Gear Train.

Combination of two
or more gears when
they made to mesh
each other to
transmit power
from one shaft to
another.
 Types of Gear Train.
Simple Gear Train
Compound Gear
Train
Riveted Gear train
Epicycle Gear
Train
 Simple Gear Train

When there is only

one gear on each
shaft.
Simple Gear Train

• Multiple gears can be connected together to form a

gear train.

Each shaft carries

only one gear
wheel.
Intermediate gears are
known as Idler Gears.
Why we use idler gear ?
 The only function of
the idler gear is to
change the direction of
rotation.

 It has no affect on the

gear ratio.
 idler gear
Idler gear
Driver

Idler gear

Driven
 Module
t=Number of teeth on the gear
D=Pitch circle diameter,
N=speed in rpm
m=module=D/t
 Module must be same for all gears
otherwise they would not mesh.
 DA DB DC
m= = =
tA tB tC
DA = m t A ; DB = m t B and DC = m tC
 = angular velocity.
D
v = linear velocity ( pitchline) on the pitchcircle. v =  =  r
2

The pitch line velocity v on the pitch circle must be the

same for all the gears, otherwise they would be
slipping.
 DA DB DC
v  A  B  C
2 2 2
 A DA   B DB  C DC
 A m t A   B m t B  C m t C
 A t A   B t B  C t C
or in terms of rev / min
N A t A  N B t B  N C tC
 Input speed
The speed ratio 
Output speed
If gear A is the input and gear C is the output;
N A tC
Speed ratio  
NC t A
NC Speed of driven gear
If  is also called the Train value
N A Speed of driver gear
 Power Transmission
The power transmitted by a torque is given by
2 N Tq
P
60

In an ideal gear box, the input and output

powers are the same so;
2 N1 Tq1 2 N 2 Tq 2
P 
60 60
Tq 2 N1
N1 Tq1  N 2 Tq 2    GR
Tq1 N2
It follows that if the speed is reduced, the torque
is increased and vice versa. In a real gear box,
power is lost through friction and the power
output is smaller than the power input. The
efficiency is defined as:

Power out 2  N 2 Tq 2  60 N 2 Tq 2
  
Power In 2  N1 Tq1  60 N1 Tq1
 Compound Gear Train
When there are
more than one gear
on a shaft,it is
called a
compound gear train
 Compound Gear Train
If two gear wheels are mounted
on a common shaft then it’s a
Compound Gear train.

Driver Compound
Gear

Driven
 Compound Gear train
• For large velocities ratios,
Input
compound gear train
arrangement is preferred.
B
D
• The pitch line velocity of
A and B are the same so: A Output
C

• A tA = B tB Compound Gears
GEAR 'B'
• -as they are simple gears.
GEAR 'A'
GEAR 'D'
• Likewise for C and D,
• C tC = D tD. GEAR 'C'
A B C D
 and 
tB tA tD tC
tB  B tD  D
A  and C 
tA TC
tB  B tD  D
 A  C  
tA tC
 A  C t B t D
 
 B   D t A tC
Since gear B and C are on the same shaft
 B  C Input

 A tB tD B
   GR D
 D t A tC A Output
Since   2    N C

The gear ratio may be Compound Gears

GEAR 'B'
written as :
N In  t B t D GEAR 'A'
   GR GEAR 'D'

N Out  t A tC
GEAR 'C'
 Reverted Gear Train
When the axes of the first
driver and the last driven
are co-axial, then the
gear train is known as
reverted gear train.

 In a reverted gear train, the

motion of the first gear and
the last gear is same.
 Epicyclic Gear Train

Epicyclic means one

gear revolving upon and
around another. The
design involves planet
and sun gears as one
orbits the other like a
planet around the sun.
 Epicyclic Gear Train
A small gear at the
center called the
sun, several
medium sized gears
called the planets
and a large external
gear called the ring
gear.
Epicyclic Gear Train

21
 Epicyclic Gear Train

22
(a) A simple epicyclic gear train; (b) its schematic diagram
 Velocity ratio of
epicyclic gear train

 The following two methods may be used for finding out the
velocity ratio of an epicyclic gear train.

1.Tabular method
2. Algebraic method
 1. Tabular method
TA = Number of teeth on gear A
TB = Number of teeth on gear B.
Suppose that the arm is fixed.
Therefore, the axes of both the gears are also
fixed relative to each other. When the gear A
makes one revolution anticlockwise, the gear B
will make TA / TB
NB / NA = TA / TB
Since NA = 1 revolution, therefore
NB = TA / TB
Assuming the anticlockwise rotation as positive
and clockwise as negative.