TAIT Systm has Tinker Connection when Counectial in Y Paratl el aud Ceviee des 2 1. Cascade Connection of syptim 1 Tarsus of ; x iret at) fro Ew ys ) tiing tha weeau oblatn Commutative § axmoualive Pasperkes ef spin 2. the al Canbe weprancd oun’ ate) ——| ne htt ye? a+ Parallel Conneetious of Selim - Piney tiie Rein cdion ete lech chs oes Sav - rss abate) + 10 * tte) = Gute) v sa = fr) +Yote) e MO SOWETO 1 ~cen hilt) = ub) he Le) - Ul da) -uln) halt) > Stn-a) h4= of uth)Whe) +h tt) | diag A ISS bat) —) wile) Abate) 3 hale), ae A) hate) eee) ce qo-Tr ahyte) sehsce)| —ha Ct) {ts atm) -ofr)] * Seal - Bean 2 Teme) * Se-a) | - auth) uln) ~ a utp) 5 ie (1-a% ) ute) - # Uke Sep Response ofa Ant ate au the elp qe f a dicevel - dime &T) S-plana characters ged Ca an ee veaponse hin) with t]p a(n) is {” = h(n) #Cn) af ‘fp f2 a unit ekep 3c an) = ulm) then skp fusponse — g(m)= nx wln) ui ST ace) alr-k) KamWe baw A WERE LS WR YO RAW @ eO 3 nkKiO KY¥N. : we pe sm)> Sh Wek) eos Fo Slep vesponce of aan Tea she Vmpalre Yeponce vs the tery Sum of | qc = hte) att) FE atey= wle) . then Step veeponce ‘Secu s, Ste)= Wd) * alt) - face) alee) at = is Wclenous sable, vi Cer ree k-% YO OF Tat ogatGy i Lm Os ees Toso Aiscrele time Atl Sypleme ase Connectzd tw costae an Sfloron . Determine the Witt Sample Yeponse of this Cortade Connection tinct Savage Tapes = KO) aol ae ’ : ‘cone xn) | Wd hJuce) natn) = (Yay ata) 4 Costade Connor ¢. Win) = hicu) + ho C4)SY Convo lution defrratiion : hen) = vi W.Ck) - hi Cn-k) Keww = k cules ° (Ys) ute). (%) uln-k) K-00 rs 4 “K ~ Yi onsutk) (ie) Wa) ute’) Ker * = (May SE ChYSC¥a) ute) alee’) eee Usin defruakinw ulk) u(u-ls)- 31 5nrk OG NAN n(n) = (v4) x ays (umd re - (Ay > 5 (yk eo 2 +o = n w st oe ea ~ (AY Tea | Se k-4e BE cnc as are a-l = (Yn) cea aiO eee Cd of the ATI ee whose (3) ‘impute ond untt Sample Yuponse ger rote on follows atn)= b utr) hn) = a® uth) ee) = an) x hln) be = De axCkK). nlu-k) Kea ~ Yb uu). FA Cn-k) ke es a > KYO ea SALO) » lower Lintt ae f k=O & ulk)=41. = k Gor Vit ak ahutunw) K-o wing skep *esponse defination Y ieitrers) 2 3 ale i meal O 3, nk eed ale ton & uln-k)=1- . k tw) = Decabogaes 4 Kz0 , - aS! (wa) ° 4 Li) weer that)” a i 4 ba! -|| Expanding the @immaton (no) = Lhto) af ne) + Cr) tfro-1) +t C2) alme-2) 4 -- I+ [ne 21 (nodt) + hE?) mlno-2) - i hare a (Mo) = ae ‘lp (me H) me (nor2) = fuliere *[p alvo-1) , atno-2) = past ‘lp we Rov thal op of Coustral Syilen at us Bo depencls on ‘lp PB, mAue +) hea) -hO2)-hls): .