71807-C - L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle 2021 Amdt 2 - Auth ARTAT

Handling Instructions: For MOD Cadet Forces Use Only
Cadet Training
Skill at Arms
The L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle (5.56 mm) and

Associated Equipment
This pamphlet supersedes the Rifle Pamphlet dated 2021 (AC 71807-C) which should
now be destroyed.
2021 (Aug 23 Amendment)
AC 71807-C
Cadet Training
i
Copyright
This publication is British Ministry of Defence Crown copyright. Material and information
contained in this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, and
transmitted for MOD use only. except where authority for use by other organisations or
individuals has been authorised by a Patent Officer of the Defence Intellectual Property
Rights whose details appear below. Crown copyright and Merchandise Licensing, Defence
Intellectual Property rights, Central Legal Services, MOD Abbey Wood South, Poplar 2
#2214, Bristol BS34 8JH, Email: DIPR-Copyright@mod.gov.uk.
Security
This document is classified OFFICIAL due to the information it contains and is issued for
the information of such persons who need to know its content in the course of their duties.
Any person finding this document should place it in a single envelope with particulars of
how it was found and post to: Freepost, PO Box 3037, London N1 1BR. This document is
to be handled (stored, transmitted, and destroyed) in accordance with its classification and
any handling caveats/descriptors associated with the document (details of which can be
found at the top/bottom of the document). Release to international organisations and
national governments is for Defence purposes only and the information must be afforded
the same degree of protection as that afforded to information of an equivalent classification
originated by the recipient organisation or nation, or as required by the recipient
organisation or nation’s security regulations, as governed by any extant bilateral
agreement. Release to persons outside government service is on a personal basis only and
the recipient to whom it is entrusted in confidence within the provisions of the OFFICIAL
SECRETS Act 1911-1989, is personally responsible for its safe custody, complying with
handling caveats/descriptors and ensuring that its contents are disclosed only to authorised
personnel. If you require further advice on the handling requirements of this document,
please refer to JSP 440 or contact the appropriate MOD Security Authority. THIS
DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY’S GOVERNMENT. THE
UNAUTHORISED RETENTION, MODIFICATION, DISTRIBUTION OR DESTRUCTION
OF THE DOCUMENT IS AN OFFENCE UNDER THE OFFICIAL SECRETS ACT 1911-
1989.
Status
This publication has been produced under the direction and authority of the Chief of the
General Staff by Director Land Warfare (DLW). It is the individual’s responsibility to ensure
that they are using the latest version of this publication, if in doubt the individual should
contact OC SASC ARTAT. The contents constitute mandatory regulations or an MOD
Approved Code of Practice (ACOP) and provide clear military information concerning the
most up to date experience and best practice available for commanders, CFAVs and
Cadets to use for training. To avoid criminal liability and prosecution for a breach of health
and safety law, you must follow the relevant provisions of the ACOP. Breaches or omissions
could result in disciplinary action under the provisions of the Armed Forces Act.
Amendments
Amend No Date Amend No Date
1 May 21 2 Aug 23
AC 71807-C Aug 23
ii
Distribution
1. This publication is only made available in electronic format on Cadet Resource Centre
Library or BADER, to order hard (uncontrolled) copies contact your appropriate Cadet
Force 1* HQ stating the reasons why.
Amendments
Suggestions for change are welcomed and should be sent to OC ARTAT following the
procedures which can be found in Cadet Training Ranges. Such proposals will be given
due consideration and, if considered necessary, appropriate amendments will be prepared
for publication. Any queries should be sent to the OC ARTAT using the following e-mail –
CMC-SASC-ARTAT-OC@mod.gov.uk.The table below lists the most recent changes to
this publication:
Ser Chap Pg Lsn Para Remarks
Deleted Low light conditions throughout on NSP’s. Coaching
1 NA NA NA NA Chapter deleted; Information on Coaching can be found in the Cadet
Shooting Manual.
Using the most up to date version of this publication by consulting
2 NA vi NA 9
their respective Cadet Resource Centre Library.
3 NA vii NA 15c Removed Cadet Training Vest.
4 NA vii NA 17 New Para Coaching.
5 1 1-5 1 1-18a Insert period (unless moving immediately onto another SAA Lesson).
6 1 1-21 2 1-52 d Wording updated.
7 1 1-24 2 1-55 b (1) Bolts and firing pins are NOT to be interchanged.
It is essential that the cam stud is replaced at this point; failing to do
8 1 1-24 2 1-55 b (4)
so could cause a breach explosion during subsequent live firing.
Whilst carrying out the function test any defects identified must be
9 1 1-28 2 1-61 d
reported to a CFAV or an Armourer immediately.
10 1 1-31 3 1-67 b RL 3 now includes Ready Ammunition.
11 1 1-31 3 1-70 2 x Magazines per Cadet.
12 1 1-33 3 1-80 b Para updated.
13 1 1-36 3 1-85 Ready Ammunition.
14 1 1-36 3 1-87 Para updated.
15 1 1-38 3 Fig 1-35 New pic Empty Magazine.
(Instructor to nominate either a magazine with 3 Drill rds or fitted with
16 1 1-40 3 1-95a
a penny depressor).
(Instructor to nominate either a magazine with 3 Drill rds or fitted with
17 1 1-42 3 1-98
a penny depressor)
On handing over a rifle to another cadet, if the magazine is fitted
carry out a complete unload, then carry out a “NSP”, showing the
18 1 1-43 3 1-101c
recipient of the weapon that the chamber, body, and face of the bolt
is clear.
19 1 1-55 5 1-141 Identify the master eye.
20 1 1-56 5 1-145b Added Rest Position.
21 1 1-57 5 1-148 Deleted Low Port inserted loaded position.
22 1 1-58 5 1-152 Break squad into pairs to use Master Pupil.
23 1 1-61 5 1-159 (Remembered by the mnemonic E-A-S-T).
24 1 1-69 6 1-182 a and b Para updated.
25 1 1-76 8 1-220 Leave weapons loaded.
1-77
26 1 8 1-226-1-228 Use assistant cockers
1-78
It is important that any round involved in a stoppage (live or blank),
whether it appears damaged or not, is not to be loaded into a
27 1 1-91 9 1-257 b
magazine, nor any attempt is made to fire it. Such rounds are to be
returned to the ammunition compound by an CFAV for disposal.
28 1 1-92 9 Note Note: When teaching CFAV sub-paras a to g are to be taught.
29 1 1-99 11 NA Pivoting Deleted.
30 1 1-102 12 NA Removal of Multiple Targets.
31 1 1-102 12 1-307 h in the DCCT.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
iii
Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................... vi
Technical Details .......................................................................................................... ix
Chapter 1
The Basic Skills – L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle 1
Rifle Lesson 1. General Description, Safety, and the Sights ..................................... 1-1
Rifle Lesson 2. Stripping and Assembling ................................................................ 1-15
Rifle Lesson 3. Basic Handling Drills ........................................................................ 1-31
Rifle Lesson 4. Cleaning and Maintenance .............................................................. 1-44
Rifle Lesson 5. Holding and Aiming in the Prone Position (1 st, 2nd, and 3rd
Marksmanship Principles) ........................................................................................ 1-54
Rifle Lesson 6. Firing in the Prone Position (4 th Marksmanship Principle) .............. 1-64
Rifle Lesson 7. Firing Drills ....................................................................................... 1-70
Rifle Lesson 8. Firing from Other Positions and Use of Cover ................................ 1-75
Rifle Lesson 9. Mechanism of the Weapon, Immediate Action, and Stoppages ..... 1-83
Rifle Lesson 10. Aiming Off and Alteration of Sights ............................................... 1-93
Rifle Lesson 11. Carriage of the Weapon and Reaction to Effective Enemy Fire ... 1-98
Rifle Lesson 12. Firing at Crossing Targets ........................................................... 1-102
Rifle Lesson 13. Boresighting the Rifle with Iron Sight .......................................... 1-106
Rifle Lesson 14. Zeroing the Rifle with Iron Sight .................................................. 1-115
Chapter 2
Practice Periods 1
Introduction ................................................................................................................. 2-1
Rifle Practice 1. Rifle Lessons 1-4 ............................................................................. 2-3
Rifle Practice 2. Rifle Lessons 5-8 ............................................................................. 2-6
Rifle Practice 3. Rifle Lessons 9-12 ......................................................................... 2-10
Chapter 3
Information for the Instructor 1
Section 1. Examination of the GP Rifle ...................................................................... 3-1
Section 2. The Safe Blank Firing System ................................................................... 3-3
Chapter 4
L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle Weapon Handling Test (WHT) 1
General ....................................................................................................................... 4-1
WHTs L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle ..................................................................................... 4-2
AC 71807-C Aug 23
iv
Illustrations
Page
Fig 1-1 The L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle viii
Fig 1-2 The L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle (Named Parts) 1-4
Fig 1-3 The Low Port Position 1-5
Fig 1-4 Inspecting the Face of the Bolt, Body, and Chamber 1-7
Fig 1-5 The Sling 1-8
Fig 1-6 Sling Fitting (1) 1-8
Fig 1-9 Front Slung Carriage 1-10
Fig 1-10 Sling Quick Release 1-10
Fig 1-11 Back Carriage 1-11
Fig 1-12 The Iron Sight 1-12
Fig 1-13 Removing the Foresight 1-13
Fig 1-14 Removing the Carrying Handle 1-13
Fig 1-15 Component Parts 1-17
Fig 1-16 Removing the TMH 1-19
Fig 1-17 Removing the Recoil Rod and Spring 1-20
Fig 1-18 Removing the Cocking handle 1-20
Fig 1-19 Removing the Bolt Carrier Assembly 1-21
Fig 1-20 Removing the Firing Pin Retaining 1-22
Fig 1-21 Removing the Firing Pin 1-22
Fig 1-22 Removing the Cam Stud 1-22
Fig 1-23 The Bolt Carrier Assembly Stripped 1-23
Fig 1-24 Removing the Piston 1-25
Fig 1-25 Removing the Gas Cylinder 1-25
Fig 1-26 Removing the Gas Plug 1-26
Fig 1-27 Removing the Handguard 1-27
Fig 1-28 Stripping the Magazine 1-29
Fig 1-29 Magazine Platform Depressor Fitted 1-32
Fig 1-30 H83 Container (Ball) 1-33
Fig 1-31 H83 Container (Blank) 1-34
Fig 1-32 The Ball Round 1-35
Fig 1-33 The Blank Round 1-35
Fig 1-34 Rounds Correctly Seated 1-37
Fig 1-35 Emptying the Magazine 1-38
Fig 1-36 Magazine Filling Charger Fitted 1-39
Fig 1-37 Alert Position 1-41
Fig 1-38 The Maintenance kit 1-44
Fig 1-39 The Combination Tool 1-45
Fig 1-40 Lubrication Chart 1-50
Fig 1-41 Leg Position 1 1-55
Fig 1-42 Leg Position 2 1-55
Fig 1-43 The Prone Unsupported Position 1-58
Fig 1-44 The Prone Supported Position (Magazine Rested) 1-58
Fig 1-45 Correct Eye Relief 1-59
Fig 1-46 Correct Aim Pictures 1-61
AC 71807-C Aug 23
v
Page
Fig 1-47 Breath Control Chart 1-66
Fig 1-48 The Kneeling Position 1-76
Fig 1-49 The Sitting Position 1-77
Fig 1-50 The Standing Position 1-78
Fig 1-51 Use of Cover 1-80
Fig 1-52 The Trigger Mechanism Housing (TMH) 1-85
Fig 1-53 Mechanical Safety 1-86
Fig 1-54 Action on Operating the Trigger 1-87
Fig 1-55 Rearward Movement 1-87
Fig 1-56 Forward Action 1-88
Fig 1-57 Trigger Released 1-88
Fig 1-58 Aiming Off for Wind 1-95
Fig 1-59 The High Port Position 1-98
Fig 1-60 Firing at a Crossing Target 1-102
Fig 1-61 Small Arms Collimator (SAC) 1-107
Fig 1-62 L3A1 SAC Graticule Pattern 1-108
Fig 1-63 Adjusting the Iron Sight for Elevation 1-109
Fig 1-64 Adjusting the Iron Sight for Direction 1-109
Fig 1-65 SAC Confidence Checker 1-111
Fig 1-66 Checking calibration 1-111
Fig 1-67 Boresighting Alignment (Without SAC) 1-112
Fig 1-68 Moving the MPI Up or Down 1-119
Fig 1-69 Moving the MPI Left or Right 1-119
Fig 1-70a Using the Zeroing Chart at 25 Metres 1-120
Fig 1-70b Measuring the Extreme Spread (ES) 1-121
Fig 1-70c Calculating the Mean Point of Impact (MPI) 1-121
Fig 1-71 Calculating adjustments to the Sights 1-121
Fig 1-72 Measuring Permissible Variation 1-122
Fig 3-1 The Blank Firing Attachment (BFA) 3-3
Fig 3-2 The Blank Magazine 3-4
Fig 3-3 Danger Area with BFA Fitted 3-7
Fig 3-4 SBFS Fitted 3-8
AC 71807-C Aug 23
vi
The L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle (5.56 mm) and Associated
Equipment
Introduction
2. This pamphlet provides instructional material on the Cadet GP Rifle to support the
qualified CFAV Skill at Arms Instructor (SAAI) in teaching:
a. The shooting skills to pass the various shoots as laid down in the respective
Single Service Cadet Syllabus.
b. The handling skills to pass the Weapon Handling Tests (WHTs).
c. The maintenance of the weapons.
Weapon Title
3. To avoid confusion when the Cadet GP Rifle is referred to with other rifles, such as
the SA80A2 or A3 (L85A2/A3), its weapon identity number, L98A2 will be used.
Layout of the Pamphlet

4. The pamphlet is laid out in four chapters containing the following:
a. Chapter 1 – The Basic Skills – L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle. The Rifle Lessons
to teach the facts and practice the skills that are required for the CFAV/cadet to
become proficient with the GP Rifle.
b. Chapter 2 – Practice Periods. Contains the practice periods to revise facts
and to practice and develop the skills taught in Chapter 1.
c. Chapter 3 – Notes for the Instructor. Contains additional information on
associated equipment
d. Chapter 4 – Weapon Handling Tests. Contains all of the information
required for qualified instructors to conduct WHT on L98A2 Cadet GP rifle.
5. Details printed in the pamphlet in italics are instructions for the instructor.
Instructional Techniques
6. Skill at Arms Instructors are taught how to deliver lessons on a qualifying course. They
will have an understanding of those basic instructional techniques required to deliver SAA
training. However, very rarely will a squad of cadets/CFAVs all have the same learning
style. It is therefore essential that the instructor has the skills and experience to be able to
adapt their instructional methods to cater for the needs of those being trained. The guiding
principle is that all subject matter must be delivered regardless of the level of experience
and/or previous knowledge of the student.
7. There is of course latitude in the methods which can be employed by the instructor to
deliver this matter, but ultimately the lesson must deliver and practice the students on the
detail contained within the lesson in accordance with the Learning Specifications (LSPECs)
for that lesson.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
vii
8. Instructors are not permitted to omit detail or adapt drills to save time. Instructors
should always consult the Cadet Training Centre (CTC) Frimley if there is any doubt as to
what is required.
9. Prior to any form of Skill at Arms Training the Instructor is to ensure that they are using
the most up to date version of this publication by consulting their respective Cadet Resource
Centre Library.
Safety Precautions
10. Weapon training is of vital importance as incorrect training can lead to dangerous
practice on the range and in the field and therefore must be subjected to rigorous planning
and preparation.
11. Before every lesson, all weapons, magazines, pouches, drill rounds, ammunition
containers must be inspected to ensure that no live ammunition is present. This includes
the removal and thorough search of Viper vests, with all compartments/pouches turned
inside out and inspected by the instructor.
12. Safe System of Training. All elements of the Safe System of Training must be in
place.
a. Safe Persons. All instructors must be qualified, current, and competent on the
weapon(s) being instructed. Cadets must be at the correct stage in the syllabus and
have received all necessary training before progressing.
(1) Basic Lessons and Weapon Handling Tests (WHTs). All the Basic
Lessons in Chapter 1 and the WHT in Chapter 4 must be delivered by a
qualified Skill at Arms Instructor in accordance with (iaw): Cadet Training –
Ranges, Regulations for Cadets Training with Cadet Weapon Systems
and Pyrotechnics.
(2) Practice Periods. The Practice periods are always to be conducted by
a qualified Skill at Arms Instructor or a suitably qualified senior cadet iaw: Cadet
Training – Ranges, Regulations for Cadets Training with Cadet Weapon
Systems and Pyrotechnics. When Senior Cadets are conducting practice
periods:
(a) They must at all times be supervised by a qualified SAA Instructor.
(b) The practice period must be prepared under direction of the
qualified SAA Instructor.
(c) The Cadets being practiced have previously been formally trained
in the drills to be practiced by a qualified SAA Instructor.
b. Safe Equipment. All equipment (including weapons and ammunition) used
must be safe and suitable for service.
c. Safe Practice. All the drills are to be carried out as laid down in this publication
and iaw: Cadet Training – Ranges, Regulations for Cadets Training with Cadet
Weapon Systems and Pyrotechnics.
d. Safe Place. All training should be carried out in authorised and safe areas with
Medical Risk Assessments (MRA) in place. All areas should be checked prior to use.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
viii
Risk to Hearing
13. Live Firing. Issued hearing protection is required by firers, supervisors, and others in
the close vicinity of the firing point or area during all live firing.
14. Blank. Issued hearing protection is required by firers, supervisors, and others in the
close vicinity of the area during all blank firing.
Weapon Training Dress and Equipment

15. The dress and equipment to be worn/carried, by cadets, CFAVs and Instructors for all
weapon training is as follows:
a. Uniform of the day (sleeves rolled down to protect the user’s elbows, when
prone, etc.).
b. Weapon being taught/practiced with sling and appropriate sight.
c. Belt order webbing or Viper vest.
d. Magazines.
e. Maintenance kit.
16. This basic dress and equipment list can be added to as dictated by local conditions
and Rifle Lesson content but should not be less than indicated.
Fig 1-1. The L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle

Coaching
17. Information on Coaching Cadet Live Fire Marksmanship Training (LFMT) can be
found in the Cadet Shooting Manual (CSM) and respective Cadet Single Service
documents.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
ix
Technical Details
L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle
Ammunition
Calibre 5.56mm
Types Ball
Blank
Drill
Round Weight (grams) 12
Mechanical Features
Firing Modes Single Shot
Method of Operation Gas and Spring
Locking Rotary Bolt, Forward Locking
Feed Magazine (30 Rounds)
Firing Characteristics
Muzzle Velocity (metres per second) 930
Recoil (Joules) 4.0
Number of barrel Grooves 6.0
Pitch of Rifling (mm) 1 Turn in 180
Twist of Rifling Right Hand
Sighting
Iron Sight
Foresight Post
Backsight Twin Aperture
Eye Relief (mm) 25
Sight Radius (mm) 290-320
Range Settings (metres) 200
Weights (kg)
Weapon Only 3.300
Magazine Full 0.610
Magazine Empty 0.250
Iron Sight 0.155
Lengths (mm) 773
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-1
Chapter 1
The Basic Skills – L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle
Rifle Lesson 1. General Description, Safety, and the Sights
Instructors Notes
1-01. Aim. To introduce the L98A2 Cadet GP (5.56mm) Rifle, its characteristics and safe
handling.
a. Characteristics of the L98A2 Cadet GP (5.56mm) Rifle.
b. To teach the safety precautions.
c. To teach the fitting of the sling and carriage.
d. To describe the sighting system.
1-02. Timings. Two 40-minute periods (to be covered in one training session).
1-03. Method. A basic indoor instructional lesson or outdoor.
1-04. Stores.
Rifle fitted with iron sight 1 per cadet/CFAV
Sling (not fitted) 1 per cadet/CFAV
Magazines 2 per cadet/CFAV
Maintenance Kit 1 per cadet/CFAV
Table optional
Weapon Stand and pointer optional
Handouts for named parts optional
1-05. Preparation.
a. If required, set up the table and stand and mount the rifle on the stand,
muzzle cover fitted to the Rifle.
b. Position handouts, a sling, combination tool and a rifle under each chair.
1-06. Miscellaneous.
a. The instructor is always to ensure that all rifles present have been
cleared, by them, before the lesson starts and inform the cadets of this fact.
b. The instructor must inform the cadets that the rifle is ONLY to be fired
from the right shoulder. The instructor is to identify all left-handed members
of their squad and inform them each individually of this fact.
c. When handling the parts of the rifle, the instructor is to name them and their
purpose. However, at this stage, the cadet is not expected to memorise all the
names, use of handouts can act as a future reference for cadets.
d. Impress upon the squad that when they are cocking the weapon, the
cocking handle is to be gripped firmly with the forefinger and thumb of the left hand
and only when pulled fully to the rear may it be held, using only the forefinger.
e. Technical details on the weapon (L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle) can be found at
page ix and should be studied before teaching the lesson.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-2
Preliminaries
1-07. Safety Precautions. Inform the squad that the weapons have been cleared and
inspect the squad’s pouches and magazines, this includes the removal of Viper vests and
thorough search, with all compartments/pouches turned inside out and inspected by the
instructor, a student is to inspect the instructor’s pouches.
1-08. At night, weapons must be inspected using a white light torch to ensure that the
chambers are clear.
1-09. The Rifle MUST be fired from the right shoulder. The instructor is to identify
all left-handed members of their squad and inform them each individually of this fact.
1-10. Ensure the squad have their magazines in the left pouch and that it is fastened.
1-11. Organise the squad in pairs and explain that during practice phases of the lesson
they may operate in teams and compete against each other.
1-12. Revision. Revise the Marksmanship Principles.
Introduction
1-13. Explain: The L98A2 5.56mm Cadet GP Rifle is the standard weapon used by cadets
after progression from smallbore weapons, and you must become skilled in its use to enable
you to pass your Weapon Handling Test, shooting tests and whilst at the same time handle
it safely amongst your fellow cadets.
Conduct of the Lesson
Characteristics of the L98A2 Cadet GP (5.56mm) Rifle

1-14. Explain: The L98A2 Cadet GP (5.56mm) Rifle is a magazine fed weapon which is
capable of firing single rounds producing:
a. Accurate. Quick and accurate fire at short range opportunity targets.
b. Control. With its self-loading capability and a 30-round magazine, a high
standard of fire control is necessary to prevent wastage of ammunition.
c. Effective Range. A high rate of accurate, rapid fire at ranges up to 300
metres and accurate deliberate fire at longer ranges.
d. Fire as a Section. It can provide Effective section fire at ranges up to 600
metres.
1-15. Confirm by questions.
The Parts of the Weapon

