a i r i n t a k e l o u v c r s .b i r d s c r e e n s .
Everysix motrthsor as specificdin theO&M ManuaX
r n i s t e l i m i n a t o r s .a n d a d j a c e n ta r e a s

Sensorsused for dynamrc with O&M Manual

Evcry six monthsor pcriodicallyin accordance
minimum outdoor air control

A i r - h a n d l i n g s y s t e m se x c e p t f o r u n i t s
Onceeveryfive y'cars
u n d c r 2 0 0 0 c f l n ( 1 0 0 0L ' s )

Cooling towers with O&M Manualor treatmentsystcmprovider

In accordance

F l o o r d r a i n s l o c a t e di n p l e n u m so r
I Periodicallyaccordingto O&M Manual
rooms that servcas air plenums

t c c e s s i blii t y
E q u i p r n e n t i c o m p o n c na J

V i s i b l e r ni c r o b i a l c o r t t a t n i l t a t i o n K

\Vater intrusion or accumulation K

ACTIVITY CODE:
A \larntain according to O&M Nlanual.
B \jisuallv inspcct or rcmotclv ntonitor fbr propcr litnctrorl.
C C i e - a na n d n t a i n t a t n t o l i n t i t f i r u l i n g a n d m i c r o b t a l g r o r v t h .
D \''isually,inspcct tirr clcanlincss and microbial grorith and clcan n'hcn fouling is obsc'ncd.
L. \'isual11 inspcct for clcanlincss and intcgrity and clcan rvhcn ncccssary'.
F \trif_r' accurac) and rccalibratc or rcplacc as ncccssary.

modrfrcd to bring thcm aborc 900./o r shall bc c\.aluatcd to dctcrminc if thc mcasurcd ratcs arc in conlbnnancc with this standafd.
H Trcat to lirnit thc grorvth of nricrobiological contaminants.
I l\laintain ltl pr!'\'cnt lranspotl of contaminants fiom thc floor drain to thc plcnum.
.l Kccp clcar thc spacc pror idcd lbr routinc maintcnancc and inspcction around vcntilation c-quipmcnt.
K lnrcstigatc and rcctify',

* Nlinirrum licqucncies mav bc incrcascd ordccrcascd if :ndicatcd in thc O&M Manual.

8.4.1.2 Outdoor Air Dampers. At a minimum of once
every three months or as specified in the O&M Manual, the
outdoor air dampersand actuatorsshall be visually inspected
or remotely monitored to verify that they are functioning in
accordancewith the O&M Manual.
8.4.1.3 Humidifiers. Humidifiers shall be cleanedand
maintainedto lirnit fouling and microbial growth. These sys-
tems shall be inspectedat a mininlum of once every three
months of operationandior treatedas specified in the O&M
Manual.
8.4.1.4 Dehumidification Coils. All dehumidifuing
cooling coils shall be visually inspectedfor cleanlinessand
microbial growth regularly when it is likely that dehumidifi-
cation occursbut no lessthan once per year or as specifiedin
the O&M Manual and shallbe cleanedwhen fouline or micro-
bial growth is observed.
8.4.1.5 Drain Pans. Drain pans shall be visually
inspectedfor cleanhnessand microbial growth at a minimum
of once per year during the cooling seasonor as specifiedin
the O&M Manual and shallbe cleanedif needed.Areas adja-
cent to drain pans that w'ere subjectedto wetting shall be
investigated,cleaned if necessary,and the cause of unin-
tendedwetting rectified.
8.4.1.6 Outdoor Air Intake Louvers. Outdoor alr
intake louvers, bird screens.mist eliminators. and adjacent
areasshall be visually inspectedfor cleanlinessand integrity
at a minimum of once every six months or as specifiedin the
O&M Manual and cleaneclas needed.When visible debris or
visible biological material is observed,it shall be removed.
Physicaldamageto louvers,screens.or mist eliminatorsshall
be repairedif such damage impalrs their function in prevent-
i n g c o n t a m i n a ne
t ntry.
8.4.1.7 Sensors. Sensors whose primary function is
dynamic minimum outdoor air control, such as flow stations
at an air handler and those used fbr demand control ventila-
tion, shall have their accuracy verified as specified in the
O&M Manual. This activity shall occur at a mininrum of'once
every six months or periodically in accordancewith the O&M

62.1-2001
A\SL ASHRAEStandard
Manual.A sensorfailingto meettheaccuracyspecified
in the 9fVfp,q-Zl I-2003, Stanclarcl Chintnet,s,Fireplaces, I'ents,
/or
O&M Manualshallbe recalibrated or replaced. and Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances. National Fire Pro-
8.4.1.8 Outdoor Airflow Verification.The totalquan- tection Association,Quincy, MA.
l0UL IBI, Fac:torv-Macle Air Ducts and Air Cttnnectors.9th
tity of outdoorair to air handlersexceptfor units under
2000cfm ( 1000L/s) of supplyair shallbe measured Edition, 1996. Underwriters' Laboratories.Inc.. North-
in nrini-
brook, IL.
mum outdoorair mode once every five years.If measured tt,4STM C 1338-00,Standarcl TestMethott./br Determining
mininum airflowratesarelessthanthedesignminimumrate
(-10% balancingtolerance) Fungi Resistanceo/'lnsulation Mctlerials und Facittgs.
documented in the O&M Man-
American Society for Testing and Materials. West Con-
ual. they be
shall adjustedor modified to bring them to the
shohocken.PA.
minimum designrate or evaluatedto determineif the mea- t 2 ( , l L 1 9 9 5 ,I l e a t i n g a n t l C o o l i n g E q u i p n t e n t , 2 n d E d i t i o n .
suredratesarein compliance with this standard.
1995.UnderwritersLaboratories,Inc., Northbrook, IL.
8.4.1.9 Cooling Towers.Coolingtowerwatersystems 13AMCA 500-L-gg, Laboratort, Methocls o/ ksting Louvers
shallbetreatedto limit thegrowthof microbiological
contam-
./br Rating. Air Movement and Control Association
inantsincludinglegionellasp. in accordancewith the O&M International,Inc. Arlington Ileights, IL.
Manualor thewatertreatment program. Ia,qMC,q51 1-99, CertifiectRuting.sPrutgruntjor Air Control

8. 4. 1. 10 E q u i p m e n t/C o mp o n e nAct c e ssi bi l i ty.The Devices. Air Movement and Control Association Inter-
s pac epr ov ide dfb r ro u ti n e m a i n te n a n c a
e n d i nspecti on national,Inc. Arlington lleights. IL.
lsrlVst/,lSULAE Stanclarct 52.2-1999, Methocl o/' ksring
aroundventilationequipment shallbe keptclear.
Generctl Ventilation Air Cleaning Devic'es.for Rentoval
8.4.1.11 Floor Drains. Floor drainslocatedin air ple-
E//icienc',,,b), Particle Size. American Society of Ileat-
numsor roomsthat serveas plenumsshallbe maintainedto
ing, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc..
preventtransportof contaminants
fiom the floor drainto the
Atlanta. GA.
plenum. t6.lwSt/l,SnnAE t29-1997 (R4 02), Measuring.4ir Chtutge
8,4.2 Microbial Contamination.Msible microbialcon- Effbc:tiveness. American Society of Heating, Refrigerat-
andrectified.
taminationshallbe investigated ing and Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc.. Atlanta, GA.
'' HVAC: Dttct Construction Standards-Metal and Flexible.
8.4.3 Water Intrusion. Waterintrusionor accumulation
systemcomponents
in ventilation suchasducts,plenums,and 2nd Edition, 1995. SheetMetal and Air Conditioning
air handlersshallbe investisated
andrectified. Contractors' National Association. Inc. (SMACNA).
Chantilly, VA.
lSFihror,t Gluss Duct Construclion Standards. 6th Editron.
9. REFERENCES
1992. Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Ciontractors'
l lVationalPrinrury:anclSec:ontlarl; lnl6ient Air Qualit.vStan- National Association.Inc. (SMACNA). Chantilly. VA
Codeof FederalRegulations,
dctrcls. Title 40 Part50 (40 |e wt,P,l-g(ll-2002, Standurd
./itr lhe Instal|ation o.f'Air-Con-
CF R 50) ,a s a m e n d e Jdu l y 1 ,2 0 0 4 .U .S.Envi ronmental ditioning antl Ventilating.lt:slerls. National Fire Protec-
Protection Agency. www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html, tion Association,Quincy, MA.
J u n e2 5 "2 0 0 5 .
ac c es s ed 20NFPA-70B-2002, Standard
/br the Installation o.f Warnt
2Uf,,,qC Air Duct Leakagekst Manual, First Edition, 1985. Air Heating and Air-Conditioning S),slems. National
SheetMetalandAir Condrtioning Contractors'Associa- Fire ProtectionAssociation.Quincy, MA.
2tASHRAE StanclurclI t t -t988, Pructices
tion.Inc.(SMACNA),Chantilly,VA, /br hfectsurement,
3lVtrP,q-+5- t 99I , Stanclartlon Fire Protection./br Laborato- Testing, Ad.jttsting, and Bctluncing q/' Building, Ileuring,
ries LtsingChemicals.NationalFire ProtectionAssocia- Ventilation, Air-C-onclitioning ctncl Re./rigerution 5r's-
tion.Quincy.MA. tems. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
a rlltst/,qtU,q 29.5-I 992,Standard Labnratort,Ventilatirn. Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc., Atlanta, GA.
./or 22HVAC S),stems-ksting, Acljusting antl Balunc.ing. 3rd
AmericanIndustrialHygieneAssociation, Fairfax,VA.
5Intlttsrrial['entiIution Edition, 2002. Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Con-
; A Mctnuulo/'Recommenclecl Practice,
t r a c t o r s 'N a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t r o n l, n c . ( S M A C N A ) . C h a n -
23rd Edition. 1988,AmericanCont-erence of Govem-
tilly, VA.
mentalIndustrialIlygienists(ACGIII), Committeeon
IndustrialVentilation, Lansing.MI. (This is a normative appendix and is part of the
62003ASHRAE Ilantlbook-Heating, Vemtilttting,ctnclAir-
standard.)
ConclitioningApplications.AmericanSocietyof Heat-
ing.Refrigerating andAir-Conditioning Engineers,Inc., N OR MA TIV EA P P E N D IXA
Atlanta.GA. MU LTIP LE .ZON ES Y S TE MS
lAl'lSI 2223.1/lvFPA-54-2002, l,lutional Fuel Gas Cocle. Thisappendixpresents analtemativeprocedure for calcu-
NationalFire Protection Association. Quincy,MA. latingthe sysleriventilutione.fficienc'.t,(8,,)
that mustbe used
slVfprl-31-:001,Installationo/' Oit-Burning Equipment. whenTable6-3 valuesarenot used.In this alternativeproce-
NationalFire Protection
Association"
Quincy.MA. dure,8,. is equalto the lowestcalculated valueof the ;ona

20 A N S I I ' A S H R A E S t a n d a r d6 2 . l - 2 0 0 7
ventilation e/ficienc.t, Er., (see Equation A-3 below).
Figure A.l containsa ventilation system schematicdepictinlq
most of the quantitiesused in thrs appendix.
The zone ttenlilatiott e.fficiencvEr., i.e., the efficienc'y
u,ith which a systenl distributesoutdoor air from the intake trr
an individual breathingzone, shall be calculatedusing Equa-
tionA-l or A-2.
S ingleS u p p l yS y s te mEr,-:
s liX, Zd
Equation A-l (or A-2) shall be used for "single supply"
systems,rvhere all the ventilation air is a mixture of outdoor
air and recirculatedair from a single location, e.g., Reheat,
Single-DuctVAV Single-FanDual-Duct, and Multizone.
GeneralCase E,- : (Fu + { ' Fn- Za' FJ/F,
EquationA-2 shall be used for systenrsthat provide all or
part of their ventrlationby recirculatingair from other zones
rvithoutdirectly mixing it with outdoor air, e.g.,dual-fandual-
duct. fan-powered mixing box. and transfer fans for confer-
ence rooms.
The system ventilation efficiency shall be calculated
u s i n g E q u a t i o nA - 3 .
E,. : minimum (Er-) (A-3)
AlternativeGalculations
(A-l)
The aboveequationsmay be rearrangedto calculateother
design parameters of interest based on known parameters.
This includes,but is not limited to, calculatingminimum:one
discharge (supply) ai4flow (Va-) when the outdoor air intake
.flov, V,,,is known.
Other mass or flow balanceequationsfor multiple zone
(A-2) systemsmay also be used,provided that they result in outcloor
air intake aijlov' (V,,,) th.atrs within 5uh of the airflorv value
obtained using the svste'm ttentilation e./ficiencvcalculated
using EquationA-3 or they more accuratelyrepresenta partic-
u l a r s v s t e mc o n f iq u r a t i o n .

