PHYSICS

WALLAH

01
RATE OF A CHEMICAL REACTION
decrease in conc of reactant OR Increase in conc of reactant
Time taken
AVERAGE RATE
Consider a reaction: A + B
∆[A] ∆[B] ∆[C] ∆[D]
- ∆t =- ∆t = ∆t = ∆t
INSTANTANEOUS RATE
Consider a reaction: aA + bB cC+ dD
- 1
d[A] 1 d[B] 1 d[C] 1 d[D]
a dt =- b dt = c dt = d dt
Unit of Rate = mol litre-¹ s-1
02 RATE LAW
03 04 05
Consider a general reaction,
FACTORS INFLUENCING aA + bB product
ORDER AND MOLECULARITY PSEUDO ORDER REACTIONS
RATE OF REACTION Rate = k[A]a [B]b (law of mass action) Consider a general reaction, Consider the reaction
Time taken
Rate = k[A]x [B]y (rate law expression) aA + bB product H+
C12H22O11 + H O C6 H12O6 + C6H12O6
Factors Effect on reaction rate x & y are determined experimentally and may or may not be equal Rate = k[A] [B]y
x
to a & b In these reactions, concentration of water
C+ D Increase in concentration Increases molecularity = a + b (one of the reactants) is in excess and its
x & y represents the order of reaction with respect to A & B
order = x + y concentration remains constant throughout
Increase in temperature Increases the reaction.
Molecularity Order Thus, rate [C12H22011]
Presence of catalyst Increases RATE CONSTANT Therefore, order= 1
Theoretical concept. An experimentally
Larger the value of k, faster is the reaction. determined quantity.
The value of k changes only with temperature for given reaction.
It cannot be zero, fractional, It can be equal to zero
unit of rate constant = (mol)1-n Ln-1 s-1 infinite and imaginary. positive, negative and fractional.

Q During the decomposition of H O , 48 g O QWhich of the following will lead to an increase Q The rate constant of a zero-order reactions has Q When the rate of the reaction is equal to the Q For a pseudo first-order reaction, what is the
is formed per minute at a certain point of time. in the rate of the reaction? the unit rate constant, the order of the reaction is unit of the rate of the reaction?
The rate of formation of water at this point is a) Decrease in temperature (a) s -1 (b) mol L-1 s -1 (a) zero order (a) s -1
(a) 0.75 mol min -1 (b) 1.5 mol min-1 b) Decreasing concentration of reactants (c) L2 mol-2 s -1 (d) L mol-1 s -1 (b) first order (b) mol L-1s -1
c) Addition of catalyst (c) second order (c) mol-1 L s -1
(c) 2.25 mol min-¹ (d) 3.0 mol min-1
d) Addition of inhibitor (d) third order (d) mol-2 L2 s -1

chemical kinetics
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ELEMENTARY & COMPLEX REACTIONS INTEGRATED RATE EQUATIONS HALF LIFE PERIOD GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION ARRHENIUS EQUATION
Zero order Zero order 1.Concentration - time graph 2. Rate - concentration graph
Reactions occurring only in one step are called elementary -Ea
Slope =

log k
t = [A]0
b. First order
[A]0- [A] t
a. Zero order b. First order a. Zero order c. Second order -Ea/RT
reactions while that involving a sequence of elementary FIRST ORDER TRICKS r= k [A]2
k = Ae 2.303R

reactions, are called complex reactions. k= t

1
2
2k
r= k [A]

Rate Intercept
t75% = 2t
Rate Rate
Conc Conc
Ea 1
In case of complex reactions, the slowest step is called rate
determining step.
First order
First order 1
2
(Conc)2
logk = logA -2.303R T
= log A
1/T

t90% = 2.303
time time Conc Conc

Note Consider the reaction From slow step k = 2.303 log [A]0 t = 0.693
1 NOTE
3. Half life - concentration graph
2O3 3O2 r = k [O] [O3] t [A]
2
k k b. First order c. Second order For every 10° rise in temperature, rate
Second order t Second order
a. Zero order

Step - 1 Here
[o] [O3] ; From fast step
t99.9% = 10t 1
2
becomes double and hence, rate constant
t t t
becomes double.
1 - 1 t = 1
1

k = 1t [A]
1 1

O3 O2 + O (fast) 2 2 2

[O2] 1

t [A]0 k [A]0
2
Step - 2 r = k [O3]2 [O2]-1 Conc Conc Conc
A reaction with higher value of Ea will
O + O3 2O2 (slow) have smaller value of rate constant.

Q Suppose the reaction: A + 2B AB2 occurs by Q A first order reaction has a specific Q The half-life period of zero order reaction is Q The graph of t versus initial concentration 1
2 Q The slope of Arrhenius plot (In k vs 1T ) of first
the following mechanism: reaction rate of 10-2 sec-1 . How directly proportional to the ___________ 'a' is for order reaction is - 5 x 103 K. The value of Ea
Step 1 : A + B AB slow much time will it take for 20 g of the a) Rate constant t 1
2
of the reaction is [Given: R=8.314 J K-1 mol-1 )
Step 2 : AB + B AB2 fast reactant to reduce to 5 g? b) Initial concentration of reactants a

(a) -83 kJ mol -1 (b) 41.5 kJ mol -1

Overall A + 2B AB2 (a) 138.6 sec (b) 346.5 sec c) Final concentration of reactants a) First order
(a) k[A] (b) k[B] (c) k[A][B] (d) k[B]2 d) Concentration of products b) Second order (c) 83 kJ mol -1 (d) 166 kJ mol -1
(c) 693.0 sec (d) 238.6 sec c) Zero order
d) Can't predict