SB Test Bank Chapter 05

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SB-Test-Bank-Chapter 05
statistics for business (UEH-International School of Business)
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Chap 5
ANSWER KEY
40. Events A and B are mutually exclusive when:
A their joint probability

. is zero.
B they are independent
. events.
C P(A)P(B)
. =0
D P(A)P(B) = P(A
. | B)
Review definition of mutually exclusive.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 05-03 Apply the definitions and rules of probability.
Topic: Rules of Probability
41. If two events are complementary, then we know that:
A the sum of their probabilities

. is one.
B the joint probability of the two
. events is one.
C their intersection has a nonzero
. probability.
D they are independent
. events.
Review definition of complementary events.

Blooms: Remember
42. Regarding probability, which of the following is correct?
A When events A and B are mutually exclusive, then P(A∩B) =

. P(A) + P(B).
B The union of events A and B consists of all outcomes in the sample space that
. are contained in both event A and event B.
C When two events A and B are independent, the joint probability of the events
. can be found by multiplying the probabilities of the individual events.
D The probability of the union of two events can
. exceed one.
Review the rules of probability.

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Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: 05-05 Determine when events are independent.
Topic: Independent Events
43. Independent events A and B would be consistent with which of the following
statements:
A P(A) = .3, P(B) = .5,

. P(A∩B) = .4.
B P(A) = .4, P(B) = .5,
. P(A∩B) = .2.
C P(A) = .5, P(B) = .4,
. P(A∩B) = .3.
D P(A) = .4, P(B) = .3,
. P(A∩B) = .5.
For independence, the product P(A)P(B) must equal P(A∩B).

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 1 Easy
44. Find the probability that either event A or B occurs if the chance of A occurring is .5,
the chance of B occurring is .3, and events A and B are independent.
A .
. 8
0
B .
. 1
5
C .
. 6
5
D .
. 8
5
Given that the events are independent, the product P(A)P(B) must equal P(A∩B).
Thus, P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B) = .50 + .30 - (.50)(.30) = .80 - .15 = .65
using the General Law of Addition.

Blooms: Apply
45. Regarding the rules of probability, which of the following statements is correct?
A If A and B are independent events, then P(B) =

. P(A)P(B).
B The sum of two mutually exclusive

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. events is one.
C The probability of A and its complement will
. sum to one.
D If event A occurs, then its complement will
. also occur.
Review the rules of probabilities.

Blooms: Remember
46. Within a given population, 22 percent of the people are smokers, 57 percent of the
people are males, and 12 percent are males who smoke. If a person is chosen at
random from the population, what is the probability that the selected person is
either a male or a smoker?
A .
. 6
7
B .
. 7
9
C .
. 2
2
D .
. 4
3
Use the General Law of Addition P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B).

Blooms: Apply
47. Information was collected on those who attended the opening of a new movie. The
analysis found that 56 percent of the moviegoers were female, 26 percent were
under age 25, and 17 percent were females under the age of 25. Find the
probability that a moviegoer is either female or under age 25.
A .
. 7
9
B .
. 8
2
C .
. 6
5
D .
. 5
0

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Use the General Law of Addition P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B).

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
48. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(V).
A .
. 2
0
B .
. 4
0
C .
. 5
0
D .
. 8
0
This is a marginal probability P(V) = 40/200 = .20.

Blooms: Apply
Learning Objective: 05-06 Apply the concepts of probability to contingency tables.
Topic: Contingency Tables
49. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(V | W).
A .
. 40
00
B .
. 09
50
C .
. 23

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75
D .
. 58
75
This is a conditional probability P(V|W) = 19/80.

Blooms: Apply
50. Given the contingency table shown here, find the probability P(V´), that is, the
probability of the complement of V.
A .
. 3
0
B .
. 5
0
C .
. 8
0
D .
. 1
5
Calculate the probability of the complement of V by subtracting from its marginal

probability P(V) = 40/200 to get P(V´) = 1 - P(V) = 1 - 40/200.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
51. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(W∩S).
A .
. 1
2

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B .
. 3
0
C .
. 4
0
D .
. 5
8
This is a joint probability P(W and S) = 24/200.

