Meeting Notice - R & D Committee Meeting Scheduled Under The Chairmanship of Additional Secretary (PS&W) On 11.06.2024 At1100 Hrs Through Hybrid Mode

Email Shubham Asrani
Fwd: Meeting Notice - R & D Committee Meeting scheduled under the Chairmanship of Additional Secretary (PS&W) on 11.06.2024 at
1100 hrs through hybrid mode- reg.
From : Ramji Singh <dddw-psw@gov.in> Wed, Jun 05, 2024 02:48 PM

Subject : Fwd: Meeting Notice - R & D Committee Meeting scheduled under the Chairmanship of Additional Secretary 2 attachments
(PS&W) on 11.06.2024 at 1100 hrs through hybrid mode- reg.
To : Shubham Asrani <shubham.asrani@gov.in>
Cc : H N Aswath <daports-psw@gov.in>, Anil Pruthi <dirdw-psw@gov.in>, Swami Nathan
<swami.nathan92@govcontractor.in>
Pl. compile.
(Ramji Singh) / (रामजी सिंह)

Deputy Director (Development Wing) /उप निदेशक (विकास स्कं ध)
Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways
पत्तन, पोत परिवहन और जलमार्ग मंत्रालय
Tele: 011-23711022
From: yvvsnmurthy@imu.ac.in
To: "Ramji Singh" <dddw-psw@gov.in>
Cc: provc@imu.ac.in, "drctr hq" <drctr.hq@imu.ac.in>, "arctr hq" <arctr.hq@imu.ac.in>
Sent: Wednesday, June 5, 2024 2:29:50 PM
Subject: Re: Meeting Notice - R & D Committee Meeting scheduled under the Chairmanship of Additional Secretary (PS&W) on 11.06.2024 at
1100 hrs through hybrid mode- reg.
**The authenticity of this message cannot be vouched for. It may be spoofed. Please treat hyperlinks and attachments in this email with caution**
Respected honorable Mr.Ramji Singh ,Deputy Director (Development Wing) ,Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways
Good Afternoon SIr,

With reference to the above trailing mail and the subject mentioned , I am herewith submitting my PPT incorporating one slide for the mentioned topic(i) Name of the proposal
(ii) Outcome (iii) Benefits
The revised proposal titled "SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS OF DOPED TITANIUM NANO METAL OXIDE ADDITIVES
IN BIO-BASED VEGETABLE GEAR OIL LUBRICANT FOR MARINE APPLICATIONS " is also attached along with PPT for your kind consideration
for the next scheduled meeting dated on 11th June2024 at 11:00hrs
thanking you,
Dr.YVVSN Murthy, M.E(Marine Engg) PhD(Marine Engg) EDP (Maritime Law)

Associate Professor
School of Marine Engineering & Technology
A1 Outstanding CIP 2023 IR Class
Indian Maritime University
Central University
Government of India
Chennai
Mob:9908729258
email:placement.smet@imu.ac.in
yvvsnmurthy@imu.ac.in
On Mon, Jun 3, 2024 at 4:23 PM Ramji Singh <dddw-psw@gov.in> wrote:

Sir/ महोदय,
I am directed to refer trailing mail below on above mentioned subject and to say that one slide on below mentioned topic may also be included
in the revised PPT:
(i) Name of the proposal

(ii) Outcome
(iii) Benefits
2. It is requested that revised proposal along with PPT may be sent to Ministry by 06.06.2024 for taking further necessary action.
With regards,

Tele: 011-23711022
From: "Ramji Singh" <dddw-psw@gov.in>
To: "Sushil Singh" <js-ports@nic.in>, "H N Aswath" <daports-psw@gov.in>, "SIVAPERUMAL" <dir1-psw@gov.in>, "Dr.R.S.Kankara"
<director@cwprs.gov.in>, "Ashutosh Gautam" <mt.iwai@nic.in>, "Ajithkumar Sukumaran" <cs-dgs@nic.in>, "CE DPA"
<ce@deendayalport.gov.in>, "director vizag" <director.vizag@imu.ac.in>, "Dr. Anita Gupta" <anigupta@nic.in>, ramadass@niot.res.in,
ramesh@niot.res.in, "rajesh sharma" <dsfin-psw@gov.in>, "DGLL Noida" <noida-dgll@nic.in>, "SUMAN MUKHOPADHYAY"
<suman.m@kolkataporttrust.gov.in>, "CHE" <che@kolkataporttrust.gov.in>, ce@chennaiport.gov.in, "Chief Mechanical Engineer, MbPA"
<cme@mumbaiport.gov.in>, "Shadab Mahmood Khan" <shadab.mkhan@gov.in>, kmsivakholundu@imu.ac.in, yvvsnmurthy@imu.ac.in,
sheejaj@imu.ac.in, "pramod gupta" <pramod.gupta@ce.iitr.ac.in>, "Praveen K M" <praveen.1814@cwprs.gov.in>, "Mandar MOHAN Vaidya"
<vaidya_mm@cwprs.gov.in>, djsen@civil.iitkgp.ac.in
Cc: "Office of Additional Secretary" <as-psw@gov.in>, "vineet.saini" <vineet.saini@nic.in>, "Anil Pruthi" <dirdw-psw@gov.in>, "MT Section"
<somt@nic.in>, "Swami Nathan" <swami.nathan92@govcontractor.in>, "VijaySinghNegi ASO" <vs.negi@nic.in>, "Subhash Chandra" <vcdelhi-
ship@nic.in>, "m kamsuan" <m.kamsuan@govcontractor.in>, "Shubham Asrani" <shubham.asrani@gov.in>
Sent: Thursday, May 30, 2024 12:11:16 PM
Subject: Meeting Notice - R & D Committee Meeting scheduled under the Chairmanship of Additional Secretary (PS&W) on 11.06.2024 at 1100
hrs through hybrid mode- reg.
I am directed to attach Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways OM dated 30.05.2024 for information and further necessary action.
मुझे पत्‍तन, पोत परिवहन और जलमार्ग मंत्रालय का दिनांक 30.05.2024 का कार्यालय ज्ञापन सूचना और आगे की कार्र वाई के लिए संलग्‍न करने का निदेश हुआ है।
With regards,

Tele: 011-23711022
Minsistry of shipping -Revised 05-06-2024 Project Proposal on Vegetable GEAROIL Lubricant.docx

291 KB
Dr.YVVSN Murthy-IMU-11th June 2024 -presentation.pptx

4 MB
From : Ramji Singh <dddw-psw@gov.in> Mon, Jun 03, 2024 04:21 PM
Subject : Fwd: Meeting Notice - R & D Committee Meeting scheduled under the Chairmanship of Additional Secretary 1 attachment
To : kmsivakholundu@imu.ac.in, yvvsnmurthy@imu.ac.in, sheejaj@imu.ac.in, pramod gupta
<pramod.gupta@ce.iitr.ac.in>, Praveen K M <praveen.1814@cwprs.gov.in>, Mandar MOHAN Vaidya
<vaidya_mm@cwprs.gov.in>, djsen@civil.iitkgp.ac.in
Cc : H N Aswath <daports-psw@gov.in>, Anil Pruthi <dirdw-psw@gov.in>, Swami Nathan
<swami.nathan92@govcontractor.in>, Shubham Asrani <shubham.asrani@gov.in>
I am directed to refer trailing mail below on above mentioned subject and to say that one slide on below mentioned topic may also be included in
the revised PPT:
(i) Name of the proposal

(ii) Outcome
(iii) Benefits
2. It is requested that revised proposal along with PPT may be sent to Ministry by 06.06.2024 for taking further necessary action.
With regards,

Tele: 011-23711022

<director@cwprs.gov.in>, "Ashutosh Gautam" <mt.iwai@nic.in>, "Ajithkumar Sukumaran" <cs-dgs@nic.in>, "CE DPA" <ce@deendayalport.gov.in>,
"director vizag" <director.vizag@imu.ac.in>, "Dr. Anita Gupta" <anigupta@nic.in>, ramadass@niot.res.in, ramesh@niot.res.in, "rajesh sharma"
<dsfin-psw@gov.in>, "DGLL Noida" <noida-dgll@nic.in>, "SUMAN MUKHOPADHYAY" <suman.m@kolkataporttrust.gov.in>, "CHE"
<che@kolkataporttrust.gov.in>, ce@chennaiport.gov.in, "Chief Mechanical Engineer, MbPA" <cme@mumbaiport.gov.in>, "Shadab Mahmood Khan"
<shadab.mkhan@gov.in>, kmsivakholundu@imu.ac.in, yvvsnmurthy@imu.ac.in, sheejaj@imu.ac.in, "pramod gupta" <pramod.gupta@ce.iitr.ac.in>,
"Praveen K M" <praveen.1814@cwprs.gov.in>, "Mandar MOHAN Vaidya" <vaidya_mm@cwprs.gov.in>, djsen@civil.iitkgp.ac.in
Subject: Meeting Notice - R & D Committee Meeting scheduled under the Chairmanship of Additional Secretary (PS&W) on 11.06.2024 at 1100 hrs
through hybrid mode- reg.
With regards,

Tele: 011-23711022
Meeting Notice.pdf
296 KB
From : m kamsuan <m.kamsuan@govcontractor.in> Thu, May 30, 2024 12:58 PM

Subject : Re: Meeting Notice - R & D Committee Meeting scheduled under the Chairmanship of Additional Secretary
To : Ramji Singh <dddw-psw@gov.in>
Cc : Sushil Singh <js-ports@nic.in>, H N Aswath <daports-psw@gov.in>, SIVAPERUMAL <dir1-psw@gov.in>,
Dr.R.S.Kankara <director@cwprs.gov.in>, Ashutosh Gautam <mt.iwai@nic.in>, Ajithkumar Sukumaran <cs-
dgs@nic.in>, CE DPA <ce@deendayalport.gov.in>, director vizag <director.vizag@imu.ac.in>, Dr. Anita
Gupta <anigupta@nic.in>, ramadass@niot.res.in, ramesh@niot.res.in, rajesh sharma <dsfin-psw@gov.in>,
DGLL Noida <noida-dgll@nic.in>, SUMAN MUKHOPADHYAY <suman.m@kolkataporttrust.gov.in>, CHE
<che@kolkataporttrust.gov.in>, ce@chennaiport.gov.in, Chief Mechanical Engineer, MbPA
<cme@mumbaiport.gov.in>, Shadab Mahmood Khan <shadab.mkhan@gov.in>, kmsivakholundu@imu.ac.in,
yvvsnmurthy@imu.ac.in, sheejaj@imu.ac.in, pramod gupta <pramod.gupta@ce.iitr.ac.in>, Praveen K M
<praveen.1814@cwprs.gov.in>, Mandar MOHAN Vaidya <vaidya_mm@cwprs.gov.in>,
djsen@civil.iitkgp.ac.in, Office of Additional Secretary <as-psw@gov.in>, vineet.saini <vineet.saini@nic.in>,
Anil Pruthi <dirdw-psw@gov.in>, MT Section <somt@nic.in>, Swami Nathan
<swami.nathan92@govcontractor.in>, VijaySinghNegi ASO <vs.negi@nic.in>, Subhash Chandra <vcdelhi-
ship@nic.in>, Shubham Asrani <shubham.asrani@gov.in>
Sir/Madam,
Please find the attached VC link given below for the above said meeting.
https://teams.microsoft.com/l/meetup-join/19%3ameeting_NmNiNDEyNTEtYzY4Yy00NTM1LWI5ZjktMTI4MTQyYzM0M2Ri%40thread.v2/0?
context=%7b%22Tid%22%3a%22ab451355-f9bf-410e-8b55-82da9e38dc90%22%2c%22Oid%22%3a%223fd44452-a0c8-43f7-b288-
386a2db63a5c%22%7d
Thanks & Regards,

Michael Kamsuan
Technical Assistant

<director@cwprs.gov.in>, "Ashutosh Gautam" <mt.iwai@nic.in>, "Ajithkumar Sukumaran" <cs-dgs@nic.in>, "CE DPA" <ce@deendayalport.gov.in>,
"director vizag" <director.vizag@imu.ac.in>, "Dr. Anita Gupta" <anigupta@nic.in>, ramadass@niot.res.in, ramesh@niot.res.in, "rajesh sharma"
<dsfin-psw@gov.in>, "DGLL Noida" <noida-dgll@nic.in>, "SUMAN MUKHOPADHYAY" <suman.m@kolkataporttrust.gov.in>, "CHE"
<che@kolkataporttrust.gov.in>, ce@chennaiport.gov.in, "Chief Mechanical Engineer, MbPA" <cme@mumbaiport.gov.in>, "Shadab Mahmood Khan"
<shadab.mkhan@gov.in>, kmsivakholundu@imu.ac.in, yvvsnmurthy@imu.ac.in, sheejaj@imu.ac.in, "pramod gupta" <pramod.gupta@ce.iitr.ac.in>,
"Praveen K M" <praveen.1814@cwprs.gov.in>, "Mandar MOHAN Vaidya" <vaidya_mm@cwprs.gov.in>, djsen@civil.iitkgp.ac.in
Subject: Meeting Notice - R & D Committee Meeting scheduled under the Chairmanship of Additional Secretary (PS&W) on 11.06.2024 at 1100 hrs
through hybrid mode- reg.
With regards,

Tele: 011-23711022
From : Ramji Singh <dddw-psw@gov.in> Thu, May 30, 2024 12:12 PM

Subject : Meeting Notice - R & D Committee Meeting scheduled under the Chairmanship of Additional Secretary 1 attachment
To : Sushil Singh <js-ports@nic.in>, H N Aswath <daports-psw@gov.in>, SIVAPERUMAL <dir1-psw@gov.in>,
Dr.R.S.Kankara <director@cwprs.gov.in>, Ashutosh Gautam <mt.iwai@nic.in>, Ajithkumar Sukumaran <cs-
dgs@nic.in>, CE DPA <ce@deendayalport.gov.in>, director vizag <director.vizag@imu.ac.in>, Dr. Anita
Gupta <anigupta@nic.in>, ramadass@niot.res.in, ramesh@niot.res.in, rajesh sharma <dsfin-psw@gov.in>,
DGLL Noida <noida-dgll@nic.in>, SUMAN MUKHOPADHYAY <suman.m@kolkataporttrust.gov.in>, CHE
<che@kolkataporttrust.gov.in>, ce@chennaiport.gov.in, Chief Mechanical Engineer, MbPA
<cme@mumbaiport.gov.in>, Shadab Mahmood Khan <shadab.mkhan@gov.in>, kmsivakholundu@imu.ac.in,
yvvsnmurthy@imu.ac.in, sheejaj@imu.ac.in, pramod gupta <pramod.gupta@ce.iitr.ac.in>, Praveen K M
<praveen.1814@cwprs.gov.in>, Mandar MOHAN Vaidya <vaidya_mm@cwprs.gov.in>,
djsen@civil.iitkgp.ac.in
Cc : Office of Additional Secretary <as-psw@gov.in>, vineet.saini <vineet.saini@nic.in>, Anil Pruthi <dirdw-
psw@gov.in>, MT Section <somt@nic.in>, Swami Nathan <swami.nathan92@govcontractor.in>,
VijaySinghNegi ASO <vs.negi@nic.in>, Subhash Chandra <vcdelhi-ship@nic.in>, m kamsuan
<m.kamsuan@govcontractor.in>, Shubham Asrani <shubham.asrani@gov.in>
With regards,

Tele: 011-23711022
Meeting Notice.pdf
296 KB
INDIAN MARITIME UNIVERSITY
CHENNAI
Project proposal for
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS OF