Uxhaust Arr Reliet Air ()utdoor Arr lntake

i}rrmary
Recrrculated
Arr

Fully Mrxcd Fraction of

Secondary I{ccirculatr,rn
(Where Applicable)
E,(1-Ep)Vd,

vn, IbV-

(1-l:p)Vd".

Secondarl' Recirculation
(Where Applicable)

(t -E,)\/d,

Secondary
ILecirculation
I)irectly from Zone
(Whcrc Apphcablc) -R^P. ' R.A,
V-
(l -li'Xl -Iip)Vd,

FigureA.1 Ventilationsystemschematic.

A \ S l A S H R A f : S t a n d a L6d2 .l - 2 0 0 7
DesignProcess
The slslerr ventilation eflicienct' and, therefore, the
outdoor air intake for the system (V,,,) are determined as part
of the designprocessbasedon the designand minimum supply
flows to individual zones as well as the outdoor air require-
ments to the zones.In this process,the designershall assume
that the critical zone is at its nrinimum supply or discharge
airflow in VAV systems.
ltlote: The designer may increasethe zone supply flows
durin-ethe design process,particularly to the critical zones
requiring the highest fraction of outdoor air, and thereby
reduce the system outdoor air intake requirement determined
in the calculation.sometimesdramatically.
SelectingZonesfor Calculation
Since $)stern ventilation e.fficienc'v8,. is determined by
the n-rinimumvalue of the zone ventilation e//iciencv (Er.-.)in
accordancewith Equation A-3, calculationof Er,, is required
only for rhezone with the minimum value of Er,-at ventilation
design conditions.it is not required for any zone that clearly
has an E,- that is equal to or larger than that of the zone for
which a calculationhas been done. 8,,- for azone will have a
larger (or equal) value if all of the follou'ing are true relative
to the zone with minimum E,-:
I. Floor areaper occupant(A/Pr) is no lower
2. Minin-run'r:one discharge air.flou'rate per unit area(Va/A-)
is no lower
3. Pnmary air fraction {, is no lower
4. Zone air di,stributione.fJbctivenessE, is no lower
5. Area outdoor air rate R, is no higher
6. Peopleoutdoor air rate Ro is no higher
If all of the above six parametersare the samefor different
spacesor areas.then those spacesor areasmay be treatedas
a single zone for calculationof 8,.-.
Example: In office buildings it rs generallynecessaryto
calculate6,- for one typical interior zone.If overheadsupply
air is usedto heatthe penmeter,it is alsonecessaryto calculate
for the perimeter zone with the lowest supply airflow rate per
unit area.No other calculationsforE,.- aretypically necessary,
even if the building has 1000 zones,provided the ventilation
for any conference rooms is separatelycalculated.
Definitions
A- Zone Floor Area: the net occupiablefloor area of the
:one, ft2 ( m2 ).
D Occupant Diversitv: the ratio of the s))stempopulution
to the sum of the zone populations: D : Pr,EP.
Ep Prinrary air fraction to the zone'.Er,- Vor/V,t,@p: 1.0
for single-ductand single-;orzesystems).
E, In systems with secondary recirculation of return air,
fraction of secondaryrecirculated air to the zone that is
representativeof average system return air rather than
air directly recirculatedfrom the zone.
liote: For plenum return systemsrvith local secondary
recirculation (e.9., fan-powered VAV with plenunr
return). E,.. 1.0. For ducted return systemswith local
secondary recirculation (e.g., fan-powered VAV with
ducted return),typically t,.: 0.0.
22
E, System Ventilation Efficiency: the efficiency with
which the system distributesair from the outdoor air
intake to the breathing zone in the ventilation-critical
zone, which requiresthe largestfraction of outdoor air
in the primary air stream. 8,, is determined from
Table 6-3 or Equation A-3.
Ev?, Zone Ventilation Efficiency: the efficiency r,'u'ith
rvhich
the systemdistributesair from the outdoor air intake to
the breathingzone in a particular zone.E,- is determined
from EquationsA-l or A-2.
8". Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness (E-): a measure
of how effectively the zone air distribution uses its
s u p p l y a i r t o m a i n t a i n a c c e p t a b l ea i r q u a l i t y i n t h e
breuthing zone. E- is deterntined from Table 6-2.
Fa Fraction of supply air to tlte zone from sourcesoutside
the zone'.Fr,: Ep + (l - Ep) ' E,..
Fb Fraction of supply air to the zone from fully mixed
primary air: F1,,: Ep
Fc Fractionof outdoor air to the zr,tnefront sourcesoutside
t h ez o n e :F , , - | - ( l - E r ) ( t - t , ) ' ( l - E p ) .
Ps System Population: the maximum simultaneous
number of occupantsin the area servedby the system.
Where population fluctuates, it may be averaged as
d e s c r i b e di n S e c t i o n6 . 2 . 6 . 2 .
Zone Population: the largest number of people
Pz
expectedto occupy the zone during typical usage.If P-
is not known, it is detemrined from the default occupant
densities listed in Table 6- I . Where population
fluctuates, it may be averaged as described in
Section 6.2.6.2.
Ra Area Outdoor Air Rate: the outdoor airflow rate per
unit area to be provided in the breathingzone to dilute
contaminantsthat are emitted at a rate that is related
more to floor areathan to population.The valueof R,,for
a zone is detem-rinedfrom Table 6- I .
Rp People Outdoor Air Rate: the outdoor airflow rate per
person to be provided in the breathing zone to dilute
contaminantsthat are emitted at a rate that is related
more to population than to floor area.The value of R, for
azone is determinedfrom Table 6-1.
Vnr. Breathing Zone Outdoor Airflow: the outdoor airflow
required in the breathingzone of an occupiablespace.
Vtr: R7,P, + Ru' Az .
Va, Zone Discharge Airflow: The expected discharge
(supply) airflow to the zone that includes prinrary
airflow and locally recirculatedairflow, cfm (Lis).
Vo, Outdoor Air Intake Flow: the design outdoor airflow
requiredat the ventilation systemoutdoor air intake.
Voo Uncorrected Outdoor Air Intake: The outdoor arr
intake flow required if the system ventilation efficiency
E , .w e r e 1 . 0 .V o u : D ' I ( R p P r l .+ L ( R , ' A r ) .
Vo, Zone Outdoor Airflow: the design outdoor airflow
required in the zone. i.e., I/,,-: Vtr/E, .
Vo, System Primarv Airflow: The total prin-rary airflow
supplied to all zones senredby the system from the air-
handling unit at which the outdoor air intake is located.
Vnr: L Vrr. rn cfm (L/s).
. t a n d a r 6d 2 .I - 2 0 0 7
A N S I ' A S H R A FS
Vo, Zone Primary Airflow: The primaryairflow suprplied
to the zone from the air-handlingunit at which the
outdoorair intake is located,L/s (cfm). It includes
outdoor intake air and recirculatedair from that air-
handlingunit but doesnot includeair transferredor air
recirculated
to thezoneby othermeans.
X, AverageOutdoor Air Fraction: At the primary air
handler.the fractionof outdoorair intakeflow in the
systemprimaryairflow,X, : V,,u/Vor.
Zd Dis c harg eOu td o o r Ai r F ra c ti o n : T h e outdoorai r
fraction required in air dischargedto the ,zone,
Za - VurlVt .
Note: For VAV systems,V4,is the minimumexpected
dischargeairflow for designpulposes.
(This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merely
informative and does not contain requirements necessary
for conformance to the standard. It has not been
processed according to the ANSI requirements lbr a
standard and may contain material that has not been
subject to public review or a consensus process.
Unresolved objectors on informative material arer not
offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)
INFORMATIVE APPENDIXB
SUMMARY OFSELECTED
A I R Q U A L I T YG U I D E L I N E S
If particular contanrinantsare of conceffr or if the IAQ
Procedureis to be used.acceptableindoor concentrationsand
exposuresare neededfor the particular contaminants.When
using this procedure,theseconcentrationand exposurevalues
need to be documentedand justified by referenceto a c,rgni-
zant authority as defined in the standard.Such guidelinesor
other limiting values can also be useful for diagnostic
purposes.At present.no single organizationdevelopsaccept-
able concentrationsor exposuresfor all indoor air contami-
nants. nor are values available for all contaminanrlsof
potential concern.A number of organizationsoffer guideline
values for selected indoor air contaminants.These values
have been developedprimarily fbr ambient air, occupational
settings. and, in some cases,for residential settings. They
should be applied rvith an understandingof their basir;and
applicability to the indoor environment of concern. [f an
acceptableconcentrationor exposurehas not been publtLshed
for a contaminantof concern.a value ma1'bederivedthrough
review of the toxicological and epidemiological eviilence
using appropriateconsultation.Ilowever, the evidencewith
respect to health effects is likely to be insufficient for many
contaminants.At present,there is no quantitativedefinition of
acceptableIAQ that can necessarilybe met by measuringone
o r n r o r ec o n t a n r i n a n t s .
TableB- I presentsselectedstandardsand guidelinesused
in Canada,Germany, Europe, and the United Statesfor accept-
able concentrationsof substancesin ambient air. indoor air.
and industrial workplace environments. These values are
issued by cognizant authorities and have not been developed
or endorsedby ASI IRAE. The table is presentedonly as back-
A\Sl, ASHR,A.L Standard 62.\ -2007
ground information when using the IAQ Procedure.Special-
ized expertiseshould be sought before selectinga value for use
in estimating outdoor airflow ratesusing the IAQ Procedureor
for building design or diagnostics purposes. Meeting one.
some.or all of the listedvaluesdoesnot ensurethat acceptable
IAQ (as defined in this standard)will be achieved.
Table B-2 lists concentration values of interest for
selected contaminants as general guidance for building
design, diagnostics,and ventilation system design using the
IAQ Procedure.The valuesin the table are basedon cognizant
authorities and studies reporled in peer-reviewedscientific
publications;ASHRAE doesnot recommendtheir adoptionas
regulatory values, standards, or guidelines. The table is
presentedas further background when using the IAQ Proce-
dure. Consultationshould be soughtbefore selectinga panic-
ular value for use in calculating ventilation using the IAQ
Procedure.Meeting one, some,or all of the listed valuesdoes
not ensurethat acceptableIAQ will be achieved.
Selectionof a specific targetconcentrationand exposure
is best made by a team with wide experiencein toxicology.
industrialhygiene,and exposureassessment. As they revieu'
the specific concentrationslisted in Tables B-l and B-2. or
otherstaken from other sources.designersshould be mindful
of the following:
. Standards and guidelines are developed for different
purposesand should be interpretedwith referenceto the
setting and purpose fbr which they were developedcom-
pared to that to which they are being applied.
. Not all standardsand guideline values recognize the
presenceof susceptiblegroups or addressfypical popu-
lations fbund in occupancieslisted in this standard.
. M o s t s t a n d a r d sa n d g u i d e l i n e s d o n o t c o n s i d e r i n t e r -
a c t i o n s b e t w e e n a n d a m o n g v a r i o u s c o n t a m i n a n t so f
concern.
. The assumptions and conditions set forth by the stan-
dard or guideline may not be met in the space or for the
occupants being considered (such as 8-hour day. 40-
hour work week).
When many chemicals are present in the air. as they
almost always are in indoor air, then some way of addressing
potentialinteractionof thesechemicalsis warranted.For addi-
tive effectsand exceptions.the readeris referredto ACGIH for
guidanceon the subject.B-l
GuidelineValuesfor IndustrialEnvironments
ACGIII threshold
limit values,or TLVsE,havebeen
applied to industrial workplace air contaminants.B-l(Refer-
ence B-2 is the German countetpart.)The ACGIII TLVsB
representmaximum acceptable8-hour, time-weighted aver-
a g e( T W A ) , l 5 - m i n u t e s h o r t - t e r me x p o s u r el i m i t ( S T E L ) a n d
(ceiling) caselimits. It is a sourceof concentra-
instantaneous
tion limits for many chemical substancesand physical agents
for industrial use. In light of the constantlychanging stateof
knowledge,the document is updatedannually.It cautionsthe
user."The values listed in this book are intended for use in the
practice of industrial hygiene as guidelinesor recommenda-
tions to assistin the control of potentialhealthhazardsand for
no other use."
Caution must be used in directly extending the ACGIH
TLVsI! or other workplace guidelines to spacescovered by
this standardand to population groups other than workers.
Industrialhealthpracticeattemptsto limit worker exposureto
injurious substancesat levels that do not interfere with the
industrial work processand do not risk the workers' health
and safety.There is not an intention to eliminate all effects,
such as unpleasant smells or mild irritation. Further, the
health criteria are not uniformly derivedfbr all contaminants.
Irritation. narcosis.and nursanceor other forms of stressare
not uniformly consideredas the basis for the concentration
lirnits. This is becausedifferent organizationsuse different
end points and different contaminantshave more or lessinfor-
mation availableon diverseend points of interest.The target
population is also different from the occupantsfound in the
spacescovered by this standard.Healthy industrial workers
tend to changejobs or occupationsif an exposurebecomes
intolerable.ln contrast.workers in commercial environments
such as offices often do not expectelevatedconcentrationsof
potentially harmful substancesin their work environments.
A1so.monitoring programsare unlikely to be in place,as may
be the case with industrial workplaces. In addition, the
general population may have less choice about where they
spendmost of their time and includesthosewho may be more
sensitive.such as children, asthmatics,allergic individuals,
the sick, and the elderly.
Guidelinesfor Substancesin OutdoorAir
Guidelines have been developed for outdoor air fbr a
number of chemrcalsand metals, as shown in many of the
references.These values,including some for metals,may be
appropriatefor some indoor environments,but they should be
applied only after appropriateconsultation.These guidelines
also provide guidanceconcerningthe quality of outsideair if
there is suspicionthat outdoor air nray be contaminatedwith
soecific substancesor if there is a known sourceof contami-
nation r-rearby.B-i
Regulationof OccupationalExposure
to AirborneContaminants
Regulations of occupational exposure to workplace
hazards are based on the results of accumulated experience
w,ith worker health and toxicological researchand carefully
evaluatedby groups of experls. Effects are examined in rela-
tion to exposure to the injurious substance. Exposure rs
defined as the n-rathematrcalproduct of the concentrationof
the contaminantand the time during which a personis exposed
to this concentration.Since concentrationmay vary with time,
exposure is typically calculated across the appropriate aver-
aging time, expressedas a TWA concentration,STEL, or ceil-
ing limit. Regulationsof the U.S. Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) are TWAs in most cases.
Industrial exposuresare regulatedon the basisof a 40-hour
workweek with 8- to I 0-hour davs.Durinc the remainderof the
).4
time, exposureis anticipatedto be substantiallylower for the
contaminantsof concem. Application of industrial exposure
limits would not necessarilybe appropriate for other indoor
settings,occupancies,and exposurescenarios.I{owever. for
certain contaminantsthat lack exposurelimits fbr a specific
nonindustrial target population, substantialdorvnward adlust-
ments to occupational limits have sometimesbeen used.
Substances Lacking Guidelines and Standards
For indoor contaminantsfor which an acceptableconcen-
trationand exposurevaluehas not beenestablishedby a cogni-
zant authority, one approach has been to assume that some
fraction of TLVG)is applrcableand would not lead to adverse
health effects or complaints in general populations. This
approachshould not be used without first assessingits suit-
ability for the contaminantof concern.In any event.if appro-
priate standardsor guidelinesdo not exist. expertisentust be
sought or research needs to be conducted to deterntine
contaminantconcentrationsand exposuresthat are acceptable.
SubjectiveEvaluation
Indoor air olten contains complex mixtures of contami-
I
nantsofconcem suchasenvironmentaltobaccosmoke.B-30'B-l
infectiousand allergenicbiologicalaerosols.B-32 and emissions
of chemicalsfrom commercial and consumerproducts.Precise
quantitativetreatmentof thesecontaminantscan be difficult or
impossiblein most cases.Chemicalcompositionalonemay not
always be adequateto reliably predict the reaction of building
occupants exposed to most common mixtures of substances
found in indoor air.There are many toxicologicalendpointsused
in assessingthe effectsfrom exposureto air contaminants.
Irritation of mucosal tissue such as that found in the
human nose, eyes, and the upper airways is one of the
endpointsoften used in assessingshoft-term exposureto air
contaminants.These irritation responsescan occur after the
"iritant receptor" is exposedto nonreactiveconrpounds"to
reactive compounds with a difl-erentpattem of dose-response
relationships,and through allergic and other immunologic
effects for which dose-responserelationshipshave not been
well defined. Susceptiblepopulations,i.e.. individuals with
atopy ("allergies") may report irritation at lower levels of
exposuresthan individuals without allergies. Other suscepti-
ble populations, such as the elderly and the young, may differ
from healthy adults in their responseto irritating and odorous
substances.
To some degree,adequacyof control may rest upon subjec-
tive evaluation.Panelsof obseryershave been used to perfomr
subjectiveevaluationof IAQ in buildings. Many contaminants
have odors or are irritants that may be detected by human
occupants or visitors to a space. Generally the air can be
consideredacceptablyfree of annoying contaminantsif 807o
of a panel consistingof a group of untrainedsubjectsexposed
to known concentrationsof contaminantsunder representative
controlledconditionsof use and occupancydeemsthe air not
to be objectionable.
When performing a subjective evaluation, an obsen'er
should enter the sDacein the manner of a normal visitor and
A N SI / ' A S H R A ES t a n d a r 6d 2 , 1- 2 0 0 7
should rendera judgment of acceptabilitywithin l5 seconds.
Each obsen'er should make the evaluation independently of
other obseruers and without influence from a panel leader.
Users of subjectiveevaluationmethods are cautionedthat they
only test odor and sensoryresponses.Some harmful contam-
inantsu'ill not be detectedby suchtests.Carbonmonoxide and
radonare two examplesof odorlesscontaminants that pose
significanthealth risks. To evaluatethe acceptabilityof
adapted persons (occupants),
anobservershouldspendat least
six minutes in the spacebefbre renderinga judgntent of
acceptabiliry.B-zs

