Example - Unrestrained Beam With End Moments

Example: Unrestrained beam with end moments
CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX011a-EN-EU Sheet 1 of 7

Title Example: Unrestrained beam with end moments
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1

Made by Arnaud Lemaire Date March 2005
Checked by Alain Bureau Date March 2005

This example gives the details for the verification of a simple beam under
end moments. The beam is laterally restrained at the supports only.
1 1
MA MB= −ψ MA
A B
1 : Lateral restraint
With 0 ≤ ψ ≤ 1
The sign convention for applied moments is positive anticlockwise, as viewed

on the page. Thus the moments in this example are negative at end A and
positive at end B.
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
The convention for internal bending moments is that positive moment induces
compression in the top flange. ψ is the ratio between the internal bending
moments at the two ends and in this example its value is positive.
The beam is a I-rolled profile in bending about the strong axis. It is laterally
restrained at the supports only. This example includes :
- the classification of the cross-section,
- the calculation of bending resistance, including the simplified
method for lateral torsional buckling,
- the calculation of shear resistance,
- the calculation of the deflection at serviceability limit state.
Class 4 cross-sections are not covered.
Partial safety factors

• γG = 1,35 (permanent loads) EN 1990
• γQ = 1,50 (variable loads)
EN 1993-1-1
Created on Wednesday, November 09, 2011
• γM0 = 1,0
§ 6.1 (1)
• γM1 = 1,0


Basic data
Design a non composite beam of a multi-storey building according to the data
given below. The beam is assumed to be laterally supported at the ends only.
• Span length : L = 9,80 m

• End moment (A) due to permanent load :
MG,A = -5 kNm
• End moment (B) due to permanent load :
MG,B = 5 kNm
• End moment at support (A) due to variable load :
MQ,A = -55 kNm
• End moment at support (B) due to variable load :
MQ,B = 35,2 kNm
• Steel grade : S355
Try IPE 500 – Steel grade S355 tf

z Euronorm
19-57
Depth h = 500 mm
Width b = 200 mm tw
Web thickness tw = 10,2 mm y y

h
Flange thickness tf = 16 mm
Fillet r = 21 mm
z
b


Section area A = 115,5 cm2

Second moment of area /yy Iy = 48200 cm4
Second moment of area /zz Iz = 2142 cm4
Torsion constant It = 89,29 cm4
Warping constant Iw = 1249000 cm6
Elastic modulus /yy Wel,y = 1928 cm3
Plastic modulus /yy Wpl,y = 2194 cm3
Radius of gyration /zz iz = 4,31 cm
The self-weight is neglected.
ULS Combination :
Bending moment at support (A) :
-(γG MG,A + γQ MQ,A) = -[1,35 × (-5) + 1,50 × (-55)] = 89,3 kNm EN 1990
§ 6.4.3.2
Bending moment at support (B) :
Expression
γG MG,B + γQ MQ,B = 1,35 × 5 + 1,50 × 35,2 = 59,5 kNm 6.10
Ratio of bending moments at the ends : ψ = 59,5 / 89,3 = 0,666
Moment diagram
A B
Maximum moment occurs at support A :

My,Ed = +89,3 kNm
Shear force diagram
A B
Shear force is constant along the beam :

Vz,Ed = (89,3 – 59,5) / 9,80 = 3,04 kN


Yield strength
Steel grade S355 EN 1993-1-1
2 Table 3.1
The maximum thickness is 16 mm < 40 mm, so : fy = 355 N/mm
Note : The National Annex may impose either the values of fy from the
Table 3.1 or the values from the product standard.
Section classification :
235 EN 1993-1-1
The parameter ε is derived from the yield strength : ε = = 0,81 Table 5.2
f y [N/mm 2 ]
(sheet 2 of 3)
Outstand flange : flange under uniform compression
c = (b – tw – 2 r) / 2 = (200 – 10,2 – 2 × 21) / 2 = 73,9 mm
c/tf = 73,9 / 16 = 4,62 ≤ 9 ε = 7,29 Class 1
Internal compression part : web under pure bending EN 1993-1-1

c = h – 2 tf – 2 r = 500 – 2 × 16 – 2 × 21 = 426 mm Table 5.2
(sheet 1 of 3)
c / tw = 426 / 10,2 = 41,76 < 72 ε = 58,32Class 1
The class of the cross-section is the highest class (i.e. the least favourable)
between the flange and the web, here : Class 1
So the ULS verifications should be based on the plastic resistance of the
cross-section since the Class is 1
Moment resistance
The design resistance for bending of a cross section is given by : EN 1993-1-1
§ 6.2.5
Mc,Rd = Mpl,Rd = Wpl,y fy / γM0 = (2194 × 355 / 1,0) / 1000
Mc,Rd = 778,87 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,Rd = 89,3 / 778,87 = 0,115 < 1 OK
Reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling

To determine the design buckling resistance moment of a laterally
unrestrained beam, the reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling must be
determined. The following calculation determines this factor by a simplified

method for lateral torsional buckling. This method avoids calculating the
elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling.