-. =0 XMox) , XUlMot2), -- = O A ae Gs eaid +o be Coural iL hluy=0 for NAO Bee of ee eae ° A Gm te goid tobe gkable if ik produce boundd efp> fy wey epee ~ Devive gtabeely criteria veil Sa qo Yh wcis) acln-k) he -00 fabineg oalocolule valu on Yootl sicher bs en |= |Yinex) nutn-k)} aces alsctulk valus of total gum Ts alway, lec tran or eqral +o Sam of alosolulr value of fucliurcual terme.yoo | x YE Jute) | Jatn-k) | Vex be TE the S[p eqarme ath) te bounded , then then eaisk a See number Ma, gueb tba Jatn) \& Me pie Lye) SMe Slew) | Ke-00 i ms forty) tobe Pmt Yi |ntx)) <> kone oe if the Sam of ee Teaporne ss eons lon lp > is alo Patt A foe ts gaid tobe stable if DL Ahtk)) Aw Veco Bo pe tas and With Saas Sen a — A ae is Str)= Sith) Ea a py SCA = ntl - (th) C2) a (ws) -4 y, cay | = Ch) -! Swe) EWU) Ste) = i nlx) av Te t - (ots ult) Av : beat ~ Fs gi 4. Wk) - Paar) t me) he Bu) = { ae a sat nat ce ee te“ S| ae See :x sol ] Di iy ; oa rae Equation Se hisec® ef rari ete ne : See ots ker Mee of Hme dowoin reper er foe dm oop = Te qe the nation slp bdtocen “lp Sele of LT) axon. ~ Difherentia equation axe uscd te Hime Systow Boil rae ik, PA eee represent diceree aime epee 4. Di jerential eqpoliow ¥ Aime AN Se eneval Porm of 0 near Conttant - coxffitent 45 hewenbal equation ie raid by: x ™M Shan ae a). Vhong ah at _ Ko ats i ae z 0 sprees Conbnucus jesentation Sy Cantinuses enka aaa ¢ rolure att) is ip of the cyst - 4) is elp of the caption N, M= Order of difherential eqpration Solution Row Aillereabal eqyrakon the expression Poy “the 2 tt) har & Component. P ee a ae é Nalitval responce + lp obtained dus to IWiKal Condition, denoted by qe)elie vu pense poy on veapouse - ’ 4. Natural Response ery fev votre! wipers only tial Condittons dhave te be Considered amd Sle 7 is Zane. f ¢ Ahe ee: veducs to: 4 4 ax aX yte)= 0 = @ es Sef ree a ae Ai{ferentval equation : eens Abia Te coll ~ Nokural re of 3 aps ts of the < vo ae _@ vi ase the N Kool of the ae choractertatre eqpolion © wlick tc tie an x Siow X20 -@® Sahablule the nook 17 ev@ we nies natural Susponse, as fasph© Find the nalaval Roe fox the pa clerertbed @) he Afbernbal equatron : ees ie sd ye) ytoyce)= Aute) el a2: deci timd the natinal Negpome . oe have to consider alt)=oO 2 ts ios eae & K. Fe oblate chowactert che eqpoGiow meplace ayes) ae atk 2s Sy 40-0 ve NO v¥--2 +. nalival yeRponce 4 (ty= C coe ) te). C oe wven ylo)= 8 Pe Use A aCe CaS =a; » natural See T° -3e ® Determine the nalrtral yea of the ae desertbed e Aalferenbal eqpotion = tod) 4 guid = xt) with ylo=d . ae q haltora! reapomes te obtained wilt du0 ile. to dylt) + ay te) =0 ak* Vo Obtain coolk Saat 4 : ae t. toy ta-d >. Moe -0-26 Joo are veal - fo oblefu natal oo Heep 3 Cie Me order of the ee Chavactax? she eqpal. K-0 ie Bae ro + To obtain value f Coutauban tT OEEe) Wehal Condihon “y °° 2 avdt-o. =) ute) = Cc or OX *to) 2 A= G : Crys x ei @ Smd +he ae vytgponse ob the ea Aeatbed by the d5| ferential equatiow a + 3AM 4 gute) - UW 4 Att) Tae “ae. At with Tuthal towdPGou Y lo)=0 Aye)Nalral wvesponce Tg Obteimed with tuoi lp te) 4 Sota te) +0 ie l 9% oblain choraclrist? c egpatrion sreplau. ag ee of ge a Mg ett © 4 Dy 4H=0 tend kre rook of chorarlatchke eqpotiow . TW 4 By 42-0 arty lmtautr=O 1 Cutt) 4 alwrry=° (oar) Car=° vat 0 a Ti: -) ee Boh the rook are real . fo oblatn aa Yeapoue {n) Ct) = i Creu Po nes J. eetaae® -O Ate) cy eh 4 ie dat -ale Fe clon aan OO apply Suthal Condition me at teC+CL = 0: <0) ty eae a | Simultaneour eqpction Cit Qe -l i halo | response | Nel A+ Determine the nalural weponee for the gustan deserted by the Followsine differential eqprabion ay say = oe vty 42 sl, fo NCE eed Mesaett ce ie ee ee Natural Neaponse of the Syston voli ‘[p-e ayo 4 aye) -0 lk Characteristic eqprolvon is obtained 4 replay i vay =f) ye -4 tote +a rook ane won -repeated aud aaa ang anata nalirral wesponse fe of the form. v sues CQ Cosat +0, Sim2e ME) QC) Stok + Ale Corre akPut a = La @ ( Cy Coc 0 +Cz Sin O ° Pu ae) Poy die Ne alc | emo 2. nakural response qe) Poe Ce eS ee % Forud eee pee G@t u the Solution of di ferent equation fox the ae ‘i[p with Witte Condition eqral to Zaro- Tk dros poo Component 4. a tem vesemloling the nolural reeponce ye g 2.0 porkeulay goluluon 4° we a) 4¢ obkeimed or el she Spl ofp te hove the Same Seat) as tle -at LDL) = ke -at & ates Ae then we amume Peed constant K is Aekermined Ta Suck a way that y Zakicfex the ca differential eqpalion. Ca 4. Delewine the forud ‘response toy the ae sy s dytt) Hoyt) = ace) ott Ip x(t) - duce) dt Soread rveaponse fe due ~b ‘|p ont Sthes ateme A term ‘ve gemlolit mature! ry taponse &- Pasbuslow Solubiowf i toe ress + (ae 1 Fond oye > 6. AYR) ployte) <0 ad Charatliviste Tiou te ollat tng oy eqpalion fe oI med 4 repens > Syit0=0 Te a iE hea oe fos cee sParuular oluGiow Ts of the form of i]p ute) att) = Que) > Constant Ee yPto- K _ SAUL) + lovytt) = Ault) ak sk 410K = a[autt at rau) 6.0 +10K - Zulb) lok - 404) fae aie z+ dered reaponce "o- ie vyiree) ? = (w= Ge + as! 390 find fovud response <- Wwe auume fuilval Condibon are Kuo. qore 2 24td= C4 oy ae 0-a+ale ee -alea. Fuad ae ovud fusponse fy the ey ‘ih by cs. dytt) Ae oy te “te ay QUE) tt ilo att) - af ute) Ww: : w +4P) tated rw - S|p abyse- ot sue) sg) - 0 taplasing ie ta wh we > Srsto-0 Jrose Tak: en eo ata 9. a tp), a. To tind ye) > op tute form of tp. ue ae) = & ult) yPur= Kee , ” ove Bite) #10470) = gutt) at Sie eto eaene emt) - esket aiwker. gem —-SK 10K = Q PRP Cac ng c 1) ee 4" 3 { NFS rye as qe - Ge gee Assume tribal touds hon eae 0-4 Fae uae at| Cow