Guidefor UsingTABLEB-1

The substances listedin TableB- I are common air contaminantsin industrialand nonindustrialenvironments.The values
summarized in this table are from various sourceswith diverse proceduresand criteria fbr establishingthe values. Some are
for industrialenvironments(OSHA, M,AK, NIOSH, ACGIH), some are for outdoor environments(NAAQS). and othersare
general(WHO) or indoor residentialenvironment-related(Canadian)values. The followin-eexplanationsare intendedto
assistthe readerby providing a brief descriptionof the criteria each agencyused in adopting its guideline values.

. NAAQS: Outdoor air standardsdevelopedby the U.S. EPA under the Clean Air Act. By law, the values listed in these
regulations must be reviewed every five years. These concentrationsare selectedto protect not only the general popu-
lation but also the most sensitiveindividuals.
. OSHA: Enforceable maximum exposuresfor industrial environmentsdeveloped by OSIIA (LI.S. Department of
Labor) through a formal rule-making process.Once an exposure limit has been set, levels can be changed only
through reopeningthe rule-n'rakingprocess.These permissibleexposurelimits (PELs) are not selectedto protect the
most sensitiveindividuals.
. MAK: Recommended maximum exposures for industrial environments developed by the Deutsche Forschungs
Gemeinschaft,a German institution similar to the U.S. National Institutesof llealth and NIOSH. Levels are set on a
regular basis,u'ith annual reviews and periodic republicationof criteria levels.These levels are enforceablein Ger-
many and are not selectedto protect the most sensitiveindividuals.
. Canadian:Recommendedmaximum exposuresfor residencesdevelopedin 1987 and reaffirmedin 1995 by a commit-
tee of provincial members convenedby the federal govemment to establish consensusguideline-type levels. A revised
version is being considered.These are not intendedto be enforced.
. WHO/Europe: Environmental(nonindustrial)guidelinesdevelopedin 1987 and updated in 1999 by the WHO Office
for Europe (Denmark). Intended for application both to indoor and outdoor exposure.
. NIOSFI: Recon,mendedmaximum exposureguidelinesfor industrialenvironmentsare developedby NIOSH (Centers
forDisease Control) and publishedin a seriesof criteria documents.NIOSH criteria documentscontain both a rel'iert'
of the literatureand a recommendedexposurelimit (REL) guideline.These are not enforceable,are not reviewedreg-
ularly. and are not selectedto protect the most sensitiveindividuals.In some cases.they are set at levels above those
deemedprotectiveof health becausecommonly availableindustrialhygiene practice does not reliably detectthe sub-
stancesat lower levels.(Note that methodsused in nonindustrialsettingsare often more sensitivethan NIOSII meth-
ods for industrialhygiene measurements.)
. ACGIH: Recommendedmaximum exposuresfor industrial environmentsdevelopedby ACGIFI's Threshold Limit
''
Values (TLVs ) Conrmittee.The committee reviews the scientific literature and recomntendsexposureguidelines.
The assumptionsare for usual industrialworking conditions.40-hour weeks, and single exposures.Surveillanceprac-
tices for both exposuresand biological responsesare often in place in the rvork environments where these levels are
*
used. These levels are not selectedto protect the most sensitiveindividuals.About half of the TLVs are intendedto
protect againstirritation. Publishedstudieshave shown that many of the TLVs" intendedto protect againstirritation
IJ-34
acrually representlevels where some or all of the study subjectsdid report irritation.ts-33'

The table is not inclusiveof all contaminantsin indoor air, and achievingthe listed indoor concentrationsfor all of the
listedsubstancesdoesnot ensureodor acceptability,avoidanceof sensoryirritation,or alladversehealtheffectsfor all occu-
pants.In addition to indoor contaminantlevels,the acceptabilityof indoor air also involvesthermal conditions.indoor mois-
ture levels as they impact microbial growth, and other indoor environmental factors. ASHRAE is not selecting or
recommendingdefault concentrations.
Users of this table should recogniz.ethatunlisted noxious contaminantscan also causeunacceptableIAQ with regard
to comfort (sensoryirritation). odors, and health. When such contaminantsare known or might reasonablybe expectedto
be present.selectionof an acceptableconcentrationand exposuremay require referenceto other guidelinesor a revier.l,.and
evaluationof relevanttoxicological and epidemiologicalliterature.