Blooms: Apply
52. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(A or M).
A .
. 25
00
B .
. 75
00
C .
. 62
50
D .
. 12
50
Use the General Law of Addition P(A or M) = 100/200 + 50/200 - 25/200.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
53. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(A2).
A .

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. 18
42
B .
. 17
66
C .
. 81
63
D .
. 05
78
This is a marginal probability: P(A2) = 86/467.

Blooms: Apply
54. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(A3∩B2).
A .
. 32
12
B .
. 29
33
C .
. 09
42
D .
. 10
06
This is a joint probability: P(A3 and B2) = 44/467.

Blooms: Apply
55. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(A2 | B3).

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A .
. 06
85
B .
. 18
93
C .
. 37
21
D .
. 18
42
This is a conditional probability: P(A2|B3) = 32/169.

Blooms: Apply
56. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(A1 or B2).
A .
. 09
33
B .
. 31
82
C .
. 03
00
D .
. 38
54
Apply the General Law of Addition: P(A1 or B2) = 44/467 + 150/467 - 14/467.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
57. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(A1∩A2).

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A .
. 0
0
B .
. 0
9
C .
. 2
8
D .
. 3
8
This is a joint probability. The important thing here is that events A1 and A2 are
mutually exclusive and so both events cannot occur.

Blooms: Apply
58. Given the contingency table shown here, find the probability that either event A2 or
event B2 will occur.
A .
. 44
54
B .
. 50
54
C .
. 06
00
Use the General Law of Addition: P(A2 or B2) = 86/467 + 150/467 - 28/467.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
59. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(B).

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A .
. 8
5
B .
. 2
5
C .
. 4
5
D .
. 2
2
This is a marginal probability: P(B) = 90/200.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 1 Easy
60. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(A or B).
A .
. 2
5
B .
. 8
5
C .
. 6
0
D .
. 4
2
Use the General Law of Addition: P(A or B) = 80/200 + 90/200 - 50/200.

Blooms: Apply
61. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(B | A]).

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A .
. 2
5
0
B .
. 5
5
5
C .
. 8
5
5
D .
. 6
2
5
This is a conditional probability: P(B|A) = 50/80.

Blooms: Apply
62. Given the contingency table shown here, what is the probability that a randomly
chosen employee who is under age 25 would be absent 2 or more days?
A .
. 6
2
5
B .
. 3
7
5
C .
. 1
5
0
D .
. 2
7
3

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This is a conditional probability: P(B'|A) = 30/80.

Blooms: Apply
63. Oxnard Casualty wants to ensure that their e-mail server has 99.98 percent
reliability. They will use several independent servers in parallel, each of which is 95
percent reliable. What is the smallest number of independent file servers that will
accomplish the goal?
A 1
.
B 2
.
C 3
.
D 4
.
1 - P(F1∩F2∩F3) = 1 - (.05) (.05) (.05) = 1 - .000125 = .999875, so 3 servers will do.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
64. Given the contingency table shown here, does the decision to retire appear
independent of the management type?
Survey question: Do you plan on retiring or keep working when you turn 65?
A Y
. e
s.
B N
. o
.
Does the product of the marginal probabilities equal their joint probability? This can
be checked by asking whether P(M and R) = P(M) P(R). In this example, because
(31/124)(52/124) = 13/124, we can see that M and R are independent events.

Blooms: Apply

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65. Given the contingency table shown here, find the probability that a randomly
chosen employee is a line worker who plans to retire at age 65.
A .
. 2
2
7
B .
. 4
1
9
C .
. 7
5
0
D .
. 3
1
5
This is a joint probability: P(L and R) = 39/124.

Blooms: Apply
66. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(R∩L).
A .
. 2
5
0
B .
. 3
1
5
C .
. 4
2
5
D .

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. 8
5
0
This is a joint probability: P(R∩L) = 39/124.

