CH03 Data Visualization

CH 03 - Data Visualization
Multiple Choice
1. Data-ink is the ink used in a table or chart that

a. does not help in conveying the data to the audience.
b. helps in presenting data when the audience need not know exact values.
c. is necessary to convey the meaning of the data to the audience.
d. increases the non-data-ink ratio.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Data-ink is the ink used in a table or chart that is necessary to convey the meaning of the data
to the audience.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: OVERVIEW OF DATA VISUALIZATION
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
United States - DISC: - Descriptive Statistics
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
DATE CREATED: 1/23/2021 10:16 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 3/19/2021 10:21 AM
2. Deleting the grid lines in a table and the horizontal lines in a chart
a. increases the data-ink ratio. b. decreases the data-ink ratio.
c. increases the non-data-ink ratio. d. does not affect the data-ink
ratio.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Deleting the grid lines increases the data-ink ratio because a larger proportion of the ink used
in the table is used to convey the information (the actual numbers). Similarly, deleting the
unnecessary horizontal lines in the chart increases the data-ink ratio.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
3. In many cases, white space in a chart can improve

a. complexity. b. readability.
c. functionality. d. stability.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: In many cases, white space in a table or chart can improve
readability.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
4. Tables should be used instead of charts when
a. the reader needs relative comparisons of data.

b. there are more than two columns of data.
c. the values being displayed have different units or very different
magnitudes.
d. the reader need not differentiate the columns and rows.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Tables should be used when the reader needs to refer to specific numerical values, when the
reader needs to make precise comparisons between different values and not just relative
comparisons, and when the values being displayed have different units or very different
magnitudes.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TABLES
DATE MODIFIED: 3/28/2021 4:22 PM
5. Which one of the following statements is not true concerning PivotTables in Excel?
a. PivotTables are also known as crosstabulation tables.
b. PivotTables summarize data for two variables.
c. PivotTables are interactive.
d. PivotTables can be built using data arrayed in rows.
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: A useful type of table for describing data of two variables is a crosstabulation, which provides
a tabular summary of data for two variables. Quality ratings are an example of categorical
data, and meal prices are an example of quantitative data. A crosstabulation in Microsoft
Excel is known as a PivotTable. PivotTables in Excel are interactive and may be used to
display statistics other than a simple count of items.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TABLES
6. Fields may be chosen to represent all of the following except ____________ in the body of a PivotTable.
a. rows b. columns
c. values d. filters
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: Fields may be chosen to represent rows, columns, or values in the body of the PivotTable
Report.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: TABLES
7. A _____________ is a graphical presentation of the relationship between two quantitative variables.

a. histogra b. bar chart
m
c. pie chart d. scatter chart
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: A scatter chart is a graphical presentation of the relationship between two quantitative
variables.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: CHARTS

8. __________ are visual methods of displaying data.
a. Tables b. Charts
c. PivotTables d. Crosstabs
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Charts are used to display and analyze data.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: CHARTS
9. The software package most commonly used for creating simple charts is
a. Excel. b. XLMiner.
c. SAS. d. R.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Excel is the most commonly used software package for creating simple charts.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: CHARTS
10. A _____________ is a line that provides an approximation of the relationship between the variables.
a. line chart b. sparkline
c. trendline d. gridline
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: To obtain an approximate relationship between the variables, we add a trendline on a scatter
chart.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: CHARTS

11. The following image is a
a. sparkline.
b. trendline.
c. gridline.d. line chart.
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: Line charts are similar to scatter charts, but a line connects the points in the chart. Line charts
are very useful for time series data collected over a period of time (minutes, hours, days,
years, etc.).
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: CHARTS
12. DJ needs to display data over time. Which of the following charts should he use?
a. Scatter chart b. Pie chart

c. Bar chart d. Line chart
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: Line charts are very useful for time series data collected over a period of time (minutes, hours,
days, years, etc.). The line chart connects the points of the scatter chart. The addition of lines
between the points suggests continuity, and it is easier for the reader to interpret changes over
time.
POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: CHARTS
13. A time series plot is also known as a
a. boxplot. b. frequency graph.

c. dot plot d. line chart.
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: Line charts are very useful for time series data collected over a period of time (minutes, hours,
days, years, etc.). Such line charts are often called time series plots.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: CHARTS
14. A line chart that has no axes but is used to provide information on overall trends for time series data is called a
a. time series plot. b. sparkline.
c. trendline. d. bubble chart.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Sparkline is a minimalist type of line chart that provides information on the overall trends for
time series data.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: CHARTS
15. The charts that are helpful in making comparisons between categorical variables are

a. bar charts and scatter charts. b. scatter charts and line charts.
c. bar charts and column charts. d. column charts and line charts.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Bar charts and column charts provide a graphical summary of categorical data, and they are
very helpful in making comparisons between categorical variables.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
16. Bar charts use

a. horizontal bars to display the magnitude of the quantitative variable.
b. vertical bars to display the magnitude of the quantitative variable.
c. horizontal and vertical bars to display the magnitude of the quantitative
variable.
d. vertical bars to display the magnitude of the categorical variable.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Bar charts use horizontal bars to display the magnitude of the quantitative
variable.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
17. Making visual comparisons between categorical variables may be difficult in a

a. scatter b. pie chart.
chart.
c. line chart. d. column chart.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Making visual comparisons is much easier in the bar chart than in the pie chart, particularly
when using a limited number of colors for differentiation.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: CHARTS
18. Using multiple lines on a line chart or employing multiple charts is an alternative to a
a. column chart. b. line chart.
c. two-dimensional graph. d. three-dimensional chart.
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: As an alternative for a three-dimensional (3-D) chart, we consider the use of multiple lines on
a line chart or employing multiple charts.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
19. A chart that is recommended as an alternative to a pie chart is a

a. bar chart. b. line chart.
c. stacked column d. box plot.
chart.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Making visual comparisons is much easier in the bar chart than in the pie chart. It is
recommended against using pie charts in most situations and suggested using bar charts for
comparing categorical data instead.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS

20. In order to visualize three variables in a two-dimensional graph, we use a
a. 2-D chart. b. 3-D chart.
c. bubble d. column chart.
chart.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: A bubble chart is a graphical means of visualizing three variables in a two-dimensional graph
and is, therefore, sometimes a preferred alternative to a 3-D graph.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
21. A two-dimensional graph representing the data using different shades of color to indicate magnitude is called a
a. heat map. b. bubble chart.
c. column d. pie chart.
chart.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: A heat map is a two-dimensional graphical representation of data that uses different shades of
color to indicate magnitude. Heat maps depend strongly on the use of color to convey
information over different areas, across time, or both.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: CHARTS
22. To avoid problems in interpreting the differences in color in a heat map, ____________ can be added.
a. a bubble chart b. a pie chart
c. a scatter chart d. sparklines
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: To avoid problems with interpreting differences in color, we can add
sparklines.
POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: CHARTS
23. An effective display of trend and magnitude is achieved by using a combination of a

a. time series plot and b. line chart and trendlines.
sparklines.
c. heat map and sparklines. d. bubble chart and trendlines.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: The combination of a heat map and sparklines is an effective way to display both trend and
magnitude.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
24. A disadvantage of stacked-column charts and stacked-bar charts is that

a. they do not include all the values of the variable.
b. they cannot be used to compare relative values of quantitative variables for the same
category.
c. it can be difficult to perceive small differences in areas.
d. they are only used when many quantitative variables need to be displayed.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: Stacked column and bar charts suffer from the same difficulties as pie charts because the
human eye has difficulty perceiving small differences in areas.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
25. An alternative for a stacked column chart when comparing more than a couple of quantitative variables in each
category is a
a. stacked bar chart. b. clustered column
chart.
c. pie chart. d. clustered bar chart.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Experts often recommend against the use of stacked column bar charts for more than a couple
of quantitative variables in each category. An alternative chart for these same data is called a
clustered column (or bar) chart.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: CHARTS
26. A useful chart for displaying multiple variables is the

a. stacked column and bar chart. b. scatter chart.
c. scatter chart matrix. d. two-dimensional graph.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: A scatter chart matrix is a useful chart for displaying multiple
variables.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
27. To generate a scatter chart matrix, we use

a. native Excel functionality. b. Excel Add-In XLMiner.
c. Excel Add-In MegaStat. d. All of these are correct.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: It is not possible to generate a scatter chart matrix using native Excel functionality. A scatter
chart matrix is generated using the Excel Add-In XLMiner.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
28. To summarize and analyze data with both a crosstabulation and charting, Excel typically pairs
a. PivotCharts with PivotTables.
b. stacked column charts with PivotTables.
c. heat maps with trendlines.
d. bubble charts with trendlines.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: The PivotChart displays the same information as that of the PivotTable, but the column chart
used here makes it easier to compare quantitative variables per category.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
29. A PivotChart, in few instances, is the same as a

a. clustered-column b. bubble chart.
chart.
c. stacked-column chart. d. bar chart.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: The PivotChart is same as a clustered column chart in a study based on a couple of
quantitative variables belonging to the same category.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
30. The best way to differentiate chart elements is using

a. colors. b. labels.
c. bubbles. d. chart titles.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: In many cases, it is preferable to differentiate chart elements with dashed lines, patterns, or
labels.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
31. A __________ is used for examining data with more than two variables, and it includes a different vertical axis for
each variable.
a. scatter plot b. PivotChart
c. column d. parallel-coordinates plot
chart
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: One type of helpful chart for examining data with more than two variables is the parallel-
coordinates plot, which includes a different vertical axis for each variable.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: ADVANCED DATA VISUALIZATION
32. A __________ is useful for visualizing hierarchical data along multiple dimensions.
a. heat map b. hierarchical map
c. treemap d. map of multiple
hierarchy
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: In order to visualize hierarchical data along multiple dimensions, we use a treemap.
POINTS: 1

33. __________ merges maps and statistics to present data collected over different geographies.
a. The heat map b. The geographic information system
c. A geographical map d. The statistical information system
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: The geographic information system (GIS) is a system that merges maps and statistics to
present data collected over different geographies.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
34. A data visualization tool that updates in real time and gives multiple outputs is called
a. a data table. b. a metrics table.
c. the GIS. d. a data dashboard.
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: A data dashboard is a data visualization tool that illustrates multiple metrics and automatically
updates these metrics as new data become available.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: DATA DASHBOARDS
35. In a business, the values indicating the business’s current operating characteristics, such as its financial position, the
inventory on hand, and customer service metrics, are typically known as
a. company performance indicators. b. performance indicators.
c. key performance indicators. d. business performance indicators.
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: In a business, the values such as its financial position, the inventory on hand, customer service
metrics, and the like are often indicative of the business’s current operating characteristics.
These values are typically known as key performance indicators (KPIs).
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
36. We create multiple dashboards

a. to help the user scroll vertically and horizontally to see the entire dashboard.
b. so that each dashboard can be viewed on a single screen.
c. to make sure the KPIs are not displayed in the data dashboard.
d. so that all dashboards can be viewed on a single screen.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Rather than requiring the user to scroll vertically and horizontally to see the entire dashboard,
it is better to create multiple dashboards so that each dashboard can be viewed on a single
screen.
POINTS: 1
37. The data dashboard for a marketing manager may have KPIs related to
a. current sales measures and sales by region.
b. current financial standing of the company.
c. data on the company's call center.
d. overall performance of the company’s stock over the previous 52
weeks.
ANSWER: a

RATIONALE: The KPIs displayed in the data dashboard should convey meaning to its user and be related to
the decisions the user makes. For example, the data dashboard for a marketing manager may
have KPIs related to current sales measures and sales by region.
POINTS: 1
38. Consider the clustered bar chart of the dashboard developed to monitor the performance of a call center:
This chart allows the IT manager to

a. identify how often a problem is related to hardware.
b. identify the frequency of a particular type of problem by location.
c. identify which city contains the most customers.
d. identify the percent of customers who do not have one of the listed problems.
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: The clustered bar chart shows the call volume in the call center by type of problem (Email,
Internet, or Software) for each of three cities in Texas. This chart allows the IT manager to
quickly identify if there is a particular type of problem by location.
POINTS: 1

39. This Excel bar chart displays the demographics of a Business Analysis class. Approximately how many students are
in the class?
a. 175
b. 150
c. 105
d. 130
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: Age Male Female Total
17-22 30 35 65
23-33 10 15 25
34-50 10 20 30
51+ 0 10 10
50 80 130
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: CHARTS
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
40. This bar chart displays the demographics of a Business Analysis class. How many male students are in the class?