DOPED TITANIUM NANO METAL OXIDE ADDITIVES IN BIO-
BASED VEGETABLE GEAR OIL LUBRICANT FOR MARINE
APPLICATIONS
Submitted to
Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways
Government of India
By
Dr.Y.V.V. Satyanarayana Murthy (PI)
Associate Professor
School of Marine Engg and Technology
Chennai Campus
Uthandi -600119
June 2024
1
PROJECT PROPOSAL
FOR CONSIDERATION UNDER
Research Funding (Individual Centric)
PROJECT TITLE
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND
APPLICATIONS OF DOPED TITANIUM NANO METAL
OXIDE ADDITIVES IN BIO-BASED VEGETABLE GEAR
OIL LUBRICANT FOR MARINE APPLICATIONS
_________________________________________________________________________
SUBMITTED BY
Dr.Y.V.V.Satyanarayana
Murthy______________________________________________________________________
___
(Name of Principal Investigator)

SEMMENCHERY CAMPUS
CHENNAI
TAMILNADU
_________________________
(Name and Address of the Organisation)
05-06-2024
__________________________________
(Date of Submission)
2
FORMAT FOR SUBMISSION OF PROPOSAL
FOR SUPPORT
UNDER
Research Funding (Individual Centric)
CONTENTS
S.No ITEMS Page

No(s)
1 Cover Sheet 4
2 Project Summary 7
3 Core Proposal 10
4 Bio-Data of the Principal Investigator/ Co- 33

Principal Investigator
5 Budget Estimates 47
6 Undertaking from the Principal 49

Investigator
7 Endorsement from Head of the Organization 50
3
1. COVER SHEET
1. Project Title:Synthesis, Characterization For office use

and Applications of Doped Titanium Nano File No:
Metal Oxide Additives in Bio-Based
Vegetable Gear Oil Lubricant for Marine
Applications Date of Receipt:
2. Principal Investigator (PI):
Name: Dr.Y.V.V.SatyanarayanaMurthy
Designation: Associate Professor
Address: Indian Maritime University,
Chennai, Semmenchery Campus - 600119
Telephone No: 9908729258
E-mail: yvvsnmurthy@imu.ac.in,
yedithasatyam@gmail.com
Date of birth: 28th April 1974
3. Project Advisor
i)Name: Dr. Rajoo Balaji
Designation: Associate Professor
Address: Director, Indian Maritime University,
Chennai - 600119
Telephone No: 9490798683
E-mail: director.chennai@imu.ac.in
rajoob@imu.ac.in
Telephone No : 9499057422
4. Names and Addresses of Collaborating organizations:
NIL
5. Name and Address of participating Industry (if any)
NIL
4
6. Duration of the Project: 3 years
7. Total Budget for the Project: Rs. 55,72,800/- (Rupees Fifty Five
Lakhs Seventy Two Thousand Eight Hundred only)
8. Project Objectives (In bullet form)
 To synthesize titanium doped nano metal oxides using metal nitrates

 Characterization of synthesized titanium doped metal oxide using
TEM,SEM and particle analyzer
 Physico-Chemical analysis of bio lubricant with nano additives.
 Identification of a bio-lubricant and a surfactant to be used in
conjunction with nano particle additives (gear oil) to improve
Tribological properties (increase in load carrying capacity, reduction in
friction and wear).
 To identify suitable Additive package
 To prepare a biodegradable vegetable gear lubricant to meet the ISO
6743 specifications
 To determine the scar diameter using 4 ball test machine
 Gear oil performance tests using custom built test rigs.
 To conduct vibration analysis for lubricant performance.

 Tribology Study such as changes in TAN, BAN, viscosity and oil analysis
on bio-lubricant gear oil with nano additives.
9. Deliverables (In bullet form)

 Titanium doped nano metal oxides using metal nitrates.
 Suitable surfactant and corresponding nano additive with optimized
particle size, quantity and sonication parameters to achieve a stable
suspension of the nano additives in bio-lubricant.
 Tribological properties of nano based bio-lubricant (gear oil) using 4-
ball test, Oxidation test, Total Acid Number test, Biodegradability test.
 Effect of nano based bio-lubricant on custom built gear test rig using
analytical Ferrography, wear particle analysis, power loss test.
 Suggested formulation of nano particle additives in bio- lubricants.
5
10. Names and Addresses of identified User Agencies
i) Indian Oil Corporation (IOC)
ii) Hindustan Petroleum Corporation (HPCL)
iii) Bharat Petroleum Corporation (BPCL)
11. Names and Addresses of identified other Beneficiaries
i) Marine Industry
ii) Automotive and Agricultural Sector
iii) Manufacturing Industry
iv) Textile Industry
v) Agricultural Industry
12. List of Equipment with Cost: 33.0 lakhs

Other
S.No ITEM IMU Share Agencies’
Share
Total acid number
1 Rs 4.0Lakhs NIL
tester(TAN)
Ball Milling Machine &
2 Rs 5.0Lakhs NIL
Accessories
Ferrography and
3 wear debris particle Rs18.0Lakhs NIL
analyzer
Custom built gear
4 Rs6.0Lakhs NIL
test rig
Total Rs 33.0 Lakhs NIL
6
PROJECT SUMMARY
1. Project Title: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Doped
Titanium Nano Metal Oxide Additives in Bio-Based Vegetable Gear Oil
Lubricant for Marine Applications.
2. Principal Investigator:
(Name, Designation and Affiliation) Dr.Y.V.V.SatyanarayanaMurthy
Designation : Associate Professor
Address : School of Marine Engineering and
Technology
: Indian Maritime University
: Chennai - 600119
3. Collaborating Agencies/Industries
4. Duration:3 YEARS
5. Total Budget for the Project: Rs.55,72,800 (Rupees Fifty

Five Lakhs Seventy Two Thousand Eight Hundred only)
6. Objectives(In bullet form):To synthesize titanium doped nano metal

oxides using metal nitrates
 Characterization of synthesized titanium doped metal oxide using

TEM,SEM and particle analyzer
 To prepare a biodegradable vegetable gear lubricant to meet the IS
specifications.
conjunction with nano particle additives (gear oil)
 To improve Tribological properties (increase in load carrying capacity,
reduction in friction and wear).
 To identify suitable Additive package
 To formulate cost effective vegetable gear oil lubricant.
 To decrease the wear scar diameter with lesser viscosity of the
lubricant
7
 To formulate the safe, reliable and improve sustainability to meet the
environmental standards. Since Marine lubricants are subject to
Seawater, rain, and high humidity to strong forces from wind, waves and
tides, which accelerates the corrosion of especially at port facilities
7. Innovative Elements/Components of the Project:
1. Synthesize and characterization of Titanium doped nano metallic
oxide additives to be used with the bio degradable gear lubricant.
2. Select the most compatible vegetable oil or mixture of oils and
compatibility for doping with surfactants and nano particles
3. Selection of a surfactant to obtain a stable suspension of
nanoparticles in bio lubricants.
4. Selection of suitable additive package to improve the physico-
chemical properties.
5. To identify the most environmentally viscosity modifiers suitable to
marine environment.
6. Determination of the nanoparticle size, quantity (percentage by
weight) and agglomeration rate which would achieve ideal
lubrication.
7. To study load carrying capacity by measuring scar diameter using 4
ball test machine and pinon disc wear test rig.
8. Improvement in the load carrying capacity, friction reduction in
gear oil.
9. Gear oil performance tests using custom built test rig.
10. To conduct vibration analysis for lubricant performance.
11. Tribology Study such as changes in TAN, BAN, viscosity and oil
analysis on bio-lubricant gear oil with nano additives
8. Outcome/ Deliverables and their Expected Impact(In bullet form):
 To synthesize and characterize the Titanium doped nano metal oxide

additives using metal nitrates suitable for vegetable gear oil lubricants
 Tribological properties of nano based bio-lubricant (gear oil) using 4-
ball test, Oxidation test, Total Acid Number test, Biodegradability test.
analytical Ferrography, wear particle analysis, power loss test.
8
 Vibration measurement of gear test rig to test the performance of the
formulate gear oil.
 Formulate a low cost effective and biodegradable vegetable gear oil
lubricants.
9. Target Beneficiaries:
Marine Industry,
Agricultural farm machinery,
Automotive
R&D
10. Brief Technical Details (300 words), giving Justifications for
the Project, the underlying Scientific Basis and the Methodology:
Many developed Countries like Austria, Canada, Japan, Hungary

Poland, USA and European countries etc, are in the process of
regulating the use of mineral oils by proper legislations. The objective
is mainly to control and minimize the use of mineral oils which are
harmful to the environmentally sensitive areas. The U.S. market for all
lubricants is 8,250,000 tons/year and only 25,000 tons/year were
based on vegetable oils. It has been widely recognized that the use of
pure vegetable oils for lubrication of gears has advantages of bio
degradability but has serious shortcomings in Tribological properties.
The properties of such lubricants need to be improved to avoid
damage to the gear components when compared to the use of mineral
oils. However, considering the environmental factors and the
availability of the mineral oils, continuous effort to incorporate
vegetable oils in lubrication was being made. In several studies, the
mixture of mineral oils with vegetable oils has shown to improve the
lubricating properties and reduce the wear of automobile components
to some extent. A wide range of such studies and the pros and cons of
such methods are explained in detail in the literature to be followed.
However, the advent of nanoparticles has opened new vistas in the
field of tribology. In majority of the cases, nanoparticles are mixed
with mineral oils to achieve higher efficiency. But, the mixture of
nanoparticles in pure and mixed vegetable oils has been rarely
reported. The reason for this might be the highly complicated process
of nanoparticle mixing in the lubricant. The effective mixing of
nanoparticles in mineral oils itself has posed difficulties to many of the
researchers. The suspension of nanoparticles in vegetable oils may
turn out to be a significant challenge to overcome. However, from the
limited literature available, a few studied have shown the successful
mixing of nanoparticles with vegetable oil. They even emphasized that
9
the drawbacks of pure vegetable oils can be overcome with the
addition of nanoparticles. The present study aims to achieve a stable
suspension of nano particle additive in bio-lubricants by developing
methods and innovative techniques.The major steps involved in the
study would be:
 Study the effectiveness of the selected bio lubricant using
laboratory tests with Titanium doped nano metal oxides.
 Suggest changes/modifications to the composition of the doped
heterogeneous titanium metallic oxide additives based on test
results.
 Identify suitable surfactants to make a successful nanoparticle bio
lubricant.
 Experimental studies on the successful blending of nanoparticles in
bio lubricants to quantify the effect of nano particle additives.
 Nanoparticle-bio lubricant combinations which achieve stable
dispersion would be listed.
 Oil analysis by wear particle analysis, ferrography and scar
diameter.
 Study of the effect of the lubricant on gear test rig using oil
analysis, vibration techniques
 Increase the wear resistance and load carrying capacity to
withstand highly fluctuating operating temperatures on the onboard
in marine environment.
 To improve the oxidation stability and foam tendency for Marine
applications to withstand under highly humid and hydrolytic
conditions
10
3. CORE PROPOSAL
1. Title of the Project: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of

Doped Titanium Nano Metal Oxide Additives in Bio-Based Vegetable
Gear Oil Lubricant for Marine Applications.
2. Duration:3 Years
3. Names of participating Organizations: Indian Maritime University
4. Objectives of the Proposal(precise and preferably quantified; use Bullet Form)
4.1 Overall Development Objectives:
 To synthesize and characterize the Titanium doped metal oxide

additives.
 To formulate the vegetable gear oil lubricant with suitable
additive package to meet the IS specifications.
 Tribology Study on bio-lubricant gear oil with nano additives.
conjunction with nano particle additives (gear oil) to improve
Tribological properties (increase in load carrying capacity,
reduction in friction and wear).
 To study load carrying capacity by measuring scar diameter using
4 ball test machine
 Gear oil performance tests using custom built test rig, vibration
analyzer.
4.2 Intermediate Objectives(corresponding to each milestone)
MILESTONE-I
 Baseline studies on the bio-lubricant gear oil with suitable additives
and iterating on its development.
MILESTONE-II
 Synthesis of titanium oxide doped metal oxide prepared from metal
nitrates such as Cu, Sn, Al, Co , Ni.
 Identification of suitable surfactant for long time suspension of nano
particles.
 Optimization of Sonication parameters like time, speed etc.
11
 Physico-chemical tests on the Bio-lubricant with nano particle
additives.
 Optimization of nano particle regarding size, quantity.
MILESTONE-III
 Tribology tests (Friction, 4-ball tests)
 Testing of formulated gear oil lubricant in a gear test rig
 Physico-chemical properties of oil after running during test cycle
 To study load carrying capacity by measuring scar diameter using 4
ball test machine
 Vibration measurements on gear test rig for various loads and speeds
MILESTONE-IV
 Gear oil performance in a laboratory based gear loading test rig –
power loss test, weight loss test and roughness measurement and
topologies
MILESTONE-V
 Analysis of test results of gear oil lubricant and documentation of test
results and finally patent filing for lubricants formulation and the test
results.
5. Fulfillment of Technology Qualifiers’ Criteria:

Please tick if the proposal is
based on established R&D outcome/results
conforming to national / international specifications
potentially useful, demand driven and required by other agencies and users √
a development of technology for multiple applications √
an adaptationof existing technology for its applications other than originally
intended
meeting a critical national need ( present/ future ) and strengthening √
technological capabilities for the same
an application of advanced science and technology with a promise of giving √
competitive solutions
6. Critical Review of R,D&E Scenario(include references)identifying

Gaps
Literature on Bio lubricants (with emphasis on Gear oils)

