Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 128

6A.

JH J 6Jx')HC UFA
J'x@(HA3)A —A AwHJx—)õA(JF —A
.)@FJ—)/)xA

dxUgETó fóDjU
4@w­H)(&'Z muug .­ 5/'Aâ)@ 0@xJ'
P@—@’ @’ —)HJ)'@’ —J’'A J—)ÉÍ@ HJ’JHâA—@’ ü
é ghbe N N H ê e P b N à M g T O p b âú N M e

ç608C zfipfg iugdid

-H@MJ'@ TH\3)/@C
,­\P(%êI z&((Q

4AwAC
5I­Q73x% 5&3%\­

ç9U’'HAÉÍ@ —A 4AwAC
, áIU6%U -& -&3&­qQ -& CI­3,Uáa 0)H— @3 5FJxt ts
v—)'@HAÉÍ@ v9J'Hkx)/AC
mO%(q&U)& ,3q6Q­

1Jâ)’Í@C
9:­6%I 1UIÉQ -& çQOúI

6UwJHâ)’Í@ v—)'@H)A9C
zM 9&ê%(%I mM 1M zQU&%UI

4A'A9@(AÉÍ@ixAi3@x'J
4Jx'H@ —J çx3@HFAÉÍ@ 4)Jx'!3)/A J PJ/x@9[()/A
0).9)@'J/A —A v’/@9A 8A/)@xA9 —J 6Aè—J -è.9)/A 6QH()@ 2H@U/A
0p m’ 0@xJ't 5/'Aâ)@
6A.JH J ’Jx')HC UFA J'x@(HA3)A —A AwHJx—)õA(JF —A .)@FJ—)/)xA : 5/'Aâ)@
0@xJ' ò 1)@ —J ãAxJ)H@C v—)'@HA é âN à M g T ã muug
odw e4@9JÉÍ@ 2x'H@w@9@()A a 6Aè—Jr
NJ—)/)xA m -H\')/A wH@3)’’)@xA9 o -H@/J’’@ ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉA ç P!'U9@
4OOimu J— id u dcfm

muug
p b âú N M e é âN à M g T
2â 0HA’)9t guod i 9 m Ax—AH i ’A9A m i NAx(U)x&@’
m uguiod i 1)@ —J ãAxJ)H@ i 1ã
PJ9’C em r ozzmicuoc J ozzmicug
BA‘C em r ozzmicuud
JiFA)9C J—)'@HA®3)@/HUõ .H
&''w::Cqqq 3)@/HUõ .H:J—)'@HA
O lg âtB

u Qj06xTó tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt e

r : Qj,jD Ug ó ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttvv

çD UQóm N ótttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt v

2 4)Lx/)A /@F@ 5 . MJ'@ mo

m 5 s@’w)'A9 /@F@ P JA 'H@ gf

ot 5 ÁO)A(x[’')/@b /@F@ O HAF A zo

á óD xéN , óttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt vve

3 j0jQ DxTg, f T2 éTó H Q 6 0Tx g ,ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt viv

r D j V ó , tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttvie
uQj06xTó

5 'HAÉ@ .\’)/@ —A wH@w@’'A )x'J9J/'UA9 —A 2x'H@w@9@()A 6@/)A9 HJA9)õA—A x/


NU’JU 8A/)@xA9 —A jB1ã FJ wAHJ/J ’JH @ —J UFA /@F.)xAÉÍ@ i —J /@Fw9J‘!
—@’A(JF i Jx'HJ A /@x’/)Lx/)A J @ /@x&J/)FJx'@ —A’ /)H/Ux’'Xx/)A’ /U9'UHA)’ J
&)’'[H)/A’ —A JFJH(Lx/)A —J '@—@ J êUA9êUJH 3JxkFJx@ ’@/)A9 J A HJA9)õAÉÍ@ —6
wJ’êU)’A’ JFw!H)/A’ w@x'UA)’ J —Jx’A’ ç’’@ x@’ âA9JU JF A9(Ux’ F@FJx'@’ ’J)
—J’—Jx&A—@’ /@F@ ëJFw)H)’'A’Át JF FU)'@’ @U'H@’ /@F@ ë)x'J9J/'UA9)’'A’Á jF!
.@A 'Jx’Í@t —J êUA9êUJH 3@HFAt êUJ wJHF)')U A FA'JH)A9)õAÉÍ@ —J’’A —)’w@’)ÉÍ@ JHH
/Jx'JxA’ —J 'J’J’ Aw9)/A—A’ ü’ FA)’ âAH)A—A’ @H—Jx’ —J 3JxkFJx@’ J A@’ FA)’
)x'H)x/A—@’ /@xMUx'@’ —J /)H/Ux’'Xx/)A’ i —J’—J @ 3)xA9 —@’ Ax@’ du
v’'J 9)âH@ Q âJH’Í@ —J UFA —)’’JH'AÉÍ@ —J FJ’'HA—@ /@x’'HU!—A —Jx'H@ —J’i
’J J’w!H)'@ )x’')'U)x'JC UFA F)xU/)@’A J ’Jx’!âJ9 J'x@(HA3)A —A HJ’)—Lx/)A FQ—)/A
JF UF &@’w)'A9 —A -H@â!x/)A —J 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’t JF —)\9@(@ /@F &)w['J’J’ FA)’
AF.)/)@’A’ —J /@FwHJJx’Í@ —A .)@FJ—)/)xA /@F@ —)FJx’Í@ /HU/)A9 —A /U9'UHA
@/)—Jx'A9 F@—JHxA 2@ 3AõLi9@t wJHF)'J UF —)\9@(@ 3HU'!3JH@ xÍ@ AwJxA’ /@F @’
’J(FJx'@’ J’wJ/!3)/@’t J’wJ/)A9)õA—@’t —A’ /)Lx/)A’ ’@/)A)’ eAx'H@w@9@()A @U ’@/)i
@9@()A —A ’Aè—Jt —A —@JxÉAt —A’ JF@ÉWJ’t —A FJ—)/)xA J'/ rt FA’ 'AF.QF /@F A
&)’'[H)A J A /)Lx/)A w@9!')/A @U /@F A’ wH[wH)A’ 3HAxMA’ —@’ ’A.JHJ’ .)@FQ—)/@’
/@x’/)Jx'J’ —A /@x—)ÉÍ@ /U9'UHA9 —J ’JU’ )—JA)’ J wH\')/A’
PJF 'AF.QF UFA âAx'A(JF wJ/U9)AHt A@ ’J /@x’')'U)H JF J'x@(HA3)A —J UF
’J(FJx'@ —A J‘wJH)Lx/)A FQ—)/A x@ /@x'J‘'@ /U9'UHA9 —A 2H(Jx')xAt HJA9)õA—A w@H
UF AH(Jx')x@ 'HJ)xA—@ xA Ax'H@w@9@()A .HA’)9J)HA J A'Jx'@ ü /@Fw9J‘)—A—J —@ —J’A3)@
—A /@FwAHAÉÍ@ Jx'HJ AêUJ9J wA!’ J @ 0HA’)9 eFJ’F@ êUJ ’UA wJ’êU)’A xÍ@ 'Jx&A ’)—@
3@HFA9FJx'J /@FwAHA')âAr 4@F J3J)'@t A HJ9AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ 2H(Jx')xA J 0HA’)9 —JâJH)A ’JH
/@x’)—JHA—A FA)’ ’)’'JFA')/AFJx'J /@F@ UF 9A.@HA'[H)@ 3J/Ux—@ —J /@FwAHAÉÍ@
/U9'UHA9 2’ —UA’ ’@/)J—A—J’ 'LF /@x’)—JH\âJ)’ ’JFJ9&AxÉA’ x@ ’JU wH@/J’’@ ’[/)@i
&)’'[H)/@ Jt A@ FJ’F@ 'JFw@t x@'\âJ)’ —)3JHJxÉA’ i A9(UFA’ /@’'UFJ)HAFJx'J ’Ui
.9)x&A—A’ wJ9@ ’Jx’@i/@FUF xA J9A.@HAÉÍ@ —J UFA )—Jx')—A—J /@x’'HA’')âA —J /@xi
’UF@ /@')—)Ax@ 5 /@x&J/)FJx'@ /@x'H@9A—@ —J’’J’ PêIU63 -%""PU&­6%&(3 âJF ’Jx—@
3J9)õFJx'J wH@w)/)A—@ w@H UF )x'Jx’@ 39U‘@ —J J’'U—Ax'J’ J wJ’êU)’A—@HJ’ JF Ax'H@i
w@9@()A —@’ —@)’ wA!’J’ i —J êUJ J’'J 'HA.A9&@ Q HJ’U9'A—@ J J‘JFw9@