Non-dimensional slenderness
The non-dimensional slenderness may be obtained from the simplified
method for steel grade S355:
L/iz 980/4,31
λ LT = = = 2,675 See SN002
85 85
For rolled profiles, λ LT,0 = 0,4 EN 1993-1-1

§ 6.3.2.3(1)
Note : The value of λ LT,0 may be given in the National Annex. The
recommended value is 0,4.
So λ LT = 2,675 > λ LT,0 = 0,4
Reduction factor
For rolled sections, the reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling is EN 1993-1-1
calculated from : § 6.3.2.3(1)

⎧ χ LT ≤ 1.0
1 ⎪
χ LT = 2
but ⎨ χ ≤ 1
φLT + φLT
2
− β λ LT ⎪⎩ LT λ 2LT
[ (
where : φLT = 0,5 1 + α LT λ LT − λ LT,0 + β λ LT) 2
]
αLT is the imperfection factor for LTB. When applying the method for rolled EN 1993-1-1
profiles, the LTB curve has to be selected from the table 6.5 : Table 6.5
For h/b = 500 / 200 = 2,5 > 2 use curve c (αLT = 0,49) Table 6.3
λ LT,0 = 0,4 and β = 0,75

Note : The values of λ LT,0 and β may be given in the National Annex. The
recommended values are 0,4 and 0,75 respectively.
We obtain : [
φ LT = 0,5 1 + 0,49 (2,675 − 0,4 ) + 0,75 × (2,675) 2 ] = 3,741
1
and : χ LT = = 0,150
3,741 + (3,741) 2 − 0,75 × (2,675) 2



Then, we check : χLT = 0,150 < 1,0

2
but : χLT = 0,150 > 1 / λ LT = 0,140
So : χLT = 0,140
The influence of the moment distribution on the design buckling resistance EN 1993-1-1
moment of the beam is taken into account through the f-factor : § 6.3.2.3 (2)
[ (
f = 1 − 0,5 (1 − k c )1 − 2 λ LT − 0,8 )]
2
but ≤ 1
EN 1993-1-1
where : ψ = 59,5 / 89,3 = 0,666 Table 6.6
1 1
kc = = = 0 ,9
1,33 − 0 ,33 ×ψ 1,33-0 ,33 × 0 ,666
So : f = 1 – 0,5 (1 – 0,90) [1 – 2 × (2,675 – 0,8)2] = 1,301 ≥ 1 so f = 1,0
We obtain : χLT,mod = χLT / f = 0,140 / 1,0 = 0,140
Design buckling resistance moment

Mb,Rd = χLT,mod Wpl,y fy / γM1
Mb,Rd = (0,140 × 2194000 × 355 / 1,0) × 10-6 = 109 kNm EN 1993-1-1
§ 6.3.2.1
My,Ed / Mb,Rd = 89,3 / 109 = 0,819 < 1 OK
Shear Resistance
In the absence of torsion, the shear plastic resistance depends on the shear
area, which is given by: EN 1993-1-1
Av,z = A – 2 b tf + (tw + 2 r) tf § 6.2.6 (3)
Av,z = 11550 – 2 × 200 × 16 + (10,2 + 2 × 21) × 16 = 5985 mm2
Shear plastic resistance EN 1993-1-1

§ 6.2.6 (2)
Av, z ( f y / 3 ) 5985 × (355 / 3 ) × 10−3
Vpl, z, Rd = = = 1226 kN
γ M0 1,0
Vz,Ed / Vpl,z,Rd = 3,04 / 1226 = 0,002 < 1 OK



Note that the verification to shear buckling is not required when :

hw / tw ≤ 72 ε / η EN 1993-1-1
§ 6.2.6 (6)
η may be conservatively taken as equal to 1,0
hw / tw = (500 – 2 × 16) / 10,2 = 45,9 < 72 × 0,81 / 1,0 = 58,3
Serviceability Limit State verification

SLS Combination EN 1990
§ 6.5.3
Bending moment at support A :
-(MG,A + MQ,A) = -(-5 – 55) = 60 kNm
Bending moment at support B :
MG,B + MQ,B = 5 + 35,2 = 40,2 kNm
Deflection due to end moments :

The maximum deflection is calculated from the values of the end moments
and the beam properties. The position of maximum deflection is given by:
ψ +2
xmax = L
3 + 3(1 + ψ + ψ 2 )
0,67 + 2
xmax = × 9,8 = 4,739 m
3 + 3(1 + 0,67 + 0,67 2 )
The maximum deflection is given by:
MA ⎡ψ − 1 3 1 2 2 +ψ ⎤
w= ⎢⎣ 6 L x max + x max − Lx max ⎥
EI 2 6 ⎦
60 ×106 ⎡ 0,67 − 1 1 2 + 0,67 ⎤
w= 4 ⎢
47393 + 47392 − 9800 × 4739⎥
210000 × 48200 ×10 ⎣ 6 × 9800 2 6 ⎦
= 5,9 mm
This deflection may be expressed as L/1690
Note 1 : The limits of deflection should be specified by the client. The EN 1993-1-1
National Annex may specify some limits. Here the result may be § 7.2.1
considered as fully satisfactory.
Note 2 : Concerning the vibration, the National Annex may specify limits EN 1993-1-1
concerning the frequency. Here the total deflection is so low that § 7.2.3
there is no problem of vibration.

SX011a-EN-EU.doc
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE Example: Unrestrained beam with end moments
Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name Company Date
Created by Arnaud Lemaire CTICM 13/04/05
Technical content checked by Alain Bureau CTICM 13/04/05
Editorial content checked by D C Iles SCI 24/8/05
Technical content endorsed by the

following STEEL Partners:
1. UK G W Owens SCI 7/7/05
2. France A Bureau CTICM 17/8/05
3. Germany A Olsson SBI 8/8/05
4. Sweden C Muller RWTH 10/8/05

5. Spain J Chica Labein 12/8/05
Resource approved by Technical G W Owens SCI 7/7/06

Coordinator
TRANSLATED DOCUIMENT
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Example: Unrestrained beam with end moments

CALCULATION SHEET Document Ref: SX011a-EN-EU Sheet 1 of 7

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1