a. 30
b. 50
c. 80
d. 130
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: Age Male Female Total
17-22 30 35 65
23-33 10 15 25
34-50 10 20 30
51+ 0 10 10
50 80 130
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: CHARTS
41. Natalie needs to compare the number of employees by job title for the last five years. Which of the following charts
should Natalie use?
a. Scatter chart
b. Bubble chart
c. Clustered-column (bar)
chart
d. Line chart
ANSWER: c
RATIONALE: A clustered-column (bar) chart is a special type of column (bar) chart in which multiple bars
are clustered in the same class to compare multiple variables.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
42. A graphical presentation that uses vertical bars to display the magnitude of quantitative data is known as a
a. scatter chart.
b. bubble chart.
c. clustered column chart.
d. column chart.
ANSWER: d
RATIONALE: A column chart is a graphical presentation that uses vertical bars to display the magnitude of
quantitative data. Each bar typically represents a class of a categorical variable.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: CHARTS
43. The ratio of the amount of ink used in a table or chart that is necessary to convey information to the total amount of
ink used in the table and chart is known as data-ink ratio. Using additional ink that is not necessary to convey information
has what effect on the data-ink ratio?
a. It reduces the data-ink ratio.

b. It increases the data-ink ratio.
c. It doesn't change the data-ink ratio.
d. The data-ink ratio becomes zero.
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Ink used that is not necessary to convey information reduces the data-ink
ratio.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: OVERVIEW OF DATA VISUALIZATIONS


44. Never use a __________ chart when a __________ chart will suffice.
a. 3-D; 2-D
b. 2-D; 3-D
c. color; black and
white
d. bar; pie
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: Never use a 3-D chart when a 2-D chart will suffice.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
45. Which of the following graphs cannot be used to display categorical data?
a. Stacked-column chart
b. Scatter chart
c. Pie chart
d. Clustered-column char
t
ANSWER: b
RATIONALE: A scatter chart is a graphical presentation of the relationship between two
quantitative variables. One variable is shown on the horizontal axis, and the other on the
vertical axis.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS


46. Susan would like to create a graph to display the number of males and females in her class who got an A, B, C, D, and
F on the last test. Which of the following graphs could she use?
a. Stacked-column chart
b. Scatter chart
c. Pie chart
d. Heat map
ANSWER: a
RATIONALE: A stacked-column chart is a special type of column (bar) chart in which multiple variables can
appear on the same bar.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
DATE CREATED: 3/12/2021 1:41 PM
Subjective Short Answer
47. The following table is an example of the profit made by Hydro America, a water servicing company, for five different
years.
Year Total revenue ($) Cost of revenue ($) Gross profit ($)
Year 1 62723201 26256000 36467201
Year 2 67177612 37026005 30151607
Year 3 72648252 35054123 37594129
Year 4 71225185 35187462 36037723
Year 5 75847373 39298243 36549130
Reformat the table to improve readability and to help the manager identify the year with the highest profit.
ANSWER: To improve the readability of the table, we remove unnecessary gridlines, right align the
numerical columns, remove bolded font except for column titles, and add commas to dollar
values to ease readability.
Year Total revenue ($) Cost of revenue ($) Gross profit ($)
Year 1 62,723,201 26,256,000 36,467,201
Year 2 67,177,612 37,026,005 30,151,607
Year 3 72,648,252 35,054,123 37,594,129
Year 4 71,225,185 35,187,462 36,037,723
Year 5 75,847,373 39,298,243 36,549,130
It is now easy to identify Year 3 as the year with the highest profit ($37,594,129).
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: TABLES
QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer
48. Consider the following table and the line chart on the temperatures in 11 different states of the United States.
Temperature
States
(degrees F)
Illinois 76
North Carolina 79
Florida 80
Indiana 80
New Jersey 85
Ohio 83
Pennsylvania 86
Texas 90
Virginia 87
Michigan 91
New York 85
a. What are the problems with the layout and display of this line chart?
b. Create a new line chart for the given data. Format the chart to make it easy to read and interpret.
ANSWER:
a. The chart contains unnecessary gridlines, the y-axis label values are spaced close together,
and the shading of the chart does not add value.
b.
Small markers are added on the line chart at each data point.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: CHARTS
49. The data on the scores obtained by students in five different entrance exams have been collected from 50 colleges
and they are provided below. Create a PivotTable in Excel to display the number of students who took each exam
and the average score for students in each exam.
Exams Scores Exams Scores

SAT 520 MCAT 487
ACT 400 GRE 267
MCAT 580 GMAT 455
GRE 280 SAT 528
GMAT 540 GMAT 536
ACT 356 SAT 469
MCAT 520 GRE 455
GRE 355 MCAT 520
GMAT 480 GRE 489
SAT 574 ACT 455
GRE 396 MCAT 589
GMAT 450 GRE 500
ACT 420 GMAT 500
MCAT 560 SAT 528
GRE 297 GMAT 480
GMAT 520 SAT 475
SAT 489 GMAT 570
GMAT 500 ACT 480
SAT 566 MCAT 567
GRE 451 GRE 546
GMAT 460 GMAT 544
ACT 422 SAT 420
MCAT 550 GMAT 453
GRE 310 SAT 510
ACT 384 GRE 473
a. Which exam did most students attempt?
b. Which exam has the highest average score?
c. Use the PivotTable to determine the exam attempted by the student with the highest score.
What is the exam attempted by the student with the lowest score?
ANSWER:
a. Most students attempted the GMAT exam. The PivotTable shows that the GMAT
exam has the greatest number of students with 13 students.
b. MCAT has the highest average score of 547 (approx.).
c. By changing the Value Field Settings for Scores from Average to Max, we see that
MCAT has the highest score of 589. By changing the Value Field Settings for Scores to Min,
we see that GRE has the least score of 267.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TABLES

50. A local search service company surveys on the number of service centers available in three major cities for different
brands of automobiles with an objective to improve the services to its customers. The data on the 20 automobile brands
and the number of service centers are given below:
Number of
Brands service centers
Audi 38
BMW 42
Mercedes-Benz 49
Rolls-Royce 25
Volkswagen 30
Toyota 30
Jaguar 42
Nissan 35
Ford 41
Fiat 35
Land Rover 34
Chevrolet 29
Ferrari 32
Hyundai 15
Porsche 35
Skoda 42
Tata 20
Honda 23
Renault 40
Subaru 10
a. How many automobile brands have centers between 20 and 29 in these three cities?
b. How many automobile brands have more than 40 centers in these cities?
ANSWER:
We create a PivotTable to summarize the given data using classes 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, and 40-49.