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tr.^ i i = i2j r $ ,e -- I 6t J 9- i t r
! v

.O - a c: \) =:
d ! = ( E r) lIJ
== 2 P r o - - - ;
/, Ezy13= =5 ?X A E 9
P *9:!
L t / 1 U

S P ; _' a : r = : A . ' - i - . -

o o -
gFE
& ! aa=:t=
-
=

t
= = I / :

; F - ^ V
J
- t s

; € ! i
- * L

o F ( E
a
c J - u () 2'2>
- - . ? ! : J
2 q o q
a : a t \ !

- - x
(E
c 9 *
(/):
a)
i E * E ;i i E r y E
.'a-..
>'= tr lo^ L"^- ;l
t- ; r a F
V
!

? q)io + P =? i i 2
='.F
z ^ .
? C
C)
ee
I
a
U 0) ? y = ' : " = * l t CIJ
t
G.= ,^ l r - r * - -
ar 50 ar
E : 6 c 6 7 t i ; c 3 - Y . a 9 X c . ;
F 6 F r ^ 4 | ; - ^ L=' zri: - h
O , n 5
o i = B ; . == i ?e
€ . = X " 4 1 , 7 i ' ' F si
- t s
?. il

2 n >T y =i E 5
a a
r
E ; (f 6i . = 4- E :
o ; - i - j - r 2
- E E ;
( J = =
g 6 : x
- 7 = = y . r a ? ? = =
o .-
( J - ,
6-2
4

o 9.9
X = i = = / = , t \ ? *
= , ^ : : ;
v L
.=
(/)bor
O
a F 3 : : l = - z u ! a l u _ E =
( ) . e h C O =
]-
-l

L Q o - : i = z , i ! i = P -l

O . ' O
r F F o E * Z = 7 = \ = = L =
o * =
ac
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= G c r : - = r ^ t Z i E
: : - e =
# 9 a = o
j-.

9 . q * c)
; s : - 6 Z u ^
9
9
-
h
t
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-
v
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r . E - c Q - .
. - i t : d
, L .
l ' a - ' a ? =
bo g : E = 7 , 3 = 2 r - E . :i E E r
r ^
=
= y J = ' , . *
, u = i . = ! > = ' 2 7 1+ 9 r i - r -

o F d f
z i Z = l = : = * ; - - 9
v
V
.
-
^ *

-> ., 8= -r ;=: 3u o. ai o
' ! ; 3 O
:= r,5
s o i
- = = ? y : x( 9'
j
)2 : = =
I D

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E =B
'9
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/ 4
A
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! = . = d
> v
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€ ')=
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= .r.

= = + U 1
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) r n 2 L =
! D : = = t ;
i = t - P . ; ' vi i )
$ 6 o r ?,- s - - > ;'d , : E (Ja
c05E
(a) &
htr €
IIJ9S U D
a
J o.rn
o € 5
4 c . - t S
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t C .t ; j a
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= =
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o.

a a ,f,,
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CJ
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c.)
! O .:.-
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- a 1

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E h-r , !- HL
9 !
? . '
c)
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-i C r v. .= - * ^ - ' - - + 6 - -
=

? : = -
--
ta: -l

- !

L L
4 -o e ,hZ
= cJ e a 7 = c : ? i J N = i I

q !,) : - - - L - - i - ! + - + \ l

ai i ! - :
t Y
E , = = Y E - a . , . = . - ^ u F. r- , - a
, T = Y E ? a . - Y = . = e j, = v ! A : !

= ^.;--
= F C J =
a Z
v V

U > O
-
z - Q z t )
= N a
: : 1 > > >
= a =
= a - - - -

€ a d - , '- aC= tz ! z! z2 z
.a : ' c ^ d

2 / - - - -
a ) ^
: = ^ ,-.;ex
\o o = ,'". 9 . ez ; - ^ r
c

O
c

A
E

f , z - - - ^
* , 1 < I

, - X - l ; s c y d r e L ^
u > , - a E / / / /
t z . = . Y \ J J r t = a = P{rhS,
- , r 9 . - e A . - )
!
,;,o.n r - ^ r , l -
r ' \ ) \ ) -

ANSI ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007

REFERENCES
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Substonces anel Phvsical Agents and Biologic,al Expo-
sure Indices. American Conference of Governmental
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8-6. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2004. Code o.f
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Provinciol Advison, Committeeon Environnrcntaland
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B-12. Commission of the European Communities. 1992.
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B-13. NIOSH. 2004. \OSH Pocket Guide to Chemical I'{az-
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B - 1 4 . S h i e l d s ,H . C . , D . M . F l e i s c h e ra. n d C . J .W e s c h l e r 1
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l0
U.S. commercial buildings with different occupant
d e n s i t i e sI.n d o o r A i r 6 ( l | . 2 - l l .
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English Guide To The Clean Air Ac't. EPA Offrce of
Air Quality Planning and Standards.www.ep&.gov,/
oar/oaqps/peg_caal pegcaaI I .htm l.
B - 1 9 . U . S . E n v i r o n m e n t a lP r o t e c t i o nA g e n c y . 1 9 8 8 .I l e u l t h
and Environmental Ef/bcts Profile .fbr Formalclehvde.
EPA/600/x-851362. Environmental Criteria and
AssessmentOffice. Office of Health and Environmen-
tal Assessment,Office of Researchand Development.
Cincinnati, OH.
B-20. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Forntalcle-
h),de; Ilazard Suntmarv. Technology Transfer Net-
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hlthef/formal de.html.
B-21. llodgson, A.T. 1995.A review and a limited compari-
son of methods for measuring total volatile organic
compoundsin indoor air. In IncloorAir,Yol.5, No. ,1.
B-22. Brown, S., M.R. Sim, M.J. Abrantson,and C.N. Gray.
1994.Concentrationsof volatile organiccontpoundsin
indoor air-A review, p. 123-34.In Indoor Air, Yol. 4.
B-23. Daisey, J.M., A.T. Hodgson. WJ. Fisk. M.J. Mendell.
and J. Ten Brinks. 1994. Volatile organic compounds
in twelve california office buildings: Classes,concen-
trations, and sources, p. 3551-62. In Atmospheric
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B - 2 4 .N i e l s e n e t a l . 1 9 9 8 . I n H . L e v i n ( E d . ) , I n d o o r A i r
Guideline Values.fbr Orgcnic Acitls, Phenols, und Gl.t'-
c o l E t h e r s . l n d o o r A i r S u p p l e m e n t5 / 1 9 9 8 . M u n k s -
gaard,Copenhagen.
B-25.Anonymous. 1999. .Iane'.s Chem-Bio Ilttndbook.
Jane'sInformation Group. Alexandria, Virginia.
8-26. Anderson. K., J.V. Bakke, O Bjorseth, C.-G. Borne-
hag, G. Clausen.J.K. Hongslo. M. Kjelln-ran,S. Klrr-
gaard, F. Levy, L. Molhave. S. Skerfving and J.
Sundell. 1997. TVOC and Ilealth in iVon-lnclustrial
Indoor Environmeills. Report from a Nordic Scientific
Consensus Meeting at LAngholmen in Stockholm.
1996. ln Indoor Air, Yol T:78 91.
B-21 . European Collaborative Action . kttal Volatile Orgunic
Compotmds (TVOC1 in Indoor ,4ir Quulit.t,Int,estigtt-
t i o n s ,R e p o r tN o . l 9 ( E U R 1 1 6 7 5E N ) . J o i n t R e s e a r c h
Centre,Environment Institute,EuropeanCommissron.
Ispra, ltaly.
6 2 . 1- 2 0 0 1
A N S I ,A S H R A E S t a n d a r d
B-28. Wolkoff. P.. P.A. Cllausen,B. Jensen.G.D. Nielsen and B -4l .B roadw i n,R . 2000. D evel opment of an d Uses of
C.K. Wilkins. 1997. Are we measuring the relevant Health-based ExposureLevelsfbr IndoorAir Contam-
indoor pollutants'!. pp. 92- 106. In Indoor Air, Yol. I . inants. California Office of EnvironmentalI{ealth
B-29. Gunnarsen,L. and P.O. Fanger. 1992. Adaptation to llazard Assessment, Atr Toxics and Epidemiology
indoor air pollution, pp. 43-54.In EnvironmentInter- Section,Oakland,CA. Presented at the lOth Annual
n a t i o n a l ,V o l . 1 8 . Conferenceof the IntemationalSocietyof Exposure
B-30. National institutes of Safety ancl Health (NIOSH). Analysis, October 24-27, Asilomar, CA. Abstract
1991. Environmental TobaccoSmoke in the Workplace. #5A-15p.
B-31. California Environmental Protection Agency B-42.lntemational Agencyfor Research on Cancer(IARC).
(CalEPA). 1997. Ilealth E//bcts o.f'Exposure to Envi- 2004.Monograph.s on the Et,uluationo/ Carcinogenit'
ronnrcntal Tobacco Smoke, Sept. Available at: www. Risftsto llttmans:Formaldehvtle, 2-Butoxvethunol und
oehha.ca.gov/air/environmental-tobacco/finalets.html. l-tert-Butox,y,2-propanol 88:2-9 (June). rvwu'.cie.
B-32. ACGIII. 1999. Bioareosols:Asses'sment and Control. iarc.frlhtdocs/announcements/vol8 8.html.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial B-43.California Air Resources Board. 2005. Cali/brniu
Hygienists.Cincinnati. Ambient Air Qualitv Stunda'tls. Sacratnento.CA.
B-33. Roach, S.A and S.M. Rappoport. 1990. But they are www.arb.ca. gov/research/aaqs/caaqs/caaqs.html.
not thresholds:A critical analysis,the documentation
B-44.Hodgson,A.T., and H. Levin.2003.VolatileOrganic
of threshold limit values, pp. 727-53. In American
Compoundsin Indoor Air: A Reviewof Concentra-
Journal of-lndustrial Medicine,Yol. 17. tions Measuredin North America Since 1990.LBL
B-34. Castleman.B.l and G.E. Ziem. 1988. Corporateinflu- Report51715,April 2003.http:i/eetd.lbl.gov/iedipdf,'
ence on threshold lin-ritvalues, pp. 531-59. In Am. J. L B N L - 5l 7 l 5 . p d f .
Intl. Metl. Vol. 13.
B-45.Hodgson,A.T., and H. Levin. 2003.Classification of
B-35. Bluyssenet al. 1996.Europeanindoor air quality audit Based
MeasuredIndoorVolatileOrganicCompounds
project in 56 offrce buildings.In Indoor Air. Yol. 6.
on NoncancerHealth and Comfort Considerations.
B-36. California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
LBL Report53308.LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLab-
Environmental Health IIaz,ard Assessment. 1999.
oratory,September2003. http:i/eetd.lbl.gov/ied/pdfi
Acute Re.fbrenceExposttre Level (RELs). Air Tbrics
LB N L-53308.pdf.
IIot Spots Progrctm Risk Ass'essmenlGuidelines. Part
II. Technicul Support Doamtent.fbr Describing Avail- B-46.EuropeanCommission.2004.Critical Apprai'salo./the
uble Canc'er Potency Factors. OE,HHA, Sacramento, Settingand Intplementationoflndoor ExposureLimits
CA. Available at www.oehha.orglairlacute-rels/allA- in theEU (THE IIVDEXProject):Sumnrur.t' of Recont-
mendations and Management Options. In Draft. Joint
cRELs.html.
B-.\7. California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
ResearchCentre.Institutefor Flealthand Consumer
Environmental }lealth Hazard Assessment. 2005. Air Protection.Physicaland Chemical ExposureUnit.
Toric's Hol Spots Program Risk Assessntenl Guide- Ispra,Italy.
lines, Part III, Technical Support Document ./br the
Detennination o.f'NoncanL'er C hronic Refbrence Expo- (This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merely
sure Levels, Califomia Environmental Protection informative and does not contain requirements necessarl'
Agency. Office of Environmental ttealth Hazards for conformance to the standard. It has not been
Assessment.Air Toxicology' and Epidemiology Sec- processed according to the ANSI requirements for a
tion, February 2005 (or most recent edition). Available standard and may contain material that has not been
at : wu'w. oehha.org/air/chron ic-re ls/allChrels.htnll. subject to public review or a consensus process.
Unresolved objectors on informative material are not
B-38.Womble S.E., E.L. Ronca. J.R. Girman, and II.S.
offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)
Brightman. 1996.Developing baselineinformation on
b u i l d i n g sa n d i n d o o r a i r q u a l i t y ( B A S E ' 9 5 ) , p p . 1 0 9 -
17. In Proceedings cl IAQ 96/Paths to Better Building
C
I N F O R M A T I VAEP P E N D I X
Ent,ironments/Health S.vntploms in Building Occu-
RATIONALE FORMINIMUMPHYSIOLOGICAL
pants, Atlanta, Georgia. REQUIREMENTS AIR
FORRESPIRATION
B-39. Fladwen. G.E.. J.F. McCarthy, S.E. Womble, JR Gir-
BASEDON CO2CONCENTRATION
man. and H.S. Brightnran. 1991.Vblatile organic com- Oxygen is necessaryfor metabolism of food to sustain
pound concentrationsin 4l office buildings in the life. Carbon and hydrogen in foods are oxidized to CC), and
continentalUnited States,pp. 465-70. In J.E. Woods. I I2O, which are eliminated by the body as waste products.
D.T. Grintsrud, and N. Boschi, (Eds.), Proceedings: Foods can be classifiedas carbohydrates,flats,and proteins.
I lealthy Buildings/lAQ'g7.Washington,DC: Vol. 2. and the ratio of carbon to hydrogen in each is somewhatdiffer-
B-40. Apte, M.G. and J.M. Daisey. 1999. VOCs and "sick ent. The respiratory quotient (RQ) is the volumetric ratio of
building syndrome": Application of a new statistical carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed. It varies from
approach for SBS research to US EPA BASE study 0.71 for a diet of 100% fat to 0.8 for a diet of 100% proteinand
data, pp. lll-22.In Proceedingsof'lndoor Air 99: The I .00 for a diet of 100% carbohydrates(see ReferenceC-l ). A
Bth International Con/brence on Indoor Air Qualit"v value of RQ:0.83 appliesto a normal diet mix of fat. carbo-
and Clinutte, Eclinbur"sh,Scotland, S-13 August. Vol. L hydrate, and protein.