Blooms: Apply
67. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(W | M).
A .
. 1
4
5
B .
. 2
5
0
C .
. 5
8
1
D .
. 6
8
7
This is a conditional probability: P(W | M) = 18/31.

Blooms: Apply
68. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(L or W).
A .
. 7
5

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0
B .
. 5
8
8
C .
. 4
3
5
D .
. 8
9
5
Use the General Law of Addition: P(L or W) = 93/124 + 72/124 - 54/124.

Blooms: Apply
69. Ramjac Company wants to set up k independent file servers, each capable of
running the company's intranet. Each server has average "uptime" of 98 percent.
What must k be to achieve 99.999 percent probability that the intranet will be
"up"?
A 1
.
B 2
.
C 3
.
D 4
.
1 - P(F1∩F2∩F3) = 1 - (.02)(.02)(.02) = 1 - .000008 = .999992, so 3 servers will do.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
70. Given the contingency table shown here, what is the probability that a mother in
the study smoked during pregnancy?
A .
. 25

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91
B .
. 31
74
C .
. 50
00
D .
. 74
01
This is a marginal probability: P(smoked) = 1122/4331.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 1 Easy
71. Given the contingency table shown here, what is the probability that a mother
smoked during pregnancy if her education level was below high school?
A .
. 23
85
B .
. 09
07
C .
. 35
03
D .
. 38
04
This is a conditional probability: P(smoked | below high school) = 393/1033.

Blooms: Apply
smoked during pregnancy and had a college degree?

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A .
. 01
11
B .
. 04
28
C .
. 08
03
D .
. 23
85
This is a joint probability: P(smoked and college) = 48/4331.

Blooms: Apply
smoked during pregnancy or that she graduated from college?
A .
. 01
11
B .
. 25
91
C .
. 38
61
D .
. 78
50
Use the General Law of Addition: 1122/4331 + 598/4331 - 48/4331.

Blooms: Apply

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Difficulty: 3 Hard
74. Given the contingency table shown here, if a mother attended some college but did
not have a degree, what is the probability that she did not smoke during her
pregnancy?
A .
. 27
36
B .
. 83
99
C .
. 87
52
D .
. 91
97
This is a conditional probability: 635/756.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
75. Given the contingency table shown here, find the probability that a mother with
some college smoked during pregnancy.
A .
. 10
78
B .
. 17
46
C .
. 16
01

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D .
. 11
17
This is a conditional probability: 121/756.

Blooms: Apply
76. Given the contingency table shown here, if a survey participant is selected at
random, what is the probability he/she is an undergrad who favors the change to a
quarter system?
A .
. 2
7
0
B .
. 1
3
5
C .
. 3
3
8
D .
. 7
5
6
This is a joint probability: P(U and S) = 27/200.

Blooms: Apply
77. Given the contingency table shown here, if a faculty member is chosen at random,
what is the probability he/she opposes the change to a quarter system?
A .
. 1

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0
B .
. 2
5
C .
. 4
0
D .
. 6
0
This is a marginal probability: P(N | F) = 20/50 = .40.

Blooms: Apply
78. Given the contingency table shown here, what is the probability that a participant
selected at random is a graduate student and opposes the change to a quarter
system?
A .
. 1
3
5
B .
. 2
5
0
C .
. 3
7
5
D .
. 5
4
0
This is a joint probability: P(G and N) = 27/200.

Blooms: Apply
79. Given the contingency table shown here, what is the probability that a student
attends a public school in a rural area?

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A .
. 2
3
8
B .
. 7
1
4
C .
. 1
3
5
D .
. 5
6
7
This is a marginal probability.
/
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 1 Easy
80. Given the contingency table shown here, if a randomly chosen student attends a
religious school, what is the probability the location is rural?
A .
. 1
4
2
B .
. 1
6
2
C .
. 1
6
7
D .
. 3
3

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This is a conditional probability: P(R | L) = 5/30 = .167.