6
5U'HA âAx'A(JF /H!')/A A ’U.9)x&AH Q A —J—)/AÉÍ@ A@ /@x&J/)FJx'@
J'x@(H\3)/@ —J UFA FAx)3J’'AÉÍ@ JFw!H)/A —J UFA —A’ )x’')'U)ÉWJ’ FA)’ /HU/)A)’
—J x@’’A /U9'UHAC A .)@FJ—)/)xA vF.@HA @ J’'A'U'@ —A’ Ux)—A—J’ HJ9JâAx'J’ —J
’)(x)3)/AÉÍ@ xA /@FwAHAÉÍ@ Ax'H@w@9[()/A ’JMA &@MJ UF —@’ 3@/@’ —J FA)@H —J.A'J
Jw)’'JF@9[()/@t wAHJ/J 3@HA —J —èâ)—A êUJ UFA /@FwHJJx’Í@ ëJ'x@9[()/AÁ —A’
ë’@/)J—A—J’ F@—JHxA’Á xÍ@ w@—J wHJ’/)x—)H —A @.’JHâAÉÍ@t —J’/H)ÉÍ@ J F@—J9)õAÉÍ@
/H!')/A —J ’UA’ )x’')'U)ÉWJ’ /Jx'HA)’C A 3)9@’@3)At A w@9!')/At A J/@x@F)At A AH'J J A
/)Lx/)A v’'A è9')FAt ’@.HJ'U—@t w@H ’UA /Jx'HA9)—A—J x@’ M@(@’ —J âJH—A—J —J
x@’’A )—J@9@()A Ux)âJH’A9)’'At ’U.'HA)Ui’J ’JFwHJ FA)’ 3A/)9FJx'J ü /@x'J‘'UA9)õAÉÍ@
J ü HJ9A')â)õAÉÍ@ i U’UA9FJx'J J‘JH/)'A—A xA’ ’@/)J—A—J’ ëJ‘[')/A’Á J xA’ 3!F.H)A’
ëJ‘[')/A’Á —Jbx@’’A wH[wH)A /U9'UHA 5/'Aâ)@ 0@xJ' x@’ /@x—Uõ A UF —@’ xJHâ@’
J’'HU'UHAx'J’ —A wH\')/A .)@FQ—)/AC A ëHJ’)—Lx/)A FQ—)/AÁt @U ’JMAt @ HJ/UH’@
)x’')'U/)@xA9 êUJ wHJ'Jx—J Jx’JMAH A 'HAx’)ÉÍ@ Jx'HJ @ 'HJ)xAFJx'@ 'J[H)/@t 9)âHJ’/@t
A.’'HA'@t —A’ 3A/U9—A—J’ —J FJ—)/)xAt wAHA @ 'HA'@ —)HJ'@ —@’ ë—@Jx'J’Á x@ /@x'J‘i
'@ &@’w)'A9AH 2! ’J Jx/JxAt /@F '@—A A —J9)/A—JõA J (HAx—JõA —@’ J’wAÉ@’ —J
'HAx’)ÉÍ@ ’@/)A9t @ —HAFA —A /@HHJ9AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ @ ë’A.JHÁ J @ ë’Jx')HÁt Jx'HJ A 'HAx’i
F)’’Í@ —A Jx@HFJ /AH(A —J /U9'UHA @.MJ')âA A/UFU9A—A JF —@)’ ’Q/U9@’ wJ9A’
/)Lx/)A’ .)@FQ—)/A’ J A 3@HFAÉÍ@ —A’ —)’w@’)ÉWJ’ wJ’’@A)’ /AwAõJ’ —J /@9@/\i9A
JF wH\')/A eA ’UA «/U9'UHA ’U.MJ')âAYt x@’ 'JHF@’ —J 6)FFJ9r
2 /@FwHJJx’Í@ —J’’J wH@/J’’@ i .JF —J’/H)'@ w@H 0@xJ' /@F@ UFA «'Jxi
’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JY i wJHF)'Jt JF wH)FJ)H@ 9U(AHt )9UF)xAH /@F x@âA’ xUAx/J’ @
'JFA /Jx'HA9 —J x@’’A /U9'UHAC @ JF.A'J:—)\9@(@ Jx'HJ A —)’w@’)ÉÍ@ @H)()x\H)A
Ux)âJH’A9)’'At )9UF)x)’'At êUJ ’U’'Jx'A @ JFwHJJx—)FJx'@ /)Jx'!3)/@t J @ HJwAH@
H@FXx')/@t A'Jx'@ ü’ AFJAÉA’ —J wJH—A —A '@'A9)—A—Jt —@ 39U‘@t —A )x'Jx’)—A—J J —A
)F.H)/AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ ’UMJ)'@ J @.MJ'@ v 3A’/)xAx'J âJH /@F@ UF JxUx/)A—@ 'Í@
A.HAx(Jx'J J A.’'HA'@ ’J /@Hw@H)3)/A J‘JFw9AHFJx'J x@’ —)9JFA’t —èâ)—A’ J —HAi
FA’ ’U’/)'A—@’ w@H J’’A ’)x(U9AH )x’')'U)ÉÍ@
-@—Ji’Jt JF ’J(Ux—@ 9U(AHt /@FwHJJx—JH /@F J’')FU9Ax'J /9AHJõA /@F@ @
wH@/J’’@ J A 9[()/A )x’')'U/)@xA)’ âLF A ’JH J‘wJH)FJx'A—@’ wJ9@’ xJ[3)'@’ ’U.FJi
')—@’ A@ —@9@H@’@ H)'@ —J wA’’A(JF 29) J’'Í@t A9)\’t '@—@’ @’ ’)xA)’ —J’’A J‘wJH)Lxi
/)A Ux)âJH’A9 —A wA’’A(JFt F@—J9)õA—A —J’—J GAx TJxxJw JF x@’’@’ ’A.JHJ’C
’U’wJx’Í@ —A â)—A /@')—)AxAt 9)F)xAH)—A—Jt A9(UF ')w@ —J ’@3H)FJx'@ 3!’)/@iF@HA9 A
)x’/HJâJH wH@3Ux—AFJx'J x@’ ’UMJ)'@’ A’ 9)ÉWJ’ —A x@âA /@x—)ÉÍ@ A êUJ —JâJF
A/J—JH 5 êUJ —)’')x(UJ J’’J H)'UA9 J’wJ/!3)/@ i J @ '@FA FA)’ HA—)/A9 i Q @ 3A'@ —J R
êUJ A’ J’/AH)3)/AÉWJ’ wH@w)/)A'[H)A’ ’J —Í@ x@ /@x'J‘'@ —A 3HJêKJx'AÉÍ@t @.’JHâAi