62.1-2001
A\Sl ASHRAEStandard
 Therateat whichoxygenis consumed andcarbondioxide resultingsteady-stateCO2concentration relativeto thatin the
is generateddepends on physicalactivity.Theserelationships outdoorair is
areshownin FigureC.2 (seeReference C-2).The breathing
Cr- Cn- NIV(,
rateis shownalso.A simplemassbalanceequationgivesthe
: 0 . 3 1l ( 7 . 5x 6 0 s / m i n )
outdoorairflow rateneededto niaintainthe steady-state
CO2
concentrationbelowa sivenlimit. : 0.000689 L of C O, D erL of ai r
vo: lvl(cs- C,,) (c-l) : 700ppm
where -fhus,
maintaininga steady-state CO2concentration rn a
tr'n outdoor airflow rate per person spaceno greaterthanabout700 ppm aboveoutdoorair levels
L'o breathing rate will indicatethata substantial majorityof visitorsenteringa
'V CO2 generationrate per person spacewill be satisfiedwith respectto humanbioeffluents
(bodyodor).A moredetaileddiscussion of this relationship
C, CO2 concentration in exhaled breath
betweenClOzconcentrations and the perceptionof bioefflu-
C, : CO2 concentration in the space
ents,as well as the use of indoorCO2to estimatebuilding
C,, CO2 concentration in outdoor arr ventilationrates.is contained in ASTM Standard D6245.c-8
For example, at an activity level of L2 met units ( 1.0 met C-O.rconcentrations in acceptableoutdoorair typically
- 18.4 Btu/h'ftr), correspondingto sedentarypersons,the CO2 rangefrom 300 to 500 ppm. F{ighCO2concentrations in the
generationrate is 0.31 Limin. Laboratory and field studieshave outdoorair can be an indicatorof combustionand/orother
shown that with sedentarypersonsabout 15 cfm (7.5 L/s) per contaminant sources.
personof outdoor air will dilute odors fronr human bioeffluents IrigureC.3 showsthe outdoorairflowraterequiredas a
to levels that will satisff a substantialmajority (about 80%) of functionof physicalactivityandsteady-state roomconcentra-
unadaptedpersons(visitors)to a space.c-3'c-4'c-5'c-6'c-7 If the tion. lf the activitylevelis greaterthan 1.2met,the required
ventilationrate is to be held to l5 cfm (7.5 L/s) per person,the ventilationmust be increased to maintainthe samecarbon
dioxidelevel.
l\lso the decrease in oxygencontentof the roomair can
be foundfrom E quati onC -l w henoxygenconcent r at ion is
substituted for carbondioxideconcentration.
Vo C"
C,,- Cr: NlVo (c-2)
Theterm.Nnowhasa negative valuewith respectto its use
C- I sinceoxygenis consumed
in Equation ratherthangenerated.

Figure C.1 Two chamber model. C.,: C,, - NlVo ( c - 3)

Y
?O .lo
t6
F
uJY >3
= f

1.75
e:9 9 =
F ?
N O
.r< 17.5 35
fi<E >=
z dHb =+
) t t l
ttv
3g 30
z 1.50 15.6
o
F

U
P tes r2.5 U
i
d US dm
g
i
'10
-Q '.oo a 20

t R
6
A 3 0 E 7E r(
5 o.7s
z
U
)
U
x
) ^ O 5.0 l0
z
=
U
6
10 t e E
U,ZJ

0 0

PHYSICALACTIVITY.Mfi UNITS
PHYSICALACTIVITY,MEI UNITS

FigureC.2 Metabolicdata. FigureG.3 Ventilationrequirements.

,)L S t a n d a r6d2 . 1- 2 0 0 1
ANSITASHRAH
 The oxygen consumption rate is 0.36 L/min when the Quantities Subscripts
activity level is 1.2 n-ret.For ventilation at a rate of 15 cfm A,B : filterlocation o ourdoor
(429 Llm') and an activity level of 1.2 met units, the room V volumetric flow return
oxygen level willbe reducedfiom an outdoorconcentrationto C contaminantconcentration space
20.9%. Thus, the oxygen content of the room is reduced from
air changeeffectiveness
2lo/oto 20.g%,a changeof only 0.s%.The carbon aio*iiJi, "-
ul filter efliciency
raised from the background of 0.03% to 0.I o/o,a chang. or
Ft flow reduction factor
230%.Thus, dilution of carbon dioxide is clearly more signif-
icant than replacingoxygen. N contaminantgenerationrate
R : recirculation flow factor
REFERENCES Figure D.l showsa representative system.A filter may be
c-l M.lIuttie. L.A. 1960.Graphicvisualization located in the recirculatedairstream (location A) or in the
of the rela-
tionsof n'retabolicfuels:Heat:02. ClO2,I{2O:Urine N., supply (mixed) airstream(location B).
pp. 677-83.ln J. .4ppliedPhvsiologt,Vol. 15,No. 4. Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems reduce the circula-
c-2' 1985ASHR4E Ilandbook Ftuttlantentals,Chapter8. tion rate when the thermal load is satisfied.This is accounted
1985.AmericanSocietyof Heating.Refrigerating and for by a flow reduction factor f..
Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc.,Atlanta,GA 30329. A mass balance for the contanlinantmay be written to
c-3 Berg-Munch.8., G.H. Cllausen. and P.O.Fanger.1986. determine the required outdoor airflow or the spacecontanll-
Ventilationrequirements for the controlof body odor in nant concentration for each of the system arrangenlents.The
spacesoccupiedby women,pp. 195-200.In Environ. various pem-rutationsfor the air-handling and distribution
Int. Yol. 12. systemsare describedin Table D-I. There are eight variattons.
c-a'Cuin.W.S.,et al. 1983.Ventilation requirements in build- The mass balance equations for computing the required
ings-I. Controlof occupancyodor and tobaccosmoke outdoor airflow and the space contaminant concentration at
odor,pp. I 183-97.ln Atmos.Environ.Vol. 17,No. 6. steady-state conditions for each system are presented in
c-5 Fanger.P.O..and B. Berg-Munch.1983.Ventilationand Table D-I.
body odor,pp. 45-50.In Proceedings of an Engineering If the allowable space contamination is specified. the
FoundationConfbrenceon Managementof Atmospheres equationsin Table D-l may be solved for the outdoor flow rate
in TightlvEnclosedSpaces.Atlanta:AmericanSociety (,. When the outdoor airflow rate is specified.the equatrons
of Heating,Refrigeratirtgand Air-ConditioningEngi- may be solved for the resulting contaminant concentrationas
neers.Inc. s h o w n i n I ' a b l eD - I .
c-6 lwashita,G., K. Kimura,et al. 1989.Pilot studyon addi- While the calculationmethodsin this appendixare based
tion of old units fbr perceivedair pollution sources, on single-zonesystemsand steady-stateanalysis,calculation
pp.32l-24. In Proceedings o.fSHA'SEAnnual Meeting. methods exist that account for multizone and transient
Tokyo:Socieryof l{eating,Air-Conditioning and Sani- effects.D-l
tary Engineersof Japan.
c-7 Yaglou,C.P.,E.C.Riley.and D.l. Coggins.1936.Venti- REFERENCE
latiorrrequirements,pp. 133-62.In ASIIRAE Tr"ansac- D -l
D ol r, W S .. and G.N . W al ton.2002.C ONTAM W 2. 0
tionsYol.42. andTech-
c-8 ASTM. 1998.ATSM SrunclurdD6245, StandardGtide UserManual.NationalInstituteof Standards
nology,NISTIR 6921.
fbr Llsing Indoor Carbon Dioxide Concentrcttionsto
EvoluateIndoor Air Qualit,-and I'entilution.Philadel-
phia: American Society for Testing and Materials,
D6245-98. (l-R)v,
<
(This appendixis not part of this standard.lt is merely
l ,
informativeand doesnot containrequirementsnecessary ;
E r A l
for conformance to the standard. It has not been 1 - -
processedaccording to the ANSI requirementsfor a \/Y r
standard and may contain material that has not been L*u' t
subject to public review or a consensusprocess. \/ (-
I O rL O p^
tB +
Unresolvedobjectors on informative material are not L r i

offeredthe right to appealat ASHRAE or ANSI.) I

F, (v, + vo)
r-T-
I N F O R M A T I V EA P P E N D I XD
A CCE P T A B L E MA SS BA L AN C E E Q U AT ION S I
F O R US E W I T H T H E IA Q P R OC ED U R E O c c L r p i e dZ o n e

When applying the IAQ Procedurefrom Section6.3, e ,N , C .

massbalanceanalysismaybe employedto determineoutdoor
to control indoor contaminant
air ventilationrequirentents
levels.Theequationsin TableD- I areacceptablefor perform-
ing suchmassbalanceanalysisin single-zone systems. FigureD.1 Ventilationsystemschematic.

