M.

EL-FAOURI, MD, FICO, FRCS

MEDICAL DR…
PREVALENCE
DR…
CLASSIFICATION
SEVERE
NPDR
ADVANCED
PDR… NVI
RETINA
(5TH YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS)

DR… RISK FACTORS

PDR… NVD ADVANCED

Poor control of MILD NPDR + NVE PDR… VH
Duration of DM Pregnancy
DM

NORMAL ANATOMY Hyperlipidaemia,

Hypertension Nephropathy smoking,
obesity, anaemia

DIABETIC DR …
MODERATE ADVANCED
NPDR PDR PDR… VH
RETINOPATHY PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
 AGE RELATED
ADVANCED
PDR… TRD DMO DR… PRP MACULAR DRY AMD
DEGENERATION

DMO… OCT AMD… RISK FACTORS

INTRAVITREAL DRY AMD…

INJECTIONS Age Race Heredity GA

NORMAL FFA + OCT

Smoking Hypertension Diet

FFA… PDR Systemic control

Follow up
DR… DRY AMD… DRY AMD…
MANAGEMENT Retinal Laser PPV DRUSEN OCT

Anti-VEGF agents

Surgery (Vitrectomy)
 ANTI-VEGF CRVO COMPLICATIONS

Bevacizumab (Avastin) • Macular Oedema

WET AMD… WET AMD… • Proliferative vasculopathy (NVE, NVD, NVI, NVA) and VH
CNV PED Ranibizumab (Lucentis)
• 100 Day glaucoma (NVG)

Aflibercept (Eylea)
Brolucizumab (Beovu)
Faricimab (Vabysmo)

DRY AMD… MANAGEMENT CRVO… FFA RVO… TREATMENT

WET AMD… • Control systemic condition: Risk factors, Aspirin, Internist review
SUBMACULAR Antioxidant
supplementation (AREDS Lifestyle modification:
RETINAL VASCULAR • Treat eye problems: CMO with Anti- VEGFs and steroids, NVs with laser, and NVG
BLEED 2):Vitamin E,Vitamin C,
Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Zinc,
Copper
Stop smoking, leafy green
diet
Amsler grid
OCCLUSION management + Follow up

Experimental Surgery:
Intraocular miniature
Low vision aids
telescope, macular
translocation, prosthesis

BRVO

Risk factors? CRAO…

• Anti-VEGF intravitreal injections
WET AMD… CRVO CHERRY
• Photodynamic therapy (PDT): Now obsolete
OCT Symptoms? RED SPOT
• Intravitreal tissue Plasminogen Activator + Gas to
WET AMD…
displace a submacular bleed
MANAGEMENT Ischaemic vs non ischaemic
• Surgery (Vitrectomy + Subretinal TPA) for large
submacular bleeds
 CHOROIDAL OCULAR
BRAO MELANOMA TOXOPLASMOSIS

MISCELLANEOUS RETINOBLASTOMA
THANK YOU

Any Questions ?

RETINAL
RP VASCULITIS