ÉÍ@ J )x'JHwHJ'AÉÍ@ —@ ’@3H)FJx'@ —J @U'HJF 2wAHJx'Ai’Jt A’’)Ft A@’ H)'UA)’ —J
)x)/)AÉÍ@ ‘AFXx)/At JF êUJ 'AF.QF UFA —)’w@’)ÉÍ@ 'JHAwLU')/A —JâJH\ ’JH wH@i
(HJ’’)âAFJx'J A—êU)H)—A OJ9J’ w@HQF ’J —)’')x(UJ wJ9@ /@x'J‘'@ —J A9'A ëHA/)@xAi
9)õAÉÍ@Á J ë)x’')'U/)@xA9)õAÉÍ@Á —J’JMA—AC @ &@’w)'A9 F@—JHx@ Q UF 'JFw9@ —A /)Lxi
/)A e'Ax'@ êUAx'@ —A —@JxÉA J —@ ’@3H)FJx'@r J ’JU’ @3)/)Ax'J’ 3@HAF )x’'HU!—@’
wAHA ’JH @’ &)JH@3Ax'J’ —J UF ’A.JH @.MJ')â@ Ux)âJH’A9 5 /@x3H@x'@ )x’')'U)x'J
/@F A ë'@'A9)—A—JÁ —@’ wA/)Jx'J’ /@x/HJ'@’t /@F A ëâ)—AÁ —)HJ'AFJx'J J‘wJH)FJxi
'A—A x@’ ’JU’ 9)F)'J’ eA FU')9AÉÍ@t A —@Ht A F@H'Jrt /@F A ë’Jx’).)9)—A—JÁ xJ(@/)A—A
JF /A—A (J’'@t @9&AH @U wA9AâHAt @9&@ A @9&@t âA) wH@—Uõ)H A 3A/J —@9@H@’At â)âJx/)A9t
—A 'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'J Jx'HJ @ ’A.JH J @ ’Jx')H PA9 /@F@ M\ A JxUx/)AâA T@J'&Jt x@
/@FJÉ@ —@ ’Q/U9@ lO t —J’wHJõAx—@ ’JU’ /@x'JFw@HXxJ@’ ëFA'JH)A9)’'A’ÁC «4)xõA Q
A \Hâ@HJ —A ’A.J—@H)A v âJH—J Q A \Hâ@HJ —J @UH@ —A â)—A Y
2wAHJx'Ai’J 'AF.QFt ’JF —èâ)—At J’’J H)'UA9t /@F @’ êUJ .U’/AF wH@—Uõ)H
JF x@’’A /U9'UHA @U'H@’ J’wJ/)A9)’'A’ —A 'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'J ã\ J’/HJâ) ’@.HJ @
F@—@ /@F@ ’J w@—J Jx'Jx—JH ü 9Uõ —J’’J wH@/J’’@ A 3@HFAÉÍ@ —J Ax'H@w[9@(@’ J
w’)/AxA9)’'A’C 'HA'Ai’J —J /AHHJ)HA’ /@FwH@FJ')—A’t w@H UF 9A—@t /@F ’A.JHJ’
J’'HU'UHA—@’ /@F@ /)Lx/)A’ Jt w@H @U'H@t A9'AFJx'J /@x’/)Jx'J’ —@’ —J’A3)@’ —A
'@'A9)—A—J eF@HFJx'J xA FJ—)AÉÍ@ ’U.MJ')âA —@ A/J’’@ ü @.MJ')â)—A—Jr 5 'HA.A9&@ —J
/AFw@ J A 3@HFAÉÍ@ w’)/AxA9!')/A w@—JH)AF ’JH /@FwAHA—@’ 3JH')9FJx'J /@F A HJ’)i
—Lx/)A FQ—)/A AxA9)’A—A w@H 0@xJ' i /AHA/'JH)õAx—@i’J J’'A è9')FA w@H ’UA FA)@H
wH@‘)F)—A—J —@ xè/9J@ —UH@ —@ 3)’)/A9)’F@ /)Jx')3)/)’'A —A /)Lx/)A @/)—Jx'A9 8@
@U'H@ J‘'HJF@ —@ 9JêUJ —J x@’’A’ /AHHJ)HA’ ë‘AFXx)/A’Á 9A)/A’t J’'AH)AF wH@âAâJ9i
FJx'J A’ )x)/)AÉWJ’ ü /AHHJ)HA AH'!’')/At JF ’UA’ —)3JHJx'J’ F@—A9)—A—J’
2 —JF@x’'HAÉÍ@ êUJ x@’ @3JHJ/J J’'A wJ’êU)’A —@ /AH\'JH )x’')'U)x'J —J’’A
'Jx’Í@t x@ /JHxJ FJ’F@ —A 3@HFAÉÍ@ —@’ A(Jx'J’ 9J(!')F@’ —A .)@FJ—)/)xAt wJHi
F)'J UF (HAx—J HJ3)xAFJx'@ —A /@FwHJJx’Í@ —J '@—@’ @’ A’wJ/'@’ —J’’J wH@'Q)/@
JFwHJJx—)FJx'@t @HA @wA/)õA—@ wJ9A’ )x'JHwHJ'AÉWJ’ 'H)Ux3A9)’'A’ xA')âA’t
Ux)âJH’A9)’'A’t @HA A/&A'A—@ JF /H!')/A’ FA)’ 9)xJAHFJx'J ëH@FXx')/A’Á —A wJH—A
—J ’UA’ êUA9)—A—J’ ’Jx’!âJ)’
” .@F —J)‘AH ’A.JH @ 9J)'@H êUJ @ AU'@H âJF wH@’’J(U)x—@ JF ’UA 'AHJ3A —J
@.MJ')âAH A’ 'Jx’WJ’ J’'HU'UHAx'J’ —@ /AFw@ .)@FQ—)/@ 6[ UF )x'Jx’@t F)xU/)@i
’@ J /HJ’/Jx'J /@x&J/)FJx'@ J'x@(H\3)/@ —J’’J FUx—@ ’@/)A9 w@—JH\ x@’ &A.)9)'AH
A 9)—AH FA)’ 9U/)—AFJx'J /@F A’ ’UA’ (HAx—J’ .JxJ’’J’t /@F A’ ’UA’ (HAx—J’
/@x'HA—)ÉWJ’t /@F @’ ’JU’ )FwHJâ)’!âJ)’ —J’')x@’t Jx3)F i êUJ ’JHÍ@ 'AF.QF @’
x@’’@’t wJ’’@A)’tb —J '@—@’ J —J /A—A UF —J x[’t )xJâ)'AâJ9FJx'Jt UF —)A