The performance limitations of vegetable-based lubricants stem
from inherent properties of the vegetable oil base stocks rather than
composition of additive package. Base stocks usually comprise more
12
than 90% of the lubricants and nearly entirely predefine properties
such as high biodegradability, low volatility, oxidative stability, deposit
forming tendencies, low temperature solidification, hydrolytic stability,
and viscometric properties. On the other hand, parameters like
lubricity, wear protection, load carrying capacity, corrosion (rust)
prevention, acidity, ash content, color, foaming, de-emulsification and
a number of others are mostly dependent on the additives or
impurities/contaminants [1]. Therefore, when a given fluid is
considered for its suitability as a lubricant, first of all, the base stock
dependent parameters are evaluated. Some of the rapidly
biodegradable lubricants are based on pure, unmodified vegetable oils.
In Europe, predominantly rapeseed oil and sunflower oil are used [2]
chemically, these are esters of glycerin and long-chain fatty acids
(triglycerides). The alcohol component (glycerin) is the same in almost
all vegetable oils. The fatty acid components are plant-specific and
therefore variable. The fatty acids found in natural vegetable oils differ
in chain length and number of double bonds. Besides, functional
groups like hydroxyl groups as in castor oil may be present. Natural
triglycerides are biodegradable and are highly effective lubricants.
However, their thermal, oxidative and hydrolytic stabilities are limited.
Therefore, pure vegetable oils are only used in applications with low
thermal stress. These include total loss applications like mold release
and chain saw oils. Though vegetable oils exhibit excellent lubricity at
low temperatures, they are known to cause increased wear at high
temperatures and under sliding conditions. Olive oil and soybean oil
exhibit high amount of wear when tested at 150ºC above a sliding
speed of 0.4 m/s[3].For vegetable oils, viscosity typically increases
with fatty acid ester chain length and decreases with the amount of
unsaturation in the fatty acid ester alkyl chain. Fasina, et. al. [4]
studied the viscosity-temperature behaviour of 12 vegetable oils and
found them all to exhibit an exponential viscosity increase with
decreasing temperature. Some vegetable oils have a very high
Viscosity Index (VI); for example, 223 for soybean oil vs. 90 to 100 for
most petroleum oils. Restated, the viscosity of a high VI oil changes
less than that of low VI oil for a given temperature change. The oil’s
viscosity does not reduce as much when exposed to high
temperatures, and does not increase as much as petroleum oils when
exposed to cool temperatures. Another important property of
vegetable oils is their high flash/fire points; 610°F (326°C) is the flash
point of soyabean oil compared to a flash point of approximately 392°F
(200°C) for mineral oils.Sukirno et al. [5] developed environmental
friendly palm grease with calcium12-hydroxy-stearate as thickener.
The additive free palm grease has a dropping point of 130°C and a
consistency NLGI Grade 3. In the four ball test, it showed antiwear
performance comparable to food grade mineral oil based grease. This
13
antiwear property was attributed to the presence of epoxy ring ester
groups and hydroxides. On the negative side, vegetable oils in their
natural form lack sufficient oxidative stability for lubricant use.
Chemical modification of vegetable oils and/or the use of antioxidants
can address this problem. Most importantly, vegetable oils are
biodegradable, in general are less toxic, are renewable and reduce
dependency on imported petroleum oils. Chemical modification could
involve partial hydrogenation of the vegetable oil and a shifting of its
fatty acids. Rasberger[6] also noted that the oxidative stability and
sludge forming tendency of additized hydro treated base stocks, with
low aromatic and sulphur content, is clearly superior to that of solvent
refined oils. Oxidation determines the service life of a lubricant.
Oxidation resistance and operating temperature will measure the
oxidation resistance of the oil .certain metals increased the oxidation.
The rate of oxidation can be reduce with the presence of anti-oxidants
either natural or additives [7]. One or more anti-oxidant was added to
the selected vegetable oils at recommended level from supplier.
Metallic sulphur–phosphorus additives such as Zinc dialkyldithio
phosphates (ZDDPs or ZnDTPs) are the best known and most widely
used antiwear additives in engine oils, transmission fluids, and
hydraulic oils [8].The presence of unsaturation in triacylglycerol
molecule due to C=C from oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid moeties
functions as the active sites for various oxidation reactions. Saturated
fatty acids have relatively high oxidation stability. Soybean oil has
more poly-unsaturation (more C18:2 and C18:3) as compared to
canola and rapeseed oil. Therefore, SBO needs chemical modification
to reduce unsaturation in triacylglycerol molecule and suitable
additives to bring its performance equal to or better than other
commercial vegetable oils. More than 90% of chemical modifications
have been those occurring at the fatty acid carboxyl groups, while less
than 10% have involved reactions at fatty acid hydrocarbon chain [9].
Chemical modifications of vegetable oils for them to be used as
lubricant base oils without sacrificing favourable viscosity–temperature
characteristics and lubricity can be classified into two groups: reactions
on the hydrocarbon chain and reaction on the carboxyl group.
Tanasescu et al. [21]studied the influence of antiwear agents
Zn-DDP, EP additive, sulphurized poly butenes and pour point
depressant, anti-foaming additive in a mixture of soyabean and castor
oils. They found that these additives performed better in mineral oils
rather than vegetable oils and suggested a combination of vegetable
and mineral oil mixtures of vegetable and synthetic oil mixtures to
satisfy the required quality of industrial gear oils. They also studied
[22] increasing the oxidation stability of vegetable oils by catalytic
hydrogenation. Sharma et al. [23] performed tribological evaluation of
chemically modified vegetable oils by incorporation of sulphur through
14
reaction of thiols with EP oxidized vegetable oils, thus removing poly
unsaturation and adding more polar functional groups. The results
indicate an improved absorption on metal surface resulting in reduced
wear and friction coefficient.Gunam et al. [24] optimized the yields of
Jathropha oil. On transesterification with TMP, this product behaves as
an excellent lubricant.Krzan et al. [25] evaluated vegetable based oils
for application as universal tractor transmission oil. The test oils were
evaluated using SRV high frequency test device, four-ball test rig and
FZG spur gear test rig. The results show that the gear protection
properties of vegetable oil are equal to or better than mineral based
universal tractor transmission oil during short test times.
Effect of Nano Particle Additives

Additives are added to base oil to improve properties and to
increase the application. In recent years after the discovery of nano
particles a whole range of nano sized additives are available to study
and improve the properties of oil. Many reports published in literature
mention improvement in tribological properties namely reduction in
friction, wear and increase in load carrying capacity. Most published
studies are on the effect of nano particle additives in mineral oils.
Nanoparticles generally being used:
The nano particles studied so far fall under the following
categories:
 Metals - Cu, Ni, Pb, Al-Sn, Ag
 Metal Oxides - TiO2, Fe2O3, ZnO, ZrO2,
 Suphides - MoS, PbS, ZnS, Cus
 Rare earths - Laf3, CeF3
 Others: Borides – Titanium Borate, Lanthanum borate, Aluminum
Borate, Magnesium Borate, Carbon – SWNT, MWNT and VPGNT
Most of the nano particles have been studied along with base
lubricating oils. Studies with specific applications to gear oils are
limited in literature. There have been several studies reported from
NASA [10, 11] on carbon Nano additives in lubricants for space
applications. They studied carbon nano onions, SWNT and MWNT in
Kryotx 143 AB lubricating oil (a perfluorinated polyether – PFPE,
DuPont). The key results are as follows:
1. Carbon Nano with Krytox 143 AB tested in a Spiral Orbit
Tribometer (developed to simulate an angular contact ball bearing
providing a mean Hertz stress of 1.5GPa) show a very significant
improvement in Coefficient of Friction (reduces to 0.05 from 0.13) and
life time (wear life) in air. They do not show any improvement in
vacuum. These can be used as a solid additive in grease replacing
several commercial additives such as MoS2.
15
2. Solid Carbon MWNT (both aligned and dispersed) films were
studied on a pin on disk tribometer in air and vacuum. The studies
show a significant improvement in coefficient of friction both in air
(0.05) and in vacuum (0.009). The wear life also shows a significant
improvement both in air and vacuum. They also reported that
dispersed MWNT’s were better than aligned ones.
3. Solid Carbon SWNT films were studied on a pin-on disk
tribometer in air and show a significant improvement in coefficient of
friction in air (0.002 to 0.07) depending upon the type of chemical
treatment of the nanotube. The wear life also shows a significant
improvement.
Joly-Pottuzet. al. [12] studied carbon nano onions as lubricant
additives dispersed in poly-alpha-olefin base oil. They reported an
improvement in wear under boundary lubrication which is better than
graphite powder. They also reported a better dispersion with carbon
nano onions. The authors [13] also considered carbon nano onions as
additives in lubrication and found significant reduction in both friction
and wear. Peng et al. [14] studied the dispersion of ZnO and TiO2
nanoparticles in lubricating oil. They observed an improvement in anti
friction and anti wear properties of lubricating oil and suggested a
formation of a protective harder film on metal surface or diffuse into
base metal. This protective film hardly shears. Lin et al. [15] studied
chemically modified graphene platelets dispersed in lubricating oil by
means of a four ball tester. They reported an improvement in wear
resistance and load carrying capacity and suggested that the possible
reason for the improvement to be a formation of a thin laminated
structure which makes it possible for the graphene platelets to enter
the contact area, thus preventing direct contact between surfaces in
relative motion.Yu et al. [16] studied the wear and friction properties
of modified Cu nanoparticles in lubricating oil using a four ball tester
by considering the effect of temperature variation. They found an
improvement in lubricating properties of oil. They also observed the
melting of Cu nanoparticles due to local high temperature and
pressure during contact of the surfaces resulting in the formation of a
protective film which in turn reduced wear.Suslov et al. [17, 18]
studied modified hydrocarbon soluble MoS3 nanoparticles in and
observed excellent friction modifying and anti-scuffing
activity.Rosentsveig et al. [19] studied the addition of fullerene
nanoparticles to synthetic oils (poly alphaolefin). They observed a
significant improvement in friction and wear behavior. Lee et al. [20]
studied the effect of fullerene nanoparticles in mineral oil using disk-
on-disk type tester with a closed chamber provision of refrigerant gas
(R-22) and found an improvement tribological properties such as
friction coefficient and friction surface temperature. They also analyzed
the friction surfaces using SEM and AFM and found that the volume
16
fraction of fullerene nano-particles was a key factor in the control of
tribological properties.Zak et.al.[26]have observed excellent
improvement in properties of gear oils after addition of nano IF
tungsten disulphide. These are semi-spherical particles and have
shown excellent improvement in coefficient of friction, reduction in
wear and increased load bearing capacity. The underlying mechanism
is due to formation of a tenacious tribo film created from the exfoliated
shells of the IF multi walled nano spheres.Xun Fu [27]studied impact
of micro sized MoS2 spheres and observed a reduction in co-efficient of
friction. They also report an improvement in extreme-pressure and
anti-wear property.
From these studies we conclude that there is a great scope to
study the nano additives in commercial transmission gear oils to
improve the friction reduction property, anti-wear property and
increase in load carrying property. There are a few other benefits
namely of improving thermal and electrical conductivity
Suitability of nano particles in oils:
1. Copper (Cu): The use reported in Rock drill bit (application
patent). This has also been studied for Automotive Lubricant.
2. Laf3, CeF3: Reported in literature. Not widely available.
3. Titanium dioxide (TiO2): Used in oils and Titanium Complex
grease resulted in good anti friction and antiwear properties.
Extensively studied for automotive applications
4. Carbon family Graphite, Carbon nano particles: Widely reported
in literature to improve the friction, wear and heat transfer properties.
5. Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2): A few companies sell the
nano additives and also the oil, grease with these additives
6. Inorganic Fullerene like Tungsten disulphide: Used in gear oil
with significant improvement in performance.
6.1 National Status Review
India imports more than 50% of its requirements of vegetable

oils from various countries. Therefore there exists severe scarcity of
vegetable oils as raw materials for the preparation of bio lubricants.
On the other hand, due to its tropical climatic conditions and vast
terrain region, India has more than 100 types of trees yielding oil
which are yet to be explored. The tree borne oils can be exploited for
the preparation of bio lubricants. It is, therefore proposed to study the
suitability of oils like jatropa, castor and other minor oils for bio
lubricant preparation for gear and automotive applications by
modification. The commercial automotive segment represents chemical
about 53% of total lubricant market followed by industrial segment at
17
34% and consumer automotive segment 13%. So, the automotive
industry occupies a major role in Indian economy. Thus there is
urgent need to develop vegetable oil based lubricant base stocks to
replace the mineral oil based lubricants. In the present study different
chemical modifications like epoxidation, hydroxylation, esterification
will be carried out on selected vegetable oils to further obtain the low
temperature, high oxidation and thermal stability properties. Another
approach will be oligomerization followed by esterification using
different alcohols.
When it comes to gear oils (more details given in international
studies section), the following work can be cited:
1. R.P.S.Bisht[28] studied the limitations of sulphurisation of three
triglyceride oils (karanja, rapeseed, and castor oils) and liquid wax
(jojoba) has been investigated in detail in order to examine the
potential of sulphurized vegetable oils for use as extreme-pressure
(EP) additives for developing formulations for industrial gear oils.
Typically, gear oil formulations consist of approximately 95 – 99.5%
base oil plus 0.5 – 5 % additives.
2. Additives can be used to ‘boost’ the inherent properties of base
stocks. Addition of SP causes significant reduction in pour point. Inter-
esterification of coconut oil with other vegetable oils was not found to
be effective. Chemical modification by acid catalyzed condensation
reaction with coconut oil, castor oil mixture resulted in significant
reduction of pour point [29].
3. Polymethylacrylate & Styrenated phenol were added separately
in coconut oil and cloud and pour points were determined (by Kumar
et al.). Addition of these two additives reduced the pour point
temperature from 24°C to 12°C. But Styrenated phenol performed
better than polymethylacrylate[30].
4. Arumugam et al. [31] studied the effect of various biodiesel
lubricant blends on friction and wear characteristics of diesel engine
cylinder-piston ring combinations and compared them to the effect of
synthetic lubricants. Pin-on-disk apparatus was used for studying
friction and wear and the lubricants tested were i) diesel-contaminated
rapeseed oil-based bio-lubricant ii) diesel-contaminated commercial
synthetic lubrication oil (SAE 20W40) iii) biodiesel-contaminated
commercial synthetic lubrication oil and iv) used (150h) commercial
synthetic lubrication oil (SAE 20W40). The bio-lubricant showed the
best friction and wear performance while diesel contaminated lubricant
performed worst.
18
6.2 International Status Review
RSC Bio Solutions and Standard Sekiyu Osaka Hatsubaisho Co., Ltd
(SSOH) in December 2021 announced a new partner in Japan for
effective distribution of Marine Lubricants which are
environmentally acceptable. In October 2021, Neste a well known
oil refiner ventured in to the bio-lubricants prepared from
restaurant waste oils. Chevron Corporation in 2021 has announced
Clarity Synthetic EA hydraulic oil which is a bio-based lubricants.
The objective of this product is mainly to meet the growing demand
for eco-friendly lubricants in the market. In the year 2020 an
acquisition has taken by Dutch Schell Plc from U.S.A. based
biodegradable lubricant manufacturer “Environmental Lubricants
Manufacturing (ELM)”. This acquisition is mainly aimed to
strengthening the Shell company Market in the industry. The bio
lubricants market share is expected to reach USD 4.2 Billion from
2.5 billion USD from the year 2022 to 2032 with annual growth of
6.9% as estimated by CAGR.
Ref: Report Id : RND_001193
Studies involving the use of bio based lubricants as engine oils or as

additives in engine oils have been performed at the international
level. A few of them are listed and explained below.
1. Study of physical and chemical of pure and blended vegetable

