What is Active Voice?

 When the subject of the sentence performs the action expressed by the
verb then it is Active Voice.
 For Example: “Nisha ate the apple”. Here “Nisha” is the subject
performing the action”ate”.
What is Passive Voice?
 When the subject of the sentence receives the action expressed by the
verb or is acted upon then it is Passive Voice.
 For Example: “The apple was eaten by Nisha.” Here, ” The apple” is the
subject receiving the action “was eaten”.
Active voice defines that the subject is doing the action and the passive
voice refers to that the subject is being acted upon.

Active And Passive Voice Rules For Conversion :

 The object of the active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb.
 The active sentence’s subject becomes the object of the passive
sentence (or is dropped). The finite form of the verb is changed to
past participle or V3 form.
 The preposition “by” is used before the passive object.

Active and Passive Voice Rules For All Tenses:

1. Simple Present/ Past/ Future Tense

 Active:Subject + V1/ V2/ will V1/ shall V1 + object…
 Passive: Object + Is/are/am/was/were/will be/shall be + verb (III forms)
+ by + subject…

2. Present/ Past Continuous Tense

 Active:Subject + Is/are/am/was/were + verb (ing) + object…
 Passive: Object + Is/are/am/was/were + being + verb (III from) + by +
subject…
3. Present/ Past/ Future Perfect Tense
 Active:Subject + has/have/had/shall have/will have + verb (IIIrd form) +
object…
 Passive: Object + has/have/had/shall have/will have + been + verb (IIIrd
form) + by + subject…
NOTE: Generally, there is no voice change with Present Perfect
Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous, Future Continuous, or Future
Perfect Continuous.

4. Interrogative Sentences
Present and Past Tense:
 Structure 1:
Active: Do/does/did + subject + V1 + object….?
Passive: Is/are/am/was/were + object + V3 + by + subject….?
 Structure 2:
Active: Is/are/a/was/were + subject + verb (ing) + object…?
Passive: Is/are/am/was/were + object + being + verb (III from) + by +
subject…?
 Structure 3:
Active: Has/have/had + subject + verb (IIIrd form) + object…
Passive: Has/have/had + object + been + verb (IIIrd form) + by +
subject…
 Structure 4:
Active: Who + verb (s or es)/verb (IInd form) + object…?
Passive: By whom + is/are/am/was/were + object + verb (IIIrd form)?
 Structure 5:
Active: Wh-question word + do/does/did + subject + verb (I form) +
object…?
Passive: Wh-question word + Is/are/am/was/were + object + verb (III
from) + by + subject…?
Future Tense:
 Structure 1:
Active: Shall/ will + subject + verb (Ist form) + object….?
 Passive: Is/are/am Shall/ will + object + be + verb (IIIrd form) + by +
subject….?
 Structure 2:
Active: Shall/ will + subject + have + verb (IIIrd form) + object…
Passive: Shall/ will + object + have + been + verb (IIIrd form) + by +
subject…
 Structure 3:
Active: Who + Shall/ will + V1 + object…?
Passive: By whom + Shall/ will + object + be + verb (IIIrd form)?
 Structure 4:
Active: Wh-question word + Shall/ will + subject + verb (Ist form) +
object…?
Passive: Wh-question word + Shall/ will + object + be + verb (IIIrd
from) + by + subject…?

5. Imperative Sentences
 Positive
 Active: Verb + object
Passive: (i) Let + object + be + past participle
(ii) You are requested/ordered/suggested + to + verb (Ist form) +
object
 Negative
 Active: Do + not + Verb + Object
Passive: (i) Let + object + not + be + past participle
(ii) You are requested/ordered/suggested + not + to + verb (Ist form) +
object

6. “To be” Sentences

 Active: Subject + Is/Are/Am/Was/Were/Has/Have/Had + To + Verb (Ist
form) + Object..
 Passive: Object + Is/Are/Am/Was/Were/Has/Have/Had + To + Be + Verb
(III form) + By + Subject.
7. Verb + Preposition + Object
 Active:Subject + verb + preposition + object…
 Passive: Object + to be + verb (III form) + preposition + by + subject…