SO%ú u&U­I­-Q 5%I3 5OIU6&


2x'H@w[9@(@t —@U'@H JF 2x'H@w@9@()A J wH@3J’’@H A—MUx'@ —@
-H@(HAFA —J -[’iTHA—UAÉÍ@ JF 2x'H@w@9@()A 6@/)A9 —@ NU’JU
8A/)@xA9 —A jx)âJH’)—A—J BJ—JHA9 —@1)@ —J ãAxJ)H@

0
:
r:Qj,jDUg ó

vF êUA9êUJH wH@3)’’Í@ @ wH@/J’’@ —J AwHJx—)õA(JF HJwHJ’Jx'A UF F@i


FJx'@ 3Ux—AFJx'A9t w@)’ Q xJ9J êUJ ’Í@ HJwH@—Uõ)—@’ 'Ax'@ @ /@x&J/)FJx'@ 'J[H)i
/@ êUAx'@ A’ wH\')/A’ A’’@/)A—A’
8A wH@3)’’Í@ FQ—)/At @ wH@/J’’@ —J AwHJx—)õA(JF 'JF UFA /AHA/'JH!’')/A
—)3JHJx/)A9t êUJ Q A wA’’A(JF wJ9A’ /&AFA—A’ ëHJ’)—Lx/)A’ FQ—)/A’Á 2 Jx'HA—A xA
HJ’)—Lx/)A )Fw9)/A A Jx'HA—A A@ &@’w)'A9 v xJ’’J ë'JFw9@Á —@ ’A.JH FQ—)/@ êUJ @’
HJ’)—Jx'J’ )HÍ@ ëAwHJx—JHÁ A’ H@')xA’ wH\')/A’ wAHA ’A.JH A'UAH xA wH@3)’’Í@ v’’J
wH@/J’’@ ’JH\ 3Ux—AFJx'A9 xÍ@ ’[ w@HêUJ Q @ F@FJx'@ JF êUJ AwHJx—JHÍ@ /@F@
’JH FQ—)/@’ ëxA wH\')/AÁt FA’ 'AF.QF w@HêUJt wJ9A wH)FJ)HA âJõt ’JHÍ@ HJ’w@x’\i
âJ)’ wJ9@ 'HA'AFJx'@ —J UF wA/)Jx'J v’'A è9')FA /AHA/'JH!’')/A @’ /@9@/A —)Ax'J —J
UFA ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ —A wH\')/A —A .)@FJ—)/)xAC A 'Jx’Í@ Jx'HJ A .U’/A —@
’A.JH J @’ ’Jx')FJx'@’ —J’wJH'A—@’ xJ’’J wH@/J’’@
2 .)@FJ—)/)xA AwHJ’Jx'Ai’J —J’’A 3@HFA /@F@ UFA —A’ Fè9')w9A’ w@’’).)9)—Ai
—J’ wAHA 'HA'AH UF wH@.9JFA (JHA9 —A x@’’A /U9'UHAt A HJ9AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ A’ —)FJx’WJ’
/@(x)')âA’ J JF@')âA’ PJx—@ JF FJx'J J’’A 'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'J —J x@’’A /U9'UHAt
A’ wJH(Ux'A’ êUJ FJ (U)AHAFt A@ HJA9)õAH A wJ’êU)’At 3@HAF /@F@ A .)@FJ—)/)xA 9)—A
'J@H)/AFJx'J /@F J’’A 'Jx’Í@ J /@F@ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ A Jx3HJx'AF J A â)âJx/)AF
5 wHJ’Jx'J 'HA.A9&@ J'x@(H\3)/@ ’J )x’JHJ x@ êUJ ’J w@—J /&AFAHt wAHA3HA’JAxi
—@ TJJH'õt —J «J’'U—@’ JF &@’w)'A)’Y J xÍ@ «—J &@’w)'A)’Y ç’'@ w@HêUJ A @H(Ax)õAÉÍ@
&@’w)'A9AH ’[ x@’ )x'JHJ’’A xA FJ—)—A JF êUJ x@’ wJHF)'J HJ39J')H ’@.HJ @’ A’wJ/'@’
FA)’ (JHA)’ —A /@x’')'U)ÉÍ@ J —A wH\')/A —A —)’/)w9)xA êUJ A9) ’J —J’Jxâ@9âJF
jFA AwH@‘)FAÉÍ@ Ax'H@w@9[()/AiJ'x@(H\3)/A ü .)@FJ—)/)xA HJFJ'Jix@’ A@ J’i
'U—@ —A ë/)Lx/)A JF AÉÍ@Á i @ êUJ ’J wH@/UHA Jx'Jx—JH Q /@F@ @’ /)Jx')’'A’ 'HA.A9&AF
çx)/)@ @ wH)FJ)H@ /Aw!'U9@ —J’'J 9)âH@ /@F UFA .HJâJ HJ’Jx&A —@’ J’'U—@’
êUJ 3@HAF A(HUwA—@’ ’@. A ’)(9A 6P6 e6@/)A9t PJ/&x@9@(­ Ax— 6@/)J'­r 5 )x'Ji
HJ’’J w@H J9J’ wH@âQF —@ 3A'@ —J )x/9U)H A wHJ’Jx'J J'x@(HA3)A x@’ /&AFA—@’
«J’'U—@’ JF &@’w)'A)’Yt êUJ J’'AH)AF wH[‘)F@’ —A’ J'x@(HA3)A’ —J 9A.@HA'[H)@’
2wH@‘)FAx—@ FJU 3@/@t /Jx'H@iFJ x@’ J’'U—@’ êUJ ’J âLF HJA9)õAx—@ ’@.HJ A
.)@FJ—)/)xAt J 'AF.QF x@’ J’'U—@’ 3J)'@’ x@ FAH/@ —A ’@/)@9@()A —A’ wH@3)’’WJ’t
—A Ax'H@w@9@()A FQ—)/A x@H'JiAFJH)/AxA J —A ’@/)@9@()A 3HAx/J’A