Use “Number of service centers” as the Columns, and use “Count of Number of service
centers” as the Values in the PivotTable. Right-click on the table and use the option Group to
obtain the classes. We see that,
a. 4 automobile brands have centers between 20 and 29 in these cities.
b. 6 brands have centers more than 40.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TABLES
51. A summary on commodities below lists the change in price on a particular day for each commodity belonging to three
categories—Base Metals, Precious Metals, and Agricultural & Cattle Futures.
Commodity Summary
Commodity Type of Commodity Price ($) Change (%)
Aluminum Base metals 1700 0.0750
Gold Precious metals 1229 –0.2300
Corn Agricultural & Cattle Futures 400 0.0125
Silver Precious metals 1975 –0.1800
Aluminum Base metals 1750 –0.1000
Wheat Agricultural & Cattle Futures 640 –0.0425
Soybeans Agricultural & Cattle Futures 1300 –0.1250
Copper Base metals 7012 –0.1700
Platinum Precious metals 1357 –0.1900
Cocoa Agricultural & Cattle Futures 2.8 0.0000
Coffee Agricultural & Cattle Futures 109 –0.0085
Lead Base metals 2065 –0.1000
White Sugar Agricultural & Cattle Futures 450 –0.0900
Sugar 11 Agricultural & Cattle Futures 20.19 –0.0087
Nickel Base metals 13300 –0.2500
Cotton Agricultural & Cattle Futures 77.39 –0.0087
Oranges Agricultural & Cattle Futures 139.62 –0.0040
Tin Base metals 22600 0.3000
Palladium Precious metals 717 –0.0700
Palm oil Agricultural & Cattle Futures 930 0.0500
Zinc Base metals 1800 –0.0100
a. Prepare a PivotTable that gives the frequency count of the data by Commodity Type (rows) and the Change (columns).
Use classes of –0.25 to –0.15, –0.15 to –0.05, –0.05 to 0.05, 0.05 to 0.15, 0.15 to 0.25, and 0.25 to 0.35 for the Change
(%).
b. What conclusions can you draw about the commodity type and the change (%) in price for that particular day?
ANSWER:
a.
b. The Precious metals commodities had the lowest change (%) in price for that
particular day and the Base metals had varied changes between –0.25% and 0.35%.
No commodity of the Agricultural & Cattle futures and the Precious metals had a
change greater than 0.25%.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TABLES

52. The income levels vary by race and educational attainment. To examine this inequality in the income, data have been
collected for seven different years on the median income earned by an individual based on his or her race and education.
Racial Median
Year Demographic Educational attainment Income
2003 White High School Graduate $33,405
2003 White Some college $40,325
2003 White Bachelor's degree $55,225
2003 White Master’s degree $67,295
2003 White Doctorate degree $77,521
2003 Black High School Graduate $25,741
2003 Black Some college $30,517
2003 Black Bachelor's degree $46,851
2003 Black Master’s degree $52,106
2003 Black Doctorate degree $61,523
2003 Asian High School Graduate $33,654
2003 Asian Some college $25,749
2003 Asian Bachelor's degree $51,752
2003 Asian Master’s degree $70,519
2003 Asian Doctorate degree $81,760
2003 Hispanic High School Graduate $22,547
2003 Hispanic Some college $25,403
2003 Hispanic Bachelor's degree $35,482
2003 Hispanic Master’s degree $45,207
2003 Hispanic Doctorate degree $56,217


