24 Principles of Electrical Machines

ISHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS I

0.-1. What are the ·essential parts of an electromechanical energy conversion system ?
Ans. The three essential parts of electromechanical energy conversion system are (i) electrical
system (ii) mechanical system (iii) coupling field (electric or magnetic field).
Q. 2. What is the significance of coenergy ?
Ans. The coenergy has no physical significance. However, it can be used to derive expressions for
force (or torque) developed in an electromagnetic system.
Q. 3. What are actuators ?
Ans. The energy conversion devices that are used to produce translational forces are known as
actuators. Examples include solenoids, relays and electromagnets.
~ - 4. How does electromechanical energy conversion take place ?
Ans. The process of electromechanical energy conversion talces place through the medium of the
electric field or magnetic field. Although the various conversion devices operate on similar
physical principles, the structures of the devices depend on their function.
vQ• 5. What is the fundamental principle invo,'ved in electromechanical energy conversion ?
Ans. The electromechanical energy conversion is based on the principle of conservation of energy
which states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be changed from
one form to another.
Q. 6. What are the dimensions of coenergy ?
Ans. The dimensions of coenergy are the same as that of energy.
~ - 7. What is the drawback ofelectric field as a medium for electromechanical energy conversion ?
Ans. When electric field is used as a medium for electromechanical energy conversion, the amount
of force developed is usually very small.
v-0·8. What is the advantage ofmagnetic field as a medium for electromechanical energy conver-
sion?
Ans. When magnetic field is used as a medium for electromechanical energy conversion, the amount
of force developed is very large as compared to the case when electric field is used as the
medium.
Q. 9. Why do we neglect magnetic non-linearity and core losses in electromagnetic energy con-
version devices ?
Ans. Electromagnetic energy conversion devices are built with air gaps in the magnetic circuit to
separate the fixed and moving parts, Most of the m.m.f. of the windings is required to over-
come the air-gap reluctance. Therefore, we can neglect the reluctance of the iron part of the
magnetic circuit. Moreover, the core losses are very small and can be neglected without
affecting too much accuracy. However, these effects may be taken into account if required in
the design of the device.
v--0· to. What are the losses that occur during electromechanical energy conversion ?
Ans. The losses that occur during electromechanical energy conversion are :
( i) i1' R losses in the windings.
(ii) friction and windage losses.
(iii) core losses.
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V I. Th1.• thut ,,1.:~ur d11 ri np. clcc tromu-

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The ox11n1r,lt1-1 ol' conlinuow1 energy con-
"·lmnit.·al l.lll<,•rgy Cl>11vorsiu11 urc convc.mod v~rslon dcvlcuR 111·0..... .. ... ... ..
i11 Il), ,, . .. , , . . , .. , ,
(/) motors urnl gcncru tors
(i) hcnt (II) so1111d
(//) ro luys
(iti) light (i1 1) 11l)llc ul' nhow
(/1/) solunoids
2. 111 a lint.·ur 11111g.111.:tic circujt, the rc l11tio11 (/v) none ()f" uhovc
bc1wc1.·n
.
c111.:rgy ( WJ11, )u11d cocncruy ( W'fl,/ )
IS .. ......... ... .
- c- 7. 1:or 11ir, the curve between flux linkages (A)
und currunt (I) is .............. .
U) ,,~,," > w ,1" (ii) n~11t1 ,. w.,1" (/) n pnraboln (ii) a hyperbola
(iii) W 11i1
~ Id < (Iv) none ornhovc ))Ji) n strnight line (iv) none of above
] , In u non-l inear mugnctic circuit. the rcln-
tion between energy (W11") 1111d cocnergy
v, Electromagnetic energy conversion devices
nrc built with uir gaps in the magnetic cir-
(W_11) is............. .. cuit to ............ .. .
( i) ~/Id :::: W_fld (ii) ~/Id > W/Id (/) increase reluctance of magnetic path ·
(iii) ~ 1,i1<Wj,,1 (iv) noncofnbovc (ii) dccrcusc reluctance of magnetic path
4. ... .. .......... is the example of singly excited (iii) separate the fixed and moving parts
magnetic field system. (iv) none of above.
(i) Relay 9. For iron, the curve between flux linkages
(ii) D.C. shunt motor (A) and current (i) is .............. .
(iii) Synchronous motor (i) linear
(iv) None of above (ii) nonlinear but not circle
5. .............. is the example of multiply excited (iii) circle
magnetic field system. ~iv) none of above
(i) Relay \_)()'. When electric field is used as the medium
(ii) Solenoid
for electromechanical energy conversion,
the force developed is .............. .
(iii) D.C. shunt motor
(i) zero (ii) very small
(iv) None of above
(iii) very large (iv) none of above

ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

J. (i) 2. (ii) 3. (iii) 4. (i) 5. (iii)
6. (i) 7. (iii) 8. (iii) 9. (ii) 10. (ii)