88
jFA âJõ —J9)F)'A—@ @ /AFw@ x@ êUA9 ’J )x'J(HAH\ @ wHJ’Jx'J 'HA.A9&@t
wA’’@ Jx'Í@ A AwHJ’Jx'AH @ wJH/UH’@ wJ9@ êUA9 ’J /@x’'HU)U @ F@—J9@ .)@FQ—)/@t j

JF HJ9AÉÍ@ A@ wH@/J’’@ —J HA/)@xA9)õAÉÍ@ J —J )x—)â)—UA9)õAÉÍ@ êUJ ’J —\ xA


/U9'UHA @/)—Jx'A9 F@—JHxA —J’—J @ ’Q/U9@ lGç v’’J wH@/J’’@ )x’')'U)U @ —UA9)’F@
Jx'HJ @’ A’wJ/'@’ FA'JH)A)’ J J’w)H)'UA)’t x@ êUA9 ’J 3Ux—A A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁt t
êUJ Q @ 3)@ /@x—U'@H —@’ 'HL’ /Aw!'U9@’ 8J’’J FJ’F@ wH@/J’’@ x@ êUA9 ’J
)x’'AUHA UF —UA9)’F@ Jx'HJ FJx'J J /@Hw@t Jx'H@x)õAi’J @ ’A.JH FQ—)/@ /@F@
AU'@H)õA—@ eë/)Jx'!3)/@Ár wAHA 3A9AH —@ wH@/J’’@ —J ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉAt /@F @ êUA9 ’J
@.9)'JHA J’’J /@xMUx'@ —J ’A.JHJ’ êUJ /&AFAF@’ ëFJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')/A’Á
4@x'U—@t J’’A @.9)'JHAÉÍ@ xÍ@ )Fw9)/A UFA —J’AwAH)ÉÍ@t FA’ UFA HJ9AÉÍ@ —J
ëJx(9@.AFJx'@Át w@H'Ax'@ &)JH\HêU)/At —J FAxJ)HA êUJt wJH)@—)/AFJx'J J ’@. —)3JHJxi
'J’ 3@HFA’t @.’JHâAi’J UF HJ'@F@ —A’ wHJ@/UwAÉWJ’ ’U’/)'A—A’ w@H J’’J’ ’A.JHJ’
-@H )’’@t /HJ)@ âJH Jx'HJ J’’A’ —UA’ 3@HFA’ —J /@FwHJJx—JH @ wH@/J’’@ —J ’Aè—Ji
—@JxÉAt @ —A ë.)@FJ—)/)xAÁ J @ —A’ ëFJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')/A’Át UFA FAx)3J’'AÉÍ@ —A
ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ x@ XF.)'@ —@’ F@—J9@’ êUJ ’U’'Jx'AF A’ wH\')/A’ /@')—)AxA’
5 'JFA —@ ’J(Ux—@ /Aw!'U9@ J’'\ /Jx'HA—@ wH)x/)wA9FJx'J xA J'x@(HA3)A —@
&@’w)'A9 J —A HJ’)—Lx/)A FQ—)/A —J UF —J'JHF)xA—@ wAâ)9&Í@t /@F @ 3)F —J —J3)x)H
A’ /A'J(@H)A’ xJ9J Jx/@x'HA—A’t —J9)F)'Ax—@ A’ —)’')x'A’ ë/@')—)Ax)—A—J’Á J A’ wHJi
@/UwAÉWJ’ —@’ A(Jx'J’ 8@ )x!/)@t F@’'H@ —J êUJ FAxJ)HA ë@ &@’w)'A9Á /&J(@U A
’JH UF J’wAÉ@ —J Jx’)x@t Aw[’ UFA ’QH)J —J F@—)3)/AÉWJ’ )x'JHxA’t 'HAx’3@HFAxi
—@i’Jt —J’’A FAxJ)HAt x@ ë'JA'H@Á @x—J Q Jx/JxA—A UFA ’QH)J —J ë—HAFA’Á êUJ ’Í@
wH@—Uõ)—@’ J êUJ HJwH@—UõJF A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ
5 @.MJ')â@ —@ /Aw!'U9@ Q ’)'UAH A )xâJ’')(AÉÍ@ JF UF J’wAÉ@ 3!’)/@ /@F )x—)â!i
—U@’ HJA)’t 9JâAx—@ JF /@x'A ’UA’ wHJ@/UwAÉWJ’ J —èâ)—A’ ãU’')3)/Ai’Jt A’’)Ft @
'!'U9@ —@ /Aw!'U9@ i «5 &@’w)'A9 /@F@ 'JA'H@Y 7UJH@ F@’'HAH @ 'JA'H@ @x—J ’J wH@—Uõ
J’’A AwHJx—)õA(JF —J ë’JH FQ—)/@Á J @x—J ’J FAx)3J’'A A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ
jFA âJõ @.MJ')âA—A’ A’ /A'J(@H)A’t 'J@H)õ@ A/JH/A —J /@F@ A wH[wH)A
J’'HU'UHAÉÍ@ —A’ 'AHJ3A’ —A HJ’)—Lx/)A JF HJ9AÉÍ@ A@ AwHJx—)õA—@ A'UA /@F@ FJ)@
wAHA —)F)xU)H @’ J3J)'@’ —J’’A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ v’'A —)F)xU)ÉÍ@ —A 'Jx’Í@ ’J
3AH)A w@H /AU’A —A )Fw9JFJx'AÉÍ@ —J UF FJ/Ax)’F@ ë—)()'A9)õAx'JÁC A ëwA’’A(JF
—J ’A9A —A 'AH—JÁt êUJ )Fw9)/A UFA HJâA9@H)õAÉÍ@ —@ F@FJx'@ JF êUJ A AwHJx—)õAi
(JF ’J wH@—Uõ xA AU’Lx/)A —@ wA/)Jx'J 4&AFAF@’ J’’J FJ/Ax)’F@ —J
ë—)()'A9)õAx'JÁ w@HêUJ wH@—Uõ UFA —J’/@x')xU)—A—J Jx'HJ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ êUJ wAH')/)i
wAF —@ FJ/Ax)’F@ J —@’ wA/)Jx'J’ êUJ —J9J J’'Í@ AU’Jx'J’
8@ 'JH/J)H@ /Aw!'U9@t A A'JxÉÍ@ /Jx'HAi’J x@ ë—)A(x[’')/@Át /AHA/'JH)õA—@ /@F@
UF ë—HAFA ’@/)A9Á 2wHJ’Jx'@ 'HL’ J‘JFw9@’ —J —HAFA’t J’/@9&)—@’ w@HêUJ /@9@/AF
JF M@(@ 'Jx’WJ’ J‘wHJ’’A’ Jx'HJ A’ —)3JHJx'J’ /A'J(@H)A’ @.MJ')âA—A’ x@ /Aw!'U9@