Blooms: Apply
81. Given the contingency table shown here, if a randomly chosen student attends
school in an inner-city location, what is the probability that it is a public school?
A .
. 1
8
9
B .
. 3
3
3
C .
. 5
0
0
D .
. 5
6
7
This is a conditional probability: P(P | I) = 35/70 = .500.

Blooms: Apply
82. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(E).
A .
. 1
8
0
B .

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. 3
0
0
C .
. 5
2
9
D .
. 6
4
1
This is a marginal probability: P(E) = 300/1000 = .300.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 1 Easy
83. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(E | F).
A .
. 1
6
0
B .
. 3
0
0
C .
. 3
4
0
D .
. 5
3
3
This is a conditional probability: P(E | F) = 160/470 = .340.

Blooms: Apply
84. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(A∩M).

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A .
. 2
1
0
B .
. 3
6
0
C .
. 3
9
6
D .
. 5
8
3
This is a joint probability: P(A∩M) = 210/1000 = .210.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 1 Easy
85. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(F or G).
A .
. 1
6
0
B .
. 4
7
0
C .
. 6
5
0
D .
. 8
1
0
Use the General Law of Addition: P(F or G) = 470/1000 + 340/1000 - 160/1000.

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Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
86. Given the contingency table shown here, find the probability that a randomly
chosen individual is a female and economics major.
A .
. 34
04
B .
. 47
00
C .
. 16
00
D .
. 53
33
D
This is a joint probability: P(F and E) = 160/1000 = .16.

Blooms: Apply
87. Debbie has two stocks, X and Y. Consider the following events:
X = the event that the price of stock X has increased

Y = the event that the price of stock Y has increased
The event "the price of stock X has increased and the price of stock Y has not
increased" may be written as
A X
. ′∩
Y
B X
. or
Y′
C X
. ∩
Y′
D X
. or
Y

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This is a joint probability that also entails the notation for an event's complement.

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 1 Easy
88. If P(A | B) = 0.40 and P(B) = 0.30, find P(A∩B).
A .
. 1
7
1
B .
. 5
2
5
C .
. 5
7
1
D .
. 1
2
0
Use the definition for conditional probability.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
89. A company is producing two types of ski goggles. Thirty percent of the production is
of type A, and the rest is of type B. Five percent of all type A goggles are returned
within 10 days after the sale, whereas only two percent of type B are returned. If a
pair of goggles is returned within the first 10 days after the sale, the probability that
the goggles returned are of type B is:
A .
. 0
1
4.
B .
. 1
4
0.
C .
. 0
7
0.
D .
. 4
8
3.

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Review Bayes' Theorem, and perhaps make a table or tree.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 05-08 Use Bayes' Theorem to calculate revised probabilities.
Topic: Bayes' Theorem
90. Given the contingency table shown here, find the joint probability that a call
sampled at random out of this population is local and 2-5 minutes long.
A .
. 50
00
B .
. 31
25
C .
. 40
00
D .
. 46
25
This is a joint probability. You must add the column frequencies.

Blooms: Apply
91. Given the contingency table shown here, if a call is sampled at random, find the
marginal probability that the call is long distance.
A .
. 37
50
B .
. 62
50
C .
. 40
00

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D 300/
. 500
You must first add the column frequencies.

Blooms: Apply
92. If a call is sampled at random, the conditional probability that the call is not "6+"
minutes long given that it is a long distance call is:
A 120/
. 300.
B 10/3
. 00.
C .
. 96
67.
D .
. 66
67.
Calculate the conditional probability 1 - 10/300 = .9667.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
93. The following table gives a classification of the 10,000 shareholders of Oxnard
Xylophone Distributors, Inc. A few numbers are missing from the table. Given that a
shareholder holding 500-999 shares is picked, there is a 0.625 probability that the
shareholder will be a woman. Consequently, what is the number of men holding
1000 or more shares?
A 1,
. 00
0
B 2
. 5

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0
C 7,
. 50
0
D 5
. 0
0
Multiply by the column total and subtract to fill in the remaining frequencies.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
94. In any sample space P(A | B) and P(B | A):
A are always equal to one

. another.
B are never equal to one
. another.
C are reciprocals of one
. another.
D are equal only if P(A) =
. P(B).
Use the definition of conditional probability.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
95. If P(A∩B) = 0.50, can P(A) = 0.20?
A Only if P(A | B) =
. 0.10
B Not unless P(B) =
. 0.30
C Only if P(B∩A) =
. 0.60
D If P(A) = 0.20, then P(A∩B) cannot
. equal 0.50.
The given information contains a contradiction, because P(A∩B) cannot exceed P(A).