oils as base lubricants
In a study by Marotrao[32], palm oil, soybean oil, mustered oil
and sunflower oil were tested in different combinations with each
other. The properties studied were viscosity at different temperatures
19
and acid value of the blends. It was found that palm oil and their
blends with soybean oil are more stable against rancidity than the
other vegetable oil. For the stability against oxidation and melting
point, palm oil and their blends with soybean oil were found to be
better. Palm oil and their blends with soybean oil showed higher
viscosity than other blends of vegetable oils. Due to higher viscosity of
blends of palm oil with soybean oil at higher temperature as well as
lower temperature, blends of palm oil with soybean oil act as better a
lubricant due to its higher stability against oxidation and melting point.
Palm oil and their blends with soybean oil show lower acid value than
other vegetable oils. Lower the acid value reduces corrosion of metal.
Thus, palm oil blenders with soybean oil are better choice as
lubricating oil.
2. Tribological testing of pure and blended rapeseed oil as
lubricants (in laboratory using four ball testing)
(Additives: Odorless sulfurized fatty acids, sulfurized octadecanoic
acid (SOA) and sulfurized docosanoic acid (SDA))
In one such study, Cao et al. [33], the load-carrying capacities
of the rapeseed oil with or without additives were evaluated on a Seta-
Shell four-ball machine. Odorless sulfurized fatty acids, sulfurized
octadecanoic acid (SOA) and sulfurized docosanoic acid (SDA) were
used as additives. Both SOA and SDA as additives in rapeseed oil show
excellent load-carrying capacity, good friction reducing and antiwear
behavior.
3. Tribological testing of pure and blended soya bean oil as
lubricants (in laboratory using oxidation and four ball testing)
(Basestocks: Refined soybean oil (SBO), high-oleic soybean oil
(HOSO) and epoxidized soybean oil (ESO))
This study by Castro et al. ([34]) compared the effects of oils
with different chemical compositions. Soybean oil, high-oleic soybean
oil, and epoxidized soybean oil were compared in laboratory bench
tests (four ball tests and micro-oxidation tests). These tests revealed
the formation of oxygenated structures such as peroxy acids, esters,
and ketones during the oxidation of vegetable oils. In wear tests,
HOSO showed the best anti wear performance, with a total delta wear
value of 0.236 mm, whereas ESO gave the highest total delta wear
value, 0.407 mm. In friction tests, ESO showed a lower friction
coefficient compared with HOSO and SBO.
4. Performance evaluation of epoxidized rapeseed oil as a bio
lubricant in a laboratory setup (four ball tests and rotary
oxygen bomb test)
In another study , Wu et al. [35], epoxidized rapeseed oil has
superior oxidative stability compared to rapeseed oil based on the
results of both oven tests and rotary oxygen bomb tests. Moreover,
the oxidative stability can be dramatically promoted by the addition of
20
a package of antioxidants. The epoxidized rapeseed oil has better
friction-reducing and extreme pressure abilities according to
tribological investigations.
5. Performance evaluation of pure and blended rapeseed oil as
lubricant (using Optimol SRV reciprocating friction and wear
tester on Magnesium alloys)
(Additive: S-containing additive (from sulphur compounds))
In another study, the friction and wear behaviors of magnesium
alloy against steel were tested on an Optimol SRV reciprocating friction
and wear tester lubricated with neat rapeseed oil and SRO (sulfuration
modified rapeseed oil) by Fang et al. [36]. The results indicate that the
friction and wear of the magnesium alloy−steel tribomates could be
effectively reduced by formulating SRO into rapeseed oil lubricant. The
friction coefficients and the wear volumes of magnesium alloy
decrease with increasing contents of SRO. The surface lubricated with
SRO doped rapeseed oil was characterized by less wear as compared
with that lubricated with neat rapeseed oil. The enhanced antiwear and
friction reducing abilities of rapeseed oil by SRO in the lubrication of
magnesium alloy against steel were ascribed to the formation of a
composite boundary lubrication film due to the strong adsorption of
SRO and rapeseed oil onto the lubricated surfaces and their tribo
chemical reactions with magnesium alloy.
6. Performance evaluation of blended rapeseed oil as lubricant
(using four ball testing)
(Additive: Benzothiazoline derivative)
When a Benzothiazoline derivative was used as an additive to
commercial rapeseed oil by Xiaojun et al. [37], four-ball tribological
tests showed that the addition of a definite concentration of this
additive to rapeseed oil could effectively increase both the load-
carrying capacity, resistance to wear, and friction-reducing abilities of
the oil.
7. Blended palm oil as additive to mineral oil based lubricant
(using four ball testing)
In a study by Dayou et al. [38], the effectiveness of POME
(palm-oil methyl ester) as lubricant additive to mineral oil in a milling
operation was tested. The results showed shorter running-in period,
lower steady-state friction coefficient and degree of adhesion, and
higher weld load. The presence of POME enhanced the effectiveness of
the mineral oil in suppressing coating delamination and delaying the
occurrence of cracking and fracture on the flank face of the tool during
milling of stavax (modified 420 stainless steel).
In another study [39], the effects of mechanical factors viz.
applied load and temperature on the tribological performance of 5%
palm oil methyl ester (POME)blended lubricant were studied using a
steel–cast iron pair (not inside an engine). Results showed that at
21
lower loads (up to 500 N) and temperatures (up to 100°C), the wear
rates under 5% POME lubricant are lower, whereas at higher loads and
temperatures, the wear rates are higher. The friction behavior of POME
as an additive in commercial lubricant indicates the prevalence of the
boundary lubrication regime. The viscosity test results showed that 5%
POME can improve the viscosity index (VI). However, in this
investigation, corrosive wear and pits on the damaged surface are the
dominant wear mode at higher temperature.
 Nanoparticle additives in lubricants

The addition of nanoparticles to lubricants has shown to alter the
performance of the oils. The mechanisms of friction-reduction and
anti-wear of nanoparticles dispersed in a lubricant have been reported
as producing a colloidal effect, a rolling effect, and a protective film.
The colloidal effect is said to have resulted from nanoparticles
penetrating elasto hydrodynamic contacts or by providing
hydrodynamic conditions of lubrication [40]. A few of the studies
showing the effect of nanoparticles in general (in both mineral based
and bio based lubricants and in all other applications) are listed below.
1. Nanoparticle additives to SAE30 motor oil (in a friction test)
(Additive: Copper based nanoparticles: Cu(CO2), Cu(Ar), Cu(N2),
Cu(Ar+O2))
Tarasov et al. [41] produced copper nanoparticles using EEW
process and mixed them in SAE30 motor oil in various compositions
(0.3% wt and 0.6% wt). They studied the effect of friction and wear
on carbon steel plates rubbed against rollers at different speeds and
loads. It has been found that the addition of nanoparticles does not
inhibit the lubrication properties of the motor oil and that the
nanoparticles worked most efficiently at higher loads and speed.
2. Tribological properties of lubricant with nanoparticle additives
(in friction and wear tests)
(Additive: Calcium borate nanoparticles)
Hao et al. [42] described the development of a novel technology
for the dispersion of calcium borate nanoparticles in lubricant
containing MVIS 250 base oil and studied the anti-wear properties
using a MR-S10 four ball tester. They showed that oils containing
nanoparticles made by novel process possess better antiwear and
friction-reducing properties than those made under traditional process.
The reason for this is due to both the depositions and tribo chemical
reaction products which comprise B2O3, FeB, Fe2O3 and CaO that form
a wear resistance and lead to excellent Tribological properties of the
nanoparticles in base oil.
3. Nanoparticle additives in soybean oil base lubricant (in MQL
grinding)
(Additive: MoS2)
22
In the study of soybean oil, the addition of nano MoS 2 particles
as additive to soybean oil has shown to reduce coefficient of friction
(COF) in a minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) grinding process [43].
Compared to flood lubrication with pure soybean oil, the MQL with the
nano lubricant showed a 25% reduction in COF values; compared to
pure soybean oil MQL, nano lubricant additives further reduced the
COF by 10%.
Several studies have been published where in a dispersion of
nano particles in base mineral oil lubricants has resulted in significant
improvement of Tribological properties. Of specific interest in this
project are nano additives of Tungsten disulphide, Molybdenum
disulphide and Carbon. The addition of these particles to bio lubricants
(with additives) in vegetable oils has rarely been reported. Nor has the
interaction effects been extensively studied.
Surfactants
Suitable surfactants need to be selected for the dispersion of
nanoparticles in vegetable oils. Studies showing the effect of
surfactants exist. These studies form the basis for the selection of a
surfactant-nanoparticle combination.
In a study by Kumar[44], the interaction of charged (anionic)
silica nanoparticles with ionic and nonionic surfactants was studied.
The surfactants used are SDS (anionic) and DTAB (cationic) and C 12D10
(nonionic). For same charged surfactant (SDS), the dispersion is
stable. But with oppositely charged surfactant (DTAB), aggregation of
nanoparticles took place. For non-ionic surfactants, they are absorbed
on to the nanoparticle surface. Newton et al. [45] reported that
Platinum nanoparticles have been successfully prepared in aqueous
dispersion using C14TAB, C16TAB and NP9. In general, cetrimonium
bromide andlecithin are used as surfactants for nanoparticles as
reported by Krajnik et al. [46]. Dispersions were prepared by mixing
hybrid MoS2 additive and base oil. Considering the severe challenge of
deagglomeration with respect to nanoparticles, an emulsifier (lecithin)
was added to nMoS2 additive (additive: emulsifier, 1:2) before adding
to base oil[47].
Patents
Several patents have been granted covering the development of
nano particle based greases, enhancing the thermal properties of fluids
using graphite and carbon and carbon nano particle dispersed
lubricants. A number of patented studies claim the successful
suspension of nanoparticles in vegetable based oils. Some of them are
mentioned below.
1. Hong et al. [48]claims that an anionic surfactant which is a sulfonate,
a. sulfosuccinate or a sulfosuccinamate (dioctyl sulfosuccinate,
bistridecyl sulfosuccinate or a di (1,3-di-methybutyl) sulfosuccinate)
23
surfactant or a combination thereof can be successfully used with
nanoparticles selected from a group consisting of diamond
nanoparticles, graphite nanoparticles, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes
and combinations thereof. These surfactants are suggested to be used
with mineral oils, greases and vegetable oils and combinations thereof.
2. Zhamu et al. [49]claimed (patented) the use of same surfactants for
synthetic petroleum oils, petroleum distillates, greases, vegetable oils,
oil soluble polymer compositions mixed with nanographene platelets.
3. Pettersen[50]gives a method to make a lubricant composition
comprising of soyabean oil and MoS2 nanoparticles. However, the
mixing was performed in the presence of a powerful magnetic field
which reduced the importance of surfactant. He mentions that a
variety of surfactants, namely, anionic surfactants, cationic
surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, or a
combination comprising atleast one of them may be used.
4. Haipinget al. [51] claimed the manufacture of a stable nano fluid
comprising a hydrophobic thermal transfer fluid dispersed with carbon
nanotubes. The fluid may be an organic or mineral oil based or a
combination of the two. Though they mentioned many different
surfactants, they state that AEROSOL® OT-MSO and TR-75%, both of
which are sulfosuccinate surfactants, are the most effective
dispersants.
5. Lockwood [52] claims the manufacture of a nano lubricant using base
oil that is selected from a group consisting of mineral base oils,
synthetic base oils and base oils derived from biological materials. At
least one dispersant needs to be a mixture of nonionic and ionic
surfactants and at least one dispersant needs to be an ash less
polymeric surfactant and at least one surfactant needs to comprise a
surfactant with HLB (hydrophilelipophile balance) value less than 8.
The nanoparticles used are carbon nano plates.
Though studies which claimed to have mixed nanoparticles with
vegetable oils exist, the surfactants were not reported. In a thesis by
Carlson[53], nano additives NanoGlide1, NanoGlide2 and NanoGlide3
were mixed with three different lubricant base fluids (Metal Working
Fluid (MWF), vegetable oil, and a water based emulsion).However,
sonication parameters and surfactants were not mentioned. They
showed that the addition of nanoparticles has lowered the mean COF
(coefficient of friction) values, but wear studies were in conclusive.
Hao et al.[42]Showed a novel way to disperse nanoparticles into the
base oil. However, they did not mention vegetable oil as the base oil.
Kanaganagasabhapati et al. [54]mentions that Cu nanoparticles
disperse better in vegetable oils. However, mixing details are not
given.
24
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pp.277-282, 2000.
2. Wagner, H., R. Luther, and T. Mang, "Lubricant Base Fluids Based on Renewable Raw Materials;
Their Catalytic Manufacture and Modification", Appl. Catal.A: Gen., 221, pp.429–442, 2001.
3. Choi, U.S., Ahn, B. G., Kwon, O. K., Chun, Y. J., "Tribological Behavior of Some Antiwear Additives
in Vegetable Oils", Tribol. Int., 30(9), pp.677-683, 1997.
4. Fasina, O.O., Colley, Z., "Viscosity and specific heat of vegetable oils as a function of
temperature: 35°C to 180°C", International Journal of Food Properties, 11, pp.738-746, 2008.
5. Sukirno, et al., "Anti-wear properties of bio-grease from modified palm oil and calcium soap
thickener", Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal, 12(2), 2010.
6. Mortier, R.M. and S.T. Orszulik, Oxidative Degradation and Stabilization of Mineral Oil Based
Lubricants, in Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants, M. Rasberger, Editor. 1992, VCH
Publishers Inc., New York: New York. p. 98-142.
7. Lansdown, A.R., Lubrication and Lubricant Selection, ed. U. London and Bury St Edmunds. 2004:
Professional Engineering Publishing.
8. Wilk, M.A., W.D. Abraham, and B.R. Dohner, "An investigation into the effect of zinc
dithiophoshpate on ASTM sequence VIA fuel economy", SAE, 961, 1996.
9. Richtler, H.J., Knaut, J.,, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 61(160), 1984.
10. Street, K.W., Evaluation of the Tribological behavior of Krytox 143AB with Nano-Onions, NASA,
Editor. 2003.
11. Street, K.W., Application of carbon based Nano-Materials to Aeronautics and Space Lubrication,
NASA, Editor. 2007.
12. Joly-Pottuz , L., "Ultra Low friction and wear properties of IF-Ws2 under boundary lubrication",
Tribology Letters, 18, pp.477-485, 2005.
13. Joly-Pottuz, L., Bucholz, E. W., Matsumoto, N., "Friction Properties of Carbon Nano-Onions from
Experiment and Computer Simulations", Tribology Letters, 37, pp.75-81, 2010.
14. Peng, Z.F., et al., "Effect on Antifriction and Antiwear Properties of Lubricating Oil (L-HM46)
Added Nano-ZnO and Nano-TiO2", Scientific Conference Proceedings, 1, pp.308-310, 2009.
15. Lin, J., L. Wang, and G. Chen, "Modification of Graphene Platelets and their Tribological
Properties as a Lubricant Additive", Tribology Letters, 41, pp.209-215, 2011.
16. Yu, H.-l., Y. Xu, and Q. Liu, "Tribological properties and lubricating mechanisms of Cu
nanoparticles in lubricant", Trans. Non Ferrous Met. Soc. China, 18, pp.636-641, 2008.
17. Bokarev, D.A., Bakunin, V. N., Kuzmina, G. N., Parengo, O. P., "Highly Effective Friction Modifiers
from Nano-sized Materials", Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, 43(4), pp.305-310,
2007.
18. Suslov, A.Y., V.N. Bakunin, and G.N. Kazmina, "Surface capped molybdenum sulphide
nanoparticles- novel type of lubricant additive", Lubrication science, 16(3), pp.207-214, 2004.
19. Rosentsveig, R., Gorodnev, A., Feuerstein, N., "Fullerene like MoS2 nanoparticles and their
tribological behavior", Tribology Letters, 36, pp.175-182, 2009.
20. Lee, J., S. Cho, and Y. Hwang, "Enhancement of Lubrication properties of Nano-oil by controlling
the amount of Fullerene Nanoparticle Additives", Tribology Letters, 28, pp.203-208, 2007.
21. Tanasescu, C., Petre, D., Bogatu, L., Industrial gear oils from regenerable feed stocks, in 10th
International Conference on Tribology. 2007: Romania.
22. Tanasescu, C., Petre, D., Bogatu, L., Increasing the Oxidation Stability of Vegetable Oil by
Catalytic Hydrogenation for Application in Lubrication, in 10th International Conference of
Tribology (SERBIATRIB'07). 2007.
25
23. Sharma, B., Adhvaryu, A., Erhan, S.Z., "Friction and wear behavior of thioether hydroxy
vegetable oil", Tribology International, 42, pp.353-358, 2009.
24. Gunam Resul, M.F.M., Mohd. Ghazi, T.I., Muhammad Shyam, A. Synthesis of Biodegradable
Lubricant from Jathropha oil with high content of free fatty acids. in AICHE. 2008.
25. Krzan, B., Vizintin, J., "Tribological properties of an environmentally adopted universal tractor
transmission oil based on vegetable oil", Tribology International, 36, pp.827-833, 2003.
26. Zak, A., M. Fleisher, and M. Zarbuv (2009) Nano Materials for Gear Lubrication Solutions.
Gearsolutions.com Volume, 30-36
27. Fu, X., "Investigation of the Tribological properties of surfactant modified MoS2 microsized
spheres in base oil 500SN", Trans ASME Journal of Tribology, pp.913-919, 2007.
28. Bisht, R.P.S. and V.K. Bhatia, "Sulphurised vegetable oils as EP additives for industrial gear oil
formulations", Journal of Synthetic Lubrication, 14(1), pp.23-33, 1997.
29. Anand, O.N., Singh, A. K., Kumar, Vijay., Bisht, R. P. S., Antifriction, Antiwear and Lad Carrying
Characteristics of Environmental Friendly Additve Formulation, in International Conference on
Industrial Tribology. 2004: Mumbai.
30. Kumar, G.A., Analysis, modification and evaluation of the cold flow properties of vegetable oil as
base fuel for industrial lubricants. 2009, Cochin University of Science and Technology: Cochin,
India.
31. Arumugam, S., Sriram, G., "Effect of Bio-Lubricant and Biodiesel-Contaminated Lubricant on
Tribological Behavior of Cylinder Liner–Piston Ring Combination", Tribology Transactions, 55(4),
pp.438-445, 2012.
32. Marotrao, T., "Physiochemical properties of oil blend and their effects on lubrication
properties", International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies, 1(III), pp.35-
38, 2012.
33. Cao, Y., L. Yu, and W. Liu, "Study of the tribological behavior of sulfurized fatty acids as additives
in rapeseed oil", Wear, 244, pp.126-131, 2000.
34. Castro, W., et al., "A Study of the Oxidation and Wear Properties of Vegetable Oils: Soybean Oil
Without Additives", JAOCS, 83(1), pp.47-52, 2006.
35. Wu, X., et al., "The Study of Epoxidized Rapeseed Oil Used as a Potential Biodegradable
Lubricant", JAOCS, 77(5), 2000.
36. Fang, J., et al., "Friction and wear performances of magnesium alloy against steel under
lubrication of rapeseed oil with S-containing additive", Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 21,
pp.2649-2653, 2011.
37. Xiaojun, Z., et al., "Tribological Behavior of Benzothiazoline Derivative as Additive in Rapeseed
Oil", China Petroleum Processing and Petrochemical Technology, 14(1), pp.56-60, 2012.
38. Dayou, S., et al., " Evaluation of palm oil methyl ester as lubricant additive using milling and
four-ball tests ", International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (IJMME), 6(3),
pp.374-379, 2011.
39. Maleque, M.A., H.H. Masjuki, and A.S.M.A. Haseeb, "Effect of mechanical factors on tribological
properties of palm oil methyl ester blended lubricant", Wear, 239, pp.117-125, 2000.
40. Wu, Y.-Y. and M.-J. Kao, "Using TiO2 nanofluid additive for engine lubrication oil." Industrial
Lubrication and Tribology, 63(6), pp.440 - 445, 2011.
41. Tarasov, S., et al., "Study of friction reduction by nanocopper additives to motor oil", Wear,
pp.63-69, 2002.
26
42. Hao, L., Li, J., Xu, X., Ren, T., "Preparation and tribological properties of a kind of lubricant
containing calcium borate nanoparticles as additives." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology,
64(1), pp.16 - 22, 2012.
43. Kalita, P., et al., "Tribological Study of Nano Lubricant Integrated Soybean Oil for Minimum
Quantity Lubrication (MQL) Grinding", Transactions of NAMRI/SME, 38, pp.137-144, 2010.
44. Kumar, S. and V.K. Aswal, "Tuning of nanoparticle–surfactant interactions in aqueous system", J.
Phys.: Condens. Matter, 23, 2011.
45. Newton, J.E., J.A. Preece, and B.G. Pollet, "Control of nanoparticle aggregation in PEMFCs using
surfactants by Newton", Int. J. Low-Carbon Tech., 7(1), pp.38-43, 2012.
46. Krajnik, P., F. Pusavec, and A. Rashid, Nanofluids: Properties, Applications and Sustainability
Aspects in Materials Processing Technologies, in Advances in Sustainable Manufacturing, G.
Seliger, M.M.K. Khraisheh, and I.S. Jawahir, Editors. 2011, Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 107-
113.
47. Shen, B., Malshe, A.P., Kalita, P., Shih, A.j., "Performance of Novel MoS2 nanoparticles based
grinding fluids In Minimum Quantity Lubrication Grinding", Transactions of NAMRI/SME, 36,
pp.357-364, 2008.
48. Hong, H., Marquis, F.D.S., Waynick, J.A., Carbon nanoparticle containing lubricant and grease.
2007: USA.
49. Zhamu, A., Jang, B.Z., Nano graphene-modified lubricant. 2012: USA.
50. Pettersen, E.M., Lubricant composition and methods of manufacture thereof. 2012: USA.
51. Haiping, H., Waynick, A.J., Carbon Nanoparticle-containing Nanofluid. 2011: USA.
52. Lockwood, F.E., Zhang, Z., Wu, G., Smith, T.R., Gear oil composition containing nanomaterial.
2008: USA.
53. Carlson, K., Tribological Behavior Of Lubricants With And Without Nanoadditives: A Comparative
Study, in Mechanical Engineering. 2011, University of Arkansas.
54. Kanagasabapathi, N., K. Balamurugan, and K. Mayilsamy, "Wear and thermal conductivity
studies on nano copper particle suspended soya bean lubricant", Journal of Scientific and
Industrial Research, 71, pp.492-495, 2012.
7. Origin and Justification of the Proposal