AN S I' ASHRAI: Standard 62. l -200'7

 TABLED-1 RequiredOutdoorAir or SpaceContaminantGoncentrationwith Recirculationand Filtration

RequiredRecirculationRate
SpaceContaminant
RequiredOutdoor Airflow
Concentration
Filter
Flow outdoor Airflow
r-o.ution

-=
-=---=- /V ,V
None VAV 100% ' tt
t/
^
(-
a
-O+ _
E E F V
| F , . 1 ( -, o) t ' t ' o

l,i E i \ i+ E L'C
,RV t.Ef , \ , o o
A Constant Constant T/

o E I C C( ))' E ( V( ) + R V E , . I
l' .s l' r I'
,v ETFTRVTEf., i\i+E T,C
t ' o o
VAV Constant
o E ( C C ) 5 E ( I -( ) + r R I ' E . - l
I)' ,\ O' l' t' I
r
I/ E F R T E , C. M+E F T C
l ' r r . l f , ' , ' , , o
VAV Proportional* V -J
o E vF r (' C, s Co)' F E (V +RT E,-\
i' l,' o t' J'

, V E t 'R Vr E {- \-- ErV,,(l E.,:l(-,,

B Constant Constant
.l ,s (/-_\ -_ -
8,,[C., (l Ef)Co] E tV *RI/E.l
l,\ o t' I'

\ | ( l : r v t r('l 5 I, . t (
v o
B VAV 100% () C.f
nFrlC., (l Ef)Col eF l'

l/ E
rF rRtr,E 7C.,
\;.E t'(t E , . (t) c
I' /) I
B VAV Constant I -
L -

o Er,[C-' ( I t.l' ,r' i 6 ( l ' r F R V E . l

l' O t' t. .l'

N -E,F,RV,.E/C, V-rE l: V (l E..tC

B VAV Proportional. V _ /-
.
- \
I ' t ' u l ( )
o ErFr[C, (t-E/)(C)1 E F ( V * R V E , I
t ' t ' o t ' I

(This is a normative appendix and is part of the standard.)

N O R M A T I VA
EP P E N D I X
E
VENTILATION RATESFORHEALTHCAREFACILITIES
TABLEE-1 OutdoorAir Requirementsfor Ventilationof HealthCareFacilities
(Hospitals,Nursingand ConvalescentHomes)*

Estimated Outdoor Air Requirements

Maximum"*
Application Comments
Occupanc.v'' cfm/ L/s'
cfmrft2 L/s'm2
P/|000 ft2 or 100m2 person person

Specialrequirements or codesand
Patientrooms l0 25 l3
pressurerelationships
may determinc
Medicalprocedure 20 l5 8
minimum ventilationratesand filter
Operatingrooms 20 30 l5
efficiency.Procedures
generating
Recoveryand ICU 20 l5 8
contaminants may requirehigherrates.
Autopsyroonls 20 0.50 2.50 Air shallnot be recirculated
into otherspaces.
Physicaltherapy 20 l5 8

c o n t a m i n a n t s * i t h a n a d c q u a t c n r a r g i n o f s a l t t - v -a n d t o a c c o u n t f o r h c a l t h v a r i a t i o n s a m o n g p c o p l c a n d v a r i c d a c t i v t t v l c v c l s .
** Nct occupiablcspacc.

ANSL'ASHRAE 62.I -2007

Standard
(This appendixis not part of this standard.It is merely
informativeand doesnot containrequirementsnecessary
for conformance to the standard. It has not been
processedaccording to the ANSI requirementsfor a
standard and may contain material that has not been
subject to public review or a consensusprocess.
Unresolvedobjectors on informative material are not
offered the right to appealat ASHRAE or ANSI.)
I N F O R M A T I V EA P P E N D I XF
S E P A RA T I O NO F EX H A U S T OU T L ET S
A ND O UT DO OR A IR IN T AK ES
F1. GENERAL
Exhaustair andventoutletsasdefinedin Table5-I shallbe
locatedno closerto outdoorair intakes,andoperable
windows,
skylights,and doors.both thoseon the subjectproperfyand
thoseon adjacentpropenies.than the nrinintuntseparation
distanceI specifiedin thissection.The distanceI is definedas
the shortest"stretchedstring" distancemeasuredfrom the
closestpointof the outletopeningto the closestpoint of the
outdoorair intakeopeningor operablewindow,skylight,or
door opening,alonga trajectoryas if a stringwere stretched
betweenthem.
F 2. A P P LI CAT ION
F2,4 Equipment Wells. Exhaust air outlets that terminate
in an equipmentwell that also enclosesan outdoor air intake
shall meet the separationrequirementsof this sectionand. in
addition, shall either
a. terminateat or abovethe highestenclosingwall and dis-
charge air upward at a velocity exceeding 1000 fpm
(5 m/s) or
b. terminate 3 ft ( I m) above the highest enclosing wall
(with no minimum velocity).
t r i n t e n s i t ya i r .
E x c e p t i o n : L o w c o n t a m i n a no
For the purposeof this section,an equipmentwell is an
area (typically on the roof) enclosedon three or four sides by
walls that are less than 75o/ofree area, and the lesser of the
length and width of the enclosureis less than three trn-res the
average height of the walls. The free areaof the wall is the ratio
of area of the openings through the wall, such as openings
between louver blades and undercuts,divtded by the gross
area(length times height) of the wall.
F2.5 Property Lines. Minimun-r separation distance
between exhaustairlvent outlets and property lines shall be
half of the distance L detenrrined in accordance with
SectionF3. For significant contaminant or odor intensity
exhaustair, where the property line abutsa streetor other pub-
l i c w a y . n o n t i n i m u m s e p a r a t i o ni s r e q u i r e di f e x h a u s t e r n r i -
nation is l0 ft (3 m) above grade.

Exhaustoutletsandoutdoorair intakesor otheropenings DISTANCEt

with the following.
in accordance
shallbe separated
Exception: Laboratoryfume hood exhaustair outletsshall
be in compliancewith NFPA 45-1991andANSI/AIHA
29.5-1992.
b.
F2.l Outdoor Air Intakes.Minimum separation distance
c.
betweenexhaustairlventoutletsas definedin Table5- I and
outdoorair intakesto mechanical ventilationsystemsor oper-
ablewindows,skylights,anddoorsthatarerequiredaspartof
naturalventilationsystems shallbe equalto distance
Z deter-
in accordance
n-rined with SectionF3.
Erception: Separationdistances do not apply when
exhaustand outdoorair intakesystemsdo not operate
simultaneously.
F2.2 Other Building Openings.Minimum separation dis-
tancebetweenbuildingexhaustairlventoutletsas definedin
Table5-I andoperable openingsto occupiablespacesshallbe
half of the distance L determinedin accordancewith
SectionF3. Minimumseparation distance betweenhigh odor
intensityor noxiousor dangerousexhaustarr.lvent
outletsand
operableopeningsto occupiable spacesshallbe equalto the
distanceI determined in accordancewith SectionF3.
F2.3 Additional Limitations for Noxiousor Dangerous
Air. Minimum separation distancebetweenexhaustslocated
lessthan65 ft (20 m) verticallybelowoutdoorair intakesor
operablewindows and doors shall be equalto a horizontal
separationonly asdetermined in accordancewith SectionF3;
no creditmay be takenfor any verticalseparation.
F3. DETERMINING
SeparationdistanceI shall be determinedusing any of the
following approaches:
a. Use the valuesof Z in TableF-1.
CalculateI in accordancewith Equation F-l (a or b).
Determine I using any calculation or test procedure
approved by the authority having jurisdiction that shows
that the proposed design will result in equivalent or
greaterdilution factors than those specifiedin Table F-2.
t : 0.0e ^[O t For ttt 400r in feet (l-P) (F- la)
L : 0.04 ,[g (,-DF u / 2 ) i n m e t e r s( S I ) (F-lb)
where
exhaust air volume, cfm (L/s). For gravity vents.
O
such as plumbing vents, use an exhaust rate of
150 cfm (75 Lls). For flue vents from fuel-burning
appliances,assumea value of 250 cfm per million
Btu/h (0.43 L/s per Kw) of combustion input (or
obtain actual rates from the combustion appliance
manufacturer.
DF dilution factor. which is the ratio of outside air to
entrainedexhaust air in the outside air intake. The
minimum dilution factor shall be determined as a
function of exhaustair classin Table F-2.
For exhaustair composedof more than one classof air. the
dilution factor shall be determined by averaging the dilution
factors by the volume fraction of each class:

