The Climate of India

QgoO I Qeackol. ludia's climote is gotetaed by the MoRtooM. Ot SedsoROL, KQi-beoainQ wind. Most o te coats kos tâxee
.Let'Ceatn seosoNS, Sack, ate Gad 1ainy la tlin ckapte., e will od aboat tke dittecat ses0S 0ad thit ethects.

India is a large country. It extends over an area of India's climate is affected by two seasonal winds - the
several thousand square miles. Its climate differs from northeast monsoon and the southwest monsoon. The
state to state. The seasons in the South are different north-east monsoon, commonly known as winter
from those in the North. In the previous lesson, you monsoon blows from land to sea, whereas south-west
have read about the different types of landforms like monsoon, known as summer monsoon blows from sea
mountains, plateaus, plains, etc. in India. These to land after crossing the Indian Ocean, the Arabian
physical features affect the climate of a country in a Sea, and the Bay of Bengal. The south-west monsoon
great way. brings most of the rainfall during a year in the country.
India Climatic Zone MadACINY

This climate is characterized by change of seasons.

MACA ADESH
Indian climatic zone map
India has 'Tropical Monsoon' type of climate. The word
monsoon has been derived from the Arabic word
"Mausim' which means seasonal reversal of the winds
during the course of the year.
Temperature and rainfall are the two major elements
of climate. In India, the distribution of temperature
and rainfall is not uniform. Some places are very hot
during summer and very cold in winter, while others
have equable temperatures.
Some places like Mawsinram and Cherrapunji in
Meghalaya receive heavy rainfal, while places like
Bikaner in Rajasthan receives very low rainfall.
Mawsinram records the highest rainfall not only in
India, but also in the world. Some places have floods
due to heavy rains while others have famine due to no
rainfall.
The following factors influence the climate of our
country:
1.Latitudinal extent
2. Altitude (height above the sea-level)
3. Distance from the sea
4. Direction of mountains
5. Surface winds
Our country has three main seasons-summer Coast and the North-Eastern states receive heavy
season, rainy season and winter season. rainfall. As the monsoon advances it loses its moisture.
Fact File So the amount of rainfall decreases towards the
Changes in the seasons are caused not by the varying distance interior. Rajasthan, Rann of Kuchchh, Deccan Plateau
between Earth and the Sun, but by the tilt of Earth on its axis
and Coromandel Coast remain almost dry during this
during that revolution.
season.
THE SUMMER SEASON
The summer season begins from the month of April
and lasts upto the end of June. The Sun shines at its
brightest and there is intense heat. People perspire all
over. In the day, hot winds, called 'loo', blow and many
people die of heatstroke. People like to wear white
clothes. Kurtas of cotton are the popular articles of
clothing in this season while at home, people like to
remain half-naked. The well-to-do use electric fans
and cool their rooms with electric coolers. The season
makes people lazy. People do not like to work. Hence,
all schools and colleges are closed during these
months. Melons, watermelons, cucumber, etc., are Rainy Season
the special fruits of the season. After the rainy season, the monsoon begins to retreat.
During October and November, there is a period of
transition between hot and humid rainy season and
dry winter season.
THE WINTER SEASON
The winter season starts in November and lasts till
February. During this season, days and nights are cold
in Northern India. December and January are the
coldest months of the year. The coastal areas,
however, remain equable. Mountains are extremely
cold. This is the healthiest part of the year. Digestion is
good during these months and people feel active and
Summer Season
like to work. Woollen clothes, suits, pullovers, etc. are
THE RAINY SEASON used to keep off the cold. The people like to bask in the
Sun in the day and to warm themselves by the fire in
The rainy season starts in June. In some places it starts
the evenings and nights. Those who can afford, use
in July and continues upto September. In this season
electric heaters to heat their rooms. This is the season
the entire country comes under the influence of the
number of vegetables and fruits grow
monsoon winds. These winds blow from the adioinine Or plenty. Alarge
seas towards the land. As monsoon winds are fullof in abundance and even the poor can eat them as they
are cheap. The winter season is very good for tours.
moisture, they cause rainfall in the country.
The Malabar Coast is the first to receive rainfall from
Educational tours are taken out in large numbers even
to the distant parts of the country. People also like to
the monsoons. By mid-July, the monsoon reaches
go out for sight seeing. Alarge number of foreigners
almost all parts of the country. Monsoon rainfall is
visit our country during the winter months. Dry fruits,
accompanied by thunder and lightning. The Western
 (28)&Gôsa
"revri' and 'gazzak' are the delicacies special to this The winter season is generally dry. There is some
season. rainfall in December and January from the cyclonic
depressions in the Northern India. The Tamil Nadu
coast receives most of its rain in this season because
the winds blowing over the Bay of Bengal pick up
moisture before hitting the coastal areas. The high
mountains have snowfall.

