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Seismic Analysis Ductile Steel Design
Seismic Analysis Ductile Steel Design
Seismic Analysis Ductile Steel Design
Seismic Analysis
& Ductile Steel Design
Introduction
We are going to perform a modal and spectral analysis according to the
National Building Code of Canada 2010, for a steel building located in
Montreal, and shown below.
The lateral force resisting-systems are:
Direction-x: Tension-only concentrically braced frames, type LD (R=2).
Direction-z: Moment-Resisting Frame located on the three axes, type LD
(R=2).
Support degrees of freedom are free in rotation, except at corners, where
My is fixed.
Project Configuration
Seismic tab
Select the Seismic tab of the Project Configuration dialog box (File
menu).
Enter the following data: Building Code: NBC-2010, Location category =
C, City of Montreal, Total height = 12m, Number of stories (N) = 3, and
Importance factor of 1.0.
Select the SRSS (Square-Root-of-Sum-of-Squares) method for the
modal combination.
Select the "Add ductility effects [/¯\]"option to design the ductile steel
frames according to the "Capacity design" method of the CAN-CSA-S16-
09/14 Standard (section 27).
Click OK.
Analysis tab
Increase the number of iterations to 10-12 because tension-only members
are included in ductile frames. (Advance Design America needs more
iteration because of the release process).
Steel Specifications
The Steel Specification Generator is used to generate design
specifications for W and HSS square shapes and according to S16-09/14
Standard.
Select Structure / Specifications / Generator – Steel.
Click OK.
Section Groups
The USA section groups are assigned to HSS and W shapes because
Canada no longer produces these shapes. American materials are also
initialized.
If you want Advance Design America to select optimized shapes among
your personalized list of shapes, create a custom section group (Structure
/ Specifications / Groups of Sections) and select this group in the
specification. A section group can include many types of shapes (Steel W,
HSS, etc., Timber sections and concrete ones). To learn more about section
groups, refer to the Steel Design chapter of ADA Online Help.
Ductile Frames
Concentrically Braces Frames in Tension-only – Limited
Ductility (R=2)
The following member usages must be specified on the Member tab along
with axial end conditions for tension-only bracing.
Create custom selections for each type of frame. The selection functions
are available in the Edit / Select / Create selections, Choose
selections, and Edit Sections menu. Learn more about these functions in
Advance Design Am erica Online Help.
We created two custom selections and assigned a color to each one:
Click the icon on the Edit toolbar to open the Selections dialog
box. Highlight the "T-only bracings" selection and click OK.
Mask the rest of the structure by clicking the Mask icon on the
View toolbar.
Member Usages
There are two member usages for this type of ductile frame: "[¯¯] Beam"
and "[¯¯] Columns".
Columns and beams must be continuous. Design groups are created for
each continuous column (4) and for continuous beams at each level (3).
Load Cases
Enter the following NBC-2010 load case titles and types in the Loads
Definition spreadsheet:
You are ready to run a modal analysis to obtain the structure vibration
modes and corresponding frequencies.
Modal Analysis
Click the Modal Analysis icon to open the Modal Analysis dialog
box.
• Select the "Mass" load combination.
• Enter 20 for the number of requested modes. The CNBC code
suggests 2 to 3 vibration modes per building story for a spectral
analysis. A default value for the number of calculated modes is
automatically initialized. To learn more, refer to the "Number of
Calculated Modes" topic in the Dynamic Analysis chapter of Online
Help.
• Click the "Analyze" button to launch the modal analysis.
If the amplitude is too small, click the Adjust Amplitude icon on the
Diagrams toolbar. Use the Animation function again.
When components Dir. x, Dir. y, and Dir. z are specified in the Linear
Seismic Directions spreadsheet, Advance Design America automatically
initializes the main vibration modes according to the highest modal
contributions that were calculated in the Frequencies and Vibration
Modes spreadsheet.
Spectral Analysis
Linear Seismic Directions Spreadsheet
Select the Linear Seismic Directions spreadsheet in the Loads / Seismic
Directions menu.
Insert two rows and enter the name Dir x and Dir z in the "Number"
column. Enter a value of 1.0 for the x and z components.
Note: Components Dir. x, Dir. y, and Dir. z
These components can be different from 1.0 if the main seismic directions
are at angle relative to global axes. For example, you could obtain 0.67 for
direction x and 0.36 for direction z. In this case, you should enter these
values as components. The second main direction, which must be
orthogonal to the first direction, should have similar components.
Entered a value of 1.0 for direction x and z. Advance Design America
initialized mode 1 and 5, according to the highest modal contributions.
Select a spectral envelope for each direction in the "Envelope" column.
In the "Structure" column, select a lateral force resisting system for each
direction, as per NBC code. Press the F1 key to open Advance Design
America Online Help and learn more about this parameter.
The next "Seismic Force Resisting System", "Rd", and "Ro" columns are
relevant to the new NBC-2010 code. Double-click the first column and
expand the CSA-S16 root. Select (double-click) the appropriate ductile
frame for each direction. The corresponding Rd and Ro (force modification
factors) are automatically initialized.
The Ve, Vd, V chosen, Torsion M, and Modal M/M parameters are
written in the spreadsheet when the spectral analysis is completed.
Note Ve and Vd are calculated from the modal analysis. Ve is the equivalent
lateral force acting at the base of the structure and represents the elastic response.
Vd is the seismic lateral force acting at the base of the structure obtained from the
spectral analysis.
Click OK to exit the spreadsheet.
The participating mass exceeds 90% for each main direction. Therefore,
the spectral analysis is OK. If you get less than 90%, you should eliminate
local vibration modes, increase the number of requested modes and
perform another modal and spectral analysis.
To view seismic forces and deflections, select the Results tab of the View
Options dialog box and select a force diagram.
Information on Levels
Select Results / Modal/Spectral / Levels.
Verify the corrected average interstory drifts, ∆mx. They should not exceed
the allowable limit. The CNB-2010 Code limits this displacement to 2.5% of
the story height for a regular building (Cl. 4.1.8.13). In our model, this limit
is equal to 0.025 x 4000mm = 100mm. The calculated interstory drifts are
below this limit.
Interstory Drifts
Node Displacements
Node displacements are available for a selected vibration mode.
Select the vibration mode #1 on the Activate toolbar and select
Results / Modal/Spectral / Node Displacements.
Press the F1 control key to get the definition of each column, through
Advance Design America Online Help.