A N S I A S H R A F -S t a n d a r 6
d2 . 1 - 2 0 0 1
 t(DF,.O,) - t
p t
n r -
I)r
ro.
where
DFi: dilutionfactorfrom TableF-2 for classi air andp; is
the volumetricflow rateof classi air in the exhaust
alrstream.
U exhaust air dischargevelocity, fpm (m/s). As shown
in Figure F.1, U shall have a positivevalue when the
exhaust is directed away from the outside air intake
at an angle that is greaterthan 45o from the direction
of a line drawn from the closest exhaust point the
edge of the intake; U shall have a negative value
when the exhaust is directed toward the intake
bounded by lines drawn fiom the closest exhaust
point the edge of the intake; and U shall be set to zero
for other exhaustair directions regardlessof actual
velocity. U shall be set to 0 in Equation F- I fbr vents
from gravity (atmospheric) fuel-fired appliances,
plumbing vents, and other nonpowered exhausts,or
if the exhaust discharge is covered by a cap or other
device that dissipatesthe exhaustairstream.For hot
gas exhausts such as combustion products, an
effective additional 500 fprn (2.5 m/s) upward
TABLEF-1 MinimumSeparationDistance,L,
in ft (m)
SignificantContaminantor Noxiousor Dangerous
Odor Intensitv
l s( s )
TABLEF.2 MinimumDilutionFactors
ExhaustAir Class
S i g n i f i c a n t c o n t a m i n a n to r o d o r i n t e n s i t y
Norious or dangerous particles
*Docs not aDDlvto funrc hood cxhaust. Scc Scction F2
U rs postttvc
whcn dischargcd
in this directron
/
FigureF.1 Exhaustair dischargevelocity(U).
36
velocity shall be added to the actual discharge
velocity if the exhauststreamis aimed directly
upwardandunimpeded by devicessuchasfluecaps
or louvers.
(This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merell
informative and does not contain requirements necessarv
tbr conformance to the standard. It has not been
processed according to the ANSI requirements for a
standard and may contain material that has not been
subject to public review or a consensus process.
Unresolved objectors on informative material are not
offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)
I N F O R M A T I VAEP P E N D I X
G
APPLICATION AND COMPLIANCE
This appendixcontainsapplication and compliance
thatareintended
suggestions to assistusersandenforcement
agenciesin applying this standard.
For the most part, ANSI/ASI IRAE Standard62.1-20071s
specifically written for new buildings becausesome of its
requirementsassumethat other requirementswithin the stan-
dard have been met. In the caseof existing buildings,retroac-
tive applicationand compliancewith all the requirementsof
this standardmay not be practical. Flowever.the principles
establishedin this standardmay be applied to most existing
commercial and institutionalbuildings. Some existing build-
ings may achieve acceptableIAQ despite not nleeting the
requirementsof Standard62.l-2001 due to, for example,good
Particles maintenanceand capital improvement procedures.building
3 0( 1 0 ) materials that, by virtue of their age, have very low contaml-
nant emission rates"and manv other factors,
Dilution Factor,DF G1. APPLICATION
l5 Gl.l New Buildings. All sectionsand normative appendi-
50x ces should apply to new buildings falling withrn the scopeof
this standard.
OA rntake
U is zcro
*'hcn dischargcd
in this direction
AN SI"ASH RAF.Standard62.| -2001
Gl.2 Existing Buildings. The standardshould be applied
to existing buildings at leastin the following circumstances:
1. Additions to Existing Buildings. All additions to exist-
ing buildings should meet the requirementsof this stan-
dard as if the addition were a new building. An
exception may be made when an existing ventilation
systemis extendedto servethe addition. In this case,the
existing system components, such as f-ansand cooling
and heating equipment,need not meet the requirements
of this standard.Flowever,the extendedexisting system
should remain in compliance with ventilation codesand
standardsthat were in effect at the time it was oermitted
for construction.
2. Repairs. Repairing (making operational) existing equip-
ment or other building components does not require the
building or any of its componentsto retroacttvelycomply
with this standard.
3. Replacentent.Any componentofa building that is removed
and replaced should meet the applicable requiretnentsof
Section5, Systemsand Equipment,of'this standardfor that
component. An exception may be made in cases when
replacing a component of like size and kind, provided all
requirementsof codes and standardsused at the time of
onginal system design and installationare met. For exam-
ple. replacementof an air-conditioning unit with one of
similar capacity would not require retroactivecompliance
with ventilation rates and other requirementsof this stan-
dard. unaltered componentsdo not needto be retroactively
brought into compliance except when there are substantial
alterations(as defined below).
4. SubstctntialAlterations. lf a building is substantially
altered,the requirementsof this standardshould be met as
if the building were new. A building would be considered
substantiallyalteredifthe cost of the revisionsexceeds50%n
of the building's fair market value, excluding the cost of
compliancewith this standard.
5. Changein (Jse.lfthe spaceapplicationcategoryas listed in
Table 6-l changes,such as from office to retail, the nrini-
mum ventilatronratesrequiredby Section6, "Procedures,"
should be met for that soace.
G2. COMPLIANCE
Demonstrating that acceptable IAQ has been achieved,
such as by measuring contaminant concentrationsor survey-
ing occupants,would not be required by this standardexcept
where required by the IAQ Procedure.
A \ S I A S H R A ES
, t a n d a r6
d2 . 1 - 2 0 0 1
The following section is a suggested model code language.
APPLICATIONAND COMPLIANCE
Application
New Buildings. All sections ancl norntatitte aptrte.ndices
applt, to new hdldings./alling v,ithin the scope o/ this stttndar"cl.
Existing Buildings
Additions to Existing Buildings. All udclitktns to existittg
buildings within the scope rl this standurd shall meet the
reqttirententsof all sections and normative uppentlices.
Exception: When an existing ventilution $)stem is extentled
to serve un addition, the existing st)stemc'omponents,
such as./uns and cooling and heating equipment, neecl
not meet the reqttirentents o/'this stanclard. IIov'ever, the
extended existing sv-stem must rentain in c'ompliunc'e
with ventilation codes untl standards thnt v'ere in c//'ect
at the time it w,asperntitted /br c'onstructiort.
Repairs. Repairing (making operational) existing equip-
ntent or other building cotnponentsshall be ullov'ed v'ithout
requiring the building or anv o/'its componentsto complv with
this slandard.
ReplacemenL Anv componentof'a building that is removed
and replacedshull meetthe applicahle requirementso.fSet'tion 5,
"Svstemsand Equipntent," c1f'thisstandard./br that component.
Unalteretl components are not required to be brought into
compliance except as required due to a change in ttse.
Exception: Replacentent ofu building cotnponent or indi-
vidttal piece of'equipment v'ith a component o/ like si:e
and kind, provided that all requirements rt'c'otles e//bc-
tive at the time of'original s.t,stenrdesign antl installu-
tiort are mel. For example, replucement of un oir-
conditioning unit with one o.f'similur cupac'itt' vt'rrultlnot
require that the ventilation rate requirenrcntsuncl other
requirentents o.f'this standard be met.
Substuntial Alterations. IJ a building is .substctntiall.r'
altered, all sections antl normative appendices of'this stun-
dard shall be met as i/'the building were neh'.A building shull
be c'onsideredsubstantiallv altered if the cost o.fthe revisions
exceeds50'% o./'thebuilding's.fair mctrketvctlue,exc'lutling lhe
c:osto.fcompliance with allsections and nornrutitte appenclic'es
o/'this standard.
Change in Use. Il'the spuc'eapplicutiort culegor'.t:us listed
in Table 2 changes, suc'h cts.fi"omollice to retail, the minimunt
ventilation rotes requirecl by Seclion 6, " Proc'edures,"shall he
met.fbr that spuc'e.
Compliance
Demonstrating lhat ctcceptableIAQ has been achieved,
.sttchas bv measttring contuminant concentrations or srtrvef,-
ing occupants, is not required by 1fuisstandard except v'here
reqttired bv the IAQ Procedure.
(This appendixis not part of this standard.It is merely informativeand doesnot contain requirementsnecessaryfor
conformanceto the standard.It has not beenprocessedaccordingto the ANSI requirementsfor a standardand may
containmaterialthat hasnot beensubjectto public reviewor a consensus process.Unresolvedobjectorson informative
materialare not offeredthe right to appealat ASHRAE or ANSI.)

I N F O R M A T I V EA P P E N D I XH
DO CUM E NT A T IO N
This appendixsummarizesthe requrrements for documentationcontainedin the body of the standardusing a seriesof
templatesthatsummarizes
thedesigncriteriausedandassumptions madeto complywith this standard. Oneway to complywith
thedocumentationrequirements
of thestandardis to completethesetemplatesasappropriateduringtheprojectdesignprocess.

O ut door A ir Q u a l i ty
Section4.3of thisstandard
requires of theoutdoorair qualityin thevicinityof theprojectsite.Thisten-rplate
an investigation
offersa meansof documenting the resultsof boththe regionalandlocalinvestigations andtheconclusions reached conceming
of the outdoorair qualityfor indoorventilation.
theacceptability

TABLEH.1

RegionalOutdoor Air Quality Pollutants Attainment or NonattainmentAccording to the U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgenc.v"

P a r r i c u l a ttcPsM 2 . 5t lYesNo)
P a r t i c u l a t e (sP M l 0 ) 1Yes,No.1
Carbon rnonoxide-l hour/8 hours (Yes/No)

Ozone (YesNo)

Nitrogendioxide (Yes,No)

Lead (Yes,Atro)
SulfurDioxide (Yes,No)

Local Outdoor Air Qualitv Survel' Date: Time:

a) Area surveycd ( B r i e f d e s c r i p t i o no f t h e s i t c )

bl Nearbyfacilities (Brief descriptiontypc of facilities-industrial,commercial,hospitality.etc.)

c) Odors or irritants (List and describe)

d) Visible plumes (List and dcscribc)

e) Nearbysourcesof vehicleexhaust (List anddescribe)

f) Prevailing winds lDirection.l

c)Other observatittns

Conclustons (Remarks conceming the acceptability of the outdoor air quality)

A N S I i A S H R A ES t a n d a r 6d 2 . 1- 2 0 0 7
 BuildingVentilationDesignCriteria

This templateprovidesa meansof documentingsignificantdesigncriteria for the overall building. Only the last column. in
accordancewith Section 5.2.3, is specificallyrequiredby the standard.The other columns are motivatedby the generaldocu-
mentationrequirementdescribedin Section6.4.

TABLEH.2

Building VentilationDesignCriteria

Outdoor Air CleaningRequired OccupiedSpaceRelativeHumidity (Choose

Total Building (SeeSection6.2.1) One Criterion per Section5.10.1)
Total Building
Alr rtatanctng
Outdoor Air
(seeSection PeakOutdoor DP at LowestSpaceSHR at ( S e e S e c t i o n 5 . 2 . 3 )
Intake Particulate
s.10.2) Matter
Ozone Peak Indoor Latent Concurrent
Load Outdoor Condition
(cfin; (cfm) (YesNo) (YesNo) (% RH basedon ( % R H b a s e do n ( N E B B .A A B C .
e q u i p m e n ts e l e c t i o n ) equipmcntselection) c r c ).

Ventilation Rate Procedure

Section6.2permitstheuseof thisprescription-based
procedureto designventilation
systems.
Thistemplatedocuments
the
madewhenusingthis procedure
assumptions asrequiredby Sections5.17.4and6.4.

TABLE H.3

Zone Air System

Space Occupant
SpaceType Rate/Person Rate/SF Distribution Ventilation Classof Air
ldentification Density
Effectiveness Efficiency

lList number or (List occupancy (Peoplei (cfm or L/s) (cfm or L/s) (Table6-2) (Table6-3 or ( T a b l e s5 - 2 o r 6 - l ;
name of each category of the ft2 or m2) AppendixA) i n c l u d ej u s t i f i c a t i o n
v e n t i l a t i o nz o n e .
space from f o r c l a s s i f i c a t i o ni 1 '
such as office Table6-l such as n o t i n t h e s et a b l e s )
number or name, office space.retail
retail space r1ame. s a l e s ,c l a s s r o o m
classroom number) age 5-8, etc.)

A N S I A S H R A ES t a n d a r6
d2 . 1 - 2 0 0 1 39
IAQ Procedure

Section6.3 permitsthe useof this performance-basecl

procedureto designventilationsystems. This templatedocuments
the designcriteriaand assumptions madewhen usingthis procedureandjustificationof the designapproach,as requiredby
S e c t i o 6n . 3 . 2 .

TABLE H.4

IAQ ProcedureAssumptions

ContaminantTargetConcentration
Contaminant Contaminant Contaminant
rc Perceived Design
of Concern Source Strength Lmi, rAQ Approach
l';il;T-|l*3;l
(Identify (Identify (Determine (List) (List) lList.t (Perccntagc of (Selcctfrom Section
and list) and list; and list) s a t i s f i e db u i l d i n g 6 . 3 . 1. 4 a n d r n c l u d e
occupants) justification)

A N S I T A S H R A F - S t a n d a r d6 2 . I - 2 0 0 7
(This appendixis not part of this standard.It is merely informativeand doesnot contain requirementsnecessaryfor
conformanceto the standard.It has not beenprocessedaccordingto the ANSI requirementsfor a standardand may'
containmaterialthat hasnot beensubjectto public reviewor a consensus process.Unresolvedobjectorson informatil'e
materialare not offeredthe right to appealat ASHRAE or ANSI.)

I NF O RM A T I VEAP PE N D IX I
A DDE NDA DES C R IPT IONIN F O R M AT ION

ANSI/ASHRAEStandafi62.l-2007incorporates ANSI/ASIIRAE Standard62.1-2004andAddendaa, b, c. d, e.f, g. and h

to ANSI/ASHRAEStandard I-l listseachaddendum
62.1-2004.'Iable anddescribesthe way in whichthe standardis affected
by the change.It alsoliststhe ASHRAE andANSI approvaldatesfor eachaddendum.