1-16. Explain: (Name, Reveal, Teach) Point out the following on the rifle (see Fig 1-2):
a. Muzzle cover.
b. Muzzle.
c. Flash eliminator.
d. Hand guard and top cover.
e. Foresight.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-3
f. Sight rail, cheek piece.
g. Safety catch, pistol grip, trigger guard and trigger.
h. Cocking handle, ejection opening and dust cover.
i. Holding open catch.
j. Butt, front, and rear sling loops.
k. Trigger Mechanism Housing (TMH) front and rear locking pins.
l. Magazine housing, magazine catch and bolt release catch.
m. Gas plug, gas cylinder and gas piston.
Note: Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: The instructor is to ensure that the
chamber, body, and face of the bolt are indicated to the cadets during this stage of the Rifle
Lesson. This will ensure that they understand the parts of the weapon in preparation for
NSPs.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-4
a b c d e f
l k j i h g
m n o p q
r s t
a. Muzzle and Flash Eliminator b. Foresight

c. Top Cover d. Carrying Handle and Backsight
e. Cheek Piece f. TMH Rear Locking Pin
g. Rear Sling Loop h. Trigger Housing Mechanism (TMH)
i. Bolt Release j. Magazine Catch
k. TMH Front Locking Pin l. Front Sling Loop
m. Holding Open Catch n. Dust Cover
o. Ejection Opening p. Cocking Handle
q. Safety Catch r. Butt
s. Trigger and Trigger Guard t. Hand Guard
Fig 1-2. The L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle (Named Parts)
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-5
Safety Precautions
1-18. Explain: The Normal Safety Precautions (NSPs) are to be carried out:
a. At the beginning and end of every lesson, practice, or range period (unless
moving immediately onto another SAA Lesson).
b. Immediately on returning to barracks, or on completion of any patrol,
exercise, or duty.
1-19. Explain and Demonstrate, the low port position:
1-20. Explain and Demonstrate with the squad imitating:
a. On the command “For inspection – Port
arms”:
(1) Starting from the ‘Low Port’ position
(see Fig 1-3) advance the left foot, hold the
pistol grip with the right hand, forefinger
outside the trigger guard and bring the rifle
to a horizontal position at waist level.
Support the handguard with the left hand.
(2) Physically ensure the safety catch is at
Safe (S) using the left thumb.
(3) Cock the weapon. To do this, tilt the
rifle slightly to the right and, using the left
hand over the top of the rifle, grip the
cocking handle with the thumb and
forefinger and pull it fully to the rear.
(4) Hold the cocking handle back with the
forefinger, depress the holding open catch
with the thumb, ease the cocking handle
forward so that the catch arrests the forward
movement of the carrier and replace the left
hand underneath the hand guard. Fig 1-3. The Low
Port Position
(5) To inspect the rifle, push it forward and
twist it to the left so that the ejection opening
is uppermost. Look into the opening and ensure the body, chamber and
face of the bolt are clear of ammunition or obstructions (see Fig 1-4).
(6) At night, weapons must be inspected using a white light torch to
ensure that the chambers are clear.
(7) When the rifle is to be inspected by another person, place it with the
ejection opening uppermost on the right shoulder.
b. The instructor is to show their own rifle to a cadet in the squad to prove that
it is clear and then inspect the squad’s rifles to make certain that they are also
clear.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-6
c. On the command “Ease Springs” return the weapon to the horizontal
position.
(1) With the left hand, press down on the bolt release catch, then tap
forward on the cocking handle and grip the handguard.
(2) Put the safety catch to Fire (F) with the right forefinger.
(3) Operate the trigger.
(4) Put the safety catch back to Safe (S) using the left thumb.
(5) Close the dust cover with the left hand by folding it upwards and
backwards so that it engages its slot.
(6) Ground arms, ensuring that the cocking handle is facing upwards.
(Once teaching of the sling has been carried out, cadets will allow the
weapon to hang, freeing their hands).
(7) Unfasten the ammunition pouches and remove the contents.
d. The instructor’s pouches, magazines, and drill rounds (if they have been
issued) are to be inspected by a cadet in the squad.
e. The instructor is to then inspect all pouches and magazines. This includes
the removal and thorough searching of Viper vests, with all compartments/pouches
turned inside out to ensure that there are no live rounds present. If issued, drill
rounds are to be inspected.
f. When the above drills have been completed, the squad are to replace all
magazines in their pouches which are then to be fastened, pick up their weapons
and adopt the ‘Low Port’ position.
1-21. Confirm by question and practice.
Safe Handling: Rifle with No Magazine Fitted

1-22. Explain and Demonstrate: On handing over a rifle to another cadet, if no magazine
is fitted point the muzzle in a safe direction and carry out the “NSP”, showing the recipient
of the weapon that the chamber, body, and face of the bolt is clear. If picking up unattended
rifle carry out “NSP”. Emphasise that the rifle is never to be pointed at anyone in jest.
1-23. Confirm by questions and practice.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-7
Fig 1-4. Inspecting the Face of the Bolt, Body, and Chamber
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1-8
The Sling
1-24. Description. Explain: The sling consists of two lengths of webbing type material
(see Fig 1-5). The longer piece has at one end a female part of a clip and a loop attached;
the other end of the strap is clear. The shorter piece has the male part of the clip at one
end and the adjustment buckle and loop at the other.
Fig 1-5. The Sling
1-25. Fitting. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating:

a. Join the sling together using the male/female clip ensuring that the flat loop
and the ridged edge of the gate are the same way up.
b. Take the sling and lay it flat along the weapon ensuring that the female clip
end is towards the muzzle and the flat plastic loop pointing outwards. Feed the
clear end through the front sling loop (from the muzzle end towards the butt end of
the rifle) and then back through the plastic loop on the strap. Then feed the sling
under the ridged edge on the gate in the base of the male clip and pull tight (Fig
1-6).
Fig 1-6. Sling Fitting (1)
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-9
c. Ensuring that the longer strap remains untwisted, then feed the clear end
through the rear sling loop on the weapon and pull tight (Fig 1-7).

d. Check the shorter strap is not twisted and then feed the clear end of the
longer strap outwards through the main gate of the buckle bar. Finally,
thread the clear end of the longer strap back through the gate in the
buckle (Fig 1-8).

1-26. Removal. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: To remove the sling,
reverse the fitting procedure.
1-27. Confirm by practice, leaving the slings fitted.
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1-10
Carriage
1-28. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: The sling can be used for front slung
carriage or back carriage.
a. The Front Slung Carriage (Fig 1-9). To adopt the front slung carriage,
separate the two straps and insert the head, right arm and shoulder through the
loop formed by the straps. The weapon will now be suspended from the left
shoulder and across the chest. The position of the weapon in relation to the chest
can be adjusted by pulling downwards on the spare material of the clear end of the
longer strap. The rifle can now be moved varying from muzzle upwards to muzzle
pointing down or kept parallel to the ground.
Fig 1-9. Front Slung Carriage
b. Quick Release (Fig 1-10). Operation of the quick release will allow the
weapon to be brought rapidly into the Alert from the front slung carriage.
Fig 1-10. Quick Release
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-11
c. The Back Carriage (Fig 1-11). To adopt the back carriage, re-fasten the
quick release and separate the sling to form two loops. Put an arm through each
loop to position the rifle, muzzle down, in the centre of the back, cocking handle
uppermost.
Fig 1-11. Back Carriage

1-29. Confirm by questions and practice, returning to the front slung carriage.
The Sights
1-30. The Iron Sight. (Fig 1-12). Explain: The Iron Sight is the sighting system for the
Cadet GP Rifle and consists of a foresight block and a carrying handle which incorporates
a dual leaf aperture back sight.
a. The Foresight. Explain: The foresight consists of a blade which is mounted
in the foresight block. At the bottom of the block there is a female dovetail which
fits into a matching male dovetail on the top of the gas block. The two are held
together by a retaining screw. The foresight is protected on both sides by
extensions of the block. The foresight can be adjusted for zeroing by means of the
vertical adjustment screw retained by the locking plunger.
b. The Back Sight and Carrying Handle. Explain: The backsight is
incorporated into a carrying handle which can be fitted to the sight rail by means
of matching dovetails. The handle is positioned by a locating stud, which is secured
by a retaining screw engaging one of three holes in the sight rail and is secured by
two retaining screws. The backsight has two leaf apertures — a small one for
ranges up to 300 metres, and a larger one for use in conditions of low light or
darkness. The apertures are protected by extensions of the carrying handle. A
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-12
horizontal adjusting screw on the right side is used for zeroing and is not to be
tampered with.
Locating Stud
Leaf Aperture
Retaining Screws
Foresight Extension
Vertical
Adjustment
Foresight Screw
Blade Horizontal
Retaining Adjustment
Screw Screw
Locking Plunger
Leaf Aperture Leaf Aperture

Daylight Low Level Light
Fig 1-12. The Iron Sight

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1-13
1-31. Removing the Iron Sight. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: To
remove the Iron Sight:
a. Fully undo the foresight block retaining screw, using the combination tool
(Fig 1-13).
Fig 1-13. Removing the Foresight

b. Slide the foresight block off the dovetail and tighten the screw.
c. Open the top cover. Loosen the retaining screws and the locating stud on
the carrying handle, and then slide the handle forwards and clear of the sight rail
(Fig 1-14).
d. Close the top cover.
Fig 1-14. Removing the Carrying Handle
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1-32. Fitting the Iron Sight. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: To fit the Iron
Sight:
a. Loosen the foresight retaining screw fully, using the combination tool.
b. Ensure that the locking plunger is facing to the rear and mate the dovetail
joints. Check that it is flush front and rear, then tighten the screw; do not over
tighten.
c. Using the combination tool, loosen the carrying handle retaining screws
and undo the locating stud sufficiently for the carrying handle to slide easily along
the dovetail on the sight rail.
d. Open the top cover and slide the carrying handle rearwards onto the sight
rail. Adjust for correct eye relief and tighten the locating stud, ensuring that it has
engaged into one of the three holes on the sight rail. Note the hole selected for
future reference. Tighten the two retaining screws; do not over tighten.
Conclusion
1-34. End of Lesson Drill.
a. Questions from the squad on the entire lesson.
b. Confirm by questions and further practice if time permits.
c. Safety Precautions. Normal.
d. Pack kit.
e. Summary. To include the importance of safe handling.
f. A forecast of the squad’s next lesson on this subject.
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1-15
Rifle Lesson 2. Stripping and Assembling
Instructors Notes
1-35. Aim. To teach the cadet how to strip and assemble the weapon for daily
maintenance.
a. To strip and assemble the rifle.
b. Carry out the function test.
c. To strip and assemble magazines.
1-37. Method. A basic indoor or outdoor lesson.
1-38. Stores.
Rifle fitted with iron sight and sling 1 per cadet/CFAV
Table optional
Poster of named parts optional
1-39. Preparation. Ensure that:
a. Maintenance kits are complete (see Fig 1-37).
b. Maintenance kits are to be placed under the chairs with combination tools
ready to use.
a. Stripping and Assembling.
(1) Stripping is taught in a sequence devised to ensure that parts are
stripped without damage.
(2) To prevent damage to parts, only the correct tools are to be used.
Parts are to be laid out with the TMH locking pins uppermost.
(3) To avoid possible damage to the rifle NO time limit is imposed during
the practice stage of stripping and assembling.
(4) Components are to be laid out in the sequence of stripping on a clean,
dry surface and are to be clean before assembly.
(5) Stripping, other than that taught by the instructor, is to be carried out
only by a qualified Armourer.
(6) If the TMH locking pins come completely out the fact is to be reported
to the Armourer.
(7) The stripping of the bolt carrier assembly into its component parts will
NOT be taught to cadets and therefore is not to be included when teaching
this lesson to cadets. However, occasions may arise when instructors are
required to do this; the procedures for stripping and reassembly are
therefore contained in this lesson. The bolt carrier assembly is ONLY to be
stripped and assembled by CFAVs.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-16
b. The instructor is to name the component parts of the rifle and their function
as they handle them (Fig 1-15).
c. When reassembling the rifle, it is important that the barrel is inspected to
ensure that it is not fouled. To do this hold it up towards the light about 150mm (six
inches) away from the head, muzzle pointing towards the eye; keep both eyes
open and follow the lands and grooves throughout their length.
Preliminaries
1-41. Safety Precautions. Normal.
1-42. Organise the squad in pairs.
1-43. Revision. To include:
1-44. Characteristics of the rifle.
1-45. Safe handling with no magazine fitted.
1-46. Fitting and removal of the sling.
Introduction
1-47. Explain: When a rifle is issued to a cadet it is their responsibility to maintain it in a
serviceable condition at all times. In order to carry out daily maintenance it is essential that
a cadet can strip and assemble the weapon correctly.
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1-17
Main Body
AC 71807-C Aug 23
Recoil Rod and
Spring Assembly
Gas Piston
Bolt Cocking
Gas Plug Carrier Handle
Gas Cylinder
Assembly
Magazine
Body
Magazine Spring
Trigger Mechanism
Assembly
Housing (TMH)
Magazine
Base Plate
Fig 1-15. Component Parts

1-18
Rules for Stripping and Assembling
1-48. Explain: There are certain rules that we follow which are:
a. S - The sequence of stripping is laid down in order to prevent damage to
the weapon components.
b. T - The weapon must never be stripped any further than taught; to do so
may cause damage or danger if reassembled incorrectly.
c. W - Stripping and re-assembly causes wear to the weapon, especially with
the sights and should not be carried out unless it is necessary.
d. D - Any defects that are noticed during inspection must be reported to a
CFAV who will report the fault to the Armourer.
Stripping and Assembly

1-49. Preparation. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: Prepare to strip as
follows:
a. Check that the safety catch is at Safe (S).
b. Cock the weapon, engage the holding open catch, and inspect the body,
chamber, and face of the bolt to ensure they are clear. Allow the working parts to
go forward by operating the bolt release catch. Do not operate the trigger and
do not close the dust cover. The safety catch must remain on safe, and the
hammer must remain cocked throughout the time the weapon is stripped.
c. Remove the sling if fitted.
d. Only remove the Iron Sights if they cannot be properly cleaned, as
continued removal and refitting could affect the zero of the rifle.
1-50. The Trigger Mechanism Housing (TMH). Explain and Demonstrate, the squad
imitating: The TMH is stripped and assembled as follows:
a. To Strip:
(1) Ensure the weapon is horizontal but upside down. Gently withdraw
the rear TMH locking pin and then the front TMH locking pin. By
withdrawing the rear pin first, pressure on the front pin is removed allowing
easy withdrawal of the front pin. Note the groove on the rear pin and push
it back into the body approximately 5mm so that the groove nearest the
body is flush with the outside of its housing (a distinct click should be
heard); this ensures that the end of the pin retains the recoil rod assembly
whilst the TMH is being removed.
(2) Separate the TMH from the body by pulling the butt upwards.
Disengage the TMH from its front catch (see Fig 1-16).
(3) The hammer must never be released whilst the weapon is
stripped as this could lead to damage to the trigger group.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-19
Fig 1-16. Removing the TMH

b. To Assemble:
(1) Check that the front TMH locking pin is withdrawn, and then fit the
TMH by inserting the front end into the recess behind the hand guard. Press
the body and TMH together. Fully engage the TMH front and rear locking
pins.
(2) Ensure the safety catch is at safe (S).
1-51. Confirm by practice, leaving the TMH removed.
Rifle Function Test

1-52. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: After stripping and assembling, the
following test should be carried out to ensure the weapon is functioning correctly:
a. Check that the safety catch is at Safe (S), cock the rifle, forward assist, and
attempt to operate the trigger. It should not fire.
b. Set the safety catch to Fire (F). Then operate the trigger, firing the action.
Whilst holding the trigger back, cock the rifle and forward assist then release the
trigger. The hammer should be felt/heard engaging the main sear. Operate the
trigger and the rifle should fire.
c. Set the safety catch to Safe (S) and close the dust cover.
d. Whilst carrying out the function test any defects identified must be reported
to a CFAV or an Armourer immediately.
Confirm by practice.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-20
1-53. The Recoil Rod and Bolt Carrier Assembly. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad
imitating; To strip and assemble the recoil rod and bolt carrier assembly act as follows:
a. To Strip:
(1) Cover the rear of the recoil rod assembly, withdraw the rear TMH
locking pin and remove the recoil rod assembly under control (Fig 1-17). If
the TMH locking pins come completely out no attempt is to be made to refit
them. The fact is to be reported to an CFAV.
(2) Do not separate the spring from the recoil rod assembly.
(3) Pull the cocking handle to the rear and then carefully withdraw it from
the bolt carrier (Fig 1-18).
(4) Place a hand over the rear of the body; raise the muzzle and remove
the bolt carrier assembly (Fig 1-19).
Fig 1-17. Removing the Recoil Rod and Spring
Fig 1-18. Removing the Cocking handle
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-21
Fig 1-19. Removing the Bolt Carrier

Assembly
b. To Assemble:
(1) Ensure that the barrel is clear from any obstructions. To do this
hold it up towards the light about 150mm (six inches) away from the
head, muzzle pointing towards the eye; keep both eyes open and
follow the lands and grooves throughout their length.
(2) Ensure the same bolt is placed back into the same weapon.
(3) Ensure that the bolt is fully forward in the carrier. Place the carrier into
the weapon and slide far enough forward to align the cocking handle recess
(in the bolt carrier) and the cocking guide (in the body).
(4) Replace the cocking handle through the side of the body and into the
recess in the carrier. Push the carrier fully forward until the locking splines
on the bolt have entered and locked into the barrel extension.
(5) Align the recoil rods and spring with the holes in the back of the
carrier. Push the recoil rod assembly into the weapon until the end of the
assembly is flush to the end of the body.
(6) Push in the TMH rear locking pin to engage the end of the assembly,
but not sufficiently to obstruct the central area which accommodates the
lug of the TMH.
1-54. Confirm by practice, leaving stripped.
1-55. The Bolt Carrier Assembly. The Bolt carrier assembly is ONLY to be stripped and
assembled by CFAV. Explain and demonstrate, the squad imitating.
a. To Strip:
(1) Cup the bolt carrier assembly in the hand and withdraw the firing pin
retaining pin, using the gas plug reamer of the combination tool (Fig 1-20).
(2) Remove the firing pin drawing it from the rear of the bolt (Fig 1-21).
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-22
(3) Pull the bolt fully forward in the carrier and remove the cam stud (Fig
1-22).
(4) Separate the bolt from the carrier.
Fig 1-20. Removing the Firing Pin

Retaining
Fig 1-21. Removing the Firing Pin
Fig 1-22. Removing the Cam Stud

AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-23
e
AC 71807-C Aug 23
a
c
g
f
a
c
b
a. Ejector b. Extractor c. Locking Splines d. Cam Stud Recess

e. Firing Pin f. Firing Pin Hole g. Cam Stud h. Firing Pin Retaining Pin
Fig 1-23. The Bolt Carrier Assembly Stripped
1-24
b. To Assemble:
(1) Ensure the same bolt and firing pin that were stripped are placed back
into the same weapon. Bolts and firing pins are NOT to be interchanged.
(2) Align the ejector on the bolt with the cam stud recess in the bolt-
carrier.
(3) Insert the bolt into the bolt; align the cam stud hole in the bolt with the
front of the cam recess in the carrier.
(4) Hold the cam stud so that the firing pin hole in the stud is aligned to
allow the firing pin to pass through it. Push the cam stud through the recess
in the carrier and into position in the bolt. It is essential that the cam stud is
replaced at this point; failing to do so could cause a breach explosion during
subsequent live firing.
(5) Insert the firing pin through the back of the carrier and ensure it is fully
seated. Replace the firing pin retaining pin from the left side of the bolt
carrier. When correctly seated the retaining, pin is flush with the sides of
the carrier.
1-56. The Gas System. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: To strip and
assemble the Gas System act as follows:
a. To Strip:
(1) Ensure that the weapon is level, but upright; open the top cover.
(2) Grip the gas cylinder with the left hand. With the right hand push the
piston to the rear against the action of its return spring, move the piston out
of alignment with the cylinder, release the pressure and withdraw the piston
and its spring from the weapon (see Fig 1-24). Do not try to separate the
spring from the piston.
(3) Remove the gas cylinder from the gas plug by pulling it to the rear
(see Fig 1-25). Point out the gas setting positions (N - Normal, E - Excess,
O - Off).
(4) To remove the gas plug, depress the plunger on the front of the plug,
ensuring it is not in the 12 or 6 o’clock position, and withdraw the plug
backwards through the gas block ensuring that you do not rotate it (see Fig
1-26).
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-25
Fig 1-25. Removing the Gas piston
Fig 1-25. Removing the Gas Cylinder

AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-26
Fig 1-26. Removing the Gas Plug

b. To Assemble:
(1) To replace the gas plug, insert it into the rear of the gas block, depress
the plunger, ensuring it is not in the 12 or 6 o’clock position, and push the
plug through the block. Rotate the plug until the plunger is aligned with the
recess on the front of the gas block marked ‘N’(Normal).
(2) Fit the cylinder back on to the rear of the gas plug and hold it in
position with the left hand with the knurled end away from the gas block.
(3) Turn the weapon on its side and carefully feed the spring end of the
piston back into the central hole above the barrel extension; push the piston
against the action of its spring and align, then engage the front of the piston
with the recess at the rear of the cylinder. If it is difficult to locate the central
hole, look through the ventilation slits in the body.
(4) Close the top cover.
1-57. Confirm by practice and questions on part names and gas settings, leave weapon
stripped.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-27
1-58. The Handguard. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: The handguard
should only be removed if the inside becomes extremely dirty or wet. It should not normally
be removed for daily cleaning.
a. To Remove:
(1) Unscrew the front sling loop keeper screw and remove the front sling
loop. (The screw should be attached to the sling loop for safe keeping).
(2) Open the top cover and slide the handguard forward over the muzzle
(see Fig 1-27).
Fig 1-27. Removing the Handguard

b. To Replace:
(1) Ensure that the top cover is open. Slide the handguard over the
muzzle and reposition the two lugs into the handguard.
(2) Replace the front sling loop and keeper screw (ensure that the sling
loop is positioned on the left-hand side of the weapon). Close the top cover.
1-59. Confirm by practice.
1-60. Final Practice. Stripping and assembling the complete rifle, leaving assembled.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-28
Rifle Function Test
1-61. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: After stripping and assembling, the
following test should be carried out to ensure the weapon is functioning correctly:
a. Check that the safety catch is at Safe (S), cock the rifle, forward assist, and
attempt to operate the trigger. It should not fire.
b. Set the safety catch to Fire (F). Then operate the trigger, firing the action.
Whilst holding the trigger back, cock the rifle and forward assist then release the
trigger. The hammer should be felt/heard engaging the main sear. Operate the
trigger and the rifle should fire.
c. Set the safety catch to Safe (S) and close the dust cover.
d. Whilst carrying out the function test any defects identified must be reported
to a CFAV or an Armourer immediately.
Magazines
1-63. Magazines for the rifle are available in either steel or polymer construction. The
procedure for stripping and assembly is the same.
1-64. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating:
a. To Strip:
(1) Magazines should be stripped if they have been exposed to
conditions likely to produce a build-up of mud, sand or rust. Great care must
be taken when stripping the magazine. Too much force used to disengage
the bottom plate will soon render the magazine unserviceable.
(2) Hold the magazine with the bottom plate uppermost. Using the
combination tool depress the base of the spring located in the centre of the
bottom plate (see Fig 1-28) and slide the bottom plate to the rear until the
tongue at the front of the plate disengages from the slot in the magazine
body. Release the pressure on the spring until the tongue at rear of the
plate is free from its slot in the magazine body. Remove the bottom plate.
(3) The spring and platform may now be carefully fed out through the
bottom of the magazine.
(4) The platform must not be removed from the spring. If the spring comes
loose from the platform, it must be replaced correctly, or stoppages will
occur. The bottom loop on the spring must be located under the two lugs
on the inside of the platform and not to one side.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-29
Fig 1-28. Stripping the Magazine
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-30
b. To Assemble:
(1) Ensure that the platform is pointed in the right direction, and the spring
is fitted correctly. Insert it and the spring into the magazine body.
(2) Press the spring in, until the tongue at the rear of the bottom plate
engages in its slot in the body. Depress the base of the spring (using the
combination tool) to enable the bottom plate to slide forward until the
tongue at the front of the plate engages the slot in the magazine body.
Release the pressure on the spring.
(3) It is important that the bottom plate is correctly engaged. Failure to do
this will result in stoppages.
Conclusion
b. Confirm by questions and further practice as time permits.
d. Pack kit.
e. Summary. To include the following:
(1) The importance of preventative maintenance, report to a CFAV or
armourer any case of damage or malfunction.
(2) Remind the squad that the sequence of stripping is laid down in order
to prevent damage to the various components and that stripping must only
be carried out for a purpose, such as cleaning and maintenance.
(3) The rifle must never be stripped further than taught. To do so is
dangerous and can cause damage to the weapon.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-31
Rifle Lesson 3. Basic Handling Drills
Instructors Notes
1-67. Aim. To teach the basic operating drills and safe handling.
a. Recognition of types and care of ammunition and magazines, and how to
fill magazines.
b. Ready ammunition.
c. Sight Setting.
d. How to load, make ready, unload, and make safe.
e. The safety handling rules when a magazine is fitted.
1-69. Method. A basic instructional lesson best suited to indoors.
1-70. Stores.
Magazine platform depressors (1p coin) 1 per magazine
Magazine charger 1 per cadet/CFAV
5.56 mm drill rounds 3 per cadet/CFAV
H83/M2 Containers 1 of each (if available)
30-round cardboard cartons 1 of each (if available)
Representative pictures of Blank & Ball
Rds 1
1-71. Preparation.
a. Layout or issue all the stores required by each student.
b. Check adjustment of slings.
a. If a weapon is cocked incorrectly with drill rounds in the magazine
stoppages may occur, resulting in damaged drill rounds. Fitting an empty magazine
with a depressor will prevent this. Depressors can be improvised using a one
penny coin.
b. The magazine depressor is inserted below the lips of the magazine (see
Fig 1-29). It depresses the platform and allows the bolt carrier assembly to return
forward when the weapon is cocked, instead of being held to the rear by an empty
magazine.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-32
Fig 1-29. Magazine Platform Depressor Fitted