a. Sort the PivotTable data to display the years with the smallest sum of median income on top and the largest on the
bottom. Which year had the smallest sum of median income? What is the total income in the year with the smallest sum of
median income?
b. Add the Racial Demographic to the Row Labels in the PivotTable. Sort the Racial Demographic by Sum of Median
Income with the lowest values on top and the highest values on bottom. Filter the Row Labels so that only the year 2003
is displayed. Which Racial demography had the smallest sum of median income in the year 2003? Which Racial
demography had the largest sum of median income in the year 2003?
ANSWER:
To sort data in a PivotTable in Excel, right-click any cell in the PivotTable that contains the
data to be sorted and select Sort.
a.
The year 1985 had the smallest sum of median income with $846,845.
b.
Hispanics had the lowest sum of median income and Whites had the highest sum of median
income in the year 2003.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Challenging
REFERENCES: TABLES
53. Consider a study on the number of accidents that occurred in ten U.S. states in different cities for three consecutive
years.
Create a PivotTable in Excel to answer the following questions. The PivotTable should group the number of accidents
into yearly bins and display the sum of accidents that occurred each year in columns of Excel. Row labels should include
the accident locations and allow for grouping the locations into states or viewing by city. You should also sort the
PivotTable so that the states with the greatest number of accidents between 2011 and 2013 appear at the top of the
PivotTable.
State City Number of accidents Year
GA Rock Spring 52 2011
GA Doraville 44 2011
GA Ellaville 67 2011
FL Jacksonville 53 2011
GA Stockbridge 72 2011
FL Belleview 63 2012
AZ Phoenix 69 2011
FL Crestview 51 2012
IA Johnston 48 2012
GA Rockmart 44 2012
CO Greenwood Village 53 2011
GA Jonesboro 54 2011
GA Decatur 76 2013
FL Clearwater 76 2013
GA Gray 57 2012
CA Nevada City 76 2013
FL Milton 61 2011
GA Woodstock 78 2013
GA Cumming 70 2012
GA Statesboro 47 2013
FL Palm Beach 42 2011
CO Greeley 60 2012
FL Sarasota 40 2011
FL Apollo Beach 75 2011
AZ Prescott 40 2012
FL Port St. Lucie 61 2012
GA Atlanta 60 2011
CO Windsor 43 2013
CO Castle Rock 55 2011
GA Clayton 58 2011
FL Tampa 58 2011
GA Jackson 63 2012
GA Franklin 64 2012
GA Macon 71 2011
FL Cocoa Beach 76 2011
GA Valdosta 76 2011
GA Dallas 64 2012
FL Brooksville 41 2013
FL Winter Park 41 2011
AL Birmingham 74 2013
GA East Ellijay 80 2013
GA Cartersville 66 2011
CA San Luis Obispo 57 2011
CA Napa 65 2012
GA Springfield 80 2013
GA Clarkesville 60 2012
CA Palm Springs 69 2011
FL Port Orange 77 2013
GA Watkinsville 48 2012
GA Roswell 65 2013
CO Louisville 62 2012
CO Denver 80 2013
GA McDonough 54 2012
GA Brunswick 48 2013
AZ Scottsdale 75 2011
FL Orlando 41 2013
AR Batesville 60 2011
GA Atlanta 49 2012
GA McCaysville 54 2011
GA Dawsonville 62 2013
FL Coral Gables 53 2011
FL Carrabelle 49 2012
GA Vidalia 66 2013
GA Tifton 73 2011
CA Westminster 68 2011
CA Woodland Hills 72 2013
GA Barnesville 54 2011
GA Gordon 47 2013
FL Tampa 62 2012
FL Jacksonville 68 2013
FL Crawfordville 56 2013
FL Ponte Vedra Beach 50 2013
GA Winder 61 2012
GA Douglasville 51 2011
GA Ellijay 40 2011
FL Bradenton 43 2011
CA Sonoma 67 2012
CA Solvang 65 2013
CA Chico 61 2013
CA Stockton 61 2011
FL Ocala 56 2011
FL Bartow 61 2011
FL Panama City Beach 45 2012
FL Port Saint Joe 68 2011
GA Acworth 42 2013
GA Jasper 48 2011
FL Lantana 72 2012
FL Clewiston 61 2011
FL Aventura 57 2012
FL Miami 67 2012
GA Savannah 46 2012
FL Englewood 63 2012
CA Granite Bay 64 2012
FL Tampa 60 2013
FL Naples 58 2011
FL Fort Lauderdale 57 2012
GA Saint Marys 62 2013
CA San Diego 61 2012
AZ Mesa 70 2012
FL Bonifay 47 2011
CA San Rafael 77 2013
CA Oakland 57 2013
FL Fort Pierce 48 2011
FL Clermont 49 2013
FL Palatka 70 2011
AZ Phoenix 52 2013
GA Cartersville 41 2012
FL Key West 54 2013
GA Carrollton 65 2012
AL Fort Deposit 68 2013
GA Hiawassee 58 2013
GA Ellijay 61 2012
GA Duluth 47 2012
FL Orlando 78 2011
FL Boca Raton 45 2012
CA La Jolla 45 2011
FL Marco Island 78 2012
CA Los Angeles 61 2011
GA Cornelia 75 2011
FL Immokalee 55 2011
GA Carrollton 56 2013
FL Miami 51 2011
CA Santa Monica 54 2011
CA La Jolla 40 2013
AL Irondale 80 2012
FL Panama City 76 2012
GA Atlanta 64 2013
AZ Mesa 41 2011
FL Miami 75 2013
GA Reidsville 77 2011
GA Norcross 52 2013
GA Alpharetta 54 2011
FL Boca Raton 78 2011
CA Newport Beach 55 2012
CA Pasadena 59 2012
AR Bentonville 67 2012
CA San Francisco 41 2013
CA San Diego 57 2013
AZ Phoenix 67 2012
FL Naples 59 2013
GA Lawrenceville 58 2012
FL Ocala 51 2013
CA Bakersfield 68 2011
CO Pueblo 47 2011
AZ Flagstaff 42 2013
IA Sioux City 53 2013
CA Ventura 46 2012
GA Newnan 45 2013
AZ Gilbert 40 2011
AL Montgomery 64 2011
FL Venice 71 2013
FL Sarasota 61 2013
FL Jupiter 66 2012
GA Gray 69 2012
GA Perry 72 2012
GA Macon 40 2012
GA Woodstock 78 2012
GA Suwanee 58 2011
CA Temecula 45 2012
CA Rancho Cucamonga 57 2013
GA Winder 77 2013
CA Irvine 74 2013
GA Newnan 63 2011
GA Villa Rica 67 2012
GA Fayetteville 55 2013
FL Coral Gables 75 2013
CA Calabasas 42 2012
GA Kennesaw 63 2012
CO Greeley 52 2013
CO Colorado Springs 79 2013
GA Commerce 65 2012
FL Cape Coral 69 2013
CA Merced 52 2011
CA Culver City 55 2011
GA McDonough 63 2013
CA Redlands 48 2012
GA Duluth 51 2013
GA Jackson 68 2013
CA Pomona 41 2011
CA Newport Beach 61 2011
GA Loganville 68 2012
FL Tallahassee 60 2012
CA Torrance 42 2013
CT Stamford 70 2011
AR Gravette 44 2013
HI Honolulu 70 2011
a. Which state had the greatest number of accidents between 2011 and 2013?
b. How many accidents occurred in the state of Colorado (CO) in 2012? In what cities did these accidents occur?
c. Use the PivotTable’s filter capability to view only the accidents in Alabama (AL), Arizona (AZ), and Arkansas (AR)
for the years 2011 through 2013. What is the total number of accidents in these states between 2011 and 2013?
d. Create a PivotChart to display a column chart that shows the total number of accidents in each year 2011 through 2013
in the state of California. Adjust the formatting of this column chart so that it best conveys the data. What does this
column chart suggest about accidents between 2011 and 2013 in California? Discuss.
Hint: You may have to switch the row and column labels in the PivotChart to get the best presentation for your
PivotChart.
ANSWER:
a.
Georgia (GA) had the greatest number of accidents between 2011 and 2013.

b.
The state of Colorado had 122 accidents in the year 2012 in the cities, Greeley and
Louisville.
c.
There were 1210 accidents between the years 2011 and 2013 in Alabama (AL),
Arizona (AZ), and Arkansas (AR).
d.