TABLE f-1 Addenda to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004

Approval Dates:
. StandardsCommittee
Addendum Section(s)Affected Descriptionof Changes* . ASHRAE BOD
. ANSI

Clari flcs dehumidifi cation analysis requirements. January21,2006

Section5.I 0. Dehumidification
Systems Also offers exceptions to tlie 65% RH limit and January26,2006
to the net positive intake airflow rcquircment. April10.2006

Table5-2.OtherSpaces; Table(i-1,Minimum
C o r r c c t s i n c o n s i s t e n c i e si n T a b l e s5 - 2 . 6 - l , a n d January21,2006
VentilationRatesin BreathingZone:Table6-4,
6-4 and provides additional information for sev- January26,2006
MinirnurnExhaustRates;Sections 5.17.1,Clas-
c r a l o c c u p a u c yc a t e g o r i e s . April10.2006
sification.and 5.I 7.4.Documentation
January21,2006
InformativeAppendixB. Summaryof Selected
Updates information in Infonnative Appendix B. January26.2006
Air QualityGuidelines
A p r i l 1 0 .2 0 0 6

Table4- l, NationalPrirnaryAmbientAir Updates information in Table 4- I to be consisteltt January21.2006

Quality Standardsfor OutdoorAir as Setby the with current US EPA NAAQS, adding PM 2.5 as January26.2006
U.S. Environmental ProtectionAsencv a criteriapollutant. A p r i l 1 0 ,2 0 0 6
New infonnative appendix summarizes the
June24, 2006
documentation requirements in the body of
InformativeAppendixH. Documentation June29, 2006
the standard,thus providing a single point
March3.2007
o[referencc for users.

Updates thc purpose and scopc of the standardto

make them more consistent with changes that
June24, 2006
have already been incorporated into the body of
S e c t i o n s l . P u r p o s e ,a n d 2 , S c o p e June29, 2006
the standard (removal of smoking rates, ncw/
Iuly 27,2006
c x i s t i n g b u i l d i n g s d i s t i n c t i o n s ,O & M a n d
c o n s t r u c t i o ns e c t i o n s .a n d o t h c r s ) .

Briefly, requires spacc classification based on

June25. 2005
for Buildings expected prescnceof ETS. separationof
New Section5.18.Requirements
June30, 2005
ContainingETS Areasand ETS-FreeAreas ETS and ETS-free areas,and cautionary
January20.2006
signage for ETS areas.

Tables6- l. Minimun-rVentilationRatesin Adds requirements for residential spacesinto the

BreathingZone,6-4,MinimumE,xhaust Rates. ventilation rate table (Table 6- I ) in the body of
J a n u a r2y 1 . 2 0 0 7
E-2. OutdoorAir Requircments fbr Ventilation the standard.Also deletesTables E-2 and E-3
March2.2007
of ResidentialFacilities(PrivateDwellings.Sin- from Normative Appendix E. which provided
M a r c h3 . 2 0 0 7
gle.Multiple).andE-3.OutdoorAir Require- ventilation requirententsfor re-sidencesand
mentsfor Ventilationof Vehicles vehicles.

Thcsc dcscriptions may not bc cornplctc and arc providcd for inftrrmation only

NOTE
Whenaddenda,interpretations,or erratato this standardhavebeenapproved,they can be downloaded
free of chargefrom the ASHRAEWeb site at http://www.ashrae.org.

A N S I A S H R A [ :S t a n d a r d
62.1-2007
 NOTICE

INSTRUCTIONSFOR SUBMITTING A PROPOSEDCHANGE TO

THIS STANDARDUNDER CONTINUOUS MAINTENANCE

This standardis maintainedundercontinuousmaintenanceproceduresby a Standing StandardProject Committee (SSPC)for

u,hich the StandardsCommittee has establisheda documented program for regular publication of addendaor revisions. includ-
ing proceduresfor tintely, documented.consensusaction on requestsfor change to any parl of the standard.SSPC consider-
ation will be -qivento proposed changesat the Annual Meeting (normally June) if proposed changes are received by the
N4anagerof Standards(MOS) no later than December 31. Proposalsreceivedafter December 3l shall be consideredby the
SSPC no later than at the Annual Meetine of the followins vear.

Proposedchangesmust be submittedto the MOS in the latestpublished format availablefrom the MOS. Ilowever, the MOS
may accept proposed changes in an earlier published format if the MOS concludes that the differences are immaterial to the
proposed change submittal. If the MOS concludes that a current form must be utilized, the proposer may be given up to
20 additional days to resubmit the proposed changesin the current format.

ELECTRONIC PREPARATION/SUBMISSIONOF FORM

FOR PROPOSINGCHANGES

An electronicversion of each change.which must comply with the instructionsin the Notice and the Form, is the preferred
form of submittal to ASHRAE Headquartersat the address shown below. The electronic format facilitates both paper-based
and computer-basedprocessing.Submittal in paper form is acceptable.The following instructionsapply to changeproposals
submittedin electronicform.

LIse the appropriate file format for your word processor and save the file in either a recent version of Microsoft Word (pre-
ferred) or another commonly used word-processing program. Pleasesave each change proposal file with a different name (for
example. "prop0l.doc." "prop02.doc," etc.). If supplemental background documents to support changes subn-rittedare
included, it is preferred that they also be in electronic form as word-processedor scanneddocuments.

ASHRAE will accept the following as equivalent to the signature required on the change submittal form to convey non-
exclusive copyright:

Files attachedto an e-mail: Electronicsignatureon changesubmittalform

(asa picture;*.tif, or x.wpg).

F i l e so n a C D : Electronicsignatureon changesubmittalform
(asa picture;x.tif,or *.wpg)or a letterwith submitter's
signatureaccompanying theCD or sentby facsimile
(singlelettermay coverall of proponent's proposed changes).

Submitan e-mailor a CD containingthe changeproposalfilesto:

Managerof Standards
ASHRAE
l 79l Tul l i eC i rcl e.N E
Atlanta,GA 30329-2305
E-mail:change.proposal@ashrae.org
(Altematively,
mail paperversionsto ASHRAEaddress or fax to 404-32l-5478.)

The form and instructions

for electronicsubmittalmay be obtainedfrom the Standards sectionof ASIIRAE's Home Page.
or by contactinga Standards
wwv'.ashrae.org, Secretary,l79l Tullie Circle,NE, Atlanta,GA 30329-2305.
Phone:404-636-8400. Fax: 404-321-5478.E-mail:standards.sectionfrD,ashrae.ors.
,,ffi\ FORM FOR SUBMITTAL OF PROPOSEDCHANGE TO AN
'ttfy
ASHRAE STANDARD UNDER CONTINUOUS MAINTENANCE

NOTE: Use a separate form for eachcomment.Submtttals(MicrosoftWord preferred)may be attachedto e-mail(pref'erted).

I 791 TullieCircle,NE, Atlanta,
on a CD, or submittedin paperby mail or fax to ASIIRAE, Managerof Standards,
submitted
GA 30329-2305.E-mail:change.proposal@)ashrae.org. Fax:tl -4041321-5418.

l. S ubm it t er :

Affiliation:

Address: City: State: Zip: Country:

Telephone: Fax: E -Mai l :

I herebygrantthe An-rericanSocietyof lleating,RefrigeratingandAir-ConditioningEngineers,Inc. (ASIIRAE) the non-

exclusiveroyaltyrights.includingnon-exclusive rightsin copyright,in my proposals. thatI acquireno rightsin
I understand
publication in whichmy
of the standard proposals in thisor otheranalogous form is used.I attest
hereby thatI havetheauthor-
ity and am empoweredto grantthis copy'rightrelease.

Submitter's si gnafure: Date:

AII electronic submittals must have thefollowing statementcompleted:

I (inserMuue) , throughthis electronicsignature,herebygrant

theAmericanSocietyof Heating,Refrigerating andAir-ConditioningEngineers(ASHRAE)the non-exclusive royaltyrights,
includingnon-exclusive rightsin copyright,in my proposals.I understand that I acquireno rightsin publicationof the stan-
dard in which my proposalsin this or other analogousform is used.I herebyattestthat I havethe authorityand am empow-
eredto grantthis copyrightrelease.

2. Num beran d y e a r o f s ta n d a rd :

3. Pagenumber and clause(section)o or paragraphnumber:

subclause,

4. I proposeto: [ ] Changeto readasfollows [ ] Deleteand substituteas follows

(chec'kone) [ ] Add new text as follows [ ] Deletewithout substitution
Use underscores to shou, r.naterialto be added (added) and strike through n.raterialto be deleted (dele{ec). Use additional pages rf needed

5. Proposed change:

6. Reason and substantiation:

7. Will the proposed change increase the cost of engineering or construction? If yes, provide a brief explanation as
to why' the increase is justified.

[ ] Check if additionalpagesare attached.Number of additional pages:

[ ] Check if attachmentsor referencedmaterialscited in this proposalaccompanythis proposedchange.Pleaseverify that all
attachmentsand referencesare relevant, current, and clearly labeled to avoid processing and review delays. Please list vour
utlachrnentshere:

Rr-t -l-9-1007
 POLICYSTATEMENT ASHRAE'SCONCERN
DEFINING
IMPACTOF ITSACTIVITIES
FORTHE ENVIRONMENTAL
A S HRA Eis c o n c e rn ew d i thth e rmp a cot f i ts members' on boththe i ndoorand outdoorenvi ronment
acti vi ti es ASHRAE's
.
m em ber swill s tri v eto m i n i m i z ea n y p o s s i b l ed el eteri ous effecton the i ndoorand outdoorenvi ronment of the syst em sand
c om ponentin s th e i rre s p o n s i b i l iwtyh i l em a x i m i zi ng
the benefi ci al effectsthesesystemsprovi de,consi stent w i th accept ed
standards and the practical stateof the art.
A S HRA E ' s h o rt-ra n ggeo a li s to e n s u reth atthe systemsand components w i thi ni ts scopedo not i mpactthe indoorand
out doorenv ir o n m e ntot a g re a te re x te n tth a n speci fi ed by the standards and gui del i nes as establ i shed by i tselfand ot her
r es pons ible bod i e s .
A s an ong o i n gg o a l , AS H R AEw rl l ,th ro ughi ts S tandardsC ommi tteeand extensi vetechntcalcommi tt eest r uct ur e,
c ont inue t o gen e ra teu p -to -d a te s ta n d a rdasn d gui del i nes w hereappropri ate and adopt,recommend, and promotet hosenew
and r ev is ed s t a n d a rddse v e l o p ebdy o th e rre s p o nsi blorganie zati ons.
Throughits Handbook, appropriate chapterswillcontainup-to-date standards and designconsiderations as the materialis
systematically revised.
A S HRA Ew i l lta k eth e l e a dw i thre s p e cto t d i ssemi nati on of envi ronmental i nformati on of i ts pri maryi nterest and willseek
out and dis s e mi n a te i n fo rm a ti ofro
n mo th e rre s ponsi blorgani e that i s perti nent,
zati ons as gui desto updati ng sta ndar dsand
guidelines.
T he ef f ec tso f th e d e s i g na n d s e l e c ti o o n f equi pment and systemsw i l l be consi dered w i thi nthe scopeof th e syst em 's
int ended us ean d e x p e c te mi d s u s eT. h e d i s p o sal othazardous materi al s, i f any,w i l lal sobe consi dered.
A S HRA E ' sp ri ma ryc o n c e rnfo r e n v i ro n m ental i mpactw i l l be at the si te w here equi pmentw i thi nA S H RAE'sscope
oper at esHow . e v e r,e n e rg ys o u rc es e l e c ti o na nd the possi bl eenvi ronmental i mpactdue to the energysourceand ener gy
t r ans por t at io wni l l b e c o n s i d e rewd h e rep o s s i b l e.
R ecommendati ons concerni ng energysourcesel ecti on shoul db e m adeby
it sm em ber s .
8615s
PC 5107