89
Ax'JH)@H J Jx'HJ @’ —)’')x'@’ FJ/Ax)’F@’ —J 3Ux/)@xAFJx'@ /@')—)Ax@ —@ wAâ)9&Í@
5 ë—)A(x[’')/@Á ’JH\ '@FA—@ /@F@ @ ’!F.@9@ —@F)xAx'J —@ ë—HAFA ’@/)A9Át w@Hi
êUJ Q A@ HJ—@H —J9J êUJ ’J FAx)3J’'AF A’ ’)'UAÉWJ’ /@x39)'U@’A’ x@ wAâ)9&Í@ O)'@
—J @U'H@ F@—@t A’ 'Jx’WJ’ Jx'HJ A’ /A'J(@H)A’ 'LF UF Jw)/Jx'H@ )Fw@H'Ax'J x@’
wH@/J’’@’ —J —)A(x[’')/@
5 —)A(x[’')/@ 'AF.QF Q )Fw@H'Ax'J w@HêUJ Q @ @.MJ')â@ —A wH\')/A .)@FQ—)/A
Jt wAHA ’JH A9/AxÉA—@t 'LF —J ’JH HJ’wJ)'A—@’ —J'JHF)xA—@’ HJêU)’)'@’ 'J[H)/@’ /&Ai
FA—@’ wH@'@/@9@’ J A9(@H)'F@’t êUJ Jx'HAF JF 'Jx’Í@ /@F @’ ’Jx')FJx'@’ êUJ @’
HJ’)—Jx'J’ J‘wJH)FJx'AF xA wH\')/A -@H )’’@t '@F@ @ —)A(x[’')/@ JF ’JU’ —@)’
’Jx')—@’t /@F@ @.MJ')â@ J /@F@ wH@/J’’@t /@F@ UF —)’w@’)')â@ @x—J ’J FAx)3J’'A
A 'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'J y M\ êUJt x@ wH@/J’’@ —J —)A(x[’')/@t J’’J’ ’Jx')FJx'@’ â)â)i
—@’ xA J‘wJH)Lx/)A /@')—)AxA ’Í@ w@’'@’ —J 9A—@t Jt x@ —)A(x[’')/@ /@F@ HJ’U9'A—@t
J’’J ’Jx')H xÍ@ 'JF 9U(AH
v’'J 9)âH@ 3@) HJ’U9'A—@ —A F)x&A —)’’JH'AÉÍ@ —J FJ’'HA—@ AwHJ’Jx'A—A x@
-H@(HAFA —J -[’iTHA—UAÉÍ@ JF 2x'H@w@9@()A 6@/)A9 —@ NU’JU 8A/)@xA9 —A jx)i
âJH’)—A—J BJ—JHA9 —@ 1)@ —J ãAxJ)H@ T@’'AH)A —J A(HA—J/JH A '@—@’ @’ êUJ )x'Ji
(HAF J’’J wH@(HAFA w@H 'JHJF FJ wH@w@H/)@xA—@ @’ FJ)@’ wAHA HJA9)õAH A wJ’êU)i
’At FU)'@ J’wJ/)A9FJx'J A IU)õ BJHxAx—@ O)A’ OUAH'Jt FJU @H)Jx'A—@Ht êUJ ’@U.J
—AH A wA9AâHA J‘A'At @ 'J‘'@i/&AâJt A 'HAxêK)9)—A—J xJ/J’’\H)At A’’)F /@F@ ’@U.J
A.Ax—@xAHiFJ ü wH@—U')âA )x'HAxêK)9)—A—J —A —èâ)—A xÍ@ HJ’@9â)—A —Jw@)’ —J A9(Ui
FA’ —J ’UA’ 3HU'!3JHA’ )x'JHâJxÉWJ’ 7UJH@ 'AF.QF A(HA—J/JH ü’ A(Lx/)A’
3)xAx/)A—@HA’ 48-ê J 4AwJ’ —A’ êUA)’ 3U) .@9’)’'A Jx'HJ @’ Ax@’ ccg J ccd
T@’'AH)A —J F@’'HAH FJU HJ/@x&J/)FJx'@t 'AF.QFt A UF (HAx—J (HUw@ —J
/@9J(A’ J AF)(@’ êUJ FJ A/@FwAx&AHAF x@’ Ax@’ —J wJ’êU)’AC IU!’ v—FUx—@t
OA)’­t 6AHAt 8)9'@xt 2xA PJHJ’At 29/)@ J A '@—@’ @’ )x'J(HAx'J’ —A ë'UHFA 2H(Jx')i
xAÁt êUJ AMU—AHAF A ’Jx')H /@F êUJ @ ë9\Á xÍ@ J’')âJ’’J 'Í@ —)’'Ax'J -AH')/U9AHi
FJx'Jt A(HA—JÉ@ A —UA’ wJ’’@A’ FAHAâ)9&@’A’C TU’'Aâ@ J IU—F)9At w@)’ 3@) A wAH')H
—AêUJ9J A3@H'UxA—@ Jx/@x'H@ /@F TU’'Aâ@ xA wHAÉA êUJ 'U—@ /@FJÉ@U 2 IJ/')/)A
—J G)/Jxõ) 0HA(At 'Jx&@ UFA )FJx’A (HA')—Í@ wJ9A —J—)/AÉÍ@ xA 9J)'UHA —@’ @H)()i
xA)’ 8Í@ w@—JH)A —J)‘AH —J A(HA—J/JH A PA')AxAt êUJt /@F ’UA /@FwAx&)A J ’UA
/@x3)AxÉAt FJ AMU—A A A/HJ—)'AH
1J’JHâ@ @ è9')F@ wAH\(HA3@ wAHA J‘wHJ’’AH FJU wH@3Ux—@ A(HA—J/)FJx'@ A
'@—@’ @’ FQ—)/@’ —@ wAâ)9&Í@t —J’—J @ /&J3J —@ ’JHâ)É@t êUJ FJ wJHF)')U HJA9)õAH
A wJ’êU)’At A'Q '@—@’ @’ @U'H@’ êUJ FJ HJ/J.JHAF FU)'@ .JFt ’@.HJ'U—@ A@’
HJ’)—Jx'J’ êUJ ëwJH’J(U)Á J êUJt AwJ’AH —@’ F@FJx'@’ —)3!/J)’ wAH')9&A—@’t xUx/A
FJ 3J/&AHAF A w@H'A @U —J)‘AHAF —J HJ’w@x—JH A A9(UFA —J F)x&A’ wJH(Ux'A’