The accidents have increased in the year 2013 compared to the past two years.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TABLES and CHARTS
54. The data on the distance walked per week by 20 people of different age groups are given in the table below.
Age Distance walked/week
18 25
20 22
21 20
25 23
26 18
29 15
38 19
34 16
42 14
23 21
32 24
45 13
50 11
53 9
44 10
19 28
28 26
35 17
49 12
27 27
a. Create a scatter chart for these 20 observations.

b. Fit a linear trendline to the 20 observations. What can you say about the relationship between the two quantitative
variables?
ANSWER:
a.
b.
There appears to be a negative linear relationship between the age and the distance walked.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: CHARTS
55. Consider the following data on 30 different investments and their maturity values after 15 years.
Investment ($) Future value ($)
1500 3119
2000 4158
2200 4574
2480 5156
2850 5925
3250 6757
3560 7401
3890 8088
4180 8690
4390 9127
4550 9460
4800 9979
5150 10,707
5320 11,060
5510 11,455
5760 11,975
6140 12,765
6300 13,098
6480 13,472
6590 13,701
6712 13,954
6900 14,345
7110 14,782
7480 15,551
7590 15,780
7670 15,946
7700 16,008
7840 16,299
8010 16,653
8500 17,671
a. Prepare a scatter diagram to show the relationship between the variables Investment and Future value. Comment on any
relationship between the variables.
b. Create a trendline for the relationship between Investment and Future value.
What does the trendline indicate about this relationship?
ANSWER:
a.

There appears to be a positive linear relationship between Investment and Future value. As
Investment increases, Future value also increases.
b.
The trendline confirms that there is a positive linear trend between Investment and Future
value.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: CHARTS
56. A survey on the average pass percentage achieved by four of the top-ranked colleges of a city for five different years
was conducted to rate the quality of teaching in each of these colleges.
Colleges Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
College 1 65 67 63 68 70
College 2 70 75 77 82 75
College 3 88 95 90 97 98
College 4 55 57 53 59 55
a. Construct a line chart for the time series data for years 1 through 5 showing the average pass percentage in each college.
Show the time series for all four colleges on the same graph.
b. What does the line chart indicate about the average pass percentage of the colleges between years 1 through 5? Discuss.
c. Construct a clustered column chart showing average pass percentage in each college using the years 1 through 5 data.
Represent the years along the horizontal axis, and cluster the average pass percentages for the four colleges in each year.
Which college is leading in each year?
ANSWER:
a.
b. College 3 has the highest average pass percentage between years 1 through 5 followed by
College 2, College 1, and College 4. This performance has been consistent throughout the five
years.
c.
We observe that College 3 is leading in each year consistently.

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS


57. Growth is the primary focus for all companies. A factor that acts as a key term while analyzing the growth of a
company is the number of resources/employees working for the company over a period of time. One such study about a
start-up company’s growth in terms of the increase in the number of employees per month in a span of two years is shown
below.
Month Number of
employees
1 40
2 48
3 50
4 52
5 49
6 54
7 57
8 53
9 60
10 64
11 68
12 70
13 73
14 76
15 72
16 75
17 79
18 80
19 84
20 82
21 86
22 89
23 94
24 100
a. Create a line chart for these time series data. What interpretations can you make about the increase in the number of
employees over these 24 months?
b. Fit a linear trendline to the data. What does the trendline indicate about the increase in the number of employees over
these 24 months?
ANSWER:
a.

There was a slight change in the number of employees for the first 9 months. It increased
rapidly through the 14 months before falling in the 15th month and again increased up to 24
months. Overall, there was an increase in the number of employees over the 24 months.
b.
The trendline confirms that there is an overall linear trend in the increase in the number of
employees over these 24 months.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: CHARTS
58. The data on the runs scored in a match by the top five players of a cricket team are given below.
Players Runs Scored
Player 1 42
Player 2 35
Player 3 53
Player 4 29
Player 5 39
a. Create a column chart to display the information in the table above. Format the column chart to best display the data by
adding axes labels, a chart title, etc.
b. Sort the values in Excel so that the column chart is ordered from most runs scored to fewest.
c. Insert data labels to display the runs scored by each player above the columns in the column chart obtained in part (b).
ANSWER: a.
b. Sorting can be done by selecting the data in Excel and then using the Sort function in the
Sort & Filter group under the DATA tab.
c. Data labels can be added by right-clicking on one of the columns in the chart and selecting
Add Data Labels.

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
59. The total number of runs scored by the top five players in a cricket match is 198. The following pie chart shows the
percentage of runs scored by each player.
a. What are the problems with using a pie chart to display these data?
b. What type of chart would be preferred for displaying the data in this pie chart?
c. Use a different type of chart to display the percentage of runs scored by each player that conveys the data better than the
pie chart. Format the chart and add data labels to improve the chart’s readability.
ANSWER: a. In the pie chart, it is difficult to perceive differences in area. It can also be difficult to
distinguish the different colors in the pie chart. Finally, it takes a lot of work for the reader to
match the players to the different pieces of the pie chart.

b. A sorted column or bar chart would be preferable to display the data in this pie chart.
c.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
60. A research study was conducted on a sample of 1000 males and 1000 females to study the kind of movie most men
and women prefer to watch. The results are shown in the table below.
Movie Type Male Female
Action 294 226
Comedy 264 276
Horror 237 200
Romance 205 298
a. Construct a clustered column chart with the type of movie as the horizontal variable.
b. What can we infer from the clustered bar chart in part (a)?
ANSWER:
a.

b. From the chart, we observe that most men prefer to watch action movies and most women
prefer to watch romantic movies. However, the preferences for comedy movies are almost
evenly distributed across the genders, and a horror movie is preferred more by men when
compared to women.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
61. Consider the following survey results regarding marital status by age.
Age Category Never Married (%) Married (%) Divorced (%)
18-24 49 35 16
25-34 44 35 21
35-44 28 45 27
45-54 22 58 20
a. Construct a stacked-column chart to display the survey data on marital status. Use Age Category as the variable on the
horizontal axis.
b. Construct a clustered-column chart to display the survey data. Use Age Category as the variable on the horizontal axis.
c. What can you infer about the relationship between age and marital status from the column charts in parts (a) and (b)?
Which column chart (stacked or clustered) is best for interpreting this relationship? Why?
ANSWER: a.