Blooms: Apply
96. The following relationship always holds true for events A and B in a sample space.
A P(A | B) = P(B

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. | A)
B P(A∩B) = P(A | B)
. P(B)
C P(A | B) = P(B | A)
. P(A)
Use the definition of conditional probability: P(A | B) = P(A∩B)/P(B).

Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 3 Hard
97. The following probabilities are given about events A and B in a sample space: P(A)
= 0.30, P(B) = 0.40, P(A or B) = 0.60. We can say that:
A P(A∩B) =
. 0.70.
B P(A) =
. P(A∩B).
C P(A∩B) =
. 0.10.
D A and B are independent
. events.
Apply the General Rule of Addition: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B).

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
98. If P(A) = 0.35, P(B) = 0.60, and P(A or B) = 0.70, then:
A A and B are mutually

. exclusive.
B P(A∩B)
. = .15.
C P(A∩B)
. = .25.
D P(A∩B)
. = .35.
Apply the General Rule of Addition: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B).

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
99. The following table shows the survival experience of 1,000 males who retire at age
65:

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Based on these data, the probability that a 75-year-old male will survive to age 80
is:
A 0.
. 59
6
B 1 - 0.596 =
. 0.404
C 1 - 0.775 =
. 0.225
D 0.
. 76
9
Given that 775 have survived to 75, the probability is 596 divided by 775.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
100 Given the contingency table shown here, find P(G | M).
.
A .
. 18
00
B .
. 04
50
C .
. 33
33
D .
. 13
50
This is a conditional probability: P(G | M) = 18/54.

Blooms: Apply

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101 Given the contingency table shown here, find P(V or S).
.
A .
. 38
25
B .
. 43
00
C .
. 04
75
D .
. 47
75
Use the General Rule of Addition: P(V or S) = 72/400 + 100/400 - 19/400.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
102 Given the contingency table shown here, find P(V | S).
.
A .
. 26
39
B .
. 19
00
C .
. 04
75
D .
. 41

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44
This is a conditional probability: P(V | S) = 19/100.

Blooms: Apply
103 The manager of Ardmore Pharmacy knows that 25 percent of the customers
. entering the store buy prescription drugs, 65 percent buy over-the-counter drugs,
and 18 percent buy both types of drugs. What is the probability that a randomly
selected customer will buy at least one of these two types of drugs?
A .
. 9
0
B .
. 8
5
C .
. 7
2
D .
. 6
5
Use the General Rule of Addition: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B) = .25 + .65 - .18.

Blooms: Apply
104 Two events are complementary (i.e., they are complements) if:
.
A the sum of their probabilities

. equals one.
B they are disjoint and their probabilities
. sum to one.
C the joint probability of the two events
. equals one.
D they are independent events with equal
. probabilities.
Review rules of probability.

Blooms: Remember
105 Which statement is false?

.

lOMoARcPSD|36243665
A If P(A) = .05, then the odds against event A's occurrence

. are 19 to 1.
B If A and B are mutually exclusive events, then P(A
. or B) = 0.
C The number of permutations of five things taken two at
. a time is 20.
Review rules of probability and counting rules.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
106 The number of unique orders in which five items (A, B, C, D, E) can be arranged is:
.
A 5
. .
B 8
. 4
0
.
C 1
. 2
0
.
D 2
. 4
.
Apply rules of counting: 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 05-09 Apply counting rules to calculate possible event arrangements.
Topic: Counting Rules
107 If four items are chosen at random without replacement from seven items, in how
. many ways can the four items be arranged, treating each arrangement as a
different event (i.e., if order is important)?
A 3
. 5
B 8
. 4
0
C 5
. 0
4
0
D 2
. 4
This is 7P4.

lOMoARcPSD|36243665

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
108 How many ways can we choose three items at random without replacement from
. five items (A, B, C, D, E) if the order of the selected items is not important?
A 6
. 0
B 1
. 2
0
C 1
. 0
D 2
. 4
This is 5C3.

Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
109 The value of 6C2 is:

.
A 1
. 5
.
B 3
. 0
.
C 7
. 2
0
.
D 1
. 2
.
Apply the formula for combinations.

Blooms: Remember
110 The value of 4P2 is:

.
A 8
. .
B 6
. .

lOMoARcPSD|36243665
C 2
. 4
.
D 1
. 2
.
Apply the formula for permutations.

Blooms: Remember
111 The probability that event A occurs, given that event B has occurred, is an example
. of:
A a marginal
. probability.
B a conditional
. probability.
C a joint
. probability.
D more than one of the
. above.
Review definition of conditional probability.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
112 If each of two independent file servers has a reliability of 93 percent and either
. alone can run the website, then the overall website availability is:
A .
. 99
51.
B .
. 86
49.
C .
. 93
00.
D .
. 95
22.
Follow the textbook example of reliability for independent events.

Blooms: Remember

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113 In a certain city, 5 percent of all drivers have expired licenses, 10 percent have an
. unpaid parking ticket, and 1 percent have both an expired license and an unpaid
parking ticket. Are these events independent?
A N
. o
B Y
. e
s
C Can't tell from given
. information
For independence we would require P(A)P(B) = P(A∩B).

Blooms: Apply
114 In a certain city, 5 percent of all drivers have expired licenses and 10 percent have
. an unpaid parking ticket. If these events are independent, what is the probability
that a driver has both an expired license and an unpaid parking ticket?
A .
. 0
1
0
B .
. 0
0
5
C .
. 0
0
1
D Cannot be
. determined
By independence P(A∩B) = P(A)P(B) = (.05)(.10).

Blooms: Apply
115 If two events are collectively exhaustive, what is the probability that one or the
. other will occur?
A 1
. .
0
0
B 0
. .

lOMoARcPSD|36243665
0
0
C 0
. .
5
0
D Can't tell from given
. information
Review definition of probabilities (collectively exhaustive covers all the possibilities).

Blooms: Apply
116 Which best exemplifies a subjective probability?

.
A The probability that a female age 30 will have an accident in a week's car
. rental at Hertz
B The probability that a pair of dice will come up 7 in a
. given throw
C The probability that the summer Olympic games will be held in
. Chicago in 2020
D The probability that a checked bag on Flight 1872 will weigh more
. than 40 pounds
Subjective probabilities are not based on empirical frequencies.

Blooms: Analyze
Learning Objective: 05-02 Distinguish among the three views of probability.
Topic: Probability
117 Which best exemplifies the classical definition of probability?

.
A The probability that a male age 50 will have an accident in a week's car
. rental at Alamo
B The probability that a pair of dice will come up 7 when
. they are rolled
C The probability that the winter Olympic games will be held in
. Europe in 2022
D The probability that a checked bag on Flight 1872 will weigh more
. than 30 pounds
Classical probability is determined a priori by the nature of the experiment.

Blooms: Analyze
Topic: Probability
118 Which best exemplifies the empirical definition of probability?

.

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A The probability that a Chinese athlete will win the diving competition in the
. next Olympics
B The probability that a fair coin will come up heads when
. it is flipped
C The probability that your own bank will become insolvent
. within 12 months
D The probability that a checked bag on Flight 1872 will weigh less
. than 30 pounds
Empirical probabilities are based on observed frequencies.