81
çDUQómN ó

v’'J J’'U—@ i UFA J'x@(HA3)A —A .)@FJ—)/)xA i 'JF /@F@ @.MJ')â@ A/@FwAi


x&AH @ wH@/J’’@ wJ9@ êUA9 UF (HUw@ —J HJ/QFi3@HFA—@’ JF FJ—)/)xAt @’ HJ’)—Jxi
'J’t /&J(AF A ’JH FQ—)/@’
0U’êUJ) @.’JHâAH /@F@ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ AwHJx—JFt xA wH\')/At @ qIN%6O3 —@
'HA.A9&@ FQ—)/@t /@F A wJH’wJ/')âA —J /@FwHJJx—JH /@F@ A'HAâQ’ —J’’A )x/@Hw@i
HAÉÍ@ âÍ@ F@—J9Ax—@ ’UA’ ’U.MJ')â)—A—J’ 5 3)@ /@x—U'@H —J’'J 'HA.A9&@ i AêU)
/&AFA—@ ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ i HJ3JHJi’J ü 'Jx’Í@ êUJ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ J‘wJH)FJxi
'AF x@ wH@/J’’@ —J AwHJx—)õA(JF v J’'HU'UHAx'J w@HêUJ ’J Jx/@x'HA xA .A’J
Jw)’'JF@9[()/A —A .)@FJ—)/)xAt J J’'\ 3Ux—AFJx'Ax—@ A ëFJ—)/)xA â)â)—AÁ xA
/@')—)Ax)—A—J —J /A—A UF —J9J’
-AHA 3AõJH J’'A J'x@(HA3)At J’/@9&) @ &@’w)'A9iJ’/@9A —J UFA 3A/U9—A—J wèi
.9)/A —J FJ—)/)xAt 9@/A9)õA—@ JF UFA /)—A—J —A -H@â!x/)A —J 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’t wJ9@
3A'@ —J HJwHJ’Jx'AH UF AF.)Jx'J —J 'HA.A9&@ x@ êUA9 ’J Jx'HJ9AÉAF @’ A’wJ/'@’
A/A—LF)/@’ J @’ A’wJ/'@’ —A wH\')/A /@')—)AxA v’'A wH\')/At wJ9A’ /AHA/'JH!’')/A’
—A A9'A /@Fw9J‘)—A—J —@ &@’w)'A9t wJHF)')U A @.’JHâAÉÍ@ —@ —J’Jxâ@9â)FJx'@ wH@i
3)’’)@xA9 —)Ax'J —J wA'@9@()A’ —@’ FA)’ —)3JHJx'J’ ')w@’
-@H êUJ J’/@9&JH UF &@’w)'A9 wè.9)/@h PA9âJõ @ F@')â@ FA)’ ’)(x)3)/A')â@ ’JMA
w@HêUJ 9\ A wH\')/A FQ—)/A J’'\ ’UMJ)'A A FA)@HJ’ 'Jx’WJ’ ’@/)A)’t w’)/@9[()/A’ J
J/@xkF)/A’ —@ êUJ x@’ &@’w)'A)’ —@ XF.)'@ wH)âA—@t J /HJ)@ êUJ )’'@ âA) )x39UJx/)AH
3@H'JFJx'J A 3@HFAÉÍ@ —A ’U.MJ')â)—A—J —@ HJ’)—Jx'J PAF.QF )x39UJx/)@U A J’/@9&A
@ 3A'@ —J êUJt JF F)x&A HJwHJ’Jx'AÉÍ@ )FA()x\H)A —@ &@’w)'A9t Jx/@x'HAi’J UF &@’i
w)'A9 wè.9)/@ J xÍ@ UF wH)âA—@ çx39UJx/)@U A)x—A @ 3A'@ —J êUJ @ A'Jx—)FJx'@ Q
(HA'U)'@t @ êUJ —J)‘A ’)xA)’ —)3JHJx/)A)’ xA’ HJ9AÉWJ’ FQ—)/@iwA/)Jx'Jy HJ9AÉWJ’ êUJ
) J‘).JF ’)'UAÉWJ’ J‘JFw9AHJ’ wAHA êUJ A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ ’J FAx)3J’'J
-@H êUJ '@FAH A .)@FJ—)/)xA /@F@ @ @.MJ'@h 2 .)@FJ—)/)xA A3J'A A '@—@’ êUJ
â)âJF xJ’'A ’@/)J—A—JC 3Aõix@’ '@FAH w@’)ÉÍ@ —)Ax'J —J9At @U wAHA —J3Jx—Li9A @U
t wAHA HJMJ)'\i9Ay FAHAâ)9&Aix@’ J A’’U’'Aix@’ êUAx—@ 9JF@’ ë/@)’A’Á 3J)'A’ JF ’JU
S x@FJ 6JFwHJ J‘)(J —J x[’ UFA '@FA—A —J w@’)ÉÍ@ 4@F@ —)õ 49AâHJU9 e czoC mprC