b.
c. Younger respondents are more likely to be never married, and older respondents are more
likely to be married. The clustered-column chart makes it easier to compare the relative
percent values within an age category. The percentage of respondents who are never married
is high in the age groups 18-24 and 25-34. The percentage of respondents who are married is
high in the age group 45-54 and who are divorced is high in the age group 35-44.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
62. The regional manager of a company wishes to determine the time spent at each division in the car production process.
A study was undertaken over a month that resulted in the following data related to the percentage of time spent at three
divisions (car body construction, paint shop, and assembly) at four locations of production plants.
Car Body
Production Plants Construction (%) Paint Shop (%) Assembly (%)
Michigan 35 45 20
Kentucky 37 41 22
Illinois 33 39 28
Ohio 36 40 24
a. Create a stacked-bar chart with production plants along the vertical axis. Reformat the bar chart to best display these
data by adding required labels and chart title.
b. Create a clustered-bar chart with production plants along the vertical axis and clusters of divisions. Reformat the bar
chart to best display these data by adding required labels and chart title.
c. Create multiple bar charts where each production plant becomes a single bar chart showing the percentage of time spent
at the divisions. Reformat the bar charts to best display these data by adding required labels and chart title.
d. Which form of bar chart (stacked, clustered, or multiple) is preferable for these data? Why?
ANSWER:
a.
b.

c.

d. Both the stacked and clustered-bar chart do not help in making relative comparisons when
there are many quantitative variables within each category, so the individual bar charts are
preferred. However, the clustered bar chart, which may help make comparisons between the
production plants easier, may be preferred in this case.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
63. A consumer electronics company, after three months of the launch of five new products in the market, arrived at the
following results.
Products Profit (%) Market share (%) Cost ($)
A 19 18 4500
B 28 12 3000
C 15 25 8750
D 22 35 6250
E 16 10 2500
a. Create a bubble chart where the market share is along the horizontal axis, the profit is on the vertical axis, and the size
of the bubbles represents the cost. Format this chart for best presentation by adding axes labels and labeling each bubble
with the product name.
b. The manager of the company is interested in producing the product that increases the profit for a given level of market
share and cost. From the bubble chart in part a, identify the product which needs to be produced in larger quantity.
c. From the bubble chart in part (a), now identify the product which needs to be produced in larger quantity taking into
account its market share, cost, increase in profit.
ANSWER: a.
b. Product B makes the highest profit and, hence, it needs to be produced in larger quantity for
the given level of market share and cost.
c. Product D can be produced in larger quantity when its market share, the profit, and its cost
are taken into consideration.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
64. The project lead in an MNC decides to assign every member of his team to a new project and monitors their
performance on a customized scale of scores. The data on their performance over a period of six months are shown below.
Performance Scores
Team members Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
1 4 5 2 3 -1 3
2 2 2 3 1 4 4
3 –1 4 4 4 5 1
4 5 1 4 2 5 3
5 2 2 1 5 4 4
6 4 1 2 1 –1 4
7 1 5 –1 2 5 1
8 1 2 5 5 4 2
9 4 5 3 4 2 2
10 4 5 2 2 –1 5
11 5 -1 5 1 2 2
12 3 2 –1 –1 1 2
13 –1 1 4 -1 4 5
14 2 3 3 2 –1 4
15 5 –1 5 5 1 1
16 5 2 1 5 2 –1
17 5 –1 4 –1 2 1
18 3 4 –1 5 2 4
19 2 3 5 1 3 1
20 4 4 3 1 –1 5
21 3 1 1 4 –1 4
22 3 1 5 5 4 2
23 2 2 –1 3 2 –1
24 1 2 4 4 4 3
25 3 5 –1 2 5 4
a. Create a heat map in Excel that shades the cells with negative performance scores. Use Excel’s Conditional Formatting
function to create this heat map.
b. For each month, identify the team members who scored negative. Which month has the highest negative performance
scores?
ANSWER:
a.

b. January: Team members 3 and 13.

February: Team members 11, 15, and 17.
March: Team members 7, 12, 18, 23, and 25.
April: Team members 12, 13, and 17.
May: Team members 1, 6, 10, 14, 20, and 21.
June: Team members 16 and 23.
We observe that most team members scored negative in the month of May.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
65. The following table shows the average monthly distance travelled (in Billions of Miles) by vehicles on urban
highways for five different years.
Urban Highways - Average Monthly Distance Travelled by Vehicles (Billion Miles)
Years Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Year 1 4.22 5.32 5.21 5.12 4.92 4.49 4.55 4.49 4.44 4.39 4.37 4.35
Year 2 4.31 5.44 5.34 5.24 4.98 4.59 4.68 4.65 4.61 4.68 4.74 4.79
Year 3 4.38 5.51 5.41 5.36 4.98 4.63 4.71 4.78 4.82 4.88 4.85 4.89
Year 4 4.45 5.59 5.5 5.41 5.01 4.72 4.78 4.79 4.82 4.92 5.06 5.11
Year 5 4.51 5.65 5.62 5.49 5.12 4.8 4.88 4.82 4.95 5.12 5.22 5.44
a. Use Excel to create sparklines for the average monthly vehicle distance travelled each year.
b. Which year has decreasing trend of the average distance travelled? Which year has increasing trend of the average
distance travelled?
c. Use Excel to create a heat map for the average distance travelled by vehicles. Do you find the heat map or the
sparklines to be better at communicating the trend of the average vehicle distance travelled over different years? Why?
ANSWER: a.
b. Year 1 has a decreasing trend, and Year 5 has an increasing trend.

c.
It is difficult to create a heat map that effectively conveys the overall trend of the average
monthly distance travelled for each year. The heat map shows the relative magnitude of the
distance travelled by the vehicles, which is absent from the sparklines. However, the trend for
each year is less apparent in the heat map.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
66. The data on the ranks assigned to a random sample of students in a competitive exam based on scores and three
different veteran statuses are given below.