Blooms: Analyze
Topic: Probability
119 From the following tree, find the probability that a randomly chosen person will get
. the flu vaccine and will also get the flu.
A .
. 1
0
B .
. 0
7
C .
. 1
9
D .
. 7
0
Multiply down the branch: .70 × .10 = .07.

Blooms: Apply
Learning Objective: 05-07 Interpret a tree diagram.
Topic: Tree Diagrams
120 From the following tree, find the probability that a randomly chosen person will not
. get a vaccination and will not get the flu.

lOMoARcPSD|36243665
A .
. 1
8
B .
. 6
0
C .
. 1
9
D .
. 7
0
Multiply down the branch: .30 × .60 = .18.

Blooms: Apply
121 From the following tree, find the probability that a randomly chosen person will get
. the flu.
A .
. 1
9
B .
. 0
7
C .
. 8
1
D .
. 7

lOMoARcPSD|36243665
Multiply down two branches and add .07 to .12. That is (.70)(.10) + (.30)(.40).

Blooms: Apply
122 At Joe's Restaurant, 80 percent of the diners are new customers (N), while 20
. percent are returning customers (R). Fifty percent of the new customers pay by
credit card, compared with 70 percent of the regular customers. If a customer pays
by credit card, what is the probability that the customer is a new customer?
A .
. 74
07
B .
. 80
00
C .
. 54
00
D .
. 50
00

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard
123 At Dolon General Hospital, 30 percent of the patients have Medicare insurance (M)
. while 70 percent do not have Medicare insurance (M´). Twenty percent of the
Medicare patients arrive by ambulance, compared with 10 percent of the non-
Medicare patients. If a patient arrives by ambulance, what is the probability that the
patient has Medicare insurance?
A .
. 70
00
B .
. 50
00
C .
. 46
15
D .
. 13
00

lOMoARcPSD|36243665

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 3 Hard

SB Test Bank Chapter 05

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40. Events A and B are mutually exclusive when:

A their joint probability

Review definition of mutually exclusive.

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

41. If two events are complementary, then we know that:

A the sum of their probabilities

Review definition of complementary events.

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

42. Regarding probability, which of the following is correct?

A When events A and B are mutually exclusive, then P(A∩B) =

Review the rules of probability.

Downloaded by Thu Nguyen (23004987@student.westernsydney.edu.vn)

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

A P(A) = .3, P(B) = .5,

For independence, the product P(A)P(B) must equal P(A∩B).

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

A If A and B are independent events, then P(B) =

Downloaded by Thu Nguyen (23004987@student.westernsydney.edu.vn)

Review the rules of probabilities.

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

Use the General Law of Addition P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B).

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

Downloaded by Thu Nguyen (23004987@student.westernsydney.edu.vn)

Use the General Law of Addition P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B).

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

48. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(V).

This is a marginal probability P(V) = 40/200 = .20.

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

Downloaded by Thu Nguyen (23004987@student.westernsydney.edu.vn)

This is a conditional probability P(V|W) = 19/80.

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

Calculate the probability of the complement of V by subtracting from its marginal

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

51. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(W∩S).

Downloaded by Thu Nguyen (23004987@student.westernsydney.edu.vn)

This is a joint probability P(W and S) = 24/200.

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

Use the General Law of Addition P(A or M) = 100/200 + 50/200 - 25/200.

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

53. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(A2).

Downloaded by Thu Nguyen (23004987@student.westernsydney.edu.vn)

This is a marginal probability: P(A2) = 86/467.

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

54. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(A3∩B2).

This is a joint probability: P(A3 and B2) = 44/467.

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

Downloaded by Thu Nguyen (23004987@student.westernsydney.edu.vn)

This is a conditional probability: P(A2|B3) = 32/169.

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

57. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(A1∩A2).

Downloaded by Thu Nguyen (23004987@student.westernsydney.edu.vn)

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

59. Given the contingency table shown here, find P(B).

Downloaded by Thu Nguyen (23004987@student.westernsydney.edu.vn)

This is a marginal probability: P(B) = 90/200.

AACSB: Analytical Thinking