Fact File
Depending on place and culture, start and end of winter can be
defined in many ways. Contemporary meteorology takes winter
to be months of June, July and August in Southern Hemisphere
and December, January and February in the Northern
Hemisphere. However many cultures in Europe and East Asia
consider winter to begin in November.
Winter Season

India has'Tropical Monsoon' type of climate.

The south-west monsoon brings most of the rainfall during a year in the country
* In India, the distribution of temperature and rainfall is not uniform.
The summer season begins from the month of April and lasts upto the end of June.
The Malabar Coast is the first to receive rainfall from the monsoons.
* After the rainy season, the monsoon begins to retreat.
* December and January are the coldest months of the year.
The winter season is generally dry.

O0EXERCISETIME O°Ooo00
A. Choose and tik()the correct option :
1. The word mons0on has been derived from the Arabic word
a. 'Mausam' b. 'Mausi' c. "Mansarovar" d. 'Mausim'
2. This climate is characterized by change of
a. months b. days C. seasons d. years
3. Mawsinram records the highest rainfall in the
a. Uttar Pradesh b. world c. Bihar d. India
4. The rainy season starts in
a. June b. August c. January d. September
5. Woollen clothes, suits, pullovers, etc. are used to keep off the
a. temperature b. warmth C. winds d. cold
B. Write Tfortrue or Fforfalse:
1. India's climate remains the same throughout the year.
2. Temperature and rainfall are the two major elements of climate.
3. Bikaner in Rajasthan receives high rainfal.
 Sotd Gtn29)
4. The winter season is a lazy one.
5. December and January are the coldest months of the year.
C. Fill in the blanks :
1. The south-west monsoon brings most of the during a year in the country.
2. In India, the distribution of temperature and rainfall is not
3. Monsoon rainfall is accompanied by and lightning.
4. After the season, the monsoon begins to retreat.
5. Alarge number of visit our country during the winter months.
D. Answer thefollowing questions in brief:
1. Write the names of main seasons of India.
2. Which part of India gets maximum rainfall?
3. Name the special fruits of the summer season.
4. Which factors determine the climate of our country?
S. What does monsoon mean?
E. Answer the following questions in detail :
1. When does the summer season start? What are the special fruits of this season?
2. Describe the winter season.

O" OOoo®O PROJECT TIME OOoo00

PROJECT WORK

1. Our country has three main seasons. Do all other

countries have same seasons? If you think no, give
reasons for it.
2. In an outline map of India, mark the areas having
heavy rainfall.

For the Teacker:Make the students aware about the different seasons in India. Tell them the impotance of
each season.
 Multiple Choice Questions
is between 898 and 900. 8. The smallest 3-digit odd number is
A. 897 B. 901
C. 898 D. 899 A. 209 B. 205
C. 025 D. 509
2. What comes next in the following
sequence? 9. The smallest 3-digit even number is -
318 328 338 ?
A. 348 B. 339 A. 052 B. 520
C. 337 D. 340 C. 950 D. 250

3. 444 is -4+4+4. 10. Rajesh lost one of his chickens. Use the
A. Greater than B. Less than clues below to help him.
C. Equal to D. None of these Clue 1: The digit in the ones place is 5
4. 60 tens is 7 hundreds.
Clue 2: The digit in the tens place is
greater than the digit in the
A. Greater than B. Less than
ones place.
C. Equal to D. None of these
Clue 3:The digit in the tens place
5. Use the following clues to form a 7 more than the digit in the
3-digit number. hundred place.
> The digit in the hundred place is 6 Mark the correct chicken.
more than 2.