Preliminaries
1-73. Safety Precautions. Normal (to include checking of Drill Rounds).
chambers are clear.
1-75. Check the Iron Sight is set to the Battle Setting.
1-76. Explain and demonstrate how to fit a depressor in a magazine then order the squad
to fit depressors to one of their magazines. The instructor is to check that the depressor is
correctly fitted before the magazines are put away in the pouches.
1-77. Organise the squad in pairs.
1-78. Revision. Safe handling.
Introduction
1-79. Explain: It is important that the cadet is able to recognise the various types of
ammunition and can fill magazines with loose rounds. It is essential that the cadet is
capable of maintaining the rifle in a state of readiness under all conditions and is able to
handle it safely.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-33
Description of Ammunition
1-80. Explain: (Name Revel Teach) Ammunition consists of the following:
a. All ammunition is rimless; its calibre is 5.56mm and this together with
manufacturing information is stamped on the base of each cartridge.
b. Ammunition is normally issued in H83 or M2 containers (Fig 1-30 Ball)
containing 900 rounds in carboard cartons of 30 rounds (ball or blank) containers
(Fig 1-31 Blank).
c. Three natures of ammunition are issued:
(1) Ball. (see Fig 1-32). This has a smooth brass cartridge case, a
jacketed bullet with a percussion cap in the base.
(2) Blank. (see Fig 1-33). This round has an extended smooth brass
case but no bullet. The top of the case is closed by crimping and there is a
percussion cap in the base.
(3) Drill. Either a silver-coloured, grooved case and a copper jacketed
bullet, or a solid machined single piece round all silver in colour; neither of
which have a percussion cap.
d. Only issued ammunition is to be used.
Fig 1-30. H83 Container (Ball)
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-34
Fig 1-31. H83 Container (Blank)
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-35
Fig 1-32. The Ball Round
Fig 1-33. The Blank Round
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-36
Care of Ammunition and Magazines
1-82. Explain: Always look after ammunition, keep it clean, dry and free from oil. In
addition:
a. Never let it lie in the direct rays of the sun as this can cause inaccuracies.
b. Never use a round as a tool.
c. Tampering with ammunition is dangerous and is forbidden.
d. Damaged rounds are not to be fired and should be handed into an CFAV.
e. Magazines are to be inspected regularly. Damaged magazines will cause
stoppages.
1-83. Carriage of Magazines. Explain: Magazines are to be carried with the platform
uppermost when in pouches. This will ensure that the magazine lips are not damaged if
CEFO is dropped.
‘Ready’ Ammunition
1-85. Explain: On blank firing exercises, ‘Ready’ ammunition is defined as follows:
a. The cadet/CFAV will normally carry two full magazines, one fitted to the
rifle and one in the ammunition pouches.
b. Extra ammunition may also be carried in boxes, or possibly as loose
rounds, and used to refill magazines during a lull. Ammunition which is no longer
in a sealed container is only to be carried loaded on the weapon or in ammunition
pouches.
c. Conservation of ammunition is to be kept in mind. High rates of fire that are
possible with the rifle are to be strictly controlled, in order to limit ammunition
resupply problems.
Filling Magazines
1-87. Explain: The magazine will hold 30 rounds, during training fill with the number and
type of rounds ordered. Before filling any magazine inspect it for signs of damage,
particularly in the area of the guide lips and magazine platform.
1-88. Filling with Loose Rounds. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: To fill
with loose rounds:
a. After inspecting the magazine, grip in the left or right hand and position it
on a firm surface, ensure the back of the magazine is facing away from the body.
Push the rounds into the magazine, one by one, making sure that they are correctly
seated with the base of each round right up against the magazine rear wall (Fig 1-
34).
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-37
Emptying Magazines
1-89. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: (see Fig 1-35). Grasp the magazine
with one hand with the bullet pointing downwards, with the thumb push the base of the
round forward so that it disengages from the guide lips. It may be necessary to twist and
pull it clear with the free hand
1-90. Confirm by questions and practice, leaving one magazine filled at the end of
practice.
Fig 1-34. Rounds Correctly Seated
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Fig 1-35. Emptying the Magazine
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Using a Magazine Charger
1-91. Using the Magazine Charger. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating (see
Fig 1-36): To use the magazine charger:
a. After inspecting the magazine, grip it in the left hand and position it on a firm
surface; ensure the back of the magazine is facing away from the body.
b. Fit the wide end of the magazine charger onto the back of the magazine and
ensure it is fully seated.
c. Place a clip of 10 rounds into the magazine charger.
d. With the right thumb on the top round, push down until all the rounds are fed
into the magazine. Remove and discard the clip.
e. Each time a clip is fed, ensure that the base of the last round is firmly up against
the rear wall of the magazine (Fig 1-36).
f. Fill all the magazines and then place the magazine charger away in the pouch.
Fig 1-36 Magazine Filling Charger Fitted

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Sight Setting
1-92. Explain: There are two apertures which are changed by pushing the leaf backwards
or forwards. The leaf with the small aperture is stamped with 200 metres. This is the ‘Battle
Setting’ and is used to engage targets from 0–300 metres. At night or in poor visibility the
larger one should be used.
Load, Ready and Unload

1-94. Rifle States. Explain: The weapon is loaded when it has a magazine fitted. It is
ready to fire when the weapon is cocked, and a round is in the chamber. It is unloaded
when it has no magazine fitted and no round in the chamber.
1-95. Explain and Demonstrate with the squad imitating:
a. On the command “Load” (Instructor to nominate either a magazine with 3
Drill rds or fitted with a penny depressor).
(1) Advance the left foot. Place the rifle in the horizontal position at waist
belt level as previously taught.
(2) Check that the safety catch is at Safe (S), tilt the weapon to the right
and open the ammunition pouch with the left hand.
(3) Take a full magazine from the pouch or one containing the number of
rounds ordered and check that the top rounds are positioned correctly.
(4) Place the magazine into the magazine housing and then place the
heel of the left hand under the base of the magazine and push up firmly
until the magazine catch engages. Make certain it is secure. DO NOT
STRIKE THE BOTTOM OF THE MAGAZINE AS THIS MAY DISLODGE
THE TOP ROUND RESULTING IN A STOPPAGE.
(5) Ensure the magazine is fitted securely, then fasten the pouch and
return the left hand to the handguard.
b. On the command “Ready” or a range being Ordered:
(1) Adopt the ‘Alert’ position (see Fig 1-37). Bring the butt into the
shoulder, point the muzzle down.
(2) Check that the safety catch is at Safe (S).
(3) Set the sights to the Battle Setting. Cock the rifle. Ensure that the
cocking handle is released cleanly when it is fully to the rear. Ensure the
bolt is fully locked by tapping forward on the cocking handle with the left
hand.
(4) Return the left hand to the hand guard.
(5) The forefinger is to be clear of the trigger and is to be placed along
the side of the trigger guard.
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Fig 1-37. Alert Position
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c. On the command “Unload”:
(1) Bring the rifle into the horizontal position. Ensure that the right
forefinger is outside the trigger guard.
(2) Ensure the safety catch to Safe (S) and open the pouch.
(3) Tilt the weapon to the right. Grip the magazine with the left hand, then
depressing the magazine catch with the thumb, remove the magazine, and
place it in the pouch.
(4) IT IS ESSENTIAL FOR SAFETY REASONS THAT THE MAGAZINE
BE REMOVED AT THIS POINT.
(5) Tilt the weapon slightly to the right, cock the weapon and engage the
holding open catch. Tilt the weapon to the left so that the ejection opening
is upper most. Replace the left hand on the handguard.
(6) Inspect the body; chamber and face of the bolt carefully to ensure
they are clear (see Fig 1-4). Look at the magazine housing to ensure that
the magazine has been removed. Once more, check the condition of the
body, chamber, and face of the bolt as an added precaution to avoid an
unintended discharge. At night these checks must be conducted with
white light. Operate the bolt release catch to allow the working parts to go
forward then tap forward on the cocking handle.
(7) Place the safety catch to Fire (F) and operate the trigger. Return the
safety catch to Safe (S). Ensure the sights are set at the Battle Setting.
(8) Close the dust cover, pick up the ejected round then clean and replace
it in the magazine. Fasten the pouch.
Note:
(a) To prevent possible injury to the face or eye from ejected rounds, the weapon
is to be tilted to the right, when cocking during the unload.
(b) When unloading in darkness or thick vegetation, care should be taken to
direct ejected rounds close to your position so that the ammunition can be readily
recovered.
1-96. Confirm by practice using magazines with drill rounds or a penny depressor fitted,
leaving the weapon loaded.
Making Safe
1-97. Explain. Making Safe is carried out when weapons are made ready but need to be
loaded but not made ready.
1-98. Explain and Demonstrate as necessary: On the command “Make Safe”, (Instructor
to nominate either a magazine with 3 Drill rds or fitted with a penny depressor), unload as
taught then put on a full magazine or a magazine with the number of rounds ordered.
1-99. Confirm by practice leaving the weapon loaded.
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Loading Positions
1-100. Explain: These drills are normally carried out in the standing position and the cadet
will subsequently adopt any firing position which may be ordered. Should they be required
to load the weapon in any other position they are to be given the order “kneeling, etc Load”.
The Weapon is unloaded in the position adopted at the time the order is given to unload.
Safe Handling with a Magazine Fitted

1-101. Explain: Once ordered to load the rifle, the cadet is to keep it loaded until ordered
to unload. At all times they are responsible for the safe handling of the weapon and are to
ensure that:
a. The safety catch is always at Safe (S) unless the situation demands
otherwise, the finger is to be off the trigger and the muzzle is to be pointed in a
safe direction.
b. If a weapon has to be carried in a vehicle it is to be unloaded and correctly
slung or secured in the rack provided.
c. The rifle is unloaded on command or when you can no longer ensure its
safety, such as when handing it over to, or leaving it under the guard of another
cadet. On handing over a rifle to another cadet, if the magazine is fitted carry
out a complete unload, then carry out a “NSP”, showing the recipient of the
weapon that the chamber, body, and face of the bolt is clear.
d. If it is necessary to pick up a rifle with a magazine fitted, the weapon is
unloaded as taught.
e. The rifle is never to be pointed at anyone in jest.
1-102. Confirm by questions and practice. Use the commands: “Load”, “Ready”, “Make
Safe” and “Unload”. Order individuals to hand their weapons to each other.
Conclusion
b. Questions to the squad and final practice as time permits.
c. Empty all magazines and withdraw the drill rounds and magazine
depressors.
d. Safety Precautions. Normal.
(1) The importance of cocking the weapon cleanly.
(2) The importance of the magazine being removed first, before cocking
the weapon during the unload.
(3) The importance of safe and correct handling.
(4) The need to care for ammunition.
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Rifle Lesson 4. Cleaning and Maintenance
Instructors Notes
1-104. Aim. To teach cleaning and maintenance of the rifle.
a. The contents and use of the maintenance kit.
b. Cleaning and maintenance:
(1) On camp and in the detachment.
(2) When in a harbour or a patrol base.
(3) When firing.
1-107. Stores.
Table optional
Pointer 1
Oil and cleaning materials as required
Ground Sheets optional
1-108. Preparation. Ensure that:
a. Maintenance kits are complete and under chairs (see Fig 1-37).
b. There is sufficient oil and prepared flannelette for squad use.
1-109. Miscellaneous. This lesson should be broken into two phases. The first phase
should cover cleaning in a detachment environment and in patrol base or harbour location.
The second phase deals with cleaning and maintenance for range work and dry training;
this should also be repeated after the cadet’s first Live Firing and Exercise.
Preliminaries
1-110. Safety Precautions. Normal. Explain that stripping the rifle in any other sequence
than taught in Rifle Lesson 2 is only to be carried out when directed by a qualified Adult
SAAI.
1-111. Revision. Stripping and assembling. Leave rifles and one magazine stripped at the
end.
Introduction
1-112. Explain: It is a cadet’s duty to maintain the weapon when issued. The cleaning and
maintenance regime will vary depending on the location, be it in detachment or range work
and dry training. This lesson deals with how to clean the Cadet GP Rifle.
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The Maintenance Kit
1-113. Contents (see Fig 1-38). Explain and indicate: The maintenance kit consists of the
following:
a. Oil Bottle b. Muzzle Cover

c. Two Piece Cleaning Rod d. GP Wire Brush
e. Cleaning Rod Handle f. GP Soft Brush
g. Barrel extension Cleaner h. Pull Through
i. Combination Tool j. Bore Brush
k. Chamber/Barrel Extension Brush l. Gas Block Brush
Fig 1-38. The Maintenance Kit
1-114. Lack of lubrication of the weapon is the greatest cause of stoppages. Failure
to keep a serviceable maintenance kit compounds the problem. Special attention
should be made to keeping oil bottles full.
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a b c d e
f g h
a. Gas Cylinder Reamer

b. Cleaning Rod Spanner
c. Gas Vent Reamer Point
d. SUSAT Zeroing Spanner
e. Screwdriver (1. Iron Sight Locating Stud 2. SUSAT Direction Zero)
f. Gas Plug Reamer
g. Gas Regulator Adjustment / Iron Sight Adjustment
h. Screwdriver - Iron Sight
Fig 1-39. The Combination Tool
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Cleaning the Component Parts.
1-116. Explain and Demonstrate:
a. The cleaning rod is used only in conjunction with the chamber brush. The
sections of rod screw together to form a rigid unit with a handle. If at any time the
sections do not form a close, smooth joint they are not to be used. The flat surfaces
in the rod fit into the combination tool which can be used to unscrew the rod.
b. The bore brush is only to be used to clean the bore; oil is to be applied to
assist in removing fouling and stains from within the bore. It can only be attached
to the pull-through; when used it is only to be drawn from the chamber end of the
barrel.
c. The chamber/barrel extension brush is not to be used for any other purpose
than cleaning the chamber and barrel extension. It is only to be used with the
cleaning rod.
d. The pull-through can be used to draw a swab or the bore brush through
the barrel; it must first be unravelled and stretched to remove any kinks. A swab
can be fitted, folded in half/lengthways into the eyelet an equal amount of swab
should protrude either side.
e. Swabs are mainly used to clean and lubricate the bore. They are 45mm x
45mm if they are any larger than they may jam in the barrel. They may also be
used for general cleaning.
f. The carbon removing pad’s main purpose is to remove any carbon fouling
after firing; they can also be used with oil to remove rust. They are not to be used
on the black parkerised coated parts of the weapon as they will remove it.
g. The general purpose of the soft brush is used to clean dust and dirt from
the internal areas of the weapon, in particular the TMH.
h. The gas block brush is used to clean carbon deposits from inside the gas
block. It may also be used to assist in cleaning the inside of the gas cylinder. It is
not to be used for functions fulfilled by the GP wire brush.
i. The toothbrush-like general purpose wire brush is used to clean any gas
affected parts for which no specific item of the kit is provided. It is most effective
on carbon after heavy deposits have first been scraped off using a part of the
combination tool. The removal of burn marks around the gas vent areas and final
clean are still best achieved by the use of the carbon removal pads.
j. The barrel extension cleaner (a disposable foam swab) is used to clean/
lubricate inside the difficult to clean barrel extension, it can also be used to
clean/lubricate other difficult to reach areas.
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Frequency of Cleaning and Maintenance.
1-118. Explain: The frequency of cleaning and maintenance of a weapon should be
decided by its use. For instance, if it has been in an armoury and not fired or used in dry
training there will be no need to strip the weapon down. A surface clean and pull-through
of the barrel followed by re-lubrication would suffice. If the cleanliness of a weapon is in
doubt, then it must be stripped, inspected and those parts requiring cleaning, cleaned.
Levels of Cleaning and Maintenance

1-119. Explain. The level of cleaning and maintenance to be carried out will depend upon
the situation. It is important for commanders and cadets to understand what these are:
a. Camp/Detachment. The camp/detachment clean should be used by the
cadet between training exercises to bring their weapon back up to the highest
standards possible. This is achieved by cleaning and inspection at appropriate
intervals as directed by commanders and supported by local armourers. As stores
and equipment support are more readily available, replacement parts and
maintenance should not be a problem. Excessive cleaning should be avoided as
this could lead to excess wear and breakage of parts.
b. Harbour or Patrol Base. In a harbour position or patrol base, all cleaning
of weapons and magazines should be carried out using the buddy-buddy system.
Although there is no time limit, swift and practiced drills are required that ensure
all parts including the magazines are cleaned, inspected for serviceability and well
lubricated on reassembling. All faults should be reported up the chain straight away
so that replacement or repair action can be initiated. This should also be the time
to use the resupply chain for refilling oil bottles, replacing worn cleaning equipment
and obtaining more flannelette.
c. Firing. See paragraph 1-125.
Cleaning and Maintenance in Camp or Detachment

1-120. Cleaning. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: To clean, carry out the
following:
a. Ensure that the weapon is unloaded and stripped as taught.
b. Use the GP soft brush to remove any loose fouling or debris from the
weapon and its components.
c. With a piece of lightly oiled flannelette clean the outside of the weapon then
wipe dry.
d. Fit the chamber/barrel extension brush to the cleaning rod and insert it into
the chamber ensuring that the brass flange at the rear of the brush is up against
the rear face of the barrel extension, oil can be applied to the brush to assist in
cleaning. Using a clockwise rotating action dislodge any fouling and debris. If the
weapon is held muzzle pointing up, the fouling will fall out when the brush is
removed. Remove the brush, wrap a flannelette patch around the bristles and re-
insert it for a final clean. If necessary, use the barrel extension cleaner to remove
any residue left.
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e. Using the barrel extension cleaner, clean the fouling from inside the barrel
extension.
f. Using the GP soft brush and flannelette, clean the inside of the body.
g. Wipe clean the piston, the gas cylinder, and the gas plug. Carbon fouling
is removed by the GP wire brush, gas block cleaning brush and reamers on the
combination tool which will be practiced after the introductory Shoot.
h. Pull the barrel through with a well lubricated bore brush. Then pull it through
a number of times alternating between dry and oily swabs.
i. Examine the barrel for cleanliness. To do this hold it up towards the light
about 150mm away from the head, muzzle to the eye; keep both eyes open and
follow the lands and grooves throughout their length.
j. If needed clean the barrel again. If after a thorough cleaning the barrel does
not appear to be clean or there is something unusual apparent show it to an CFAV.
k. Gas parts should be cleaned with the issued brushes together with an oily
carbon removing pad. In addition, the reamers on the combination tool should be
used to clean: (see Fig 1-39)
(1) The gas plug ports using the gas port reamer.
(2) The gas plug bore using the gas plug reamer.
(3) The gas cylinder using the gas cylinder reamer.
l. Dry clean the whole of the weapon and examine it for any damage.
m. Magazines should be stripped and dry-cleaned. Abrasive materials should
not be used, i.e., Scotchbrite, as this will remove the coating on the magazine body.
1-122. Inspection for Damage. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: Prior to
lubricating the weapon inspect, with the assistance of an CFAV, the following for any
damage:
a. Bolt and Carrier.
(1) Bolt. Cracks or fractures, especially in the cam stud recess area.
(2) Firing Pin. Bent, cracked, blunted.
(3) Cam Stud. Cracked or chipped.
(4) Firing Pin Retaining Pin. Bent or badly worn.
(5) Extractor/Ejector. Check the extractor and ejector for chipped or
broken edges in the area of the lip that engages the cartridge rim.
(6) Recoil Rod Assembly. Check the springs are not bent or damaged
and the recoil rod and control rods are not damaged or loose.
(7) Cocking Handle. Check for cracks or fractures and that the pin is not
bent or damaged.
b. TMH. Check the TMH for damage or wear. Pay particular attention to the
bolt release catch and the safety catch.
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c. The Body. Check for damage or wear.
d. The Gas System.
(1) The Piston and spring. Check for cracks or fractures. Ensure the
spring is not bent or damaged.
(2) The Gas Plug. Check for cracks or fractures. Check that the plunger
operates freely and is not bent.
(3) Gas Cylinder. Check for any cracks or fractures particularly around
the area of the gas escape holes.
e. Magazines.
(1) The magazine lips. Are they distorted or bent?
(2) The body of the magazine. Is it dented?
(3) The platform. Is it distorted or dented?
(4) The spring. Is it loose, distorted or stretched?
f. Ammunition.
(1) Is it clean?
(2) Is it dry?
(3) Are any rounds damaged?
g. If any damage or excess wear is found the weapon should be taken initially
to a Cadet Force Adult Volunteer for confirmation and then to the armourer for
remedial action. Any faulty/damaged ammunition is to be exchanged.
1-123. Lubrication. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: For normal daily use
lubricate the weapon as follows (see Fig 1-40):
a. TMH. Lubricate the outside of the TMH. Place a few drops of oil on the
safety catch, front locking pin, magazine release catch, and holding opening
device. Move them a few times to spread the lubrication. Place a few drops of oil
on the springs in the trigger mechanism.
b. Body. Lubricate the inside and outside of the body. Using the swab and a
drop of oil lubricate the barrel extension. Oil the barrel and chamber, place a few
drops of oil on rear locking pin and move it a few times to spread the lubrication.
Place some oil on the cocking guide.
c. Bolt and Carrier. Lubricate the firing pin and firing pin recess in the bolt,
cam stud area and the outside of the bolt body. Place a few drops of oil under the
ejector and move it a few times to spread the lubrication. Lubricate the base of the
bolt carrier. Lightly lubricate the cocking handle. Lubricate the recoil rod assembly.
d. The Gas System. Lubricate the gas piston spring, gas plug and gas
cylinder.
e. Magazines. Lubricate the inside spring. Wipe down the outside with a
slightly oily cloth.
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Fig 1-40. Lubrication Chart

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Cleaning and Maintenance in a Harbour or Patrol Base.
1-125. General. Explain: Whilst in the field, the priority is to ensure that the rifle functions
correctly and not that every speck of dirt or carbon is removed.
1-126. Sequence. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad Imitating: Whilst in a harbour or
patrol base, commanders will decide on the number of weapons to be cleaned at any one
time. The following is the regime in order of priority:
a. Unload, then cock the weapon, and engage the holding opening catch.
b. Using the barrel extension cleaner and oil, clean and liberally lubricate the
barrel extension, the face of the bolt, the locking splines and the chamber.
c. Remove the muzzle cover or if fitted BFA; pull the barrel through with a
lubricated swab, then a dry one. Replace the muzzle cover or BFA ensuring that it
is correctly fitted. Allow the working parts to go forward. Do not operate the trigger.
d. Remove the TMH, dust the TMH with the brush GP and a piece of
flannelette. Liberally lubricate the safety catch, holding opening device and trigger
mechanism.
e. Inside the upper receiver liberally lubricate the recoil rods, return spring
guide rail, and bolt carrier.
f. Replace the TMH, conduct the function test then reload.
g. Open the top cover; remove the piston, cylinder, and gas plug. Remove
any large carbon deposits then re-lubricate and assemble.
Range Work, Dry Training and Blank Firing