Name Score Rank Status
Steve 80 1 DV
Joshua 75 2 DV
John 95 3 V
Alex 90 4 V
Jeff 85 5 V
Matt 80 6 NV
Chris 75 7 NV
a. Create a parallel-coordinates plot using XLMiner for these data. Include vertical axes for the name, score, and rank.
Color the lines by the type of status.
b. According to the parallel-coordinates plot, how are disabled veterans differentiated from veterans?
ANSWER: a.
b. We observe that the disabled veterans are assigned the highest ranks though their
scores are relatively low and the veterans with high scores are given the moderate ranks.
POINTS: 1
67. The owner of a grocery store is interested in providing better service to his customers with respect to the wait time at
the billing counter. The data on 20 waiting customers are given below.
Customer
Number Wait Time (min) Purchase Amount ($) Customer Age Credit Score
1 2.3 518 42 694
2 2.8 592 33 879
3 3.2 598 38 531
4 3.4 845 40 509
5 3.4 648 29 869
6 4.2 695 46 777
7 3.2 844 42 470
8 1.4 470 40 714
9 6.4 488 24 517
10 7.8 527 37 794
11 6.5 843 52 551
12 9.8 704 43 673
13 5 824 56 846
14 1.8 570 35 735
15 6.1 503 39 816
16 3.4 483 44 516
17 7.8 707 33 729
18 2.8 796 42 591
19 1.2 485 46 866
20 9.5 727 50 879
a. Use XLMiner to create a scatter chart matrix for these data. Include the variables wait time, purchase amount, customer
age, and credit score.
b. What can you infer about the relationships between these variables from the scatter chart matrix?
ANSWER: a.
b. The waiting time appears to have a positive relationship with the purchase amount. The
customers’ age seems to have a positive relationship with the purchase amount and credit
score as well.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS

68. Sadie is constructing a bar chart to describe the average savings account balances for customers at her bank. If the
minimum balance is $5.00 and the maximum balance is $18,700, would the following bar chart be a good representation
of the data? If not, what would Sadie need to change?
ANSWER: Sadie should change her bins to something like: $0.00 - $4,999, $5,000 - 9,999, $10,000 -
$14,999, $15,000 - $20,000.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
69. Data are shown below on the quality rating, volume, average wait time from pull-up to completion, average unit
purchase, and revenue tier for franchises of a certain fast food restaurant in Area 6.
Area 6 Franchise Data

Franchise Volume Wait Time Average Unit Revenue

Quality Rating
Number Category (sec.) Purchase ($) Tier
124 Above Average High 175 13.25 4
152 Acceptable Low 181 10.02 2
452 Above Average Low 179 13.56 4
462 Above Average Medium 175 12.12 3
485 Superior High 171 15.11 4
567 Acceptable High 178 9.78 2
625 Acceptable Medium 175 11.14 3
Using the table below, complete the crosstabulation chart of quality rating and categorized daily volume.
Crosstabulation of Quality Rating and Daily Units for Area 6 Franchises

Daily Units
Quality Rating Low Medium High Total
Acceptable
Above Average
Superior
Total
ANSWER:
Daily Units
Quality Rating Low Medium High Total
Acceptable 2 1 1 4
Above Average 1 3 1 5
Superior 0 0 1 1
Total 3 4 3 10
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TABLES

70. Data are show below on the quality rating, volume, average wait time from pull-up to completion, average unit

Quality Rating
Using the table below, complete the crosstabulation chart of Volume Category and Revenue Tier.

Revenue Tier
Volume Category Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 4 Total
Low
Medium
High
Total
ANSWER:
Crosstabulation of Quality Rating and Revenue Tier for Area 6 Franchises
Revenue Tier

Volume Category Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 4 Total

Low 1 2 0 4 7
Medium 0 0 9 4 13
High 0 2 0 8 10
Total 1 4 9 16 30
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: TABLES
71. Danah is responsible for reporting the status of sales for his company. The following pie chart shows the percentages
of closed sales in each of the top seven cities. Use a different type of chart to display the percentage of sales sold in each
city that conveys the data better than the pie chart. Convert the pie chart to a bar chart in order to improve the chart's
readability.
ANSWER:
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS


72. Construct a scatter chart for the following set of data. Describe the relationship between the two variables.
VAR1 2 5 6 7 10
VAR2 3 6 8 13 15
ANSWER:
There is a weak, positive, linear relationship.

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
73. This pie chart describes the age frequencies of students in a Business Analysis class. What is the relative frequency of
students who are younger than 23? (Round to a whole number if necessary.)

ANSWER: 48
100/210 = 47.6
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
74. The regional manager of a company wishes to determine the time spent at each division in the car production process.
A study was undertaken over a month that resulted in the following data related to the percentage of time spent at three
divisions (car body construction, paint shop, and assembly) at four locations of production plants.
Car Body Construction

Production Plants Paint Shop (%) Assembly (%)
(%)
Michigan 35 45 20
Kentucky 37 41 22
Illinois 33 39 28
Ohio 36 40 24
Would it be appropriate to make a pie chart of the distribution of time spent in the paint shop for these four production
plants? Explain.
ANSWER: No. A pie chart can only be used to display a categorical variable whose categories make up a
whole.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS
75. Data are shown below on the quality rating, volume, average wait time from pull-up to completion, average unit

Quality Rating
Is it appropriate to make a scatter chart to display the relationship between the franchise number and the average unit
purchase? Explain.
ANSWER: No. A scatter chart is a graphical presentation of the relationship between two
quantitative variables. The variable “Franchise Number” is not quantitative.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: CHARTS

CH03 Data Visualization

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CH 03 - Data Visualization

1. Data-ink is the ink used in a table or chart that

3. In many cases, white space in a chart can improve

4. Tables should be used instead of charts when

a. the reader needs relative comparisons of data.

7. A _____________ is a graphical presentation of the relationship between two quantitative variables.

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KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember

11. The following image is a

a. Scatter chart b. Pie chart

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13. A time series plot is also known as a

a. boxplot. b. frequency graph.

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16. Bar charts use

17. Making visual comparisons between categorical variables may be difficult in a

19. A chart that is recommended as an alternative to a pie chart is a

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23. An effective display of trend and magnitude is achieved by using a combination of a

24. A disadvantage of stacked-column charts and stacked-bar charts is that

DATE MODIFIED: 3/19/2021 10:21 AM

26. A useful chart for displaying multiple variables is the

27. To generate a scatter chart matrix, we use

29. A PivotChart, in few instances, is the same as a

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30. The best way to differentiate chart elements is using

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36. We create multiple dashboards

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This chart allows the IT manager to

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a. It reduces the data-ink ratio.

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QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice

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United States - DISC: - Descriptive Statistics

Subjective Short Answer

Exams Scores Exams Scores

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1997 White Doctorate degree $74,614

1991 Asian Doctorate degree $80,164

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a. Create a scatter chart for these 20 observations.

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We observe that College 3 is leading in each year consistently.

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QUESTION TYPE: Subjective Short Answer

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match the players to the different pieces of the pie chart.

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b. January: Team members 3 and 13.

b. Year 1 has a decreasing trend, and Year 5 has an increasing trend.