(Please justify based on the identified Qualifiers’ criteria)
Environmental issues are leading to a growing interest in bio-

lubricants, which can have similar or even better performance than
mineral and synthetic oils. Increasing attention to the environmental
issues and more restrictive environmental regulations drives the
lubricant industry to increase the ecological friendliness of its products.
Increasing pollution of air, soil and water has raised public interest in
environmental problems. Lubricants and their decomposition products
are pollutants that reach circumambience in a greater or smaller
proportion. The faster biodegradability of these products would be
ideal. For the last three decades, the industry has been trying to
formulate biodegradable lubricants with technical characteristics
superior to those based on mineral oils. Bio-Lubricants are a candidate
for replacement of mineral oils due to their inherent degradability and
excellent lubricity. Additionally, vegetable oils are a renewable
resource, and their cost is reasonable compared with that of other
27
alternative biodegradable fluids. The agricultural equipment is ideally
suited to use vegetable based lubricants, because it operates close to
the environment where lubricant can easily come into contact with the
soil, ground water and crops. The opportunity exists to create a
continuous cycle in which the agricultural equipment is lubricated by
the oil from a plant growing in the field being cultivated by that same
equipment. Although, at present, they have a very small share in the
oil market(below 1%), the potential future market for such products
(based on the points mentioned above) justifies the lubricant
formulation trials of such type of vegetable oil formulation.
8. Summary Outline of the Project (with Schematics, where

possible; Define the Problem and give technical details)
The main objective of this project is to improve the performance
of a bio lubricant by the addition of nanoparticles. In this study, the
bio lubricant would be formulated by Indian Maritime University. Once
the bio lubricant is formulated, baseline study of the bio lubricant will
be carried out to test its characteristics. Nanoparticles that would
blend with the bio lubricant will be identified from literature and
suitable particle size (in between 10 and 100 nm) of the nanoparticle
would be achieved by ball milling (the probable candidates for the
nanoparticle additives are listed in the literature review). To achieve
proper blending of the nanoparticles with the bio lubricant, suitable
surfactant would be chosen. This is an important part of the process
and the possible candidates for the surfactant are listed in the
literature review section. The nanoparticles would be blended with the
bio lubricant by the process of sonication (after identifying suitable
sonication parameters).Tribology tests such as variation of viscosity,
TAN,BAN and oil analysis consisting of ferrography and wear debris
analysis would be performed on the bio lubricant in order to study the
frictional and wear characteristics of the bio lubricant. The blended bio
lubricant would be tested as gear lubricant on a gear test rig. The
amount of wear occurring in the gear teeth flanks will be inspected for
typical surface failure mechanisms. Vibration analysis of gear oil test
rig with formulated lubricant would be studied for suitability of oil for
industrial applications. The load carrying capacity of the formulated
gear oil would be determined by measuring scar diameter using 4 ball
test machine. Thus the base bio lubricant would be enhanced to
achieve improved performance.
9. Expected Outcome in Physical Terms

i) New/Upgraded Product
ii) New/Upscale Process
iii) New/ Upgraded System
28
iv) Services (including Software)
v) Feasibility Analysis√
vi) Any other
10. Targeted Specifications of the Expected Outcome
 The bio-lubricants formulated will be suitable for automotive

applications.
 Gear oil equivalent to a commercial mineral based gear oil.
 The formulated bio lubricant campers well with mineral oil in the
feasibility studies
 The formulated lubricant is environmental friendly.
 The formulated lubricant is economical.
11. Deliverables of the Project(precise and in bullet form)
 Preparation of heterogeneous based Titanium doped metal oxides such

as cu, Sn,Ni Al,Co etc using combustion method.
 Characterization and sizing of the nano metal additive using TEM,ball
grinding machine and particle analyzer.
 Tribological properties of nano based bio-lubricant (gear oil) using
Total Acid Number test, Biodegradability test, Toxicity test.
 To study load carrying capacity by measuring scar diameter using 4
ball test machine
 Oil analysis using vibration measurement of gear test rig.
analytical ferrography, wear particle analysis, power loss test.
12. Methodology
(Please highlight how success in the project execution will be ensured)
The project will be executed in 7stages:

 Stage 1:
Identification of the bio lubricant Gear oil base stocks. The

following bio lubricants will be studied (Blends of two oils in
combination of 70% + 30% and there off)
29
 Castor Oil
 Rapeseed oil
 Soya bean oil
The bio lubricant blends would be studied with and without
additives. Suitable additive packages will be identified to enhance the
physico-chemical properties of the bio lubricants. Some of the
chemicals/compounds that are being considered are:
 Extreme pressure additive - Zinc Di-Alkyl dithiophosphate
 Detergent - Barium petroleum sulphonate
 Pour point depressant – poly alkyl methyl acrylates
 Anti-foaming agent - Amine phosphate
 Viscosity index improver (low molecular weight) - Olefin co-
polymer
 Stage 2:
Baseline study of the bio lubricant.
The developed base stocks will be evaluated for their physico-

chemical and lubricant properties and the potential candidates will be
selected and formulations will be developed to match the specifications
of identified lubes. Further improvement of lubricant properties by
adding nano additives will be done. The physico-chemical tests are:
 Viscosity Index
 Foaming tendency
 Emulsion test
 Acid number
 Corrosion Tendency
 Biodegradability
 Toxicity
 Stage 3:
Nano metal oxides , composites and metal doped titanium oxides

are synthesized by making use of solution combustion technique.
Synthesis procedure involves usage of metal nitrates such
asCu,Sn,Al , Co , Ni etc Selection of a suitable surfactant for
optimal suspension of nanoparticles. The following surfactants are
being considered.
 Triton X-100
 Brij30
30
 Sorbiton Mono Oleate (Span80)
 Tween 20
 Sodium do decylsulphate (SDS)
Physico-chemical properties of the blended bio lubricant.
The solid nano lubricant powder would be milled for various time
durations and the nano particles would be milled for various milling
times to achieve less aggregated samples. The test samples would be
analyzed to determine the average size of the nano particles. Nano
particles between the sizes10nm and 100nm would be selected. At
least 95% weight of the nano particles should confirm to the selected
size. The uniformity of dispersion and/or duration of suspension would
be established by sonicating or agitating the liquid fuel composition
containing the nano-size particles. The duration of suspension of the
nano particles in the lubricants is improved by selecting a suitable
surfactant and the time of suspension and optimum size of the nano
particles will be established after conducting number of tests and
analyzing the results. The optimum size of nano particles would be
decided in accordance with optimum blend ratio. The bio lubricant with
suitable additives will be formulated.
 Stage4:
Tribology tests on nano bio lubricant,

 Oil analysis for ferrography
 Wear particle size and distribution
 Vibration analysis of gear test rig with formulated vegetable gear
lubricant
 Power loss
 Surface analysis.
 Stage5:
Performance of Gear oil lubricant in gear test rig.

 Gear weight loss
 Roughness measurement and topologies
Stage7:
Analysis of test results and project report, documentation and patent

filing
31
13. Milestones with Dates, Work Elements for each and the
Organisation responsible for each Work Element
S. Duration Responsible
Milestone Work Elements
No. (months) Organisation
Development of bio lubricant Indian Maritime
1 I 0-9
basestocks. Literature review. University
1.Synthesis and characterization
of Titanium doped metal oxide
nano particles
2.Identification of suitable Indian Maritime
2 II 10 – 18
surfactant University
3.Optimization of Sonication
parameters, blending ratio, size
and quantity of nano particles
1.Tribology tests -testing by 4
ball test equipment Indian Maritime
3 III 19 – 27
2. oil analysis by wear particle University
analysis, Ferrography
1.Gear oil performance in a test
rig
Indian Maritime
4 IV 28 - 30 2. Vibration measurement of
University
test rig using formulated gear
lubricant
Test result analysis and Indian Maritime
5 V 31 – 36
documentation and patent filing University
14. Work Plan

(Providea bar chart giving project activities and milestones. Highlight
milestones)
Milestone - I Milestone - II Milestone - III

Milestone - IV Milestone - V
-4 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36
Time (in months)
32
15. Names of 5-6 Area Experts
(Please give complete postal address, telephone numbers and e-mail addresses)
1.Dr.D.K.Tuli,ED(DBT-IOC Bio-Energy Centre),

Indian Oil Corporation
R&D Centre, Sector-13,
Faridabad 121007,
Phone 0129-2285340; 9899177277
email:tulidk@indianoil.in
2.Dr.K.Ravikrishna,
Prof. Departmentof Mechanical Engineering,
IISC Bengaluru,
email: prof.ravikrishna@gmail.com
3.Dr. R B N PRASAD
Chief Scientist & Head
Centre for Lipid Research
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
HYDERABAD - 500 007
INDIA
Editor, Journal of Lipid Science & Technology
Tel: 040-27193179, 27191453
040-27002169 (Res),Fax: 040-27193370
email:rbnprasad@rediffmail.com
4.Dr.V.V. Mahajani
Visiting professor ,
ICT-Mumbai
email:vvmahajani@gmail.com
5.Sri Gandham Sri Ganesh,

Executive Director -Refineries (Corporate R & D),
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL)
Bengaluru
email:gandham@hpcl.co.in
16. Items for Outsourcing
S. Agency to which outsourced

Item Justifications
No. First Year Second Year Third Year
Foaming Equipment IICT/SGS India
1 - -
tendency test not available Ltd,Bombay
33
Biodegradable Equipment IICT/SGS India
2 ------- ---------
test not available Ltd,Bombay
Water Equipment IICT/SGS India
3
seperability test not available Ltd,Bombay
Equipment Andhra
4 SEM analysis ---- -----------
not available University
Equipment
5 TEM analysis SAIF, Cochin
not available
17. Any other Information relevant to the Project Proposal and

its Execution
NIL
34
4. BIO-DATA –Principal Investigator
1. Name and full correspondence address :
Dr.Y.V.V.SatyanarayanaMurthy
Marine Engineering Department
Indian Maritime University
Uthandi, Chennai, Tamilnadu
Mobile : 9908729258
Email(s) and contact number(s) : yvvsnmurthy@imu.ac.in
: yedithasatyam@gmail.com
3. Institution :School of Marine Engg & Technology,

INDIAN MARITIME University
4. Date of Birth :28-04-1974
5. Gender (M/F/T) :M
6. Category Gen/SC/ST/OBC : Gen
7. Whether differently abled (Yes/No) :NO
8. Academic Qualification (Undergraduate Onwards)
S.No Degree Specialization Year of University

passing
1. B.E Mechanical 1998 Andhra University

Engineering,
Andhra
University
2. M.E. Marine Engg 2003 Andhra University
3. Ph.D. Marine Engg 2009 Andhra University
4 Executi Maritime Law 2022 Gujarat Maritime

ve University
Diplom
a
Progra
35
mme
(Mariti
me
Law)
9. Ph.D thesis title, Guide’s Name, Institute/Organization/University,

Year of Award.
Ph.D thesis title Guide’s Institute/ Year of Award
Name Organizat
ion/Unive
rsity
Investigation Of Prof.B.V Andhra 2009
Performance, Emissions And Apparao University
Engine Vibrations Of Di-
Diesel Engine Operated With
Palm Methyl Ester And
Water-MTBE Saturated
Solution
10. Work experience (in chronological order).