1-128. Explain: For range work and blank firing the procedures below are to be followed:
a. Before Firing. The weapon should already be clean from being previously
cleaned in the detachment/camp or the harbour area/patrol base. Inspect the rifle
to determine if it requires additional lubrication, if so, re-lubricate as previously
taught.
b. During Firing. Whilst firing, if any opportunity exists, lubricate as for
cleaning and maintenance regime in a harbour or patrol base.
c. After Firing. As soon as possible after any firing, a light film of oil should
be applied to all gas affected parts. If possible, the oil should be allowed to work
on the rifle for a minimum of 30 minutes after which daily cleaning should be carried
out.
Adverse Conditions
1-130. The Effect on Small Arms. Explain: The types of weather conditions encountered
and their effects on the rifle must be understood so they can be effectively dealt with.
a. Heat. This might take the form of a number of differing effects:
(1) Overheating can occur quicker if the temperature rises.
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(2) Weapon accuracy may alter during the day due to temperature
variations.
(3) Metal parts may become extremely hot and uncomfortable to hold.
b. Heavy Rain. Rust may form quickly.
1-131. Cleaning in Adverse Conditions. Explain:
a. Heavy Rain and Damp Conditions. Inspect frequently for rust and remove
it as normal. Liberally lubricate the weapon with oil.
b. Dry, Sandy, or Dusty Conditions. In such conditions the rifle must be kept
dry; this will be best achieved by sweating it in the sun and wiping off any exuding
oil. If rust appears remove it as normal but take care to remove any oil that may
have been used. Occasionally empty magazines and tip out any grit. Do the same
with the TMH, firstly removing it from the rifle, but only when ordered to do so.
c. Immersion in Water. If the rifle should become immersed in water, the
following should be carried out prior to attempting to fire:
(1) Unload the weapon.
(2) Remove the muzzle cap or BFA if fitted.
(3) Cock the weapon, engage the holding opening catch.
(4) With the rifle held vertically it should be shaken vigorously several
times up and down.
Conclusion
b. Confirm by questions and practice as time permits and replenish the
lubricants and cleaning materials as necessary.
d. Pack kit.
(1) The importance of carrying out thorough maintenance and reporting
the fact if anything unusual is suspected.
(2) The need to use the cleaning equipment correctly and, in particular to
use the correct size of flannelette.
(3) A reminder that stripping must only be carried out for a purpose, such
as cleaning and maintenance. The rifle must never be stripped further than
taught; to do so is dangerous.
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Rifle Lesson 5. Holding and Aiming in the Prone Position
(1st, 2nd, and 3rd Marksmanship Principles)
Instructors Notes
1-134. Aim. To teach the cadet to hold the rifle correctly in the prone position and aim
correctly.
a. Adopting the prone position.
b. Holding and breathing.
c. Adjusting for eye relief and aiming.
1-136. Method. A basic instructional lesson, preferably outdoors.
1-137. Stores.
Magazine platform depressors 1 per magazine
Figure Targets/Representative Figure Targets as required
Aiming Aids 1 per cadet/CFAV
Screwdriver/combination tool 1 per instructor
Landscape Target optional
1-138. Preparation.
a. Instructors should have a thorough knowledge of the Marksmanship
Principles. Such knowledge will allow instructors to correct faults effectively and to
offer sound advice to improve cadets’ marksmanship skills.
b. If the lesson is to be taken outdoors put targets at 100 metres or position
representative targets.
c. If the lesson has to be taken indoors, sufficient floor space must be
provided so that cadets can build up their positions correctly with representative
targets positioned.
d. Until correct eye relief has been established ensure that all Iron Sights are
moved fully forward on the sight mount.
e. Position, or issue, all the stores required by each cadet.
a. The rifle is designed to be fired from the right shoulder only. Even if a cadet
has their left eye as their master eye, the cadet is to be trained to aim using their
right eye. To determine if the right eye is the master eye focus on an object with
both eyes open and then point at that object with the index finger. Close the left
eye and if the index finger remains pointing at the object the right eye is the master
eye. Repeat this process with the right eye and if the index finger remains pointing
at the object the left eye is the master eye.
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b. Firing from the prone position with the magazine rested is taught and
practiced during this lesson and referred to as the prone supported position.
Firing in the prone position without resting the magazine is referred to as the
prone unsupported position. Firing from the prone supported position is to be
encouraged, especially when firing from longer ranges. However,
instructors/coaches should ensure that the prone unsupported position is
mastered and practiced prior to adopting the prone supported position.
c. Eye Relief. Rifles are of a standard length. The Iron Sight is adjusted so
the optimum eye relief can be achieved.
1-140. Cadets are to be closely supervised when carrying out adjustments for eye relief.
Preliminaries
1-142. Fit platform depressors to all magazines. Identify the master eye.
1-143. Revision.
a. Loading, ready, make safe and unload. Leave the weapons loaded.
b. Question cadets on the marksmanship principles if previously taught.
Introduction
1-144. Explain: It is essential that cadets are capable of firing their rifle accurately under
all conditions. This can best be achieved if the cadet understands and applies the
marksmanship principles:
a. The position and hold must be firm enough to support the weapon.
b. The weapon must point naturally at the target without undue physical effort.
c. Sight alignment and the sight picture must be correct.
d. The shot must be released and followed through without undue disturbance
to the position.
1-145. The application of these principles demands concentration, combined with a
determination to shoot well. This lesson covers the first three of these principles. The fourth
is covered in the next lesson.
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The Prone Unsupported Position
1-146. Explain. The basic shooting position is the prone unsupported position since it gives
the firer best support, presents a small target to the enemy and is the least tiring. The firer
may adopt variations of this position depending on their height and build however the
chosen position must provide maximum support.
1-147. Explain and Demonstrate: On the command “Prone Position Down”
a. Maintain a firm grip with the right hand, ensure the weapon does not come
into contact with the ground, and keep the weapon pointing in a safe direction and
lie down.
b. Hold the rifle with the left hand on the
handguard and the right hand on the pistol grip,
forefinger outside the trigger guard. Tilt the weapon
to the left, this is known as the ‘Rest’ position.
c. To aid with target alignment, place the feet
together, heels uppermost, move position until the
body and rifle are roughly aligned onto the target.
Then adopt either of the leg positions.
(1) Cadets are to be encouraged to try
both positions to find which best suits them.
(2) Whichever position is chosen the body
must be relaxed to avoid muscle tremors.
d. Leg Position 1 (see Fig 1-41). Maintaining
the alignment onto the target, open the legs until
the feet are approximately shoulder’s width apart Fig 1-41. Leg Position 1
and feel comfortable. The feet should now be
positioned with the toes pointing outwards and the
inside of the heels flat on the ground. This position
will ensure that the right side of the body, including
the whole of the right leg is immediately behind the
rifle, ensuring maximum support and reducing the
effect of recoil.
e. Leg Position 2 (see Fig 1-42). Adjust the
body so that it is slightly angled to the left of the line
of fire. Open the legs so that the left leg is on the
same line as the body, the leg muscles relaxed, and
the toes turned inwards. Bend the right leg, drawing
it up to form a continuation of the line of fire, the
right foot pointing outwards with the heel on the
ground. This position will lift the chest higher off the
ground, taking the pressure off the diaphragm.
Fig 1-42. Leg Position 2

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1-148. On the word of command “stand up”, maintain a firm grip with the right hand on
the pistol grip. Ensure that no part of the rifle comes into contact with the ground, stand up
and adopt the loaded position.
Holding in the Prone Unsupported Position (9 key point check list)

1-150. In order to achieve a firm position that will support the rifle it is recommended that
instructors teach cadets to run through a checklist of the 9 key points that form the shooting
position and firing the shot.
a. Leg position.
b. Butt position.
c. Left hand grip.
d. Left elbow position.
e. Right hand grip.
f. Right elbow position.
g. Head position.
h. Relaxation in position.
i. Breathing.
1-151. Explain and Demonstrate: (see Fig 1-41). Order “Down” then “Ready”:
a. Legs. Adopt the preferred prone unsupported position.
b. Butt. Position the butt into the shoulder and hold the rifle with both hands
using a relaxed grip. Align along the barrel axis and adjust the body line until the
weapon is pointing naturally towards the target. Look along the line of the barrel to
check for obstructions forward of the muzzle.
(1) Checking for muzzle clearance is necessary because it is possible to
achieve a clear line of sight to the target and at the same time have an
obstruction in front of the barrel.
(2) The correct placement of the butt in the shoulder reduces the effect of
recoil, helps to steady the rifle and prevents the butt from slipping during
firing. The butt must not be in contact with the collar bone.
c. Left Hand. The left hand is positioned under the hand guard, as far forward
as comfort allows. Open the left hand fully, fingers together and rest the hand guard
across the palm. Allow the fingers to close around the hand guard and without
strain. The left hand should remain relaxed, with the fingers together; no attempt
should be made to grip the hand guard tightly or to pull backwards.
d. Left Elbow. Place the left elbow as close as possible to a central point
below the weapon. This will provide maximum bone support. The hold with the left
arm should be sufficiently firm enough to form a stable platform to support the
weight of the weapon and maintain steadiness.
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e. Right Hand Grip. The right hand is the controlling hand and must grip the
pistol grip firmly. To achieve this, raise the right elbow clear of the ground and open
the hand. Position the web of the forefinger and thumb as high as comfortably
possible on the pistol grip and directly behind it, then wrap the fingers around the
grip with the forefinger outside the trigger guard.
f. Right Elbow. Without disturbing the hold and without tilting the rifle, lower
the right elbow to a natural position to provide support. A firm, consistent, rearward
pressure must be exerted to keep the butt in its proper position in the shoulder.
g. Head Position. Lower the head to place the cheek lightly onto the cheek
piece. It is important to place the cheek at the same spot each time the position is
taken. This allows the firer to achieve consistent and correct eye relief. With the
head in this position the right eyebrow should be 25 mm or more from the aperture
to give correct eye relief (see Fig 1-45).
h. Relaxation. The cadet must learn to relax in the firing position, failure to
do so will result in muscle strain and subsequent movement of the rifle and aim
picture. This will be achieved with practice; however, a conscious effort must be
made to relax but without disturbing the alignment of the rifle to the target area.
i. Breathing. Breathing is covered in detail during Rifle Lesson 6.
1-152. Confirm by practice. (Remind cadets to run through the ‘9 key point checklist’ as
they build up their position), break squad into pairs to use Master Pupil.
Prone Supported Position (Magazine Rested)

1-153. Explain and demonstrate (see Fig 1-44). Firing from the prone supported position
involves resting the magazine on the ground or cover. This offers excellent, sustainable
support with little effort on the part of the firer. It eliminates the need for strict breath control,
especially when firing quickly. It also aids accurate rapid fire as the sight barely moves from
the POA. Firing from this position will also reduce the size of the target that the firer presents
to the enemy. Care must be taken to ensure that the position affords adequate muzzle
clearance.
a. Either:
(1) Adopt the prone unsupported position already taught.
(2) Once the position and hold are correct, move the elbows outwards
until the magazine is in contact with the ground.
(3) Care must be taken to ensure that there are no loose stones beneath
the magazine.
b. Or:
(1) Rest the magazine on the ground first ensuring that there are no loose
stones beneath it.
(2) Move the body up to the rifle to ensure good contact with the butt and
build up the position following the key point checklist.
1-155. Confirm by practice (Remind to use 9 point check list)
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Fig 1-43. The Prone Unsupported Position
Fig 1-44. The Prone Supported Position (Magazine Rested)
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Eye Relief Adjustment - Iron Sight.
1-156. Explain and Demonstrate: To adjust the Iron Sights to obtain correct eye relief:
a. Loosen the retaining screws.
b. Unscrew the locating stud and slide the sight unit forward or back- ward.
c. Adjust so that the locating stud is located in the hole in the sight rail that
gives the best possible eye relief of 25mm (see Fig 1-45). If wearing glasses this
is from the end of lens.
d. It is important that the locating stud is always located in one of the holes in
the sight rail, as damage can occur if the stud is tightened on to the sight rail.
e. Tighten the retaining screws.
f. Fine adjustment to obtain optimum eye relief can be achieved by moving
the position of the head on the check piece. This will ensure a consistent position
is achieved.
g. The individual setting of the locating stud should be noted by each cadet
and recorded by the SAAI.
1-157. Confirm by practice after adjustment (if necessary), leaving the sights correctly
positioned. (Instructors are to check each cadet’s eye relief before moving on).
25mm
Fig 1-45. Correct Eye Relief
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Aiming
1-158. Where to Aim. Explain and Demonstrate using diagrams, landscape and figure
targets (see Fig 1-46):
a. In the early stages of shooting training a white patch is superimposed on
the target. Always aim at the bottom centre of the patch. Initially it serves as a
defined Point of Aim (POA) for grouping practices. Later, the patch will be used as
a datum point for zeroing.
b. When engaging targets without a patch, select a POA that will apply fire to
the target centre.
c. A target may be located by muzzle flash, smoke, or movement. When
engaging a large target such as a hedgerow, the section commander may indicate
an enemy position or positions. In every case select the POA that will apply fire to
the target.
d. The influence of wind and other factors can affect the fall of shot. It may be
necessary to aim away from the centre of the target to attain a central hit. Covered
in more detail in Rifle Lesson 10.
1-159. How to Aim - Iron Sight. Explain and Demonstrate using sight picture diagrams
(see Fig 1-46): Aiming with the iron sights can never become instinctive, though practice
can induce speed. Above all it requires concentration to achieve sight alignment together
with the correct aim picture, this is a four-point-relationship between the eye, the centre of
the aperture, tip of the foresight and the POA on the target (Remembered by the mnemonic
E-A-S-T).
a. Align the body and rifle onto the target area as taught.
b. Position the head to gain correct eye relief.
c. Close the left eye. Then look through the centre of the aperture and
centralise the tip of the foresight on the POA and in the aperture. Ensure the
foresight is upright and clearly in focus.
d. It may be necessary to move the head slightly in order to achieve the
correct sight alignment; once it is achieved the position of the head must remain
unchanged.
e. Maintaining this alignment, focus the tip of the foresight blade onto the
selected POA to complete the aim picture. It should be noted the POA on the target
will become blurred.
f. During aiming it is necessary to switch focus between the foresight and
POA to maintain the correct aim picture; however, focus must be on the foresight
immediately before firing.
1-160. Confirm by question and practice. Allow the squad to use aim diagrams to illustrate
their answers. Give practice in central aiming and aiming up/down, left/right on figure and
natural targets.
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Fig 1-46. Correct Aim Pictures
Testing and Adjusting in the Prone Position

1-161. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: Order “Down” then “Ready”.
a. On adopting a firing position, the cadet must align the body and rifle onto
the target as previously taught and practiced.
(1) Before the first or subsequent shots are fired it is essential that fine
adjustments are made to the body position to ensure that the rifle points
naturally along the intended line of fire.
(2) Natural alignment can be checked by obtaining the correct aim
picture, closing both eyes, taking several deep breaths and then reopening
the firing eye. The aim picture will now reflect where the weapon is naturally
pointing.
(3) Adjustments must be made by moving the lower part of the body.
Apart from holding and supporting the rifle correctly the hands and arms
remain passive. There must be no pushing, pulling, or lifting of the arms to
force the rifle onto the POA.
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b. To finalise the position:
(1) It is essential that the weapon is held correctly, and the head and body
are correctly positioned.
(2) Keep the arms passive and adjust the body position until the aim is
correct. Numerous small movements may be necessary to achieve this,
including slight movement of the legs or feet.
(3) Adjustments for elevation are made by moving the body forwards or
back. Do not move the elbows.
(4) For lateral adjustments move the lower body left or right. Remember
to keep the arms passive and avoid moving the left elbow.
(5) Confirmation of correct alignment can be gained by watching the
vertical movement of the foresight whilst breathing, which should be directly
through the POA. Errors will be shown by diagonal movement across the
POA.
Conclusion
b. Confirm by questions and practice as time permits.
d. Pack kit.
(1) The importance of accurate, consistent aiming, together with firm and
correct holding.
(2) The need to achieve correct eye relief by moving the position of the
head or by correct positioning of the sight.
(3) Every attempt must be made to relax and achieve consistency when
firing; to that end always run through the ‘‘9 key point checklist’ when
building up a firing position.
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Rifle Lesson 6. Firing in the Prone Position
(4th Marksmanship Principle)
Instructors Notes
1-164. Aim. To teach how to fire the weapon in the prone position by combining the four
marksmanship principles.
a. Breathing control.
b. Deliberate trigger operation.
c. Follow through and declaration.
d. Continuous trigger operation.
1-166. Method. A basic instructional lesson suitable for indoors or outdoors.
1-167. Stores.
Aiming Aids 1 per cadet/CFAV (optional)
1-168. Preparation.
a. Instructors should have a thorough knowledge of the Marksmanship
b. If the lesson is to be taken outdoors a suitable area should be selected that
offers a clear line of sight of not less than 30 metres.
c. Position targets at 100 metres or representative targets at a shorter
distance.
d. If the lesson has to be taken indoors, sufficient floor space must be
provided so that cadets can build up their positions correctly.
e. Position or issue all the stores required by each cadet.
f. Divide the squad into groups of two. When practising, one fires, the other
cocks the rifle by hand. This simulates weapon recoil and enables the firer to
operate the trigger of a cocked weapon each time they fire.
a. The cadet can only be taught to shoot properly on a range. However, in this
lesson the techniques and procedures required to achieve correct shot release can
be covered without the cadet worrying about the effect of firing a round.
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b. The initial teaching and practice of breath control and trigger operation is
best done seated using a talk through of the process, followed by practice in the
prone position. The sequential method of practice adds another element of firing
the shot until all are confirmed together.
c. Correct eye relief is essential; the instructor is to ensure during revision that
the sights are correctly positioned on the sight rail prior to carrying out any practical
aiming confirmation.
d. When demonstrating the instructor should always use one of the squad to
assist them by re-cocking the rifle.
e. During the drills where a live round would normally be ejected, the cadets
are to simulate picking up the ejected round.
f. This lesson should be revised before any live firing.
Preliminaries
1-170. Safety Precautions. Normal, fit magazine platform depressors.
1-171. Check correct eye relief.
1-172. Demonstrate the use of an assistant to re-cock the rifle.
1-173. Revision. Revise the practical application of the first three marksmanship
principles, using the prone unsupported and prone rested positions. Weapons are to be
unloaded on completion of revision.
a. Check the cadets have the sight positioned for the correct eye relief.
b. Check the cadets are using the ‘9 key point checklist’.
Introduction
1-174. Explain: This lesson combines the first three marksmanship principles with the
fourth: ‘The shot must be released and followed through without undue disturbance to the
position’ If this is not carried out correctly, accuracy will be affected. This lesson deals with
the technique that the cadet is required to apply in order to put into effect that principle; it
also combines the four marksmanship principles so that they will achieve correct shot
release and hit the target.
A. Conduct of the Lesson

Firing a Shot
1-175. Explain: The shot should be fired without disturbing the aim. In order to do this the
position and hold must be stable, and the weapon must point naturally at the target.
Providing the rhythm of breathing is controlled and the trigger is operated smoothly, the
shot will be released, and the bullet will leave the muzzle without any undue movement of
the weapon.
Breath Control
1-176. Explain and demonstrate, squad imitating: It is important to regulate and control the
breathing during the time of shot release and to do it without strain.
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a. The three aspects of the breathing cycle that are important are:
(1) During the normal cycle the lungs are not completely full or empty.
(2) After breathing out there is a natural pause.
(3) The whole cycle takes approximately five seconds.
b. As a natural pause occurs after breathing out, it is logical to extend that
pause to six or seven seconds to enable the shot to be released (see Fig 1-47).
c. Before breath control, breathe in and out deeply to oxygenate the body.
The pause must be no longer than two seconds as the natural impulse to resume
breathing will affect firer concentration. If this happens resume normal breathing
again and repeat the breath control.
1-177. Confirm by practice, initially seated and then in the prone position to demonstrate
the effect of breath control on aiming.
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Trigger Operation and Follow Through
1-178. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: During the period of breath restraint
the aim must be perfected, and the trigger operated smoothly to allow the shot to be fired
without any alteration to the aim or to the grip of the rifle. The method of trigger operation
used should be the one best suited to the situation. The following points are to be explained:
a. First Pressure. Put the safety catch to Fire (F) and place the forefinger on
the trigger, ensuring that the finger is not in contact with the side of the pistol grip.
Take up the slack until resistance is met. It is important that this action is smooth,
and the trigger is not snatched.
b. Second Pressure. Continue to apply steadily increasing pressure, as long
as the aim picture is correct, until the shot is fired. Pressure must be applied directly
to the rear to avoid disturbing natural alignment.
c. Follow Through. When the shot is fired, the trigger is held to the rear for
a second or two. This should prevent any movement of the barrel caused by the
firer relaxing or raising their head.
Deliberate Trigger Operation

1-180. Explain and Demonstrate: There are occasions when the cadet will have time to
deliver accurate, deliberate fire. Deliberate trigger operation is used when grouping,
zeroing, or applying the deliberate rate of fire:
a. Put the safety catch to Fire (F).
b. Place the forefinger on the trigger, ensuring that the finger is not in contact
with side of the pistol grip.
c. Take a few slow deep breaths and at the same time take up the first trigger
pressure, perfect the aim and steadily apply increasing pressure to the trigger.
d. During the extended breathing pause, apply the second pressure, as long
as the aim picture is correct, until the shot is fired. If the aim picture is lost, hold the
pressure, and only continue if the picture improves.
e. Maintain pressure on the trigger as a part of the follow through and
concentrate on the aim picture until the weapon has settled.
f. Release the trigger and continue to breathe normally or repeat this
deliberate process of breathing control and trigger operation.
1-181. Confirm by practice, initially seated and then in the prone position combining breath
control, aiming, trigger operation and follow through, ensuring rifle is loaded and made
ready, and use of assistant cockers to provide realistic trigger operation.
Declaration
1-182. Explain: The process of ‘follow through’ during deliberate trigger operation, allows
the firer to observe the sight picture at the moment of firing, showing any errors in shot
release. As the shot is fired the recoil action causes the rifle to move slightly away from the
POA and the direction of movement should be consistent.
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a. In training, the firer is to declare that the aim picture at the moment of firing
was “correct” or “incorrect”, to their coach. Concentrating on the foresight and
POA will assist in accurate declaration. If possible, the direction of error should be
noted and stated, e.g., “High right” or “Low left”.
b. With experience the firer will be able to note the direction of movement of
the foresight and if it is not consistent with previous shots, they should inform their
coach.
Continuous Trigger Operation

