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Viking Map of North


America Identified as
20th-Century Forgery
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IQ test - What is your IQ?


Answer 20 questions to /nd out
test-iq.org

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?(
The motivation for
manuscript
forgeries is
generally financial
or political. In the
case of the Vinland
Map, both are quite
possible.

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The Bright
Ages: A New
History of
Medieval
Europe
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ART CRIMES $ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

COLONIALISM $ CRIME $ FORGERIES

ICELAND $ INDIGENOUS PEOPLES

MAPS $ MEDIEVAL AGES

RACE AND ETHNICITY $ RACISM

SPAIN $ VIKINGS

!"#$%%"&'"'()*'"$+

The Endangered Orchids of North …

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