S.No. Position Held Duration Organisation
1. Assistant 29-11-2003 17-12-2007 Avanthi Institute
Professor of Engineering
and Technology,
Makavarapalem,
Narsipatnam,
Visakhapatnam
2. Associate 18-12-2007 20-12-2008 Chaitanya
Professor Engineering,
College,
Kommadi
Visakhapatnam
3. Assistant 22-12-2008 31-05-2013 GITAM(Deemed
Professor to be University),
Visakhapatnam
4. Associate 01-06-2013 10-06-2019 GITAM(Deemed
Professor to be University),
Visakhapatnam
5 Professor & 10-06-2019 07-02-2020 GITAM(Deemed
Director to be University),
36
Central Visakhapatnam
Research
Labs
6 Associate 08-02-2020 Till date Indian Maritime
Professor University
11. Professional Recognition/ Award/ Prize/ Certificate, Fellowship received

by the applicant.
Sr. Title Value Organisation Design Status
No. ation
1. Design Of Vent Rs Aptuit Laurus PI July2010
Sizing For Firing 83,000/- pharma (Completed)
Conditions For company,
Vessel Reactors Ramky pharma
As Per API RP 520 city,
Visakhapatnam
2 Design Of Muffler Rs3,86,000 Indian Navy PI January 2012
For Low Powered /- Visakhapatnam (Completed)
Gas Turbines
Exhaust Systems
Experimental Rs Department of PI Completed

3 Investigations Of 49,52,000/ Science and with
Nano Metallic Fuel - Technology, certificate
Additives On New Delhi rating
Combustion ”GOOD” by
Performance And DST, New
Engine Vibrations Delhi
Of Variable C.I.
Engine Fuelled
With Diesel And
Bio-Diesel Diethyl
Ether Blends
Heat Transfer Rs VRDE , Co-PI 2014
4 studies of Engine 27,50,000/ Ahmednagar (Completed)
nano coolants - (DRDO)
5 Design Of Vent Rs Laurus Labs PI August2017
Sizing For Firing 1,00,000/- SEZ, Pharma (Completed)
Conditions For city
Vessel Reactors Visakhapatnam
As Per API RP 520
6 Vetting of Rs Military PI Completed
Thermal load 23,600/- Engineering 2018
37
calculations and services(MES)
duct design for 3 Visakhapatnam
х 40 tonne air
condition system
at Dolphin Hills,
Visakhapatnam
7 Conduct vibration Rs Cyient PI 18-3-2019
measurement on 23,600/- Technologies, to
Twin Lobe Air Manikonda, 24-3-2019
Blower and Hyderabad (Completed)
analysis
8 Vent sizing of Rs1,20,000 Laurus Labs PI 03-04-2021
Storage tanks at /- SEZ, Pharma to
Atmospheric city 16-12-2021
conditions Visakhapatnam (Completed)
9 Investigation of Rs3,00,000 Indian PI Approval
solubilization and /- Maritime sanction order
stability capacity University, In-Process
of oil-water-oil Chennai
based emulsions
with surfactants
on storage,
temperature for
Marine
Applications
12. Publications (List of papers published in SCI/Scopus Journals, in year

wise descending order).
Sr. Authors name Title of paper Name of Journal Page and year
No of proceedings
1 Dr.Y.V.V. Performance of Tobacco International Vol5 Issue
Satyanaraya oil based Bio-diesel fuel Journal of (13) October
naMurthy in a single cylinder direct Physical 2010
injection engine Sciences pp.2066-
(Academic 2074
Journal) ISSN:1992-
Scopus 1950
Indexed
38
2 Dr.Y.V.V. Design of Muffler for low International Volno.1,2012
Satyanaraya Powered Gas turbine Journal of Heat . Pgno51-56
naMurthy exhaust System & Technology
(ITALY)
Scopus
Indexed
3 Dr.Y.V.V. Experimental Journal of Jan
Satyanaraya Investigations of Real Engineering 2012Volno.7
naMurthy timen secondary co- Science and Issue 6 pgno
injection of water – Technology 711-721
Diethy ether solution in
(JESTEC)
DI-Diesel engine fuelled
Taylors
with Palm kernel Methyl
ester University
(MALAYSIA),
IMF:0.1
4 Dr.Y.V.V. Wake Analysis from International Vol 32 .2014
Satyanaraya principles of Journal of Heat Pgno155-162
naMurthy Hydrodynamics & Technology
(ITALY)Scopu
s
Indexed
5 Dr.Y.V.V. Transesterification Of International Vol13,Is
Satyanaraya Jatropa 39ynthes Oil journal of sue
naMurthy Using Potassium chemical 3,pages3
Triphosphate As Base reactor 95-407
Catalyst
Engineering,
U.K. IMF:1.01
6 Dr.Y.V.V. Combustion Heat Rate Journal of Vol. 10, No.
Satyanaraya Analysis Of C.I. Engine Engineering 8 (2015)
naMurthy With Secondary Co- Science and 1086 – 1102
Injection of DEE-H2O Technology
Solution – A Vibration (JESTEC)
Approach”– Taylors
University
(MALAYSIA),
IMF:0.1
7 Dr.Y.V.V. Bio Diesel Production Energy Sources, August
Satyanaraya from Degummed Part A: 2016
naMurthy Jatropha Curcass Oil Recovery,
Using Constant Utilization, and
Temperature Ultrasonic Environmental
Water Bath Effects”
Taylor&
Francis,
IMF:0.6
39
8 Dr.Y.V.V. Development of ANN Journal of Journal of
Satyanaraya model for prediction of Natural Gas Natural Gas
naMurthy performance and Science and Science and
emission characteristics Engineering, Engineering
of hydrogen dual fueled Elsevier, 26 (2015)
diesel engine with IMF:2.12 549-557
Jatropha Methyl Ester
biodiesel blends
9 Dr.Y.V.V. Vibration analysis of a Journal of 33, 217-
Satyanaraya diesel engine using Natural 230,2016
naMurthy biodiesel fuel blended Gas Science
with nano particles and
by dual fueling of Engineering,
hydrogen Elsevier,
IMF:2.12
10 Dr.Y.V.V. An approach to International 2014
Satyanaraya investigate the Journal
naMurthy characteristics of high of Heat &
speed turbo machines Technology.
(ITALY),
Scopus
Indexed
11 Dr.Y.V.V. Effect of a zinc oxide Journal of 137 (2016)
Satyanaraya nano particle fuel cleaner 490-506
naMurthy additive on the production,
emission reduction of a Elsevier,
hydrogen dual-fuelled IMF:5.31
engine with Jatropha
methyl ester biodiesel
blends”
12 Dr.Y.V.V. Numerical modeling of a Case Studies in Vol.10 (2017)

Satyanaraya fuel droplet for the Thermal 121–130
naMurthy evaluation of ignition Engineering
temperature considering ,Elsevier,
transport properties IMF:1.47
13 Dr.Y.V.V. Artificial Neural Network International 42(2017)147
Satyanaraya modeling of a hydrogen journal 50-14774
na Murthy dual fueled diesel engine hydrogen
characteristics: An energy ,
experiment approach
Elsevier,
IMF:3.64
40
14 Dr.Y.V.V. Effect of cooled EGR on Case Studies in Volume
Satyanaraya modified light duty diesel Thermal 12, Septemb
na Murthy engine for combustion, Engineering er 2018,
performance and ,Elsevier, Pages 188-
emissions under high IMF:1.47 202
pressure split injection
strategies
15 Dr.Y.V.V. Study of noise in Energy, Energy
Satyanaraya hydrogen dual- fuelled Elsevier, 160(2018)77
na Murthy Zinc-oxide nano particle IMF:5.582 4-782
blended biodiesel engine
and the development of
an artificial neural
network model
16 Dr.Y.V.V. Combustion Analysis Of Journal of Feb2019.
Satyanaraya Modified Light Duty Engineering
na Murthy Diesel Engine Under High Science and
Pressure Split Injections Technology,
With Cooled EGR Elsevier IMF:
1.81
17 Dr.Y.V.V. Synthesis Of Algae Asian Journal of Vol.31.2019
Satyanaraya Biodiesel Using chemistry.
na Murthy K2CO3/ZnO Scopus
Heterogeneous Base Indexed.
Catalyst
18 Dr.Y.V.V. Synthesis of algae Rasayan Journal Vol.12, No.4,
Satyanaraya biodiesel using of Chemistry. 2019
na Murthy k2CO3/ZnO Scopus
heterogeneous base Elsevier
catalyst and its Indexed
characterization
19 Dr.Y.V.V. Combustion and Energy Sources, Accepted For
Satyanaraya Vibration studies on light Part A: publication
na Murthy duty diesel engine fuelled Recovery, June2020
with algae biodiesel Utilization, and
41ynthesized by Environmental
K2CO3/ZnO Effects”
Heterogeneous base Taylor&
catalyst Francis,
IMF:0.85
20 Dr.Y.V.V. Metal Borne Nano Fuel Journal of SEPTEMBER
Satyanaraya Additives In Biodiesel Marine 2020, Vol.
na Murthy blends For engineers India XIV; Issue. X
Decarbonization In Dual
Fuel Engines
41
21 Dr.Y.V.V. Impact of Tamarindus Materials Today 27 January
Satyanaraya Indica biodiesel blends proceedings, 2021
na Murthy on performance and Elsevier https://doi.or
exhaust emissions IMF:0.5 g/10.1016/j.
characteristics of light
matpr.2020.1
duty compression
1.537
ignition engine
22 Dr.Y.V.V. Numerical Simulation of IJCRT (UGC Volume 9,
Satyanaraya NOx & Soot Emissions of Approved) Issue 5 May
na Murthy Single Cylinder Diesel 2021 | ISSN:
Engine with EGR Modified 2320-2882
to Run On
CRDI for High Pressure
Split
Injections
23 Dr.Y.V.V. Experimental Journal of Vol44,2021
Satyanaraya Investigations on CI Mechanical
na Murthy engine for performance Engineering
and emissions fuelled research and
with stabilized binary Developments
Diesel/ JME blends doped (JMERD)-
with nano metallic oxide Scopus
additive particles using
DEE and Non- Ionic
surfactants
24 Dr.Y.V.V. Comparative Analysis of Rasayan Journal Vol14,No.4,20
Satyanaraya Nox & Smoke Emissions of Chemistry. 21
na Murthy of Binary Diesel/ JME Scopus
Blends Doped with Al2O3 Elsevier
Nano Particles Stabilized Indexed
By DEE As Solvent And
Triton-X100 & Brij58
Surfactants
25 Dr.Y.V.V. NOx in modified high International May2023
Satyanaraya pressure split injection Journal of Heat
na Murthy single cylinder diesel and Technology,
engine with EGR - a (ITALY)
mathematical approach". Scopus
Indexed
42
13. Detail of patents.
S.N Patent Name of Patent No. Award Agency/ Status
o Title Applican Date Country
t(s)
1 Biodegrad Dr.Y.V.V 1585/CHE/20 Under India Patent
able .Satyana 13 Review publish
Industrial rayanaM ed in
Gear urthy the
Lubricant Patent
From website
Tobacco journal
Oil in page
no194.
14. Books/Reports/Chapters/General articles etc.

S.No Title Author’s Name Publisher Year of
Publication
1 Course Material Dr.Y.V.V. Submitted Submitted
for the subject SatyanarayanaMurthy to IMU to IMU
“Marine Steam
Engg”
UG11T3607
2 Book chapters on Dr.Y.V.V. Submitted In Progress
“Biofuels for SatyanarayanaMurthy to IMU
Green shipping”
3 Micro Credit Dr.Y.V.V. Submitted Submitted
Course structure SatyanarayanaMurthy to IMU to IMU
and Syllabus on “
Salvage case
studies in
Maritime Law”
15. Any other Information (maximum 500 words)
 Received Appreciation letter from Department of Science and

Technology, New Delhi, Technology Development and Transfer
division, for successful completion of project sanctioned under
“Alternate Fuel- Technology systems Development (TSD) programme
43
titled” Experimental Investigations Of Nano Metallic Fuel Additives On
Combustion Performance And Engine Vibrations Of Variable C.I. Engine
Fuelled With Diesel And Bio-Diesel Diethyl Ether Blends” worth of Rs
49.52 lakhs(Forty nine lakhs fifty two thousand only) . The outcome of
this project concluded that selection of metallic oxide fuel borne
catalysts in biodiesel blends mainly depends on the concentration of
the surfactant and nano particles. Significant reduction in engine
emissions were achieved with this fuel borne catalysts in biodiesel
blends when run on diesel engines with advanced high pressure split
injection strategies. The work carried out in this project was
appreciated by the Review Committee and certificate was issued from
Secretary, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi and
graded as “GOOD”.
 BEST RESEARCHER award from GITAM (Deemed to be University) in

the IXth Convocation 2018 with citation and Rs50,000/- cash award.
 H.S.RAO Memorial Award from Institute of Marine Engineers

India (IMEI) for the year 2021 with Citation and Rs6000/- Cash
Award.
 First place in short essay competition in “Swacchata Pakwada”

