Computer

• A computer is an electronic device used to store and process

Data and Information.

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 Hardware
• Hardware refers to the tangible physical
parts/components of the computer.

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Overview of Components

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 Overview of Components
• Input Devices
• Output Devices
• Storage Devices
• Motherboard
• Processor
• Power Supply
• Expansion Cards
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 Input Devices

Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
Microphone
Camera
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 Output Devices
•Monitor

•Printer

•Speaker

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 Storage
 Primary Storage
 Memory
 Read Only Memory (ROM)
 Random Access Memory (RAM)

 Secondary Storage
 Hard Drive
 Floppy
 CD/DVD
 Flash Drive

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 Storage Units
Term Description

Bit A bit is the smallest unit of information that a computer handles.

A single bit can hold only one of two values, 0 or 1.
Byte A byte is a combination of eight bits arranged in a particular
sequence. Each sequence represents a single character, symbol,
digit, or letter. A byte forms the basic unit that is used to measure
the storage capacity of a storage device.
Kilobyte One kilobyte (KB) is equal to 1,024 bytes. Most of the user data
stored in a computer, such as simple e-mail messages or a text
file, occupies storage space of a few kilobytes.
Megabyte One megabyte (MB) is equal to 1,024 KB.

Gigabyte One gigabyte (GB) is equal to 1,024 MB, which is approximately a

billion bytes.

Terabyte One terabyte is equal to 1,024 GB, approximately a trillion bytes.

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Sample Pictures of Storage Devices

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Power Supply Unit

Power Supply Unit (PSU) - provides electrical power to the

system board and other components, converting mains AC
(Alternating Current) power to the DC (Direct Current) power
used by the PC.

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 Motherboard
A motherboard allows all the parts of your computer to
receive power and communicate with one another.

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 Expansion Cards

Eg- Sound Card

Network Interface Card
TV Card

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Processor

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The Microprocessor

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 Boot Process

• POST: Power On Self Test

• OS Loading
- Track 0 on Hard Disk

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• POST

• BIOS

• Boot Sequence

• Boot Loader

• OS selection and loading

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 Terminologies
• Main Memory – RAM – Volatile Memory
• VGA (Video Graphics Array) – Video Card
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
• LAN Adapter/Card – Network Interface Card
• UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)

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 RISC and CISC
• Reduced Instruction Set Computer
eg- MACs, SPARCs

• Complex Instruction Set Computer

eg – IBM compatibles

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OPERATING SYSTEMS

• Definition
The computer program that manages all other programs on
the computer.

The operating system stores files, allows you to use software

programs, and coordinates the use of computer hardware
(such as the keyboard and mouse etc).

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 OS Features
• Single-User: Single user at a time
• Multi-User: More than one user at a time

• Multitasking: More than one program at a time

• Multithreading: Varied parts of one program simultaneously
• Multiprocessing: Programs run on more than one CPU at a time

• Real Time: Process and respond to input instantly 20

 OS Functions
• File Management
• Hardware Management
- Memory, Processor, Input & Output
• Interpretation of Commands and Instructions
• Prioritization of tasks
• Communication

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 Examples of Operating Systems (OS)

• MS Windows: Client- Based; 98,2000,XP,win7, 8,10,

Server – Based: 2003,2008,2012,2016

• Linux: Mandrake, Suze, Redhat, Fedora,

Ubuntu, Centos, Debian etc
• Mac OS
• UNIX: Solaris Client & Server
• Portable/Mobile Devices: Android OS, Windows CE

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 CLIENT & SERVER OS

• Client OS: Requests for services

eg- Workstation OS

• Server OS: Offers Services

eg- Server OS

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 WORKSTATION(client) OS
• MS Windows 3.1, 3.11, 95, 98, 2000, ME, win 7,8,10

• Linux Workstation for various distributions:

eg- Suze, Redhat, Ubuntu etc

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 TROUBLESHOOTING

• View Detailed System Information (MSINFO32.EXE).

• This option allows you to view detailed information

on hardware resources, components (multimedia,
input, network, ports, and storage), software
environment, and Internet settings

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 TROUBLESHOOTING USING HELP AND SUPPORT CENTER

• Remote Assistance
The Remote Assistance feature allows you to remotely view
and control a computer for any support task.

If you have a computer problem, you can invite another

person (a remote assistant) to help you over the network or
Internet.

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 ESSENTIAL CONFIGURATION SETTINGS

• Configure Devices and Services

• Configure the system's performance options - - page, task manager
• Create, modify, and manage user profiles
• Configure the system's error reporting and logging
• Configure network and remote computers' access to your
computer
• Join a domain or workgroup

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QUESTIONS TIME

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 NEXT TOPIC

INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING

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