1-184. Explain and Demonstrate: There will be occasions when little time will be available
to deliver accurate, deliberate fire. On such occasions the shots must be fired quickly and
as accurately as they can under such conditions. Continuous trigger operation is used for
snap shooting at opportunity targets or when firing at the rapid rate of fire.
a. Put the safety catch to Fire (F).
b. Place the finger on the trigger, ensuring that the finger is not in contact with
the side of the pistol grip.
c. On the appearance of the target quickly exhale to the point of the natural
pause and take up the trigger slack.
d. Extend the natural breathing pause, perfect the aim picture the best you
can and apply increasing pressure on the trigger until the shot is fired. It is
important not to snatch the trigger.
e. Momentarily hold the pressure on the trigger as part of the follow through.
Release the trigger and be ready to fire again immediately.
1-185. Confirm by practice initially seated and then in the prone position combining breath
control, aiming, trigger operation, follow through and declaration (Ensure Rifle is loaded
and made ready).
Conclusion
b. Confirm by practice as time permits.
d. Pack kit.
(1) The importance of correct breath restraint when a shot is fired.
(2) Correct use of the deliberate and continuous methods of trigger
operation.
(3) The need to follow through.
(4) The importance of correct declaration, particularly in training.
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Rifle Lesson 7. Firing Drills
Instructors Notes
1-187. Aim. To teach types of fire and firing drills required from a cadet.
a. Deliberate Fire.
b. Snap shooting.
c. Rapid Fire.
1-189. Method. A basic instructional lesson, preferably outdoors, but can be taught
indoors.
1-190. Stores.
Landscape Target optional
1-191. Preparation.
a. Instructors must have a thorough knowledge of the Marksmanship
b. Select a suitable piece of ground if the lesson is to be taken outdoors and
position targets not less than 30 metres away.
a. This Rifle Lesson deals solely with the firing drills for the different types of
fire that a cadet is expected to produce.
b. Magazines are to be empty and platform depressors fitted.
c. Practice can be made more realistic by dividing the squad into groups of
two; one is to fire while the other re-cocks the action.
d. When demonstrating any firing drills, the instructor should always use one
of the squad to assist them in re-cocking the rifle.
e. During confirmation of snap shooting, give the commands “Up” and
“Down” to signify target exposures and start off with a time limit of four seconds
per shot reducing the limit according to progress.
f. During confirmation of the rapid fire, start off at a rate of five rounds in 30
seconds. Increase the number of rounds or vary the time according to progress.
g. During final practice, divide the squad into groups and practice them in all
types of firing
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h. At suitable stages throughout this Rifle Lesson take the opportunity and
emphasise the value of good fire control and the need for effective fire, not wasteful
ammunition expenditure.
i. New words of command are introduced in this Rifle Lesson that will be used
when the cadet fires their rifle on the range or on an exercise. It is important that
these are explained to the cadet and the action that the cadet is to take on each,
practice, i.e.:
(1) “At the targets to your front”
(2) “Go on”.
(3) “Watch and Shoot”.
(4) “Fire”.
(5) “Rapid Fire”.
(6) “Rest”.
(7) “Stop”.
j. For instructional purposes during the teaching of snap shooting the
instructor may have to use the following commands:
(1) “Targets Up”
(2) “Targets Down”
Preliminaries
1-194. Fit platform depressors to all magazines.
1-195. Remind on the use of the assistant to re-cock the rifle.
1-196. Revision. Holding, aiming, and firing in the prone unsupported and prone
supported positions. Leave the weapons loaded.
Introduction
1-197. Explain: A cadet should be able to shoot accurately and quickly, when necessary,
at a variety of targets and is required to produce different types of fire on orders from their
section commander, or on their own initiative. They must be familiar with these types of fire
and how to use them quickly and to best effect.
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Types of Fire
1-198. Explain: The types of fire which the cadet must be capable of producing are:
a. Deliberate. A slow rate of fire, not normally more than 10 rounds per
minute. It is generally ordered after the fire fight has been won and have been
suppressed in order to prevent the enemy returning aimed fire, observing, or
moving.
b. Snap shooting. Intermittent, opportunity shooting at targets that appear
for short periods whilst moving from cover to cover.
c. Rapid Fire. Rapid fire is used to win the fire fight or when the enemy is
assaulting our position. Its use must be carefully controlled to conserve
ammunition. With practice up to 30 aimed shots per minute at different targets can
be achieved.
Deliberate Fire
1-200. Explain and Demonstrate: Order “Down” then “Ready” or give a range, then
indicate a target or use “At the targets to your front”
a. When the target has been indicated aim, test and adjust as previously
taught.
b. On the command “Fire”, put the safety catch to ‘F’, control the breathing,
perfect the aim and using the deliberate trigger operation, fire and follow through.
In training declare each shot.
c. Raise the head and observe the target area.
d. Continue firing at the deliberate rate, ensuring you keep a count of the
number of rounds fired.
e. On the command “Stop”, put the safety catch to Safe (S), observe the
target area, and await further orders.
f. On the command “Go on”, put the safety catch to Fire (F) and continue to
fire at the rate ordered.
1-201. Confirm by practice. Order “Stop - Make Safe” at the end of practice.
Snap Shooting
1-202. Explain: Firing at targets that show themselves for short periods only is called snap
shooting. It is similar to deliberate shooting except that the cadet speeds up the sequence
of firing and reduces the interval between each shot, usually firing one or two shots during
each breath restraint. Instead of “Fire” the command “Watch and Shoot” is given.
1-203. Explain and Demonstrate: Order “Down” then “Ready” or give a range. Indicate
a target or use “At the targets to your front” and order “Watch and Shoot”.
a. Put the safety catch to Fire (F). when the target appears, using continuous
trigger operation, fire quickly but with accuracy.
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b. Continue to fire until the target falls or goes to cover; stop firing, continue
to observe the target area over the sights and be ready to fire again.
c. Actions on the command “Stop”, “Go on” and the need to count rounds
are as for deliberate shooting.
Rapid Fire
1-205. Explain: Firing a number of shots in quick succession is called rapid fire. It is similar
to snap shooting, except that the cadet may fire more rounds so that a large volume of fire
will be applied to a specific target or area. When rapid fire is required, the order “Fire” is
preceded by the indication “Rapid”.
1-206. Explain: It is important in rapid fire to try and fire with rhythm. This will enable breath
restraint, aim perfection, trigger operation, and follow through to be performed in their
correct sequence. The continuous method of trigger operation is ideally suited to rapid fire.
Alternatives to breath restraint as previously taught are:
a. Very shallow breathing between shots for the periods of rapid fire.
b. Breath restraint covering the release of two or three shots provided that it
does not cause strain.
1-207. Explain and Demonstrate: Order “Down” then “Ready” or give a range. Indicate
a target or use “At the targets to your front” give the command “Rapid”.
a. Put the safety catch to Fire (F) and aim at the target indicated.
b. On the command “Fire”, using continuous trigger operation, fire as quickly
as possible with accuracy. Change and adjust to a fresh target as each one falls.
c. When covering a number of different targets within a wider arc make sure
that the body is quickly realigned for each target. Keep firing until there are no more
targets to engage. With experience up to 30 rounds per minute can be fired.
d. Actions on hearing the command “Stop”, or “Go on”, the need to count
rounds and change magazines are the same as for deliberate shooting.
Overheating
1-209. To allow the weapon to cool down during lulls in rapid or prolonged firing, cock the
weapon, engage the holding open catch and check that the chamber is clear. These actions
will clear a round from the chamber and allow air to circulate and help cool the chamber
and barrel. The ejected round is either replaced into the magazine or put into the pouch.
1-210. If having carried out these actions the command “Go on” is given; operate the bolt
release, tap forward on the cocking handle, and continue firing.
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Conclusion
d. Pack kit.
(1) The importance of applying the sequence of firing a shot to all types
of shooting.
(2) Correct use of the deliberate and continuous trigger operation.
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Rifle Lesson 8. Firing from Other Positions and Use of Cover
Instructors Notes
1-213. Aim. To teach the cadet how to fire from the kneeling, sitting, and standing
positions, and use of cover.
a. Area aiming.
b. Firing from other positions.
c. Firing from cover.
1-215. Method. A basic instructional lesson, preferably outdoors.
1-216. Stores.
1-217. Preparation.
a. Instructors must have a thorough knowledge of the marksmanship
principles. Such knowledge will allow instructors to correct faults effectively and to
offer sound advice to improve cadet marksmanship skills.
b. Select an area that will allow the squad to adopt the ideal kneeling, sitting
and standing positions.
c. Site the targets in relation to the instructional position; a clear line of sight
of at least 100 metres is desirable.
a. As the positions to be taught are less stable than the prone position, it is
extremely difficult to keep the weapon absolutely steady when aiming. An area aim
instead of a specific point on the target has to be accepted. Instructors should
however insist that this area be as small as possible. The area will decrease or
increase in size in direct relation to the stability of the position, the time available
to achieve shot release and the strength of the firer.
b. Student must fire in each position to achieve the aim of the lesson.
c. All of the magazines are to be fitted with platform depressors after the NSPs
have been carried out.
d. It is to be noted when live firing, that the weapon is always to be held
horizontal to the ground pointing towards the target area.
e. Rifles should be cocked manually by assistants during practice.
Preliminaries
1-219. Safety Precautions. Normal, magazine platform depressors are to be fitted.
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1-220. Revision. Firing in the prone unsupported and prone rested positions. Remind
upon the importance of following the ‘keys points - check list’ taught in Rifle Lesson 5 and
emphasise deliberate and continuous trigger operation techniques. Leave weapons loaded.
Introduction
1-221. Explain: It is often impossible to engage targets from the prone position because of
undergrowth, crops or cover in streets and buildings. Cadets must therefore learn to adopt
and fire from other firing positions such as kneeling, sitting, and standing. Whatever position
is decided upon, it must be adopted quickly, and the maximum stability and comfort
achieved.

Area Aiming
1-222. Explain using a target: As the positions to be taught are less stable than the prone
position, it is difficult to keep the weapon absolutely steady when aiming. An area aim
instead of a specific point on the target has to be accepted. With practice you will be able
to make the area as small as possible. The size of the area will decrease or increase in
direct relation to the stability of the position, the time available for shot release and the
strength of the firer.
1-223. Confirm during the practice of firing from each firing position.
Kneeling Position
1-224. Explain and Demonstrate, (see Fig 1-48): The kneeling position can be quickly and
easily adopted particularly when advancing. It is convenient when using low cover. It
provides reasonable stability and providing the knee can be suitably positioned it can be
maintained for fairly lengthy periods without undue discomfort.
1-225. On the word of command “Kneeling Position, Down”
a. Face half right to the line of fire. Kneeling on the right knee, keeping it well
out to the right and sit on the heel or side of the foot. The boot may be positioned
toecap downwards or with the forward part of the sole flat on the ground.
Alternatively, the right knee may be positioned adjacent to the left foot rather than
keeping it well out to the right.
b. The left foot must be positioned flat on the ground with the toe pointing
slightly inwards. The left knee should afford good support to the left elbow, enabling
bone support to be achieved.
c. Support the weight of the weapon in the left hand and rest the left forearm
behind or in front of the left knee. Grip the pistol grip with the right hand and rest
the butt on the right thigh or pouch. This is known as the ‘Rest’ position.
d. On the command “Ready”, adopt the ‘Alert’ position. The butt will be higher
in the shoulder than in the prone position, because of the need to keep the head
upright. Place the left elbow either in front of or behind the knee and support the
weapon by the hand guard. Lower the muzzle slightly and look over the sights. The
body should remain relaxed with the weight over the right heel.
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e. The sequence and drill for firing a shot are as for the prone position;
however, it is important to test and adjust the position before firing. Order “Fire”
(the instructor is to fire a shot).
f. On the command “Stop” put the safety catch to Safe (S), place the finger
outside the trigger guard, and remain in the ‘Alert’ position looking over the sights.
g. On the command “Rest” or “Make Safe” the weapon is brought out of the
shoulder and supported on the knee, (see Fig 1-48).
‘Alert’ ‘Rest’
Fig 1-48. The Kneeling Position
1-226. Confirm by practice. Remind cadets to apply the ‘9 key point checklist’ when
building up their firing positions. Use assistant cockers.
Sitting Position
1-227. Explain and Demonstrate, (see Fig 1-49): The sitting position is used particularly
when firing from a forward slope, low cover or in an ambush position. On the word of
command “Sitting Position, Down”
a. Sit with the legs crossed or apart and the feet in a comfortable position,
digging the heels in if necessary. Slightly angle the lower part of the body to the
target. Hold the weapon in the ‘Rest’ position.
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b. On the command “Ready” adopt the ‘Alert’ position. As for the kneeling
position the head should be higher than usual. Lean forward, curve the spine, and
position the elbows behind, inside, or in front of the knees. It is important to avoid
positioning the point of the elbow with any bone area of the knee joint.
c. Support the weapon using the hand guard and keep the head upright. The
sequence and drill for firing a shot are the same as for the prone position.
d. Order “Fire” (the instructor is to fire a shot).
e. On the command “Stop” put the safety catch to safe (S), place the finger
f. On the command “Rest” or “Make Safe” the weapon is brought out of the
shoulder and rested (as in the kneeling position).
Fig 1-49. The Sitting Position
1-228. Confirm by practice. Remind cadets to apply the ‘9 key point checklist’ when
building up their firing positions. Use assistant cockers.
Standing Position
1-229. Explain and Demonstrate, (see Fig 1-50): This position is taught for use on blank
firing and dry training exercises only, cadets or CFAVs are not permitted to live fire this
weapon from the standing position.
1-230. Apart from firing from behind high cover the standing position is mainly used for
firing at fleeting targets whilst advancing. It will normally only be the initial engagement
position; on taking cover another position would be adopted:
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Fig 1-50. The Standing Position
a. On the command “Ready” adopt the ‘Alert’ position and keep the head
upright.
b. If firing a quick shot adopt the standing position with the left foot forward,
with the body turned slightly to the right, the right leg in line with the left foot and
the right foot turned outwards. The butt may be higher in the shoulder to allow a
more natural head position.
c. Reach forward with the left hand to support the rifle by the hand guard and
maintain a firm grip with the right hand pulling the rifle directly back in the shoulder.
d. Where time allows the static holding position will always provide greater
stability. With the feet a shoulder’s width apart the weight of the body is evenly
distributed on both legs, with the feet immediately below the shoulders, toes
pointing slightly outwards. To balance the weight of the rifle, arc the back slightly
at the waist. Natural pointing of the weapon is completed by moving the feet.
e. The left arm is brought towards the front of the body and the upper arm
kept against the chest, the left elbow resting against the top of the hip or pouch.
The right arm is raised to form a firm support for the butt in the shoulder.
f. The sequence and drill for firing a shot are the same as for the prone
position. Order “Fire” (the instructor is to fire a shot).
g. On the command “Stop” put the safety catch to Safe (S), place the finger
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1-231. Confirm by practice, adopting and firing from both standing positions. Remind
cadets to apply the ‘9 key point checklist’ when building up their firing positions. Use
assistant cockers. Leave the weapons loaded.
Use of Cover
1-232. Explain and demonstrate (see Fig 1-51): The ideal fire position offers:
a. Protection and cover from view.
(1) Fire around the right side of the cover to present less of a target to the
enemy and if the cover is narrow, get directly behind it and keep the legs
together (see Fig 1-51 (a)).
(2) If possible, fire through cover not over it. When firing from inside a
building keep back in the shadows (see Fig 1-51 (b) and (c)).
(3) Cover from view is not bullet proof should you be observed. Avoid
being isolated and always consider routes in and out of a position.
b. Free use of weapons.
(1) Select the most suitable firing position, in scrub, adopt the knee-ling
position for short periods, if staying longer the sitting position would be
better.
(2) To avoid injury or stoppages, solid cover close to the ejection opening
must be avoided.
c. An unobstructed view of the arc of fire.
(1) The need for muzzle clearance is essential for all firing positions, to
combine protection, keep as close to the top of the bank or crest as
possible.
(2) Because of the sights restricted field of view, before firing, look over
the sight and check the immediate area to the left and right of the line of
fire for personnel.
d. Stability to the firing position chosen.
(1) Adapt firing positions previously taught to suit the particular cover
used, for example, use the corner of a trench using the prone position.
(2) Always try to rest the forearm, back of the hand or handguard on the
cover. Do not rest the barrel as this will displace the shots.
1-233. Confirm by questions and practice using various different pieces of cover (low
banks/folds in the ground, trees/bushes, walls/houses, scrub, and trenches).
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AC 71807-C Aug 23
(c) Firing Over Cover
(a) Firing Around Cover (b) Firing Through Cover
Fig 1-51. Use of Cover

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Conclusion
d. Pack kit.
e. Summary. To include the fact that no matter which position is adopted the
four marksmanship principles are to be applied.
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Rifle Lesson 9. Mechanism of the Weapon, Immediate Action,
and Stoppages
Instructors Notes
1-235. Aim. To teach the mechanism of the weapon, the immediate action, and
stoppages.
a. How the weapon operates.
b. How to recognise and remedy stoppages.
1-237. Method. A basic indoor or outdoor instructional lesson.
1-238. Stores.
5.56mm drill rounds 3 per cadet/CFAV
1-239. Preparation.
a. Site representative targets as required.
b. Lay out drill rounds.
c. Prepare posters (optional).
a. Further information concerning the mechanism can be found in the Army
Equipment Support Publications (AESP).
b. Allow the squad to use their weapons to aid any explanation they may make
in answer to questions on the mechanism.
c. At suitable opportunities the instructor should impress on the cadets that
unauthorised modifications to the rifle or other tampering with the mechanism is
dangerous and constitutes an offence.
d. The squad are to test and adjust position, aim and fire as taught on
completing any stoppage drill.
e. To prevent the bolt carrier assembly being held to the rear, on cocking the
weapon with an empty magazine fitted, all magazines used during stoppage drills
must be fitted with depressors.
f. During initial teaching and practice the following words of command should
be used to indicate stoppages and the condition of the rifle:
(1) “Rifle firing alright - Rifle stops”.
(2) “Cocking handle fully forward”.
(3) “Cocking handle NOT fully forward”.
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(4) “Rounds in the magazine - chamber clear”.
(5) “Obstruction”
(6) “Obstruction Clear”.
(7) “Chamber clear”
(8) “Empty Magazine”
(9) After IA and attempted resumption of firing order - “Rifle still fails to
fire”.
(10) After remedial action and resumption of firing order - “Rifle firing
alright”.
g. When teaching the empty magazine drills tell the squad to cock the weapon
and apply the holding open catch. Start the drill by ordering “Rifle Stops” then
“Empty Magazine”. Subsequent drill is then realistic.
h. Further practice can be conducted with the cadets working in pairs, one
firer and one cocker. A stoppage is signified when the latter fails to cock the rifle
after a dry shot is fired, or when they cock it and apply the holding open catch.
Assistants are to watch the instructor for a signal to leave the bolt forward or held
back.
i. Actions on examining the body and chamber: The instructor can imply the
cause of the stoppage/condition of the rifle by using the appropriate words of
command or by showing an empty magazine, a magazine with rounds correctly in
place or a magazine with the top round misplaced.
Preliminaries
1-241. Safety Precautions. Normal. (to include checking of Drill Rounds). Fit magazines
with depressors. Fill one magazine with three drill rounds
chambers are clear.
1-243. Revision. Name parts which will assist in teaching the mechanism. At the end of
revision load the weapons with the magazine containing the three drill rounds.
Introduction
1-244. Explain: If the weapon, magazines, and ammunition are kept clean and correctly
maintained, few stoppages will occur. It has been found that one of the principal causes of
stoppages is inadequate lubrication. If the cadet knows how the weapon functions and is
able to recognise the symptoms of a particular stoppage, they will be able to determine the
cause and carry out the necessary remedial actions, thereby getting the weapon firing
properly again as quickly as possible. No attempt should be made to tamper with the
mechanism or carrying out unauthorised modifications.
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Basic Mechanism
1-245. The weapon should be loaded and made ready with the magazine containing drill
rounds. In addition, the top cover should be opened when explaining the gas parts (see
Figs 1-52 to 1-57). Explain and Demonstrate:
a. When the safety catch is at Safe (S) the trigger cannot be fully operated.
b. (Squad to look in through dust cover recess) When the safety catch is
at Fire (F) and the trigger is pressed, the hammer is released and hits the rear of
the firing pin, driving it forward on to the cap in the base of the round. The round is
fired, and gases are produced which drive the bullet up the barrel.
c. (Open the top cover). Some of this gas enters the gas block and is
diverted by the gas plug into the gas cylinder driving the piston to the rear and
compressing the piston spring.
d. The rear of the piston strikes the carrier, forcing it backwards. The
compressed piston spring re-asserts itself and forces the piston forward again.
e. The bolt is unlocked by the rearward movement of the carrier forcing the
cam stud down the cam stud slot.
f. (Cock, then hold back and look in ejection opening). The carrier and
the bolt go back together, cocking the hammer as they go. The empty case is
withdrawn from the chamber by the extractor and ejected out of the weapon to the
right. The shape of the cocking handle helps deflect the empty case away from the
weapon. The return spring on the guide rod is also compressed at this stage.
Rearward movement of the carrier and bolt ceases when the rear of the carrier
strikes the buffer.
g. The return spring will re-assert itself and aided by the buffer drives the
carrier and bolt forward. As it does so, the bolt feeds the next round out of the
magazine and into the chamber. The extractor grips the round, and the ejector is
compressed. The bolt is rotated to lock into the barrel extension by the continuing
forward movement of the carrier forcing the cam stud to slide up the cam slot. It is
not before the parts are fully forward and locked that the safety sear can operate
allowing the hammer into its ready position. This in turn can only happen on the
trigger being released. A distinct click will be heard.
h. The weapon is now ready to fire again.
i. This action will continue each time the trigger is operated until the last round
has been fired and rearward action takes place. The working parts will then be held
to the rear by the holding open catch being lifted up by the magazine platform.
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a. Safety Catch b. Trigger & Trigger Guard c. Trigger Bar

d. Bolt Release Catch e. Holding Open Catch f. Buffer Assembly
Fig 1-52. The Trigger Mechanism Housing (TMH)
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Safety Catch at (S)
Lug in line with trigger,

preventing forward movement
Trigger Bar
Safety Catch at (F)
Lug out of line with trigger,

allowing forward movement
Trigger Bar
AC 71807-C Aug 23 Fig 1-53. Mechanical Safety

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Fig 1-54. Action on Operating the Trigger
Fig 1-55. Rearward Action
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Fig 1-56 Forward Action
Fig 1-57 Trigger Released
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Immediate Action (IA)
1-247. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: If the weapon fails to fire or stops
firing, the following IA is to be carried out:
a. Put the Safety catch to Safe (S), tilt the weapon to the left and look at the
position of the cocking handle
b. Actions will depend on what is seen.
Cocking Handle Fully Forward

1-249. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: If the cocking handle appears to be
fully forward, tap forward on the cocking handle with the left hand, test and adjust, put the
safety catch to Fire (F) and continue firing at the rate ordered.
Loose Magazine
a. If the weapon still fails to fire after carrying out the drill for cocking handle
fully forward, put the safety catch to Safe (S) tilt the weapon slightly to the right and
cock the weapon, apply the holding open catch and look into the body and
chamber.
b. If there are rounds in the magazine and the chamber and body are clear,
check the magazine is correctly fitted, operate the bolt release catch, tap forward
on the cocking handle, test and adjust, put the safety catch to Fire (F) and continue
firing at the rate ordered.
Obstruction
a. When carrying out the IA drill if the cocking handle is in any other position
than fully forward or fully rearward, tilt the weapon slightly to the right and cock the
weapon, apply the holding open catch and look inside the body and chamber.
b. If there is an obstruction in the body or chamber, remove the magazine and
attempt to shake the obstruction clear. If the obstruction cannot be cleared inform
a CFAV.
c. Visually inspect the chamber and body to ensure they are clear, replace
the magazine. Then operate the bolt release catch, tap forward on the cocking
handle, test and adjust, put the safety catch to Fire (F) and continue firing at the
rate ordered.
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Empty Magazine
1-255. The squad are to cock their weapons and apply the holding open catch, then
Explain and Demonstrate the squad imitating:
a. If the rifle stops firing carry out the IA drill and you find that the cocking
handle is fully to the rear, the magazine is empty and the body and chamber are
clear, change the magazine, operate the bolt release catch, tap forward on the
cocking handle, test and adjust, put the safety catch to Fire (F) and continue firing
at the rate ordered.
b. The magazine pouch is to be secured at the earliest opportunity.
1-257. Instructors are to Explain:
a. At night these checks must be conducted with white light.
b. It is important that any round involved in a stoppage (live or blank), whether
it appears damaged or not, is not to be loaded into a magazine, nor any attempt is
made to fire it. Such rounds are to be returned to the ammunition compound by an
CFAV for disposal.
c. Stress the need to test and adjust position after any stoppage and before
continuing firing.
Further Action
1-259. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: If the obstruction in the chamber
cannot be removed during the initial remedial action, the chamber is being repeatedly
obstructed, the weapon is hard to cock or the weapon will not fire after carrying out an initial
remedial action the cadet is to take no further action themselves. They are to inform an
CFAV immediately, making sure that the safety catch is on Safe (S), raising their hand and
calling for assistance. The instructor is then to carry out the following action:
a. Unload the weapon, do not operate the trigger, or close the dust cover and
remove the TMH, bolt and bolt carrier.
b. Inspect the extractor, ejector, retaining pins, the firing pin protrusion, and
the chamber.
c. If the obstructed chamber is due to a broken or damaged extractor, consult
an Armourer.
d. If the chamber does not appear obstructed and there are no damaged
parts, examine it for a separated case. If one is found or suspected consult an
Armourer.
e. Tools taken from the maintenance kit must be returned as soon as possible.
f. If the bolt has to be continually forward assisted, cock the weapon, engage
the holding opening device and lubricate liberally. Using the barrel extension
cleaner, clean the chamber and locking splines. Liberally lubricate the exposed
guide rods and bolt head, release the working parts, and allow the cadet to
continue firing.
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g. If continual stoppages occur, the weapon is to be thoroughly cleaned and
examined. Particular attention must be paid to the gas affected parts. The gas plug
ports, gas plug bore, and gas cylinder should be reamed out using the reamers on
the combination tool. The weapon is to be lubricated before re-assembly,
regardless of the satisfactory function of the system.
Note: When teaching CFAV sub-paras a to g are to be taught.
1-260. Confirm by practice and questions.
Conclusion
b. Confirm by questions and practice as time permits, with cadets using their
own rifle mechanisms to illustrate their answers.
c. Remove all drill rounds.
d. Remove depressors from magazines.
e. Safety Precautions. Normal.
f. Pack kit and check that the cleaning rolls are complete.
g. Summary. To include the following:
(1) The importance of maintaining the weapon and ammunition in a clean
condition.
(2) The importance of liberally lubricating the weapon to prevent
stoppages in the first instance.
h. A forecast of the squad’s next lesson on this subject.
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Rifle Lesson 10. Aiming Off and Alteration of Sights
Instructors Notes
1-262. Aim. To teach how to correct errors by altering the POA.
a. Factors Affecting Application of Fire.
b. Range Targets.
c. Aiming Off.
d. Miss Drill.
1-263. Timings. One 40-minute period.
1-264. Method. A basic instructional lesson best taught immediately prior to Rifle Live
Firing (application of fire) practices on the range.
1-265. Stores.
Figure Targets:
Fig 11 1
Fig 11 on 1.220m screen 1
Fig 12 1
Aiming Aids 1 per 2 cadets/CFAVs
Board, chalk/pens, pointer optional
Map pins optional
1-266. Preparation.
a. Prepare and layout aiming aids as necessary.
b. Prepare board if required.
a. Application of fire techniques provide the cadet with simple to follow rules,
which will increase the probability of a first round hit on the target.
b. Instructors are to use representative targets and sight pictures to confirm
understanding. When explaining corrections, the POA must always be shown in
relation to strike. Strike can be illustrated with map pins, chalk etc.
c. When explaining corrections, the correct POA should be shown in relation
to strike.
d. Three Figure 11 targets can be used to illustrate “Aiming off for wind” (see
Fig 1-57 which also includes a simple wind table).
Preliminaries
1-268. Revision. Where and how to aim.
Introduction
1-269. Explain: When shooting, the strength and direction of the wind have a direct
influence on the flight path of the bullet. It is essential that the cadet makes allowances to
counter this influence and ensure a first-round hit. It is also important to know how to react,
should the shot miss the target.
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Factors Affecting Application of Fire
1-270. Explain: The term application of fire refers to addressing the difference between
where the firer aims and where the rounds land. A number of factors must be considered:
a. The build and strength of the firer (accounted for during zeroing)
b. Equipment (such as webbing)
c. Weather: wind, rain, light conditions etc.
d. Firing Position: the firer may be required to adopt a different position, and
in doing so will affect the firers’ stance, grip, and positional support.
e. Range: good range estimation and correct sight setting, and use of the sight
picture is required.
f. Wet or oily ammunition or chamber.
1-271. Explain: The above factors may mean that although the firer is aiming at the centre
of the target, they may well miss the target. The firer must then make corrections to the
POA. Occasionally the firer may need to adopt a POA off the target, in which case bold
corrections and confidence are required.
Locating the Fall of Shot