Sept2020- competition with Cash award of Rs3000/-
 Programme Adviser for Marine Engineering: University of Namibia
44
Biodata of Project Advisor
Dr.Rajoo Balaji
Dr Rajoo Balaji graduated from Marine Engineering College, Kolkata (DMET) and sailed for about two decades,
obtaining Chief Engineer Certificate of Competency etc. He then turned to academics in 2000. He holds a Masters
in Maritime Management and a Doctorate in Mechanical Engineering/Marine Technology. He had developed a
shipboard heat based system for Ballast water treatment/management during the Doctoral study. His other
research interests include Maritime Education and Marine Environment/Renewable Energy. He is currently the
Director of Indian Maritime University, Chennai Campus.
ACADEMIC WORK: Rajoo Balaji (ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3725-6267)
Publications
Indexed Conferences (First & Corresponding Author)
1. Paper presented in ICEBESE 2014: International Conference on Environmental, Biological and Ecological
Sciences and Engineering on August, 18-19, 2014 at Barcelona, Spain.
Published as: Balaji, R. Yaakob, O. (2014). Ballast Water Management Triad: Administration, Ship
Owner and the Seafarer. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Science
Index 92, International Journal of Environmental, Ecological, Geological and Mining Engineering, 8(8):
473-477.
2. R. Balaji & O. Yaakob. Envisaging a Ballast Water Treatment System from Shipboard Waste Heat.
International Conference on Maritime Technology (ICMT), Harbin, China. 25-28 June 2012.
Non-Indexed Conferences (First & Corresponding Author)
3. R. Balaji & O. Yaakob. Design Verification of Waste Heat Exchanger for Ballast Water Treatment with
Cost as an Objective Function. UMTAS 2013 Conference. Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. 8-10 October
2013.
4. R. Balaji & O. Yaakob. Towards A Sustainable Ballast Water Management System. 8th International
Conference on Marine Technology, MARTEC 2012. Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. 20-22 October 2012.
5. R. Balaji & O. Yaakob. A Shipboard Resource based Ballast Water Treatment System-Poster
presentation, UMTAS 2011 Conference. Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. June 2011.
6. R. Balaji & W.E. Yutuc. Scenario Based Assessments on Engine room Simulators. ICERS Conference, New
York. November 3, 2009.
7. R. Balaji. STCW & Training for Pollution Prevention. UMTAS Conference, Terengganu, Malaysia. May
2009.
8. R. Balaji. Efficient Ships. UMTAS Conference, Terengganu, Malaysia. May 2008.
9. R. Balaji & A. H. Saharuddin. Review of GESAMP Estimates of Oil Inputs from Ships. IOC/WESPAC
Conference, Sabah, Malaysia. May 2008.
45
10. R. Balaji. Trainee, Trainer & STCW: A Juxtaposition. GlobalMET Conference, Kula Lumpur. 2007.
11. R. Balaji & A. Jagadeeswaren. Computational Fluid Dynamics: A Brief Familiarisation to the shipboard
Engineer. XVIII National Convention of Marine Engineers, Hyderabad, India. 11 March 2005.
Technical Articles (Non-Indexed Journals) (First & Corresponding Author)
1. R. Balaji. An Overview of Ballast Water Management Status. Marine Engineers Review (India). Journal
of Institute of Marine Engineers, India. May 2014. 8(6):8-16.
2. R. Balaji. A current look at Ballast Water Management. IKMAL Journal. Institut Kelautan Malaysia.
December 2013.
3. R. Balaji. Ballast Water Management on Ships. Jurutera, The Monthly Bulletin of Institution of Engineers
(Malaysia). May 2011. 5: 16-22.
4. R. Balaji. The Rationale for Ballast Water and its Treatment. Marine Engineers Review (India). Journal of
Institute of Marine Engineers, India. February 2011. 5(3): 24-30.
5. R. Balaji. Materials for Ship Construction: Some Trends. Bulletin of Marine Engineering, Science &
Technology. Tolani Maritime Institute, March 2005.
6. R. Balaji. Cylinder Lubrication: Trends & Developments. Marine Engineers Review (India). Journal of
Institute of Marine Engineers, India. September 2004.
Publications (Indexed Journals) (First & Corresponding Author)
1. Rajoo Balaji, Omar Yaakob, Kho King Koh, Faizul Amri bin Adnan, Nasrudin bin Ismail, Badruzzaman bin
Ahmad, Mohd Arif bin Ismail (2019): A Study of Ballast Water Treatment using Engine Waste Heat.
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C. 100(2): 255-269. Doi:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-018-0468-0. (IF:0.75)
2. Rajoo Balaji, Hing Lee Siang, Omar Yaakob, Kho King Koh, Faizul Amri bin Adnan, Nasrudin bin Ismail,
Badruzzaman bin Ahmad, Mohd Arif bin Ismail & W. B. Wan Nik (2017): Laboratory tests on heat
treatment of ballast water using engine waste heat. Environmental Technology, DOI:
10.1080/09593330.2017.1321691. (IF:1.76)
3. Rajoo Balaji, Saravanan Venkadasalam (2017). Developing a marine engineering centre of excellence for
competency-based training. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (IAMU Section). Doi: 10.1007/s13437-
017-0124-1. February 2017. (IF:0.273)
Ahmad, Mohd Arif bin Ismail, Hing Lee Siang and Wan Norsani Wan Nik. (2015). A Ballast Water
Treatment System Using Engine Waste Heat: Is it Viable? Journal of Transport System Engineering. 2(3):
31-36. (IF:0.1)
46
Ahmad, Mohd Arif bin Ismail, Yiow Ru Vern. (2015). Comparison of Heat Exchanger Designs for Ship
Ballast Water Heat Treatment System. Jurnal Teknologi. 75(1): 1-6. (IF:0.1)
6. Balaji, R. and Yaakob, O. (2015). Optimisation of a Waste Heat Exchanger for Ballast Water Treatment.
Transactions B: Mechanical Engineering. Scientia Iranica. 22(3): 871-882. (IF: 1.025)
7. Balaji, R. (2014). Redesign of an Exhaust Gas Economiser using software. Journal of The Institution of
Engineers (India): Series C. doi: 10.1007/s40032-014-0131-3. 95(3):273-289. (IF: 0.12)
8. Balaji, R., Yaakob, O. and Kho, K. K. (2014). A Review of Developments in Ballast Water Management.
Environmental Reviews. doi: 10.1139/er-2013-0073. (IF: 2.36)
9. Balaji, R., Yaakob, O., Adnan, F.A. and Koh, K.K. (2014). Design Verification of Heat Exchanger for Ballast
Water Treatment. Jurnal Teknologi. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 66(2):61-65. (IF: 0.1)
10. Balaji, R. and Yaakob, O. (2012). An analysis of shipboard waste heat availability for ballast water
treatment. Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology. 11(2): 15-29. (IF: 0.2)
11. Balaji, R. and Yaakob, O. (2011). Emerging Ballast Water Treatment Technologies: A Review. Journal of
Sustainability Science and Management. 6(1): 126-138. (IF: 0.16)
11. R. Balaji. (2012). Oil Pollution Violations on Vessels and adequacy of Maritime Training. Journal of
Maritime Affairs. World Maritime University, Sweden. Springer. October 2012. 11(2):187-209.
(IF: 0.226)
12. R. Balaji. (2010). Efficient Ships-Some Present Trends and Practices. Journal of Sustainability Science &
Management. Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. Malaysia, June 2010. 5(1): 138-150.
(IF: 0.16)
Indexed and Non-indexed Journals (First/Corresponding Author):
1. Rajoo Balaji. The Latitude for Maritime Education and Training to Mature under the influence of
National Education Policy-2020. January 25-31, 2021. Special Issue on Implementation Strategies for
National Education Policy-2020 (reimagining Teacher Education, Vocational Education and Professional
Education. 59(04): 46-53.
2. R. Balaji & A.H. Saharuddin. Human Factors as Causes for Shipboard Oil Pollution Violations. The
International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation. Poland. March 2012.
6(1):93-99.
3. R. Balaji & A.H. Saharuddin. Effect of Training on Shipboard Oil Pollution Violations. Journal of Maritime
Technology and Environment. Constanta Maritime University, Romania. 2011. 2:125-136.
4. Madhumitha Rajaraman, R. Balaji. Voltage and frequency control of an asynchronous generator for a
Stand-alone wind energy conversion system. Journal of Transport System Engineering 3:1 (2016) 20-25.
47
5. Rajoo Balaji. Effectiveness of Engine Waste Heat for Heat Treatment of Ballast water. Annual Technical
Volume. Marine Engineering Division Board. The Institution of Engineers (India). Vol. 1. 2016.
6. Rajendra Prasad Sinha, Rajoo Balaji. Exergy analysis of a Medium size LNG Tanker Steam Power Plant.
Annual Technical Volume. Marine Engineering Division Board. The Institution of Engineers (India). Vol.
1. 2016.
7. Saravanan Venkadasalam, Rajoo Balaji. How efficient are Malaysian Shipping Companies: A Stochastic
Frontier Approach with Malmquist Productivity Indices. Annual Technical Volume. Marine Engineering
Division Board. The Institution of Engineers (India). Vol. 1. 2016.
8. Rajoo Balaji, Brij Mohan Saggi. STCW and Competency based Training. ALAM Journal of Maritime
Studies. Vol. 1/Issue 1. 2017.
9. Rajendra Prasad Sinha, Rajoo Balaji. A Mathematical Model of Marine Diesel Engine Speed Control
System. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C.DOI 10.1007/s40032-017-0420-8. 2017.
Ahmad, Mohd Arif bin Ismail. (2017). Validation of Engine Performance for Tests on Ballast Water Heat
Treatment Using Engine Waste Heat. International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and
Research, Vol. 2(1): 16-24.
Books & Book Chapters:
1. Marine Technology and Sustainable Development: Green Innovations (Part of the Advances in
Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies Series), Information Science Reference (an imprint of
IGI Global) (ISSN: 2326-9162; eISSN: 2326-9170). (2014). Section 4 Maritime Education and Training,
Chapter 16 Effect of training on Oil Pollution Violations, Abdul Hamid Saharuddin, R Balaji.
Publications as Co Author
Conference Proceedings:
1. Prediction of Manoeuvring Behaviour of an offshore supply vessel using simulation program-(Co-Author)-
International Conference on Marine Technology, Bangla Desh. December 2010.
Patents
1. Ballast Water Treatment System supplemented by Shipboard Waste Heat (PI2015 701310).
Academic Assignments
Honorary Editor, Marine Engineers Review, Journal of Institute of Marine Engineers (India) from January 2020.
Forums attended as Invited Speaker
1. 5th Asia Green Shipping Summit, 20-21 August 2014. Singapore. Topic: A Review of Current Ballast Water
Management Status.
2. IMarEST-RINA Technical Talk: 14 November 2014. Topic: Towards Compliance of BWM Convention
48
5. BUDGET ESTIMATES
1. Break-up of the Total Budget
Budget items Amount requested (in Rs)
1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year
(a) Project Staff
3,72,000/-@ 3,72,000/-@ 4,20,000/-@
JRF-1No.
31,000/-p.m. 31,000/-p.m. 35,000/-p.m.
(b) Consumables
Chemicals, Oils
glassware, etc. 1,50,000 50,000 50,000
(c) Domestic
travel 1,00,000 50,000 50,000
(d)Outsourcing
for Sample
1,50,000 50,000 50,000
testing and
hiring services
(e)Equipment
(Item wise)
1.Total acid
number TAN-
4,00,000 Nil Nil
DELTA) &
Resistivity Test
2.Ball Mill &
5,00,000 Nil Nil
Accessories
3.Ferrography and
wear debris
18,00,000 Nil Nil
particle analyzer
testing equipment
4.Custom built
6,00,000 Nil Nil
gear test rig
(f)Patenting NIL NIL 30,000
(g) Institutional
overheads &
Contingencies 1,14,400/- 1,20,000/-
@20% of 1,54,400/-
Recurring
budget (20% of
49
a+b+c+d+f)
Rs. 42,26,400/- Rs. 6,26,400/- Rs. 7,20,000/-
(i)Total Rs. 55,72,800/-( Rupees Fifty Five Lakhs Seventy
Two Thousand Eight Hundred only)
Itemised Budget
(Please provide justification)
2.1. Manpower
Budget for Salaries (Indian Maritime University)
Designati Qualification Salary permonth Numb Amou Justificati

on er of nt on
Perso (Rupe
ns es in
Lakhs
)
Junior M.Tech / (Nano Rs31,000/-p.m. 1 11.64 Next
Research Technology/ including HRA for Paragrap
Fellow Chemical first 2years & h
/Thermal) or Rs35,000/-p.m.
M.Sc including HRA for
(Chemistry) 3rd year
Since the duration of the project is 3 years involves synthesis,

characterization of nano particles and extensive experimentation is needed
to form the suitable additive package and testing of the formulated
vegetable gear oil is tested for its performance. Hence a Junior Research
fellow is required with post –graduation qualification in engineering either
from Nano technology/ chemical / Thermal or Post graduation
M.Sc.(Chemistry)specialization
Budget for Salaries (Collaborator)
Designation Qualification Salary per Number of Amount Justification

month Persons (Rupees in
Lakhs)
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Nil
50
2.2. Consumables
Budget for Consumable Materials (Indian Maritime University)

(Amount in Rupees in Lakhs)
1 Year
st
2 nd
Year 3 rd
Year Total Justification including
the basis of cost
estimates/quotations
1.5 0.50 0.50 2.50 Based on Estimation
The project involves testing and blending of bio based vegetable gear with
nano particle additives with suitable surfactant. The test data will be
collected over a period of 12 months and tested in a customized gear rig.
Hence, vegetable oils in large quantity are required for testing and to run the
gear box. Therefore, the consumables involve 35% vegetable oils, 50% nano
particles and 15% for other chemicals.
Budget for Consumable Materials (Colloborator)

1 Year
st
2 nd
Year 3 rd
the basis of cost
N/A N/A N/A N/A Nil
2.3. Contingencies
Budget for Contingencies (Indian Maritime University)

1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year Total
Justification including
the basis of cost
estimates
1.544 1.144 1.20 3.888 Following Paragraph
The project involves a lot of experimentation and hence minor expenditure
towards technicians and labor can be expected. Institutional overheads &
Contingencies @20% of Recurring budget is proposed.
Budget for Contingencies (Colloborator)

1 Year
st
2 nd
Year 3 rd
the basis of cost
estimates
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
51
2.4. Other Costs (Outsourcing, Fabrication, Testing and Patenting,
etc.)
Budget for Other Costs (Indian Maritime University)

Justification
2
nd
including the basis
Item 1st Year 3rd Year Total
Year of cost
Based on cost
Outsourcing
estimation
Fabrication
Based on cost
(Custom built 6.0 NIL NIL NIL
estimation
gear test rig)
Testing includes
Formulated
SEM, TEM analysis,
Nano
Toxicity ,
particles and
Thermogravimetric
gear oil
,FTIR analysis
Samples 1.5 0.50 0.50 2.0
Foaming Tendency,
testing and
oxidation stability,
hiring
Scar diameter, and
services for
Biodegradability
analysis
analysis and test.
After the formulation
of vegetable based
lubricants, they
must be patented
and at the end of
the project the
Patenting Nil NIL 0.30 0.30 performance of the
vegetable engine
and gear oil results
must be patented so
the budget is
allocated based on
quotation
Others Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
52
Budget for Other costs (Collaborator)
Justification including
1st 2nd 3rd
Item Total the basis of cost
Year Year Year
Outsourcing NIL NIL NIL NIL N/A
Fabrication NIL NIL NIL NIL N/A
Testing NIL NIL NIL NIL N/A
Patenting NIL NIL NIL NIL N/A
Others NIL NIL NIL NIL N/A
2.5. Domestic Travel*

Budget for Domestic Travel (Indian Maritime University)
Justification;
indicating
journeys, mode
1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year Total and class of
transport
Travel as per
1.0 0.50 0.50 2.50
University Rules
This project involves extensive travelling for procuring Nano particles,

purchase of suitable surfactants. Also, this project involves extensive
travelling for testing and analyzing the physico chemical properties of the
formulated Bio lubricants. Hence the budget is allocated as per the
requirements. There is no need of foreign and sea travel.
(*) No foreign travel is permitted under IMU grants. Class and mode of
transportation should be as per the entitlement of the concerned staff in the
Organization. Travel component of visits of the Project Review Committee
would be added by IMU separately in the Project cost).
Budget for Domestic Travel (Collaborator) (Amount in Rupees in Lakhs)

1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year Total Justification;
i indicating
(Journeys, mode,
and class of
transport
NIL NIL NIL NIL N/A
53
2.6. Equipment*
Budget for Permanent Equipment (Indian Maritime University)
Unit
Landed
Description Foreign/ Cost Total
Number Justification in relation
of Indigeno (CIF+Cust (Rupees
of Items to Project requirement
Equipment us om Duty+ in Lakhs)
others )
(in Rs)
Oil analysis is not only
a good tool for
analyzing the wearing
phenomena of
machines,
but also for analyzing
Ferrography
the condition and
and wear
lubrication capacity of
debris
Indigeno oil. Solid debris
particle 18.0 01 18.0
us analysis is carried out
analyzer
by measuring the
testing
particle count Particle
equipment
types, concentrations,
sizes and
morphologies of the
wear debris particles
using Ferrography
tests
The change in Total
acid number(TAN) of
TAN test Indigeno the lubricant will
4.0 01 4.0
equipment us indicate lubricant
degradation and also
water contamination
Ball milling machine
Ball will be used for milling
Mill the synthesized TiO2
with Indigeno nano particles and
5.0 01 5.0
Access us additional accessories
ories are needed to get the
required size of nano
particles
Budget for Permanent Equipment (Colloborator)
54
Descripti Foreign/Indige Unit Landed Number of Total Justificati
on of nous Cost Items (Rupees on in
Equipme (CIF+Custo in relation
nt m Duty+ Lakhs) to pro-
others ) ject
requirem
ent
NIL NIL NIL NIL N/A NIL
* A List of equipment and facilities available to the investigators and

relevant to the project be provided separately.
 Ultra sonic liquid processor

 Viscometer
 Chemical Lab glass ware
 Vibration Analyser
55
6.Certificate from the Investigator
Project Title:Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Doped

Titanium Nano Metal Oxide Additives in Bio-Based Vegetable Gear Oil
Lubricant For Marine Applications
It is certified that
1. The same project proposal has not been submitted elsewhere for financial
support.
2. We/I undertake that spare time on equipment procured in the project will
be made available to other users.
3. We/I agree to submit a certificate from Institutional Biosafety Committee,

if the project involves the utilization of genetically engineered organisms.
We/I also declare that while conducting experiments, the Biosafety
Guidelines of Department of Biotechnology, Department of Health Research,
GOI would be followed in toto.
4. We/I agree to submit ethical clearance certificate from the concerned

ethical committee, if the project involves field trails/experiments/exchange
of specimens, human & animal materials etc.
5. The research work proposed in the scheme/project does not in any way
duplicate the work already done or being carried out elsewhere on the
subject.
6.We/I agree to abide by the terms and conditions of Indian Maritime