> The digit in the tens place in an odd A. 18:

number is greater than 7.
> The digit in the ones place is 2 less
than the digit in the ends place.
The number is B 26
A. 698 B. 672
C. 896 D. 272

6. The greatest 3-digit odd number is 11

A. 920 B. 925
C. 952 D. 902

7. The greatest 3-digit even number is . D.

A. 952 B. 920
C. 950 D. 592

13
Unit-1: Numbers Sense
 11. A boy has drawn a ball from a bag 16. What number is 10 less than 205?
containing balls numbered from 1 to A. 215 B. 195
100. It is found to be 19 more than C. 135 D. 185
the least two digit number. What is the
number? 17. Which of the following statement is
Correct?
1
A. 321< 235
B. 420> 510
C. 725< 638
D. 827> 639

A. 10 B. 19 18. The smallest 3- digit number is :

A. 999 B. 100
C. 29 D. 99
C. 1000 D. 99
12. Golu wrote a number on the black
board i.e., 19. Find the missing number from the
6 following:
597 = 500 + ....... x 10 +7
If it is formed from three different digits,
then which number could be placed in A. 597 B. 97
the gap to make it the biggest number? C. 90 D. 9
A. 0 B. 5 20. Write down the numbers from 1 to 25
C. 9 D. 8 one after the other. Which digit is on
13. Which of the following number has 3 the 25th place?
in tens place? A. 7 B. 5
A. 323 B. 396 C. 3 D. 1
C. 438 D. 943 21. The greatest even number formed by
14. The number having "3" in the hundreds the digits 3, 2 and 1 using only once is:
place, "5"in the ones place and "2"in A. 321 B. 312
the tens place: C. 213 D. 132
A. 352 B. 532 22. Which of the following is the
C. 253 D. 325 predecessor of 390?
15. Which symbol should be writen in A. 389 B. 393
the box below to make the number C. 392 D. 390
sentence correct?
23. Sum of the place values of 4 and 2 in
432 318 234 is :
A. > B. < A. 42 B. 24
C. = D. All the above C. 204 D. 6

B14 International Mathematics Olympiad - Class 2

24. Seventy nine can be written as : 30. Which number has the greatest value
A. 7 + 9 B. 7 + 90 in the hundreds place?
C. 70 + 90 D. 70 + 9 A. 294 B. 682
C. 971 D. 816
25. What number replaces mark in the
following? 31. How many tens form one thousand?
After A. Ten B. Hundred
Before Between
849 851 C. Five D. Nine
A. 800 B. 850 32. How many zeros are there in ten
hundreds?
C. 900 D. 949
A. Three B. Two
26. The number 843 has hundreds. C. Four D. One
A. 15 B. 12
33. One hundred is same as:
C. 8 D. 6
A. 0 tens 10 ones
27. The greatest three digit number among B. 1 tens 10 ones
the following is : C. 10tens 0 ones
A. 987 B. 123 D. 100 tens 0 ones
C. 990 D. 111
34. How many tens are there in 458?
28. Goluhas 387 stamps in his collection. A. 5 B. 45
What is 387 rounded to the nearest 10? C. 58 D. 458
A. 370 B. 380
35. Look at these numbers
C. 390 D) 400
1 35 79 2 4 6 0 8
29. Which is the same as 30 tens? Which number is fifth from the right?
A. 3 ones B. 30 ones A. 9 B. 5
C. 3 hundreds D. 30 hundreds C. 2 D. 4