1-272. Explain: To apply fire the cadet must identify where the rounds are landing. Most
ETR and CGR are fitted with a Small Arms Range Target System (SARTS). This will assist
the coach in accurately locating the shots, however where this system is not fitted, then the
firer and coach must use other more conventional methods. Some additional aids to
locating the fall of shot are:
a. Swirl. During flight the bullet displaces air, and a swirling effect is
something visible at the culminating point of its trajectory. With the rifle this is
approximately two-thirds of the distance to the target and approximately 200mm
above the line of sight at 300m. If a bullet is to hit the centre of a Fig 11, swirl will
appear around the area of the face. Swirl is difficult to see at short ranges and in
inclement weather. Furthermore, the effect of wind will cause lateral displacement
from where swirl is seen and where the bullet hits the target.
b. Strike. This can be seen on the stop-butt of a gallery range or on the ground
on an ETR. The following should be considered:
(1) A bullet may ricochet when hitting the target, especially on Gallery
ranges when targets are supported by a central stick. This may displace
the strike.
(2) If the observer is not directly behind the firer/rifle/target line strike may
appear to miss due to the angle of observation.
(3) The distance the bullet travels between hitting the target and striking
the ground may give the impression of a shot fired low.
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Range Targets
1-273. Explain: When a cadet can achieve a satisfactory grouping standard and has
zeroed the weapon, they will progress to shooting at other forms of targets. These targets
will no longer have aiming patches but will be superimposed on witness screens. The
screens will eventually be removed, and the cadet will be confronted with the target with no
screen behind. These are:
a. Figure 11. This target is 1145mm high and 455mm wide. The Fig 11 target
has useful reference points 150mm, 300mm and 450mm above and below the
central POA
b. Figure 12. This target is 570mm high and 455mm wide.
Aiming Off (Equal and Opposites)

1-275. Explain and Demonstrate using training aids: If the round misses the target the firer
should apply an ‘equal and opposite’ adjustment to the original POA, i.e. if the round misses
low and to the left, the firer must adjust their POA by an equal amount high and to the right.
Aiming Off for Wind

1-277. Explain: Wind can make the bullet veer considerably at ranges greater than 100m:
a. Aim off into the wind. The wind direction can be determined by its effect on
the face, trees, dust, and smoke. The amount to aim off is determined by the wind
strength:
(1) Fresh Wind. A fresh wind has an appreciable effect on the bushes
and thin branches of trees and can be distinctly felt on the side of the face.
It would cause range flags to stand about halfway out from the pole.
(2) Strong Wind. A strong wind has a noticeable effect on treetops and
lifts dust off dry ground. Range flags would tend to strain away from their
poles.
b. The following points of aim relative to the Figure 11 targets should be used:
(1) Fresh Wind 200 metres. Halfway between the centre and the edge
of the figure target.
(2) Strong Wind 200 metres. The edge of the figure target.
(3) Fresh Wind 300 metres. The edge of the figure target.
(4) Strong Wind 300 metres. One figures target’s width from the target
centre.
1-278. Confirm by practice
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Miss Drill
1-279. Explain: In the event of continually missing a target without strike being seen:
a. Aim at the base of the target and adjust the POA from the observation of
the strike. Continue to aim lower and fire until the strike can be observed. The firer
must rigidly apply the ‘Equal and Opposites’ concept once a POA has been
positively identified by strike.
b. Ensure that sight alignment and sight picture remain correct when adjusting
the POA.
Range in Metres Wind Strength Point of Aim

100 Do not aim off
Fresh 1st POA
200
Strong 2nd POA
Fresh 2nd POA
300
Strong 3rd POA
Fig 1-58. Aiming Off for Wind
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Conclusion
c. Pack kit.
d. Summary. To include the following:
e. The importance of aiming off and applying the miss drill.
f. Subsequent live firing will provide practice and final confirmation for this
lesson and begin the build-up of experience for all future shooting.
g. A forecast of the squad’s next lesson on this subject.
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Rifle Lesson 11. Carriage of the Weapon and Reaction to
Effective Enemy Fire
Instructors Notes
1-282. Aim. To teach the carriage of the weapon and reaction to effective enemy fire.
a. How to carry and move with the weapon.
b. How to react to effective enemy fire.
1-284. Method. A basic outdoor instructional period.
1-285. Stores.
Figure Targets/Representative Figure Targets optional
Camouflage cream optional
1-286. Preparation.
a. Site the figure targets in suitable positions relative to the cover, ideally so
that the demonstrators may engage the targets from a number of positions.
b. Rehearse the demonstrators.
a. Weapons are to be ‘ready’.
b. The Army Cadets Fieldcraft and Tactics Training Manual outlines methods
of movement which should be applied during the Rifle Lesson together with
personal camouflage and concealment taught in the same pamphlet.
Preliminaries
1-289. Revision. Firing from other positions using cover.
Introduction
1-290. Explain: When moving in close country, on patrol or in a built-up area, the enemy
may fire and attack at close quarters. In such situations, it is the quickness and accuracy
of the first shots which gain success. The cadet is, therefore, to carry their weapon in a
state of readiness and in a manner best suited to the type of terrain over which they are
moving.
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The High Port
1-291. Explain. This position is used when going through
scrub or when crossing obstacles. If the cadet stumbles
using this position, the muzzle of the weapon will not get
entangled, get filled with dirt or point at their fellow cadets.
1-292. Explain and demonstrate, the squad imitating: (see
Fig 1-59). This position is adopted as follows:
a. Operate the sling quick release buckle;
bring the weapon up across the body, left hand on
the hand guard, right hand around the pistol grip
and the barrel pointing upwards.
b. Ensure the safety catch is at Safe (S) and
place the finger outside the trigger guard.
c. The cadet is responsible for the safe
handling of their weapon at all times.
The Low Port

1-294. This position is used when the tactical situation
does not necessitate the use of the ‘High Port’ or ‘Alert’
positions, such as when crossing an obstacle, or when one
hand is needed to search an area or check documents when
on sentry etc.
1-295. Explain: This position is as previously taught.
a. The weapon is to be loaded; the safety Fig 1-59. The High
catch at Safe (S). Port Position
b. Ensure the sling does not interfere with the
handling of the weapon.
The Alert Position

1-296. Explain: This position is as previously taught. The cadet is responsible for the safe
handling of their weapon and is to apply the safety catch until immediately before firing.
Moving with the Weapon

1-297. Explain: The basic carrying positions are suitable when the cadet is upright, when
crawling they may have to adopt different techniques. When moving with the weapon:
a. Ensure the safety catch is at Safe (S).
b. Use the muzzle cover (unless a BFA is fitted) and keep the muzzle out of
the dirt.
c. Keep the sights off the ground; try and protect them with the forearm using
an underhand grip.
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d. Try and keep the cocking handle uppermost. The dust cover should be
closed.
Reaction to Effective Enemy Fire

1-299. Explain and demonstrate: On the command “Take cover” or if the cadet is under
direct attack, they are to return appropriate fire then take cover as follows:
a. Dash towards the nearest cover or the cover previously indicated by the
section commander.
b. Get down and crawl into the position and observe.
c. Check that the sight is correctly set and fire at any visible enemy or a target
indicated by the section commander.
d. The rate and type of fire will be controlled by the section commander.
However, that responsibility may be handed over to the section second in
command whilst the section commander carries out an estimate. Keep behind
cover as much as possible and vary your position.
e. During any lull in firing, cadets should work in pairs to refill magazines from
behind cover to ensure that the rate of fire is maintained.
f. On the command “Prepare to move”:
(1) Check the safety catch is at Safe (S) and move behind cover. Make
sure there is sufficient ammunition in the magazine fitted to the rifle and
pouches are fastened.
(2) After rapid firing the working parts may be held to the rear and the
chamber clear (due to carrying out the overheating drill). Prior to re-
engaging or moving, operate the bolt release catch and tap forward on the
cocking handle.
g. On the command “Move” break cover from a different place from that in
which firing took place and advance in the direction and formation indicated.
Conclusion
c. Safety precautions. Normal.
d. Pack kit withdraw magazine depressors.
(1) Making the best possible use of the ground being able to adapt the
fire position to the cover to ensure maximum application of the
marksmanship principles. Rest the forearm whenever possible. Problems
of muzzle and ejection clearance.
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(2) Methods of carriage.
(3) During an advance not to take cover until ordered to do so.
(4) The importance of breaking cover in a different place from the last fire
position occupied.
(5) Prior to leaving the position, you must ensure that all magazines and
equipment are secured.
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Rifle Lesson 12. Firing at Crossing Targets
Instructors Notes
1-302. Aim. To teach the technique for firing at crossing targets.
1-304. Method. A basic instructional outdoor lesson requiring an area of ground offering
substantial cover and short fields of fire up to 200 metres.
1-305. Stores.
Aiming Aids as required
Camouflage cream optional
1-306. Preparation.
a. Reconnoitre the training area and select an area of ground that offers short
fields of fire, plenty of cover and space to allow cadets to move in patrol formations.
b. Select a second area of ground, preferably adjacent to the first, offering a
field of fire up to 200 metres.
c. Construct aim diagrams. The diagram should incorporate a representative
sight picture and left and right crossing targets.
d. Position, or issue, all the stores required by each cadet.
a. DRILL ROUNDS ARE NOT TO BE USED DURING THIS LESSON.
b. During practice, moving target allowance may be confirmed with the use of
aiming aids.
c. Practice of firing at moving targets is best done by organising the squad in
teams. One team acts as targets and, on suitable pre-arranged signals, moves in
a given direction and at pre-arranged speeds.
d. Crossing Target Allowances. Confirm the allowances to be made by asking
questions and let the squad use diagrams to illustrate their answers.
e. Use the standing position during demonstrations. Produce the pivot action
from the knees and pelvis.
f. For practice, order “Ready”, nominate the firing position to be adopted and
start each practice from the ‘Alert’ position. Use each cadet of the squad in turn to
walk/run across the previously set out ten metre area.
g. Allow the cadets to practice the techniques from different firing positions.
h. Explain: Cadets and CFAVs are not permitted to take part in live firing
practices that involve moving targets. This lesson teaches the methods that
can be employed on dry exercises using blank ammunition or in the DCCT.
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Preliminaries
1-308. Safety Precautions. Normal. Withdraw any drill rounds and fit platform depressors
to all magazines.
1-309. Organise the squad into pairs.
1-310. Put out targets in pre-determined positions.
1-311. Tape or mark positions as required.
1-312. Revision. Methods of carriage, Load, Ready and Make Safe, leaving the weapon
loaded.
Introduction
1-313. Explain: Many shots fired on exercise will be at short ranges against moving
targets, some of which will be crossing the front. The enemy will move quickly from cover
to cover and will expose themselves for the shortest possible time. The cadet must
therefore learn to anticipate the enemy’s movements, the allowances to make and the
techniques used to apply them in any firing position. The standing or kneeling position will
be used most in complex terrain, during the advance and in attack. The cadet must realise
that quick reaction and accurate shooting are essential when engaging moving targets, as
is frequent practice to achieve and maintain the high degree of skill required.

Crossing Target Allowance
1-314. Explain: When a shot is fired at a moving target, the
target continues to move during the time of flight of the
bullet. To allow for this movement it is necessary to aim in
front of the target otherwise shots will fall behind it. This
aiming in front, to anticipate the movement of the target, is
known as ‘lead’.
a. The amount of ‘lead’ necessary will depend
on the speed, range, and direction of movement. A
running target will require more ‘lead’ than a
walking target. A target moving diagonally across
the front will require less ‘lead’ than a direct
crossing target, and one moving head on or away
from the firer will require no lead at all. Finally, the
further the target is away the greater is the ‘lead’
required to allow for its movement (see Fig 1-60).
b. Cadets must acquire the ‘feel’ for the correct
‘lead’ necessary to fire at moving targets under
various conditions. Only by frequent practice will
proficiency be achieved.
c. Targets at long range are normally more
difficult to hit and if they are beyond 300 metres
cadets will have to aim higher than normal.
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Methods of Engaging Direct and Oblique Crossing Targets

1-316. Explain: Crossing targets are engaged by firing when the correct ‘lead’ or POA has
been taken relevant to the target. There are two methods of engaging moving targets,
tracking and ambushing.
1-317. The Tracking Method. Explain and demonstrate, using the standing position: this
is the normal and preferred method. The firer tracks the target as it moves and is less likely
to miss behind. The whole of the upper body pivots from the waist, therefore, other than
when firing from longer distances, it is not possible to use the method easily when firing
from the kneeling or sitting positions. The standing position offers the greatest freedom of
movement. The tracking method comprises of three stages:
a. The Mount. Identifying and acquiring the target in the sight’s field of view.
On the appearance of the target, come from the alert position, mount the rifle to
bring the target into the field of view and continue swinging in the direct of the
target passing it from behind.
b. Tracking. Move the foresight through the target to the correct ‘lead’ for the
speed, distance and direction of the target and continue to swing and correct the
POA.
c. Firing the Shot and Follow Through. Fire the shot smoothly, continue to
track ready for a second or subsequent shots. Follow through (continuing the
swing) prevents the sight falling behind the target during shot release.
d. Although described in three phases the whole sequence must be
developed so that it becomes one smooth action. If the situation/cover dictates that
the tracking method is used from the kneeling or sitting positions, the elbows are
raised from the knees and the back is straightened so that the firer can rotate from
the waist to track the target.
1-318. Confirm by questions and practice, using aiming aids and from the standing,
kneeling, and sitting positions.
1-319. The Ambush Method. Explain and demonstrate: This method is used when it is
difficult to swing with the target, i.e., in the prone or sitting position with both elbows rested.
a. Select a POA ahead of the target.
b. Come into the aim.
c. Commence firing prior to the target reaching the selected POA.
d. Continue firing until the target is hit, goes to ground or the selected POA
falls behind the target.
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Conclusion
c. Unload and withdraw depressors.
d. Safety precautions. Normal.
e. Pack kit.
f. Summary. To include the following:
(1) The importance of a quick accurate estimation of the range, angle,
and speed of the target.
(2) The need for constant practice.
(3) If a stoppage occurs the cadet must carry out speedy evasive action
and get to cover.
g. A forecast of the squad’s next lesson on this subject.
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Rifle Lesson 13. Boresighting the Rifle with Iron Sight
Instructors Notes
1-322. Aim. To teach how to boresight the Rifle.
a. Boresighting using the Small Arms Collimator (SAC).
b. Boresighting using an aiming point.
1-324. Method. A basic lesson conducted prior to teaching Rifle Lesson 14 – Zeroing the
Rifle with Iron Sight.
1-325. Stores.
Witness screens with 25 x 25 mm aiming marks as required
L3A1 SAC as available
Diagram of L3A1 SAC Graticule Pattern 1
Filled sandbags as required
Oil and cleaning materials as required
1-326. Preparation. Check sights, SACs, and combination tools for serviceability.
1-328. Divide the squad into groups of two.
1-329. The SAC must be used to establish each firer’s personal zero position (PZP).
1-330. Sight adjustment data is given in Rifle Lesson 14 and instructors may need to
extract this information to include in practice.
Preliminaries
1-332. Revision. Description of the parts of the sighting system, theory of aiming.
Introduction
1-333. Explain: To ensure that the group will form on the target when the weapon is fired
for the first time, it is necessary to align the centre of the bore and the sighting system.
Boresighting should never be conducted instead of zeroing unless it is unavoidable. Once
weapons have been zeroed, the SAC is used to register each individual cadet’s PZP, and
thereafter will allow the weapon to be check zeroed without the need for live firing. Whilst
a number of different SACs are available, the only one to be used with the L98A2 is the
L3A1, which is for use with the Iron sight.
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Characteristics
1-334. Explain: The L3A1 SAC is designed to provide a means by which cadets may check
the accuracy of the iron sight when fitted to the rifle. Correct and careful use of the SAC will
enable Cadets to carry out the following tasks:
a. Boresighting. To enable the weapon sight to be aligned to the axis of the
bore of the weapon, or to a given displacement in elevation from the axis of the
bore without firing. The SAC is calibrated to ensure that it corresponds to the
Correct Zeroing Position (CZP) for the rifle.
b. Recording Zero. After the cadet has zeroed their weapon by live firing the
SAC provides a means of reading and recording the setting at which the sight is
zeroed.
c. Checking Zero. The cadet is able at any time to check that the sight
remains at its zeroed setting and, if not, is able to adjust the sight to the correct
zero without firing.
General Description
1-336. Explain and demonstrate opening the case and removing parts as they are named
(See Fig 1-61): The moulded plastic case contains the following components:
a. Army Equipment Support Publications (AESPs).
b. Lens Cleaning Tissues.
c. Confidence Checker.
d. The SAC. The SAC consists of the following components:
(1) The Optical Collimator Assembly which houses the graticule pattern.
(2) The Spigot. This is designed to fit into the 5.56 mm barrel and contains
a spring to secure it into place.
(3) The Bumper Rubber which ensures correct insertion.
(4) The Betalight Assembly.
(5) Serial Number. Located on a plate on the side of the SAC.
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Fig 1-61. Small Arms Collimator (SAC)
Handling Rules
1-338. Explain. The SAC is a high-grade optical instrument and reasonable care must be
exercised when handling it:
a. Always ensure that the weapon is unloaded and NSPs are carried out
prior to fitting the SAC.
b. When the SAC is not fitted it should be placed in its case.
c. No attempt is to be made to strip the SAC.
d. A light coat of oil must be applied to the spigot prior to inserting it into the
weapon or the confidence checker.
e. Care must be exercised when inserting and removing the spigot in the
barrel.
f. Periodically check the calibration of the SAC using the confidence checker.
The Graticule Pattern

1-340. Explain and demonstrate using suitable aids: (see Fig 1-62). The graticule pattern
of the L3A1 SAC consists of a grid of horizontal and vertical lines incorporating a
Boresighting Mark (BSM) as follows:
a. Horizontal Lines. Are numbered on the left and right side from 1 to 5.
b. Vertical Lines. Are lettered at the top from A to E.
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c. BSM. This is a small, inverted triangle which is positioned centrally on the
Graticule Pattern at position C3. Above the BSM is a small circle which is for
manufacturing purposes only.
1-341. Confirm using prepared aids.
Fig 1-62. L3A1 SAC Graticule Pattern
Fitting and Removing the L3A1 SAC

1-342. Explain and demonstrate (cadets are to work in pairs): An assistant will be required
to carry out the following procedure:
a. Fitting:
(1) Carry out NSPs on the weapon.
(2) Ensure the iron sights are set to 200m.
(3) Adopt the prone supported firing position. DO NOT REST THE SAC.
(4) The assistant is to remove the SAC from its case, apply a light coat of
oil to the spigot and fit it by pushing it onto the rifle muzzle until the flash
eliminator is in contact with the rubber buffer. The assistant is to rotate the
SAC side to side and finally to the upright position. The firer should then
check that the graticule pattern is upright by relating the foresight blade of
the sight to the horizontal and vertical lines of the Graticule Pattern (see
Fig 1-62).
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b. Removing:
(1) Remove the SAC by grasping the barrel with one hand and with the
other pull the SAC forward until the spigot has been removed from the
barrel. This action will prevent any damage to the spigot whilst still in the
barrel.
(2) Replace the SAC in its case.
Boresighting using the SAC

1-344. Explain: To enable the axis of the bore and the line of sight to coincide the sights
of the weapon are adjustable for elevation and direction. The combination tool should be
used to make these adjustments. The foresight blade should appear base centre of the
BSM. The firer is to inform their assistant of the adjustments required by noting the position
of the BSM in relation to the foresight blade. The assistant is then to adjust the iron sight
as follows:
a. Elevation (see Fig 1-63). If the foresight blade is not positioned on the
BSM depress the locking plunger on the foresight with the combination tool and
with the forefinger or thumb rotate the vertical adjustment screw in the required
direction until it is located correctly.
b. Direction (see Fig 1-64). If the foresight blade is not positioned on the BSM
depress the locking plunger on the rear sight with the combination tool and with
the forefinger or thumb rotate the horizontal adjustment screw in the required
direction until it is located correctly.
1-345. Once adjustments have been made the SAC is removed and replaced again to
allow the firer to confirm that accurate adjustments have been made. When correct remove
the SAC and replace it in its case.
1-346. Confirm by practice, the squad working in pairs.
a. Foresight Blade a. Horizontal adjusting screw

b. Vertical Adjusting Screw b. Locking Plunger
c. Locking Plunger c. Combination Tool
Fig 1-63. Adjusting the Fig 1-64. Adjusting the
Iron Sight for Elevation Iron Sight for Direction
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Recording the Personal Zeroing Position (PZP)
1-347. Explain and demonstrate using prepared aids (see Fig 1-70a): Recording the PZP
should be carried out immediately after the cadet has zeroed their weapon by live firing.
Readings are taken by noting the position of the tip of the foresight blade of the sight against
the graticule pattern. Having noted the location, the reading can be registered by following
the blade upwards or downwards until a letter is acquired. The letter is the first part of the
reading. The procedure is then repeated moving left or right of the blade until a number is
acquired. The number forms the second and final part of the reading.
1-348. Confirm by practice using prepared aids.
Check Zero using the SAC