University.
Name and signature of Principal Investigator:
Dr.Y.V.V.SatyanarayanaMurthy
Signature
Date:05-06-2024
Place:Chennai
Name and signature of Co-PI (s) (if any): NIL

Date: 05-06-2024
Place: Chennai
56
7. ENDORSEMENT FROMHEAD OF ORGANISATION
(On the official letter-head)
This is to certify that:
1. Affirmed that the Organisation welcomes the participation of

DrY.V.V.SatyanarayanaMurthy as the Principal investigator and
Dr. Rajoo Balaji as the Advisor for the Project titled “Synthesis,
Characterization and Applications of Doped Titanium Nano Metal Oxide
Additives in Bio-Based Vegetable Gear Oil Lubricant For Marine
Applications” and that in the unforeseen and legitimate event of
discontinuation by the PI, the Co-PI will assume the responsibility of the
fruitful completion of the project with due information to Indian Maritime
University.
2. The date of project starts from the date on which the University/Institute/
Organisation/College receives the grant from Indian Maritime University,
Chennai.
3. The investigator will be governed by the rules and regulations of
University/ Institute/Organisation/College and will be under
administrative control of the University/Institute/Organization/College for
the duration of the project.
4. The grant-in-aid by the Indian Maritime University ,Chennai, will be used
to meet the expenditure on the project and for the period for which the
project has been sanctioned as mentioned in the sanction order.
5. No administrative or other liability will be attached to Indian Maritime
University, Chennai at the end of the project.
6. The University/Institute/Organisation/College will provide basic
infrastructure and other required facilities to the investigator for
undertaking the research project.
7. The University/ Institute/Organisation/College will take into its books all
assets created in the above project and its disposal would be at the
discretion of Indian Maritime University ,Chennai
57
8. The University/ Institute/Organisation/College assumes to undertake the
financial and other management responsibilities of the project.
Seal of Registrar of University/Head of the

Institute/Head of organisation /
Principal of College
University/ Institute/
Organisation/College
Date:05-06-2024
Place:Chennai
58
8. Endorsement from collaborating
Industry/Agency
(On the official letter- head)
I have gone through the Project Proposal entitled…………..

submitted by ……………(Name of PI)of…………….(Name of the Organisation)
for Indian Maritime University funding and noted the obligations
and responsibilities indicated in our name as stated below :
1. Contribution in financial terms(Rupees in Lakhs)
2. Contribution in kind (List activities)
I hereby affirm that my Organisation/Industry is committed to

participate in the Project to the full extent as indicated in the
Project Proposal including the financial liabilities accruing
therefromas detailed above. A summary profile of my Organisation
is given below:
Name of Organisation
Nature of Business
Number of Employees
Annual Turn over
The Annual Report for the preceding financial year is enclosed.
(Head of the Industry/Agency)

Seal/Stamp
Date:
Place:
59
REFEREE’S REPORT
Please tick in the boxes and enter your comments in the space provided.
Please be as objective as possible, as PAC relies substantially on referees’
reports.
IMU Reference No :
PROJECT TITLE :
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR :
1. Suitability under Technology Qualifiers’ Criteria (Tick one or more)
The Technology is
Based on established R&D outcome/ results.

Conforming to national / international specifications
 Potentially useful, demand driven and required by other agencies and users (name them)
 A development of technology for multiple applications
 An adaptation of existing technology for its applications other than originally intended
 Meeting a critical national need ( present/ future ) and/or strengthening technological capabilities for the same
 An application of advanced science and technology with a promise of giving competitive solutions
Please tick one :
Suitable
Not Suitable
If considered `Suitable’, indicate the Qualifiers’ criteria being satisfied by

ticking the appropriate box (es). If considered `Unsuitable’, skip all other
items and directly go to item (9)
2. Objectives:
Please tick one :
Precise and well

formulated
Vague and lacking

precision/ focus
60
3. Work Plan including Methodology and Time Schedules:
Please tick one :
Well planned and

practical
Needs revision
Impractical
4. Opinion on Proposed Budget and Manpower :
4.1 Justification for Equipment in relation to the Project Objectives:
4.2 Spares and Consumables:
4.3 Travel :
4.4 Expenditure on other Items (Fabrication etc):
4.5 Total Budget :
4.6 Manpower requested :
9. Opinion on Professional Competence of PI and the Project Team

with regard to the Project under review:
PI’s Publication Record in the related Area
a) International Journals
b) National Journals
c) International Conferences/National Conferences
61
5.2 Patents
5.3 PI’s Experience in the related Area(s)
5.4 General Opinion on Competence of PI, Co-PI and the Team
2. Track Record and Commitment of the Industrial Collaborator, if

any. (Opinion may be given only on the basis of reliable information)
3. Comments on Involvement of PI in other Projects (too many or

unrelated)
4. General Comments on the Project Proposal as a whole
9. Rating of the Project

(Please tick one)
Excellent:
Very Good:
Good:
Fair:
Poor:
10. Recommendations
(Please tick one)
Recommended
62
Needs Revision
(Give Suggestions)
Not Recommended
(Give Critical View)
Signature
Name
Address
Phone(s)
Fax
Email
Date:
For official Use Only
Date on which the Proposal was sent to the Referee:
Date on which the Referee’s Report was received:
63
Proposal Submitted to MoPSW
By
Dr.Y.V.V.Satyanryana Murthy, Ph.D( Marine Engineering)

EDP(Maritime Law)
Principal Investigator
School of Marine Engineering and Technology

Indian Maritime University, Chennai
Phone no.9908729258
email: yvvsnmurthy@imu.ac.in
1
PROJECT DETAILS
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR : Dr.Y.V.V.SatyanarayanaMurthy,
PhD(Marine Engg) EDP (Maritime
Law)
Project Duration : 3 years
Total Budget for the Project :Rs 55,72,800/-
RESEARCH Equipment cost :Rs 33,00,000/-
Manpower, JRF :Rs 11,64,000/-
CONSUMABLES, TRAVEL, CONTENGIES ,
OVERHEADS : Rs11,08,800/-
S.No ITEM IMU Share Other Agencies’ Share
Total acid number

1 Rs 4.0Lakhs NIL
tester(TAN)
Ball Milling Machine &
2 Accessories Rs 5.0Lakhs NIL
Ferrography and wear

3 debris particle analyzer Rs18.0Lakhs NIL
4
Custom built gear test rig Rs6.0Lakhs NIL
2
Total Rs 33.0 Lakhs NIL
RESEARCH EQUIPMENT
COMPLETE MARINE FUEL OIL ANALYSIS KIT- FERROUS DEBRIS MONITOR- KITTIWAKE
TAN, TBN, VISCOSITY- KITTIWAKE INSTRUMENTS INSTRUMENTS-KITTIWAKE INSTRUMENTS
3
Objectives and Goals:
 To design and develop Marine’s environmentally acceptable,
biodegradable lubricants formulated from vegetable oils, synthetic
esters, and other biodegradable base stocks.
 To synthesize and dope nano particles like titanium oxide(TiO2),

MoS2 , Functionalised carbon nano tubes(CT) , Tungsten disulphide
(WS2) in vegetable gear oil lubricants for better performance
 To identify suitable surfactant and formulate Additive package to

meet the oil specifications such as Viscosity, wear, foam ,emulsion
tendency, corrosion, cloud, pour, flash, fire point, oxidation
stability for marine applications.
 To conduct tribological tests and establish the performance of the

lubricant oil in gear test rig.
4
OUTCOMES
 Formulate Vegetable oil based gear lubricant with nano technology
suitable for Marine applications
 Less wear, noise, vibration & environmental compatible along with
performance comparable to mineral oils.
 Establish Marine Fuels and lubricants research lab at Indian
Maritime university, Chennai
 Promote Research and startups in Marine Fuels and Lubricants in
combination with Innovation centre sanctioned under PM Infra
projects to Indian Maritime University Chennai campus
APPLICATIONS
 All heavy-duty enclosed gear drives containing spur gears, helical
gears and bevel gears, as well as spiral bevel gears, hypoid gears,
and worm gears, including those operating at high speeds or very
high loads.
 Chain drives, sprockets, plain and anti-friction bearings, guide ways
and flexible couplings where service conditions require the use of
5
either a mild EP or an EP-type gear lubricant.
MOM-20th May2024 R & D Meeting
 Chairman enquired whether this topic is currently in any entity for

which Project Proponent replied that M/s Chevron Corporation is also
in this field. Further, the Chairman enquired about the patent for the
product.
Ans) Chevron Corporation has products i)Synthetic EA Gear Oil 100 & ii)
high VI gear oil of ISO VG 220. But these gear oils are formulated with out
application of Nano technology.
Ans) All the IP activity in this project belongs to the Indian Maritime University
& Funding agency MoPSW.
 DA (Ports) mentioned that the property of viscosity is the main

criteria for the lubricants and the present study may be of relevance
to the oil industries.
Ans)Agreed , but a suitable additive package with doping nano particles
and formulating the biobased gear lubricants for Marine applications creates
a Intellectual Property knowledge and rights. All stake holders are
responsible for Maritime Decarbonization 2050 . Vegetable based fuels,
lubricants plays a significant role in Maritime transport sector towards
decarbonization 2050 as it is a successful in automobile transport sector.
This project helps to Establish Marine Fuels and lubricants research lab and
promotes Research and startups in Indian Maritime University, Chennai 6
Campus
 Dr. Vineet Saini, Scientist F, DST said that lot of similar studies have
been going on in this field and suggested that in case the study
exclusively has focus on marine sector then with consideration of
patent issue and the user agencies have to be considered in Port
and Shipping Sector before further consideration.
Ans) Agreed to the point that similar studies are going on in the field of
vegetable oil lubricants and patents are also existing. However very
limited research and few patents are available regarding the formulation
of vegetable lubricants doping nano particles. But till now there is no
commercialisation of vegetable oil lubricants with nano particles by any oil
agencies/ research groups. HPCL India, has successfully commercialised
doping the nano particles with mineral oils only for 2 wheeler automobiles.
Hence there is a lot of scope to do research in formulating the vegetable
based lubricants by applying nano technology. Though Chevron has
products of gear lubricants prepared from synthetic oils for marine
applications but these products are formulated without doping nano
particles. Hence the present research project will focus mainly on this gap
and will formulate a suitable additive package for synthetic lubricants with
nano particles for Marine Applications.
Ans).The objective of the project work is to formulate the biobased vegetable

gear oil lubricants for Marine Applications . The study will be done to meet the
specifications of Marine lubricants ISO 6743
Ans).All the IP activity in this project belongs to the Indian Maritime University
& Funding agency MoPSW. 7
ANNEXURE
PROJECT PROPOSAL REVIEWERS COMMENTS
SHIPPING CORPORATION OF INDIA,SCI
The shipping companies like SCI are end users of gear oils used for
gearboxes, reduction gears etc as recommended by OEMs which are
mainly made of mineral oils, synthetic oils or blends. Shipping
companies have to ensure its safe disposal after use which is
subject to environmental regulations. Development of cost effective
bio-degradable environmental friendly lubricants through renewable
sources like vegetable oil meeting the intended technical
requirements is a good idea and may be explored / researched.
DIRECTOR GENERAL OF SHIPPING , DGS

Synthesis, characterization and Application of doped Titanium nano
Metal Oxide additives in bio-based vegetable gear oil lubricant:
The project proposal by IMU has promising deliverables. However, there
are some limitations and areas that could be expanded upon to enhance
the scope and application ty of the research.1,Synthesis
Specificity,2.Stability and Compatibility,3.Tribological Testing
Scope,4.Environmental Impact.
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (DST)

Given views on surface Engineering, antifouling coating technology 8
RESEARCH GAPS
 Biodegradable universal tractor transmission oil (UTTO) based on
the vegetable oils rapeseed oil, sunflower and soya .[Ester based oils
show lower friction coefficient than higher additivated mineral based oils, but
promote higher wear.]
 HPCL has launched Nano particle based Lubricating oils, viz., HP

Numaro Uno in Engine oils category and HP Rhino XP 80W90 in
Gear oil category[ but this gear oil is formulated based on Mineral oils]
 Clarity® Synthetic EA Gear Oil 100, is marketed by Chevon as

High performance biodegradable EPA and VGP-compliant gear oil
for marine applications [this oil product is without nano particles].
 Synthetic high VI gear oil of ISO VG 220 Pinnacle® Marine Gear

220 by Chevron [ this oil product is without nano particles]
In the event of a spill, the product biodegrades by more than

60% within 28 days.
: Report Id : RND_001193
9
EXPERIMENT SET UP - GEAR TEST RIG
1. Electro Motor
2. Test Gear box
3. Generator for electrical loading
4. Brake
10
PATENT
11
Project cost:49.30lakhs
Sanctioned : 2013 12
Completed : 2016
PI- PRIOR RESEARCH
13
14

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Email Shubham Asrani

From : Ramji Singh <dddw-psw@gov.in> Wed, Jun 05, 2024 02:48 PM

(Ramji Singh) / (रामजी सिंह)

Good Afternoon SIr,

Dr.YVVSN Murthy, M.E(Marine Engg) PhD(Marine Engg) EDP (Maritime Law)

On Mon, Jun 3, 2024 at 4:23 PM Ramji Singh <dddw-psw@gov.in> wrote:

(i) Name of the proposal

(Ramji Singh) / (रामजी सिंह)

(Ramji Singh) / (रामजी सिंह)

Minsistry of shipping -Revised 05-06-2024 Project Proposal on Vegetable GEAROIL Lubricant.docx

Dr.YVVSN Murthy-IMU-11th June 2024 -presentation.pptx

(i) Name of the proposal

(Ramji Singh) / (रामजी सिंह)

From: "Ramji Singh" <dddw-psw@gov.in>

(Ramji Singh) / (रामजी सिंह)

From : m kamsuan <m.kamsuan@govcontractor.in> Thu, May 30, 2024 12:58 PM

Thanks & Regards,

From: "Ramji Singh" <dddw-psw@gov.in>

(Ramji Singh) / (रामजी सिंह)

From : Ramji Singh <dddw-psw@gov.in> Thu, May 30, 2024 12:12 PM

(Ramji Singh) / (रामजी सिंह)

Project proposal for

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS OF

Research Funding (Individual Centric)

INDIAN MARITIME UNIVERSITY

S.No ITEMS Page

4 Bio-Data of the Principal Investigator/ Co- 33

6 Undertaking from the Principal 49

7 Endorsement from Head of the Organization 50

1. Project Title:Synthesis, Characterization For office use

8. Project Objectives (In bullet form)

 To synthesize titanium doped nano metal oxides using metal nitrates

 To conduct vibration analysis for lubricant performance.

9. Deliverables (In bullet form)

12. List of Equipment with Cost: 33.0 lakhs

5. Total Budget for the Project: Rs.55,72,800 (Rupees Fifty

6. Objectives(In bullet form):To synthesize titanium doped nano metal

 Characterization of synthesized titanium doped metal oxide using

8. Outcome/ Deliverables and their Expected Impact(In bullet form):

 To synthesize and characterize the Titanium doped nano metal oxide

Many developed Countries like Austria, Canada, Japan, Hungary

1. Title of the Project: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of

3. Names of participating Organizations: Indian Maritime University

4. Objectives of the Proposal(precise and preferably quantified; use Bullet Form)

4.1 Overall Development Objectives:

 To synthesize and characterize the Titanium doped metal oxide

4.2 Intermediate Objectives(corresponding to each milestone)

5. Fulfillment of Technology Qualifiers’ Criteria:

6. Critical Review of R,D&E Scenario(include references)identifying

Literature on Bio lubricants (with emphasis on Gear oils)

Effect of Nano Particle Additives

6.1 National Status Review

India imports more than 50% of its requirements of vegetable

Ref: Report Id : RND_001193

Studies involving the use of bio based lubricants as engine oils or as

1. Study of physical and chemical of pure and blended vegetable

 Nanoparticle additives in lubricants

7. Origin and Justification of the Proposal