yepresentalton tor dicereG@ time Sul X Differenu eqpal aoe to’ Ace pe qn Samats fo by , ™M N San ynrk) D ibe Uln-k) Keo Ko rolure & Cn) Beet on] 3 dothe syst © nia Tete ofp of the ee Nand M are the order of Ai fever egpalton: Solution of A feree eqpation dhon A Compenra 1. Nalival yeapomee — Op axoctaled with nikal Conditfon . denoted by 4” Cn) Q- the forud vesponte — e}p dur toonty ip denoted eae y ' 49-0) + Natiral yeiponse + - 4 (rn) lp ae SGm ist aro tp ae tame bia veduus to N Dn Ak yor -0. [homogenous diffs ence K-0 equakon | i. Naliral Yesponce ovaielieeretmeen 2 pion Vs of the eee c fem. Sew . 24 holuxe Yi ase the Ni Rook ef chaovactrtsh*e equalion es atNot 1-92 any welt a} See phma then we imclade P Aichmt tem im wnalival Gi bperbe hee mags, Miri ere ne ae ria &- the malare of each berm tm the nahtral reaponce Aepencts onthe Yooke of the characterish’c equation eu vi are veal, - naldral veaponcse Conetct of eXponental terms = rien - Simusotdal terme Bre Complex = *Apomenbally damped Zinuro?dal te tind he mative! a fy dhe systam duckh, Aloed. My ate frtlowing 7 is { )=%tn-1) with | Qi)-4 ae Sols +he fm Syplim is of order Q. tr. Qinthal Condfhon {ference equation * To find naliras YeApomne Xn) = : qo eyes eae) To oblain chavaclive che equation replau genes =O =» is fs \ lo 1* Te Wig > Pr tMvis ly hee ial Y, naltrrat SU pHnG Vs 4 BU tori ta) = Qty 4 ny" = C84 T 4 0 (3/4 trom the eqproluow @} 4s 5 atone) = C84) 4 Co 44)" tae Apply Tel eae qo tye = qt (a1) = Cree oy Caer = =e -@ yet yes) ~ her -3ho 40 > Fn - hee Wu -O G +02 -AlB By t= DL Play = Ab iS ee cue - 8 Ayer + i ~ — tea Ie 3b 3l4c - Hat = Ate Cp = BM - 4% Gh G+ -d444y 7st He ~ 6A 16 \o24 Cr 2 7 B36 Bly cy = 14 ae Weert ca = al ced yA oh, A ‘| Jorn 6 =a Bn2. nativra| repent on) 228 "1 n. 4 tn) 2 (Ph) a a (5) + forest wesponse yen) 2 Th ie a golulion to Bi ere equation for the given Up with Fwiltal Condition at Aue. Pe Lar hoo Component 2 4. ahem vuenbling the nalival Tuponse i” &. poxtfuuler goluluow ihe A Gees Golubior iu ewlained be meen ae aes sp dante Same form ot tlp atm) ee bh K Ad” Ke pcorCanep) bs Cod) + Kr den (2) & Per ce Hace tae oleered potst a ean emcee eee iow loy bifperene aN reg 4 -h yon ol ee 2 a(n) +0(n-1) with “Ie aln) = CYe)“utn) Sot - quer? tn) - Ia gen) + Ye (n-a) 4€m) 4% (1) Fen) = yen) te Pen). io Sted {0 eblatn y"Cn) |Jo oblate chavathytehe eqratuon ee TRY RET Ww 2 te Are jerio cA oe =a Tse Ys. . { Gn) # cy Cvs)" oC, Cyz). §o obtain parhiealoy Potocne x Pe atn)= (Yay un) . . ee = ke)" uta) ee] Fh iw re equation toe drove k CYgy"atu) ~ 74 k (Va) te )-Yg k (Ye). es 2m CMe) utn) + Cie) att) > KC Yaw (Vey Yo CSS Cle"+ Cle) dfuide aa out 4 (Ig) 3% ~ Yak Ce) = Vo