1-349. Explain and demonstrate using prepared aids: Before live firing practices the
accuracy of the weapon should be checked. This is achieved by confirming that the
foresight blade is still on the PZP. The sequence is the same as stated in paragraph 1-342
above except that the BSM is ignored and substituted for the PZP.
1-350. Confirm by practice, the squad working in pairs.
Checking Alignment
1-351. Explain and demonstrate: Periodically, or if there is any doubt about the accuracy
of the SAC, it should be checked for alignment using the confidence checker provided. To
do this, carry out the following:
a. Remove the confidence checker from the case. The confidence checker
consists of a shaped metal block with two holes drilled in it. The larger hole at the
bottom is for the spigot and the small hole at the top is for viewing (see Fig 1-65).
b. Prior to use inspect the confidence checker for damage or wear. Pay
particular attention to the spigot hole. If when the spigot is inserted, there is
excessive movement the SAC should be checked on another confidence checker.
The suspect confidence checker should be returned to the armourer for checking.
c. To check the alignment, apply a light coat of oil to the spigot and then push
it into the large hole until the metal block butts against the optical assembly.
Ensuring the checker is upright look through the viewing hole. (see Fig 1-66). If
the complete circle encompassing the graticule pattern can be discerned the SAC
is calibrated correctly. If not, the equipment should be returned to the armourer for
checking.
1-352. Confirm by questions and practice
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Fig 1-65. SAC Confidence Checker Fig 1-66. Checking Alignment

Care and Cleaning
1-353. Explain and demonstrate: The SAC is a sealed unit, and no attempt should be made
to strip any of the components. Should the calibration of the SAC be in doubt it should be
returned to the armourer for inspection. When required the SAC is to be cleaned in the
following manner:
a. Clean the entire SAC using a soft dry cloth.
b. Clean the lens carefully using the issued lens cleaning tissue.
c. Apply a light coating of oil to the shaft of the spigot. Inspect the spigot for
burrs.
d. Ensure the case is clean and dry.
e. If there is mud or grit on the collimator, remove with clean water. Soap or
weak detergent may be used to remove grease, stains, or smears.
f. Total submerging in water is to be avoided.
Boresighting without the SAC

1-354. Explain and demonstrate: If there are no SACs available an alternative method of
boresighting can be employed. This requires a distance of 25 metres as this is close to the
distance at which the line of sight and line of departure coincide (the fire trench on a Barrack
range is ideal). The procedure is as follows:
a. Carry out normal safety precautions; remove the sling.
b. Examine the sights for damage and ensure that there is no ‘play’ and that
the retaining screws are serviceable.
c. Remove the TMH and mechanism.
d. Set the sight to 200 metres as appropriate.
e. If there is a fire trench the one cadet moves into it, if not adopt the prone
position.
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f. Steady the body of the weapon on a sandbag and look down the barrel
towards the aiming mark. Once the alignment is correct, they report “on” (see Fig
1-67a).
g. The other cadet, ensuring they take care not to disturb the lay of the
weapon, looks through the sight and determines the position of the foresight blade
relative to the aiming mark (see Fig 1-67b).
h. If the foresight blade is not in the correct place, adjustments are made to
the elevation and direction screws.
i. Once the foresight blade is in the correct place, the pair change round and
confirm.
j. As a final confirmation move the weapon, then relay and check both the
bore and the foresight blade are on the aiming mark. When both cadets are
satisfied the weapon is re-assembled.
a b
Fig 1-67. Boresighting Alignment

(Without SAC)
Conclusion
b. Safety precautions. Normal.
c. Pack kit.
(1) Careful fitting and alignment of the SAC in the bore.
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(2) Correct alteration of the sights.
(3) Boresighting will only give a rough alignment.
(4) Boresighting must never be conducted instead of zeroing if a range is
available.
e. A forecast of the squad’s next lesson on this subject.
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Rifle Lesson 14. Zeroing the Rifle with Iron Sight
Instructors Notes
1-357. Aim. To teach the zeroing procedures with the Rifle fitted with Iron Sights.
a. What the act of zeroing is.
b. Why zeroing is necessary.
c. How to zero with the Iron Sight.
d. When to zero.
1-358. Timing. Two 40-minute periods (to be covered during one training session).
1-359. Method. A basic indoor instructional lesson. To be followed by a live firing period
of practical zeroing at 25 or 100 metres.
1-360. Stores.
Fig 11 on 1.220m screen, with white patch aiming mark 1
Tables as required
Coaching Aide-memoire 1 per cadet/CFAV
Ruler 1 per cadet/CFAV
25 metre Zeroing Charts 1 per cadet/CFAV
Map pins as required
or
Talc aids showing 9,3,5 & 20 round groups 1 per cadet/CFAV
Talc and lumocolour pens as required
1-361. Preparation.
a. Check sights and combination tools for serviceability.
b. Layout tables in a hollow square.
c. Prior to zeroing, each weapon should be boresighted (see RL 13).
a. Divide the squad into groups and allocate them to tables.
b. Use the talc aid to plot 20/9-round groups or explain the use of map pins to
show extreme spread of the group at 100 metres. When covering zeroing at 25
metres, show a 9-round group followed by a 3-round group.
c. During the final practice the squad are to work out the Extreme Spread (ES)
and the Mean Point of Impact (MPI), give the adjustment required and alter the
weapon sights. Indicate a check group and its size. The squad are to work out the
Permissible Variation (PV) and indicate their subsequent actions.
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Preliminaries
1-364. Revision. Named parts of the Iron Sight, adjusting Iron Sights for elevation and
direction.
Introduction
1-365. Explain: The act of zeroing is to superimpose the position of the MPI onto the
Correct Zero Position (CZP) at a determined range so that with the appropriate sight setting
and use of wind allowance, the group will form centrally at all other ranges.

Occasions for Zeroing
1-366. Explain: All weapons are checked for accuracy but are not zeroed before leaving
the factory. It is essential that a CFAV/cadet can zero their weapon before conducting the
application of fire shoots in the shooting syllabus. Zeroing is a personal matter, and it is
unusual for any two persons to have exactly the same zero with the same weapon. The
reasons for this are:
a. Variations in aiming.
b. The effect of ‘Jump’. This is the movement which occurs before the bullet
leaves the barrel. Its extent is influenced by the build of the firer, their firing position,
and the tightness of the hold.
1-367. Zeroing should be carried out on the following occasions:
a. Before any live fire application practices.
b. When a sight has been replaced or the weapon has been repaired.
c. Whenever the accuracy of the weapon is in doubt.
Zeroing Procedure
1-368. Preparation. Explain and Demonstrate: Weapon must be prepared as follows:
a. Thoroughly cleaned and prepared for firing.
b. Sights must be examined for damage. Retaining screws must be tightened
and serviceable. Look for any play in the fitting of the sights.
c. Rectify any faults before zeroing.
d. Check for correct eye relief for the firer.
e. The weapon should be boresighted prior to firing using the SAC (see RL
13).
1-369. Zeroing Ranges. Explain: The rifle can be zeroed at either 25 metres or 100
metres. To determine the true position of the centre of the group a number of shots are
fired. The zeroing ranges are:
a. 25 metres. When zeroing at 25 metres three 3 round groups are to be fired
from the prone position, each at the same POA using the appropriate zeroing chart
for the sight and rifle, which will achieve a combined group of 9 rounds.
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b. 100 metres. Four 5 round groups are to be fired from the prone position,
each at the same POA, which will achieve a combined group of 20 rounds.
c. After each 5 or 3 round group, apply your safety catch, stand up and relax,
resume the prone position, retest the position, and fire the next group.
25 Metre Procedure
1-371. Examination of the Group and Adjustment (Plot a 9-round group onto the target)
Explain: When zeroing at 25 metres the zeroing chart (See Fig 1-70a) is placed on the
witness screen, becoming the target, and is used to assist the firer in calculating the
displacement of the MPI from the CZP, enabling alterations to be made to the sight. Before
the weapon can be zeroed the firer must achieve a group size of 50mm or less when using
Iron Sight with 3 rounds at 25 metres. If this cannot be achieved the weapon is to be tested
by a known good shot. If the weapon still will not group, it is to be replaced. If the weapon
is not at fault the firer should receive remedial training to rectify the faults in their shooting
skills.
1-372. Extreme Spread (ES) and Mean Point of Impact (MPI) Explain and illustrate
using the map pins or talc aid: (See Fig 1-70b and c)
a. ES is defined as the distance between the centres of the two shot holes
furthest apart within the group.
b. MPI is the central point of the formed group. Demonstrate how to identify
the MPI.
1-373. Correct Zeroing Position (CZP) Explain and Demonstrate using zeroing charts:
At 25m, with the iron sights set to 200m, the CZP in relation to the POA, is 25mm below.
1-374. Displacement of the MPI from the CZP. Explain and demonstrate: Identify the
MPI and if it does not coincide with the Correct Zeroing Position (CZP) the sights of the
weapon are to be adjusted. Once the MPI of the 9 rounds has been identified, count the
squares left or right to identify the horizontal adjustment (one square is one graduation on
the sight) and then repeat the procedure for the vertical adjustment.
1-375. Confirm by practice. The squad to measure ES and identify MPI from groups plotted
on the target.
1-376. Sight Adjustment. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: The sights of
the weapon are adjustable for elevation and direction using a combination tool, screws
painted red are not to be tampered with. Adjustments are as follows:
a. Elevation (See Fig 1-68). To move the MPI up depress the locking plunger
on the foresight with the combination tool and, with finger or thumb, rotate the
vertical adjustment screw in the direction of the ‘U’ arrow. To move the MPI
downturn the screw in the direction of the ‘D’ arrow. One graduation of change will
raise or lower the MPI approximately 13 mm at 25 metres.
b. Direction (See Fig 1-69). To move the MPI to the left, depress the locking
plunger on the horizontal adjustment screw with the combination tool and turn the
screw in an anti-clockwise direction, and vice versa to move it right. One graduation
of change moves the MPI approximately 13 mm at 25 metres.
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1-377. Confirm by practice. Plot a group, the squad to work out the MPI and make
adjustments to their own sights.
100 Metres Procedure

1-378. Examination of the Group and Adjustment (Plot a 20-round group onto the
target). Explain: The MPI is identified and if it does not coincide with the CZP then the sights
of the weapon are to be adjusted. Before the weapon can be zeroed the firer must achieve
a group size of 300mm using Iron Sight with 20 rounds at 100 metres. If this cannot be
achieved the weapon is to be tested by a known good shot. If the weapon still will not group,
it is to be replaced. If the weapon is not at fault the firer should receive remedial training to
rectify the faults in their shooting skills.
1-379. Extreme Spread (ES) and MPI. Explain and illustrate using the map pins or talc
aid: The ES and MPI are identified using procedures already taught.
1-381. Correct Zeroing Position (CZP). Explain and Demonstrate: At 100m with the iron
sights set to 200m the CZP in relation to the POA is 100mm above.
1-383. Sight Adjustment. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating: The sights of
the weapon are adjusted as previously taught for elevation and direction. Adjustments are
as follows:
a. Elevation (See Fig 1-68). One graduation of change will raise or lower the
MPI approximately 50 mm at 100 metres.
b. Direction (See Fig 1-69). One graduation of change moves the MPI either
left or right approximately 50 mm at 100 metres.
1-384. Confirm by practice. Plot a group, the squad to work out the MPI and make
adjustments to their own sights.
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Permissible Variation (PV)
a. When an alteration has been made to the sight system, or when firing a
check group at any time, it will only be necessary to fire either one 5-round group
at 100 metres or one 3-round group at 25 metres. The ES of that group is then to
be measured and should be no more than 200mm at 100 metres or 50mm at 25
metres.
b. Determine the MPI of the check group.
c. Measure the straight-line distance between the MPI and the CZP. If this
distance is within 50 mm at 100 metres, or within the PV Circle (13 mm) at 25
metres of the CZP then the weapon is considered zeroed. If not then the 5 or 3
round group is to be left unpatched, another 15 or 6 rounds fired into the same
target thereby giving a 20 or 9 round group.
1-386. Confirm by questions. Plot a group and indicate the size, the squad are then to
decide whether or not the weapon is zeroed.
a. Foresight Blade a. Horizontal adjusting screw

b. Vertical Adjusting Screw b. Locking Plunger
c. Locking Plunger c. Combination Tool
Fig 1-68. Moving the Fig 1-69. Moving the
MPI Up or Down MPI Left or Right
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-120
Permissible
Variation (PV)
Circle (13 mm) Point of Aim
(POA)
Correct Zero
Position (CZP)
Fig 1-70a. Using the Zeroing Chart at 25 Metres
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-121
Fig 1-70b. Measuring the Fig 1-70c. Calculating the

Extreme Spread (ES) Mean Point of Impact (MPI)
MPI to CZP
Left 4 Graduations
Up 3 Graduations
Fig 1-71. Calculating adjustments to the Sights (25 Metres)
AC 71807-C Aug 23
1-122
Permissible Variation (PV)

Less Than 13 mm,
Weapon Zeroed
Fig 1-72. Measuring Permissible Variation
Conclusion
d. Pack kit.
(1) The importance of correct preparation for zeroing.
(2) Sound application of the principles of marksmanship during the
zeroing shoot.
(3) Care in calculating and carrying out the adjustment to the sights.
(4) The need for a live firing, practical zeroing shoot as the next stage in
the procedure.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
2-1
Chapter 2
Practice Periods
Introduction
Delivery
2-01. Practice periods are to be conducted by a qualified Skill at Arms Instructor (SAAI)
or a suitably qualified Senior Cadet iaw. Cadet Training-Ranges. When Senior Cadets are
conducting practice periods:
a. They must be supervised by a qualified CFAV SAAI.
b. The practice period must be prepared under direction of the qualified CFAV
SAAI.
c. The Cadets being practiced have previously received these Rifle
Lessons/been taught these Rifle Lessons by a qualified CFAV SAAI.
General
2-02. Training must be progressive; unnecessary repetition is bad instructional practice.
A cadet learns skills and facts in the basic Rifle Lessons which should be taught only once
during their training. They then need practice to speed up their actions and establish the
facts firmly in their mind.
2-03. The sequence of a practice period is:
a. REMIND - By explanation.
b. ASSESS WEAKNESS – By practice or test.
c. IMPROVE ON WEAKNESSES - By practice.
d. PROGRESSIVE PRACTICE – By competitions.
2-04. The practice periods in this pamphlet are intended to reinforce and confirm the
basic instruction by providing progressive, interesting practice, leading to Training Test
pass standards and as a guide to the best way of exercising cadets during training. The
instructor should plan the period on an assessment of the cadets’ weak points.
2-05. Faults should be brought to the notice of the cadet and corrected immediately,
otherwise they will go on making the same mistakes.
2-06. It may become obvious during a practice period that the cadets have failed to grasp
a particular skill or fact. The instructor will, therefore, have to teach that part of the basic
lesson again.
Competition
2-07. The incentive of competition will always help to make practise more interesting,
provided cadets can achieve acceptable skills standards. If not, additional practice will be
necessary before competition is worthwhile. Some points on framing competitions are:
a. They may be on an individual or on a team basis.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
2-2
b. If run on a team basis, the instructor must ensure that the selected teams
are all fairly equal as regards performance. The more advanced members of the
team will help along the weaker members.
c. Marks can be earned up to a given total, or competitors start with a given
total and lose marks for mistakes as the competition progresses.
d. A chart drawn on a board or a sheet of paper on which to mark results
should always be used.
e. Further interest can be developed by making one team or individual watch
another, criticising, and awarding or deducting marks.
f. Above all the instructor must make certain that competitions are simple,
realistic, and relevant, i.e., that they exercise the cadets in the facts and skills
related to their basic instruction and appropriate to their stage of training.
Master and Pupil

2-08. The master and pupil method of practice, in its simplest form, is for one cadet (the
pupil) to work under the supervision of another (the master); the instructor keeps an eye on
both.
2-09. At all stages of training, it stimulates interest, keenness, and attention to detail. It is
particularly useful with large squads and in competitions. Used regularly, it also develops
initiative and leadership, and potential leaders may well be discovered by watching the
masters at work.
Night and Field Training

2-10. Practice periods can be repeated at night or in darkness to accustom cadets to
using the weapons in low light conditions and the extra precautions needed to be carried
out. They may also be carried out by trained cadets, in field conditions, in preparation for
exercises.
2-11. The Army Cadets Fieldcraft and Tactics Training Manual develops the basic
instruction of this pamphlet by relating weapon handling (with tactical considerations
introduced) to the testing conditions of fieldcraft.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
2-3
Rifle Practice 1. Rifle Lessons 1-4
Instructors Notes
2-12. Aim. To practice cadets in the knowledge and skills learnt in:
a. Rifle Lesson 1. General Description, Safety, and the Sights.
b. Rifle Lesson 2. Stripping and Assembling.
c. Rifle Lesson 3. Basic Handling Drills.
d. Rifle Lesson 4. Cleaning and Maintenance.
2-13. Timings. Three 40-minute periods.
2-14. Method. An indoor practice period.
2-15. Stores.
30 per cadet/CFAV
5.56 mm drill rounds in clips of 10
(if clips available)
Magazine chargers 1 per cadet/CFAV
Stopwatch or watch with a second hand 1
Board, chalk/pens 1
2-16. Preparation.
a. Prepare a board for the final practice:
Quiz:
Sling Magazine Stripping Loading & Make Safe &
Named Parts &
Fitting Filling Assembling Unloading Safe Handling Total
Cleaning
Pts Pts Faults/Pts Faults/Pts Faults/Pts
a. To score, give one point to the cadet coming last in a test, two points to the
second last, three points to the third and so on.
b. Re-teaching to cadets is only to be done when considered necessary.
c. Further practices can be carried out at night or in simulated darkness.
Preliminaries
2-19. Revision. Nil.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
2-4
Introduction
2-20. Explain: It is essential that a cadet is proficient in the use of the GP rifle. You have
been instructed in the basic skills of the first four Rifle Lessons but must be proficient with
these skills before your training progresses. This ability is only acquired after a great deal
of practice.

Suggested Practices
2-21. A Quiz. Test on weapon characteristics, cleaning and maintenance and recognition
of ammunition. (Remind the squad that tampering with ammunition is dangerous and is
forbidden.)
2-22. The Sling. Fitting and removal repeated as necessary.
2-23. Stripping and Assembling. Remind the squad that all stripping must be carried
out for a purpose and that any unauthorised stripping or modification is dangerous and
constitutes a serious offence.
a. Explain: In the weapon handling tests, the cadet is to strip his weapon as
for cleaning, and then re-assemble it. The cadet fails if they make any mistake
which affects safety, but no time limit is imposed to avoid damage to the weapon.
b. Practice the squad in stripping and assembling different parts of the
weapon, for instance, the gas system, TMH, etc. When they can strip each part
faultlessly, practice them in complete stripping and assembling.
2-24. Names of Parts. With weapons stripped, question the squad on the names of parts,
including the sight.
2-25. Magazine Filling.
a. Explain: The cadets must be able on to fill a magazine quickly and correctly.
Full marks are awarded to the cadet who is able to fill a magazine with 30 rounds
the quickest (by hand).
b. Practice the squad.
2-26. Load, Ready, Unload and Make Safe.
a. Explain: During a WHT Cadets must complete all these drills correctly.
b. Practice the squad; use the commands “Load”, “Ready”, and “Unload”.
On occasions give the command “Make Safe” after “Ready”.
c. Question the squad as to the meaning of the words ‘Loaded’, ‘Ready’, and
‘Unloaded’.
2-27. Safe Handling.
a. Question the squad on safe handling drills.
b. Then practice the squad in the safe handling drills involving weapons with
magazines fitted/not fitted. Use some simple situations, e.g., leaving a weapon
under guard, collecting a weapon from the Armoury, etc., as practical illustrations.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
2-5
Final Practice
2-28. Conduct a final practice as follows:
a. Conduct practices as a competition; questions on facts conducted as a
quiz.
b. Divide the squad into two teams, each cadet fault-checking their opposing
team member.
c. Practice each team in turn in stripping and assembling, magazine filling,
loading, ready, making safe, unloading, and safe handling. Start with a maximum
number of points and deduct a point for every mistake made.
d. Record individual and team scores on the board.
Conclusion
a. Questions from the squad on the entire period.
b. Safety Precautions.
c. Pack kit.
(1) Highlighting any failings that have been identified and corrected or
that need further work.
(2) That regular practice will improve a cadets’ skills.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
2-6
Instructors Notes
a. Rifle Lesson 5. Holding and Aiming in the Prone Position.
b. Rifle Lesson 6. Firing in the Prone Position.
c. Rifle Lesson 7. Firing Drills.
d. Rifle Lesson 8. Firing from Other Positions and Use of Cover
2-33. Stores.
Aiming Aids 1 per cadet/CFAV
Aiming rest (improvised, weighted ammunition box) as required
Ruler 1 per cadet/CFAV
Paper sheets and drawing pins 1 set per cadet/CFAV
Stopwatch or watch with a second hand 1
Board, chalk/pens 1
Score sheet 1
2-34. Preparation.
a. Position targets.
b. Pin a sheet of paper on to a vertical flat surface.
c. Prepare a board for the final practice:
Testing &
Quiz Aiming Holding Firing Total
Name Adjusting
(HPS: 5) (HPS: 5) (HPS: 5) (HPS: 5) (HPS: 5) (HPS: 25)
d. The instructor to note the following conditions and scoring:

(1) Aiming:
(a) 3 mm = five points.
(b) 5mm = four points.
(c) 6 mm = three points.
(d) 8mm = two points.
(e) 9 mm = one point.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
2-7
(2) Holding. Order “Down. prone position hold. stand up”. Deduct one
point for each mistake. HPS: 5.
(3) Testing and Adjusting. Order “Down. Ready. Align onto the target.
Rest. Deduct one point for each mistake. HPS: 5.
(4) Firing Order. Order “Down. Ready. Five Rounds. Fire” “Watch and
shoot. Stop. Rapid. fire. Stop”. Deduct one point for each mistake. HPS:
5.
(5) Quiz. One point for each correct answer. HPS: 5.
e. Check that the stopwatch works.
a. Prone Position and Hold. Practice in steady holding can be given if
another member of the squad balances a small coin on the barrel.
b. Testing and Adjusting Position. Practice using cadets to look out for
mistakes.
c. Aiming (‘The Golden Shot’). Pin a sheet of paper to a vertical smooth
surface. Fix a weapon on a rest four metres away from a representative target with
a pin though the centre, against the piece of paper and let the cadet give directions
for the movement of an eye disc until they consider the aim is correct. If this is
repeated five times and the weapon has not been moved, a group of pin holes will
have been formed. The size of this group indicates how well the principle of aiming
has been mastered.
d. Firing. Use assistants to cock the weapon after each shot. Snap and rapid
exposures should be progressive working towards two rounds in eight seconds
snap shooting and five rounds in 15 seconds rapid.
e. Critics. When possible, during the final competition, use the teams not
being tested to act as critics and cocking assistants.
Preliminaries.
Introduction
been instructed in the holding and firing of the rifle but must be proficient with these skills
before your training progresses. To attain the ability the basic marksmanship principles
must be practiced until they become instinctive actions.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
2-8
Suggested Practices
2-38. Aiming. Practice the squad using:
a. Sight picture aiming aids.
b. Weapons in rifle rests at representative targets from a distance of ten
metres.
c. ‘Golden Shot’ - for consistency.
2-39. Prone Position and Hold. Practice the squad in the following:
a. The drill for adopting the prone position.
b. The prone position.
2-40. Testing and Adjusting Position. Practice the squad in the following:
a. The method of adjusting to eliminate faults in the firing position.
b. Confirming that the position is correctly aligned.
2-41. Firing the Shot, Follow Through and Declarations. Practice the squad in the
following:
a. Combining the breathing pause and the aim.
b. The trigger operation and the follow through.
c. Question the squad on how to determine faults in the firing drills from the
movement of the foresight or pointer after the shot is fired.
2-42. Types of Fire. Question the squad on the following:
a. The uses of deliberate, snap shooting, and rapid types of fire.
2-43. Deliberate, Snapshotting and Rapid Fire. Practice the squad in the actions
carried out on the commands “Fire”, “Watch and Shoot”, “Rapid fire”, “Stop”, and “Go
on”.
Final Practice
2-44. Conduct the practice as a competition for three teams as follows:
a. Explain the conditions before each practice.
b. Practice each team, in turn, in aiming, holding; testing and adjusting
positions; deliberate, snap shooting, rapid and automatic fire.
c. Record team scores on a chalkboard.
Conclusion
b. Safety Precautions. Normal.
c. Pack kit.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
2-9
AC 71807-C Aug 23
2-10
Instructors Notes
a. Rifle Lesson 9. Mechanism of the Weapon, Immediate Action, and
Stoppages
b. Rifle Lesson 10. Aiming Off and Alteration of Sights
c. Rifle Lesson 11. Carriage of the Weapon and Reaction to Effective Enemy
Fire
d. Rifle Lesson 12. Firing at Crossing and Multiple Targets
2-49. Stores. To be determined by instructor once practices decided upon.
Fig 11 on 1.220m screen 1
Mechanism diagram gapped handout 1
Map pins 1 set per cadet/CFAV
Board, chalk/pens 1
Score sheet 1
2-50. Preparation.
a. Prepare a chalkboard for the final practice:
Reaction to
Aiming Engaging
IA Effective Enemy Total
Name Off Crossing Targets
Fire
(HPS: 10) (HPS: 5) (HPS: 10) (HPS: 10) (HPS: 35)
b. The instructor is to note the following conditions and scoring:

(1) IA. Order “Load — down — ready — rapid fire”. Words of
command are to be as laid down in Rifle Lesson 9. Deduct one mark for
each error of drill unless it affects safety, in which case award no marks.
HPS: 10.
(2) Aiming off for Direction and Elevation. Explain, using a Fig 11 on a
1.220 metre screen: The position of each shot to be indicated has been
fired correctly using the correct aiming mark. Practice the squad in showing,
using a map pin, the amount of aim off required to bring the shot into the
centre of the target. Give five examples and deduct one mark for each
incorrect answer. HPS: 5.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
2-11
c. Realistic wind and elevation problems are to be prepared before- hand.
d. Rifle Lessons 11 and 12. Reconnoitre the training area and select the
following:
(1) A fairly flat area of approximately 30 50 metres in length.
(2) An area of cover to practice the reaction to effective enemy fire, and
the enemy position in relation to it for a Fire Control Order
(3) Put out targets as follows on the flat area:
Target
Target Target
Target
e. Instructor to note the following:
(1) Engaging Crossing Targets. Divide the squad into the four teams. Two
teams, rifles in the ‘Alert’ position, facing each other, 20 metres apart, and
paired off as opponents. Order “Advance. Fire. Advance”, etc. One team
moves, the other fires, then change over. The other two teams to act as
critics then change round. Alternatively use two teams only; one team to
practice the moving target and shooting and the other to act as critic. One
point to be deducted for any error or slow reaction. HPS: 10.
(2) Reaction to Effective Fire. Two teams, one team being practiced,
each man having a critic. Order “Load. Ready. Advance. Take cover”.
When they are all in a fire position, order “Prepare to advance. Advance”.
Deduct one mark for each error in the drills. HPS: 10.
a. IA and Stoppages. Divide the squad into their two groups, assistants and
firers. Use representative targets to aim at. Ensure that the correct firing drills are
carried out after the cadet completes the stoppage drill.
b. Aiming Off. Allow cadets to indicate their answers using map pins on a Fig
11 target superimposed on a 1.220 metre screen. Make use of the positions 150
mm and 450 mm above and below the POA in set examples.
c. Method of Carriage. For stationary practice, position the squad, with
weapons ready, at one end of the flat piece of ground that was previously selected.
Order “High/low port” or “Alert”, etc. Then order “Kneeling/sitting/standing
position. Enemy front/right/left”. Change the method of carriage (i.e. back slung)
and repeat.
d. Reaction to Effective Enemy Fire. Position the squad, with weapons ready
in extended line 20 metres from selected cover. Indicate the left and right
boundaries. Order “Advance. Take cover”. Give a FCO onto the pre-selected
enemy position, then order “Stop. Prepare to advance. Advance”.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
2-12
e. Final Practice. During any firing drills, use one team as critics, one as
assistants and the other as firers.
f. Signals. Arrange a simple hand signal to indicate to assistants when they
are NOT to cock the rifles. Indicate the condition of the magazine by showing
prepared examples.
Preliminaries
Introduction
been instructed in the handling of the rifle but must be proficient with these skills before
your training progresses.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
2-13
Suggested Practices
2-54. Basic Mechanism. Question the squad on the mechanism. Have the cadets use
their weapons to illustrate their answers.
2-55. IA. Practice the squad in the IA and the actions on examining the body and the
chamber.
a. Explain: Full marks are awarded to the cadet who carries out the correct
actions for the IA. One mark is deducted for each mistake unless it involves safety,
in which case five marks are deducted.
b. Practice the squad.
2-56. Aiming Off for Wind. Practice the squad in solving problems involving, aiming off
for wind and POA.
2-57. Methods of Carriage and Close Quarter Shooting. Question and practice the
squad as to when the high port, low port and alert positions are used.
2-58. Handling and Firing Behind Cover and Engaging Crossing Targets. Practice
the squad in taking up fire positions to cover an arc of fire and using any available cover.
2-59. Reaction to Effective Enemy Fire. Practice the squad in taking cover during an
advance and in moving out of cover to continue the advance.
Final Practice
2-60. Conduct the practice as a competition for three teams as follows:
a. Explain the conditions before each practice.
b. Practice each team, in turn, in IA, further action, and aiming off for
elevation.
c. Practice each team, in turn, in engaging crossing targets and reaction to
effective enemy fire.
d. Record team scores on a chalkboard.
Conclusion
b. Safety Precautions. Normal.
c. Pack kit.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
3-1
Chapter 3
Information for the Instructor
Section 1. Examination of the GP Rifle
General
3-01. All instructors must know how to examine the GP Rifle in order to check efficiently
that it is being kept fit for use. This examination should be carried out weekly.
3-02. The Barrel (Weapon Stripped). View the bore from both chamber and muzzle.
Look for rust, fouling, cuts, pitting or bulges:
a. Rust will appear as a dark patch and will also show on the flannelette when
the barrel is pulled through.
b. A cut will appear as a dark hair line running up the bore.
c. A bulge will appear as a dark ring.
d. Metallic fouling will appear as streaks or patches and can often be re-
moved using a wire bore brush.
e. Pitting is invariably a result of previous rusting in the bore. It will appear
as irregularly shaped dark marks and will not respond to cleaning.
3-03. The Body. Examine the body casing, checking for cracks, dents, or distortion.
Check the following components:
a. Retention of the rear locking pin.
b. The cheek pad is securely attached.
c. The sight rail is secure, undamaged and will allow the optical or iron sight
to be easily fitted.
3-04. The Breech Mechanism. Carefully check the mechanism for any of the following:
a. Cracks in the area of the locking splines and the cam stud hole in the bolt.
b. Damage to the extractor claw and the ejector. Always ensure that the axis
pins are not proud when assembled.
c. Damage or fracturing of the firing pin and cam stud.
d. Distortion of the recoil rods.
3-05. The Gas System.
a. Use the reamer of the combination tool to remove all traces of carbon
fouling from the gas block, gas cylinder and gas plug.
b. Check the components for damage or wear as follows:
(1) The gas plug is not burred or chipped.
(2) The cylinder always slides easily over the complete length of the gas
plug.
(3) The plunger in the gas plug operates freely.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
3-2
(4) The piston rod and its spring are free from any distortion and fractures.
3-06. The Trigger Mechanism Housing.
a. Examine the trigger mechanism housing for any distortion, cracks, and
dents.
b. Check the following components and ensure that they operate freely:
(1) The pistol grip is not loose or cracked.
(2) The butt plate is secure and undamaged.
(3) The safety catch moves freely and is retained in the Safe (S) and Fire
(F) positions.
(4) Retention of the front locking pin.
3-07. The Iron Sights. The Iron Sights should be securely attached to the weapon and
the retaining screws checked for tightness.
3-08. The Hand Guard. Check that the hand guard is secure and free from splits or
damage. The plastic shield is to be secure on the cover. The nibs of the cover should retain
it firmly in the closed position.
3-09. Final Examination Cadet GP Rifle. With the weapon assembled, carry out the
function test as directed within Rifle Lesson 2.
3-10. Defects. Where any defects or damage is noted as a result of the examination, the
weapon should be passed to an Armourer for repair at the earliest opportunity.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
3-3
Section 2. The Safe Blank Firing System
General
3-11. The Blank Firing System is designed to enable the weapon to function normally
and safely when blank ammunition is used. The system consists of:
a. A Blank Firing Attachment (BFA) incorporating a bullet trap.
b. A specially designed blank magazine.
Description
3-12. The blank firing system consists of the following:
a. BFA (see Fig 3-1). The body of the BFA partially surrounds the flash
eliminator with its claw like rear engaging behind the flash eliminator. The BFA
body is threaded to receive the tube which fits into the rifle muzzle. The tube is a
bullet trap designed to capture up to three live rounds accidentally fired through
the Rifle. There are four different BFAs. They are marked on the bullet trap with
the appropriate weapon type. The correct BFA must be used, or stoppages will
occur.
Fig 3-1. The Blank Firing Attachment (BFA)

b. Magazine (see Fig 3-2). The body of the magazine is the same size and
shape as the normal magazine. It can be stripped in exactly the same way. The
guides on the magazine body are coloured yellow to assist with identification. Fitted
to the front of the magazine is a yellow detente depressor. Above this a detente
guide is cut into the body with a detente set into it. This is attached to a round
limiter which is situated in front of the magazine platform. The platform and spring
are particular to this magazine. No attempt must be made to fit a normal
platform and spring to this magazine. No attempt must be made to remove
the round limiter or its components.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
3-4
a. Round Limiter b and c. Détente Guide.
d. Détente Depressor (also aids in recognition of the Blank Magazine at night),

assist with the removal of the Blank Rounds from the magazine.
Fig 3-2. The Blank Magazine
Fitting and Removing the BFA

3-13. To fit the BFA:
a. Ensure that the weapon is unloaded.
b. Unscrew the tube sufficiently to enable the body of the BFA to fit over the
flash eliminator.
c. Position the BFA over the flash eliminator, insert the tube into the eliminator
and then engage the claw of the BFA body onto the rear of the eliminator. Ensure
that the sides of the body are located at the 3 and 9 o’clock position.
d. Holding the BFA in position, tighten the tube by rotating it clockwise until it
is firmly seated.
e. Using the combination tool tighten the tube by turning the nut that is
attached to the top of the bullet trap. Do not over tighten.
3-14. To remove the BFA
AC 71807-C Aug 23
3-5
a. Ensure that the weapon is unloaded.
b. Reverse the procedure detailed in paragraph 3-13.
Cleaning and Maintenance

3-15. It is important that the BFA and magazines are correctly cleaned and maintained
to ensure their serviceability.
a. When the system is not in use, the attachment is to be kept clean and oiled
to prevent rust forming on the uncoated metal parts.
b. Before any blank firing, the attachment is to be thoroughly dry cleaned and
checked to ensure that it is fitted securely.
c. After any blank firing, all fouling within reach, both inside and outside the
attachment, is to be removed. Abrasive materials such as Scotchbrite should not
be used as it will remove the protective coating on the BFA. The attachment should
then be inspected and oiled.
d. The magazine is to be cleaned and then inspected as for the normal
magazine with the following additions:
(1) No attempt should be made to remove the round limiter or spring
when stripping.
(2) Inspect the detent, the detent guide and detent depressor for damage.
(3) Check that the round limiter is not bent or damaged.
(4) Ensure that the round limiter moves up and down freely by pushing in
the detente and at the same time pushing down on the detente depressor.
The round limiter should move up and down freely.
e. If the magazines are damaged in any way, they should not be used but
returned to the Armourer for remedial action.
Use
3-16. The following points are to be noted:
a. The magazine is to be filled in the normal way with blank ammunition. The
round limiter will stop accidental filling with live rounds. Under no circumstances
is the round limiter to be depressed when filling the magazine.
b. The gas plug is to be set to normal (N). This should ensure the ejection
approximates in length to that obtained by the ejected case of a normal ball round.
c. Handling drills are as taught in Rifle Lessons.
d. The rapid rate of fire applicable to the Rifle must never to be exceeded.
e. The BFA should be frequently checked for correct, tight fitting during use.
f. Weapons are not to be tampered with or modified in any way.
g. Serviceable issued hearing protection must be worn by all cadets and
CFAVs when firing blank ammunition, and by all other personnel in close proximity
to the firer.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
3-6
Safety
3-17. The following safety points are applicable when firing blank ammunition:
a. A BFA MUST be fitted, and the blank magazine must be used when firing
blank ammunition.
b. A danger area of one metre exists in a semi-circle from the muzzle of the
weapon when firing blank (see Fig 3-3). The weapon is never to be pointed directly
at anyone within one metre.
c. Great care is to be taken during any type of training in which any personnel
may unexpectedly appear close to the firer.
d. Ear defence is mandatory for all firers, supervisors, and others in close
vicinity of the firing point or area.
e. The attachments are only to be used when firing with blank ammunition.
The nose of this ammunition is crimped and usually sealed with varnish, but in
other respects the rounds are of the same shape and length as ball ammunition.
These facts must be emphasized by CFAVs in charge of training whenever blank
ammunition is used. All users must become familiar with the difference between
blank and ball ammunition.
f. Under no circumstances are ballistite cartridges to be used instead of blank
ammunition.
3-18. Further rules for use of the BFA can be found in, Cadet Training–Ranges,
Regulations for Cadets Training with Cadet Weapon Systems and Pyrotechnics.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
3-7
Fig 3-3 Danger Area with BFA Fitted
AC 71807-C Aug 23
3-8
Fig 3-4 SBFS Fitted
AC 71807-C Aug 23
4-1
Chapter 4
L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle Weapon Handling Test (WHT)
General
4-01. Purpose. The purpose of WHTs is to provide a measure of personal weapon
handling skill throughout the Cadet Forces in line with the appropriate policy and handling
requirements. Mandatory testing ensures that handling skills of all cadets/CFAVs are
monitored accurately and rectified if necessary.
4-02. Testing and Results.
a. All tests are to be carried out in daylight and conducted by a qualified,
competent Skill at Arms Instructor (SAAI). Standards are to be measured and
WHTs taken as follows:
(1) At appropriate stages during the relevant Single Service Cadet
training syllabus, where applicable, and on its completion.
(2) Within six months prior to live or blank firing the weapon.
(3) Within six months prior to conducting or supervising any training
involving the weapon.
(4) Prior to attending any Range Management Qualification, Exercise
Planning and Conducting Officer or Skill at Arms Instructor Courses.
b. Results. Results are to be recorded in the individual cadet/CFAV’s
personal records, and on WESTMINSTER or BADER as appropriate.
4-03. Progression of Training. Prior to taking WHTs cadets/CFAVs are to have
completed the appropriate Rifle Lessons and practice periods in accordance with this
pamphlet.
4-04. Conduct. WHTs are to be conducted as follows:
a. NSPs are to be carried out by the instructor on all weapons and drill
ammunition prior to any WHT taking place.
b. Tests are to be completed consecutively and are to be carried out using
drill ammunition. Tests are to be conducted by a current and competent SAAI.
c. The ideal ratio of assessor to student should be 1:1. At most a SAAI may
assess 2 students at once; in this case the students must not be allowed to see
each other.
4-05. Dress. Tests are to be carried out wearing belt order webbing/viper vests.
4-06. Definition of Standards. The standards to be achieved are defined as follows:
a. Pass - Pass in all tests.
b. Fail - Fail in any test.
4-07. Training Performance Standards. Cadets/CFAVs are considered competent on
achieving the pass standard. Failure to meet the pass standard indicates that they are not
competent in the use of the L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
4-2
4-08. Retesting is only to be carried out after completion of remedial training.
Providing the retest is conducted within the training session then only those test(s) that an
individual has failed need be retested.
WHTs L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle
Test No. 1
Subject Safety.
Stores Rifle with sling fitted, unloaded. Safety Catch at ‘F’, Rifle lying on the ground.
Conditions Order the cadet/CFAV to “Take control of the Rifle”. The cadet/CFAV,
without further direction, is to pick up the Rifle and carry out normal safety
precautions.
Marking Standard:
Pass: Drill correctly conducted.
Fail: Drill in-correctly conducted.
Test No. 2
Subject Stripping, Cleaning and Assembling.
Stores Rifle with sling fitted, unloaded, cleaning roll (with combination tool out),
flannelette and oil.
Conditions 1. Order the Cadet/CFAV to “Strip the rifle as for daily cleaning”. Ask the
following questions:
a. What size flannelette is used to clean the barrel?
b. What size flannelette is used to oil the barrel?
2. Order the Cadet/CFAV to indicate the parts of the combination tool that are
used to clean the gas plug.
3. Order the Cadet/CFAV to “Assemble the Rifle and carry out the
function test”.
Marking 1. Standard:
Pass: 1 or 2 mistakes.
Fail: More than 2 mistakes.
2. Award no qualification if any mistake affects safety.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
4-3
Test No. 3
Subject Magazine Filling.
Stores 10 drill rounds, magazine.
Instructor’s Note: After Test No. 3, all ammunition is to be removed from the
magazine. Fit magazine platform depressors.
Conditions On the command “Go” the Cadet/CFAV is to fill the magazine with 10 drill
rounds by hand.
Marking 1. No time limit.
2. Standard:
Pass: Correctly filled.
Fail: Incorrectly filled.
Test No. 4
Subject Loading – Standing Position.
Stores Rifle with sling fitted, one magazine in fastened pouch.
Instructor’s Note: Load with a magazine fitted with a platform depressor.
Conditions Give the command “Load”. Pouches must be refastened.
Instructor’s Note: Leave rifle loaded for Test No 5.
Marking 1. The Cadet/CFAV is to be told that no time limit is imposed but that all actions
should be carried out quickly and correctly.
2. Standard:
Pass: 1 mistake.
Fail: More than 1 mistake.
Test No. 5
Subject Ready Drill Prone Position.
Stores Rifle loaded (from Test No. 4), representative targets.
Conditions 1. Order “Prone Position Down”.
2. Once the Cadet/CFAV has aligned on to the target order “Ready” or issue
a range “100”.
Marking 1. The actions tested are those relating to the Ready Drill only.
2. The Cadet/CFAV is to be told that no time limit is imposed but that all actions
3. Standard:
Pass: 1 mistake.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
4-4
Test No. 6
Subject Immediate Action (IA) Forward Assist.
Stores Rifle loaded and ready (from Test No. 5), representative targets.
Conditions 1. Order “Fire”.
2. Order “Rifle firing alright – rifle stops”. Cadet/CFAV to carry out the IA.
Order “Cocking handle fully forward”. Cadet/CFAV is to tap forward on the
cocking handle and continue firing.
3. Order “Rifle fires alright” “Stop”.
Marking 1. The actions tested are those relating to the (IA) and Cocking Handle Fully
Forward Drills only.
3. Standard:
Pass: 1 mistake.
Test No. 7
Subject IA and Loose Magazine Drill.
Conditions 1. Order “Fire” “Rifle firing alright – rifle stops”. Cadet/CFAV to carry out
the IA. Order “Cocking handle fully forward”. Firer is to tap forward on the
cocking handle and continue firing.
2. Order “Rifle still fails to fire”.
3. On examination of body and chamber order “Rounds in magazine –
chamber clear”. Allow the firer to complete the drill.
Marking 1. The actions tested are those relating to the Loose Magazine Drill only.
3. Standard:
Pass: 1 mistake.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
4-5
Test No. 8
Subject IA and Obstruction Drill.
Conditions 1. Order “Fire” “Rifle firing alright – rifle stops”. Cadet/CFAV to carry out
the IA. Order “Cocking Handle not fully forward”.
2. On examination of body and chamber, order “Obstruction”.
3. When the Cadet/CFAV has removed the magazine and attempted to clear
the obstruction by hand or using a tool from the maintenance kit, order
“Obstruction Clear”.
4. When the Cadet/CFAV has visually inspected the chamber, order
“Chamber Clear”.
5. Cadet/CFAV is to complete the obstruction drill.
Marking 1. The actions tested are those relating to the Obstruction Drill only.
3. Standard:
Pass: 1 mistake.
Test No. 9
Subject IA and Empty Magazine Drill.
Conditions 1. Instruct the Cadet/CFAV to cock the weapon and apply the Holding Open
Catch, with the working parts held to the rear, order “Test and adjust – fire”
“Rifle firing alright – rifle stops”.
2. Cadet/CFAV is to carry out the IA. Order “Empty Magazine”. Firer is to
carry out the drill for an empty magazine.
3. When the Cadet/CFAV has completed the drill and continued firing, order
“Rifle fires alright” “Stop”.
Marking 1. The actions tested are those relating to the Empty Magazine Drill only.
3. Standard:
Pass: 1 mistake.
AC 71807-C Aug 23
4-6
Test No. 10
Subject Unloading.
Stores Rifle loaded and ready (from Test No. 9).
Conditions The test follows on from Test No. 9. Give the command “Unload”. The test is
not complete until the Cadet/CFAV has recovered the ejected round, replaced
it in the magazine and fastened the pouch.
Marking 1. The Cadet/CFAV is to be told that no time limit is imposed but that all actions
2. Standard:
Pass: 1 mistake.
AC 71807-C Aug 23

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Handling Instructions: For MOD Cadet Forces Use Only

The L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle (5.56 mm) and

Layout of the Pamphlet

Weapon Training Dress and Equipment

Fig 1-1. The L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle

Lengths (mm) 773

Characteristics of the L98A2 Cadet GP (5.56mm) Rifle

The Parts of the Weapon

a. Muzzle and Flash Eliminator b. Foresight

Safe Handling: Rifle with No Magazine Fitted

1-23. Confirm by questions and practice.

Fig 1-5. The Sling

1-25. Fitting. Explain and Demonstrate, the squad imitating:

Fig 1-6. Sling Fitting (1)

Fig 1-7. Sling Fitting (2)

Fig 1-8. Sling Fitting (3)

Fig 1-9. Front Slung Carriage

Fig 1-10. Quick Release

Fig 1-11. Back Carriage

Leaf Aperture Leaf Aperture

Fig 1-12. The Iron Sight

Fig 1-13. Removing the Foresight

Fig 1-14. Removing the Carrying Handle

Fig 1-15. Component Parts

Stripping and Assembly

Fig 1-16. Removing the TMH

Rifle Function Test

Fig 1-17. Removing the Recoil Rod and Spring

Fig 1-18. Removing the Cocking handle

Fig 1-19. Removing the Bolt Carrier

Fig 1-20. Removing the Firing Pin

Fig 1-21. Removing the Firing Pin

Fig 1-22. Removing the Cam Stud

a. Ejector b. Extractor c. Locking Splines d. Cam Stud Recess

Fig 1-25. Removing the Gas piston

Fig 1-25. Removing the Gas Cylinder

Fig 1-26. Removing the Gas Plug

Fig 1-27. Removing the Handguard

Fig 1-28. Stripping the Magazine

Fig 1-29. Magazine Platform Depressor Fitted

Fig 1-30. H83 Container (Ball)

Fig 1-31. H83 Container (Blank)

Fig 1-32. The Ball Round

Fig 1-33. The Blank Round

Fig 1-34. Rounds Correctly Seated

Fig 1-35. Emptying the Magazine

c. Place a clip of 10 rounds into the magazine charger.

Fig 1-36 Magazine Filling Charger Fitted

Load, Ready and Unload

Fig 1-37. Alert Position

Safe Handling with a Magazine Fitted

a. Oil Bottle b. Muzzle Cover

a. Gas Cylinder Reamer

Levels of Cleaning and Maintenance

Cleaning and Maintenance in Camp or Detachment

Fig 1-40. Lubrication Chart

Range Work, Dry Training and Blank Firing

Fig 1-42. Leg Position 2

Holding in the Prone Unsupported Position (9 key point check list)

Prone Supported Position (Magazine Rested)

Fig 1-43. The Prone Unsupported Position

Fig 1-44. The Prone Supported Position (Magazine Rested)

Fig 1-45. Correct Eye Relief