eg'/aa aden CYe) K[i-a-9] = 4 kK oc a1 yen - a Cla) 4 ca Ch) ~ CY)” : heals futhal Concih'on ape 4 aeis Complate “Respowse +4 Cu) & ~ total susponse of the Syme the Sun of the nalival Ausponse oct orteal upone, = To delirmtne the Coplatt response soe must take both the Trial Couctition aud i]p tute Consideration , at Find the upon of the Ziptin deetbed by the AS [ference eapation yt) — Yq wtmea) = abut) wit ys ¢ yoke aud aXln)= uth) ee ie uta = Ya (es) = x(n) aie Tee 4 Gaye ioe aren) -K % obletn charactatche equation veplau ene) ora : Loa v7.0 Sie eae at 4. Sec) ecm ecaa! 4 ae CY +o CAS Gime a(ny= atv) oc. paral Solus ss | Abe tam. oy > Kula) huloshhuG Putte an equation Kuln)- Ye K uCn-a) = ulu-t) K-akedK[\- Va] =4. K[%fa]=41. kK: ae\ yon < CWT HECHT Ye App Wwhal Condition ‘oa and naa i wesas| 7 ae -2) +aCn) = ore 40s ( ey Si +e TPs th ai a) 4 ae = “ey cys” +0. (-Y2) + IQ - > 4 4+4]¢ -0 —_O qos ay gato) - 4 (Yao Chy+ Ye Ma th = Yaa- bo +s. Wa = acr- Yaa tds -@ Ia - fs +4e ~l0fq q+ +43- 0 xh. Yc +f +o, 0 a (Is) + [e+ Vaal - > atts) +P] =F G ° ef2j)+ 2224 ay 4 CJ) = !/q- 8a (ls) = = eee o xd CG tGtYg =o 2 CQ = Ae +e een Cpe (0 Oats eG 46 Cet eta 46 ad i 1 Fe gene Ha (hy B BS s My, * Block ae Spree eae or — eS alos prebrtal representation which deotba Aiffevent get of Anlismnal Computation wed to determine the efp ttom tp. Pay ban 1a Te iio att dulps tn Mhe eas of the a al aaa 4. for Micereli — Ame el ee Sy operation : a. Sealav malbipuicalron An) ean qe axtn) b- Addibvon a(n) ZXtn) = xen)ty CH) q : Di tan alo be wort tena3. hme, Sy c oe elemenk ) cuts) ifs yen) = atn-1) a Xn) tg Ea x{n-k) Bist 4A tme aclvance elearente an) zt ey =a(nt) ain) J 7k | > ae = utntk) -A disereG +me Gm Can be realized ty afferent ons hare we will cave 4 type ¥ yelfpalvon Direct 1. Diseet form 4 Be Q. Direkt amr &. Costade dum Pamper eli tare = Divert Bem I will be ie 1 uscd as TEE the advan fovm Divect for “1 #& Pirect boyd - eens Consider a. Saphin ote Spm Junetion ° | >. Lass Hty) = 4) ~ botl. % cael xtt) VA OG task | = Pola rs CFravs{ev funtion) ety) = be xt) 4b, % 20) = ia) pcg eg a a | 1 tees att) 2 Le teate) 4b Pak) enn ee Che eS GS eea Slip Ai Realize the: Zs! 5 Re S- 5 3 ‘a sNy {" +ak eS +ak Hee = wz) woz) = boatz) +b Zatz) +b: Zatz) On Perr w(z):- lohan every we vealige Audie we ie forvoard pal bo (ze \— wt) Skeprs > realigation of pole w(x) - af yl) — ar hye) porion f elp s. We 4 4 @ yo = ae Peed back storms. wz) the vealigation of Zwols and ani Conslofne, alr) Ss © cw ‘a ie Ay 1 RR: “= a piel —> feed tack ward , LOY Rd ewk Sign dow me Pwd j seat Ment Signdeas Pea ere) pene ote emXe Diveck form- eee) nex) < NO) _ botbiZt+tr% = Are xe) (laa tae as" = poles Step 4s Rrotige the pols atx) —-@— oe > 4m) atx) Joth) is delayed by te untte fed block to 7 one block produce wlan) duu wu bbekek ws Contidey the RoW saa ee 18) Dany re 5b att) | K-o Assume Hire ovoler of the a do be MteMed- =2 > mM- Zi aey tnx) - 1 bs 10n-k) Bae K-09 ulu-2) on exparicisn| we have NS boutn) +b aetna) + bs! ao yin) pit ages) Puk aor d tn the alsove eqpation then: o> = Jal Huh =A! “ee -2) +o xtn) + b4%0n4) abs er) (&.) ay ON (3) qe) | ta yur) han dodhe unde delay block . 2b ofp» at) -'[p ts d yolteh fe given os |p tothe neat sae block . - bo, b,, br aru math ple a Sinadlast olp in block ie veprasned *Direct tom - NV SAE a S- EK Suen Th direct form 4d -broo ete Oa, Caitadedt im Covrosponda fo prescut ond 4. Second order Se past ip oa a: pm ee 4o past ofp ne ' atn) \ natn) sta) a Tk tom be Se an —> yt») Nn omen Spin bE ae 0 fhe per formants of Ae fies does not ea f nypate a ea Oe ee Say Cira ae tf? xtn) at atn)50 Draw the dineck form TD ond divect foe tt pee aca | for rhe ap dercrttoed lo 7 - @ ae My ale 4 Cu-2) = atm) +2Cu-\) Sols ptreck® Porm 7 am) pot @- a ee a, Noes Direct form tt tn-2) + «Cn) + Ye xln-t) @ - elev, a ‘ ; creck Horm ft Diruatitform d.- trek 1 42. yee Vy anSS: Be ley Cn-2) = du 4 3xCn-t) yee) > oa ree a +3n4 aateel) Direct form 4: - : ; See Cn) Divect form & 2- at) 5 ae eo Ya Ely : Ye @) yo) = a(n) + Axln-1) + Ya yin2) Divect form 4 :- Yq For Contunow - tHme ee = Ap ene the qn oe of differen equation ts poe dye) Shey duce) ORES eee bx, Z, 5 as 2 at KeoBy juligvaltng the atrove eqration ALhme wegel OD Mt crt-k) K cnt) ( , SM Oey Ue) = Yibe « ) Rao Keo LS Consider oo Geusedy order evan Pex voteebe deeds ay + angi) Be «bs Xlt) +bit Ce) + bo te) : 4 ity tay), Se *L) > 1 ee | e >¢b) > Afold tn { f tt mR) —> im-tehd, twarnl yy : tk f+ Blowk dagen wrepreantation te as prenbelow te)> beats) +b) + bo XU) — Ao q of te) Diabctonnallgi. i Bead We eae Semmes etc. equation , draw direct form? gud direct foril Trapliunaion tov the Gin. dylt + Byte) ~ Salt) ks ae looth Side wegelt - 4) 4 si ~ 30t(t) Divert form 47 ate) Pas “ Divect forrn 2 2- ri vs igo hy) ats ieee | dwofer pm loth Sida wate yt ater Ce) vege) - ate) Ry aaa Sy tr) - “ae adys atic on ae — dor the qtven duuchou we weed de vepreacak te fu. Keys of product Levms> & HCZ) = HiCZ) KHZ) aud cack product kerm %& crepreseu lial au Gams of qT Aivect Bowm D | divect dorm T -%n) ay (3 ie & a 2. uUG)= -14 2 arid 1-20 ee a. yt = 143c 4 ae” I= Yq fg £7 Skep Ve i alee +f denomivaley t2 ate -fez=faein) g 430 4 (-16 de abril gad - hee ale 4 eh (-Yar-Vag") eR tw-24 _ T Cis 2E Ya eH )oo to te -%e Ce) ats) Sate) dann t= Sorts Yer” ke tate) ~ ot Cl o-Bexl) 1-12 ota 0.4 (x40-6)