/@9@/Aix@’ JF UFA w@’)ÉÍ@ —)â)—)—A -@H UF 9A—@t w@HêUJt /&J(A—@ @


S /A’@t ’[ wJ—)F@’ wAHA ’U.FJ'JHF@’ A J9J ô@ —)’/UH’@ FQ—)/@í -@H @U'H@

83
9A—@t w@HêUJ xÍ@ w@—JF@’ A/J)'AH ’JF HJ.J9AHix@’ A )—J@9@()A êUJ J’’J
—)’/UH’@ A3)HFA —J’AâJH(@x&A—AFJx'J wAHA wJHwJ'UAHi’J x@ w@—JH

v’’A )x39ULx/)A HJ/A) xÍ@ ’[ ’@.HJ @’ 9J)(@’t FA’ 'AF.QF ’@.HJ @’ FQ—)/@’
Jt wH)x/)wA9FJx'Jt ’@.HJ @’ M@âJx’ êUJ J’'Í@ ’J &A.)'UAx—@ A ë’JH FQ—)/@’Á v9J’
/@FJÉAF A 3AõJH wAH'J —A .)@FJ—)/)xAt J J’'Í@t xAêUJ9J F@FJx'@t —J UF 9A—@t
’J—Uõ)—@’ wJ9@ êUJ J9A HJwHJ’Jx'Ay —J @U'H@t ’J HJ.J9AF /@x'HA A w@’)ÉÍ@ JF êUJ
J9A @’ /@9@/AC —)â)—)—@’ Jx'HJ @ êUJ wHJ/)’AF 3AõJH wAHA ë’A.JHÁ J @ êUJ ë’Jx'JFÁ
A@ 3AõJH ë6A.JH J ’Jx')HÁt J’'A Q UFA FAx)3J’'AÉÍ@ —A 'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'J êUJ @’
FAx'LFt w@H FJ)@ —\ êUA9 J9J’ ’J /@x’')'UJF Jt JF FU)'A’ @/A’)WJ’t wA—J/JF
v’’A 'Jx’Í@ xÍ@ Q ’[ —@’ êUJ ’J 3@HFAF xA .)@FJ—)/)xAt FA’ —J '@—@’ @’
êUJ —J A9(UFA FAxJ)HA 3AõJF A9(@ êUJ x@’’A /U9'UHA @/)—Jx'A9 F@—JHxA /&AF@U
—J ë/)Jx'!3)/@Á 4@x'U—@t wAHA êUJ ’JMA A’’)F /&AFA—@t 'JF —J ’JwAHAH @ ë@.MJ')i
â@Át @ ë’A.JHÁt J @ ë’U.MJ')â@Át @ ë’Jx')HÁ 2 —)3JHJxÉA Jx'HJ x[’t Ax'H@w[9@(@’t J
J9J’t FQ—)/@’t Q êUJ J’'J’ è9')F@’ 'HA.A9&AFt x@ 3)xA9 —A’ /@x'A’t /@F A â)—A J A
F@H'J v ’J 'LF A )—Q)A —J êUJ @ ë’Jx')HÁ @’ wJH'UH.A wAHA ë’A.JHÁ HA/)@xA9FJx'J @
êUJ 3AõJHt J’'A @w@’)ÉÍ@ /@xâJH'Ji’J JF UFA 'Jx’Í@ w@—JH@’A
2 )Fw@H'Xx/)A —A .)@FJ—)/)xA xA /U9'UHA @/)—Jx'A9 F@—JHxA M\ 3@) A’’)xA9A—A
w@H 0J/DJH e cpprt A@ /@9@/AH A .)@FJ—)/)xA /@F@ @ wH@'[')w@ —A’ wH@3)’’WJ’
Jx'Jx—)—A’ /@F@ @/UwAÉWJ’t w@’’U)x—@ @ F@x@w[9)@ —J UF /@Hw@ —J /@x&J/)i
FJx'@’ J’@'QH)/@’ J —)3!/J)’ êUJ Q /@x’)—JHA—@ xJ/J’’\H)@ wAHA @ 3Ux/)@xAFJx'@
—A ’@/)J—A—J vx'Í@ w@H êUJ xÍ@ Jx'HAH x@ &@’w)'A9 /@F UFA [')/A —)3JHJx'JC A
Ax'H@w@9[()/Ah -@H êUJ xÍ@ 'Jx'AH —J’xA'UHA9)õAH @ êUJ wJx’AâA ’@.HJ @’ FQ—)/@’
J A/@FwAx&\i9@’t 3A9Ax—@ /@F J9J’h NJU @.MJ')â@ 3@) 'Jx'AH ëâJHÁ A wAH')H —@ @U'H@
9A—@t ’A)H —@ 9U(AH JF êUJ ’JFwHJ J’')âJ i @ —J wA/)Jx'J i t /@9@/Ax—@iFJ JF UFA
'JH/J)HA w@’)ÉÍ@C A —J )xâJ’')(A—@Ht @ Ax'H@w[9@(@ x@ &@’w)'A9
2 .)@FJ—)/)xA HJwHJ’Jx'At xA /U9'UHA @/)—Jx'A9 F@—JHxAt @ ’A.JH ëAU'@H)õAi
—@Á ’@.HJ @ wH@/J’’@ —J ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉA PA9 /AHA/'JH!’')/A 3Aõ /@F êUJ J9A —J’9@i
êUJ UF AFw9@ /@xMUx'@ —J ’A.JHJ’t êUJt ’@. [')/A’ —)3JHJx'J’t 'Jx'AF HJ’w@x—JH
ü’ FJ’FA’ êUJ’'WJ’ 2êU)t J’’J /@xMUx'@ —J ’A.JHJ’ ’JH\ A(HUwA—@ xA /A'J(@H)A
—J ëFJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')/A’Át w@)’ A .U’/A —A J‘wJH)Lx/)A ë'@'A9)õAx'JÁ —A wJ’’@A
—)Ax'J —@ wH@/J’’@ —J ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉAt A 3)F —J J3J')âAH @ 'HA'AFJx'@t ’JH\ A wH)x/)i
wA9 /AHA/'JH!’')/A êUJ A’ A’’@/)AFt êUJ A’ UxJFt êUJ A’ /@x/)9)AF
jFA è9')FA /AHA/'JH!’')/A êUJ FAH/A A )Fw@H'Xx/)A —J J’'U—AH A .)@FJ—)/)xA
Q êUJt A'HAâQ’ —@ J’'U—@ —J ’UA /@x’')'U)ÉÍ@ /@F@ —)’/)w9)xA /)Jx'!3)/At w@—JF@’
J‘JFw9)3)/AH @ wH@/J’’@ —J HA/)@xA9)õAÉÍ@ J )x—)â)—UA9)õAÉÍ@ êUJ ’J —JU xA /U9'UHA
@/)—Jx'A9 F@—JHxA —J’—J @ ’Q/U9@ lGç

85
-@H êUJ J9J(JH A /9!x)/A FQ—)/A J xÍ@ @U'HA J’wJ/)A9)—A—Jh 8A FJ—)/)xA
’UwJHJ’wJ/)A9)õA—A êUJ &@MJ wHJ—@F)xA x@ 5/)—Jx'Jt Q A /9!x)/A êUJ HJwHJ’Jx'A A
.)@FJ—)/)xAt /@F@ 3@) J‘wHJ’’@ w@H sA&x e czfC f rC

2 NJ—)/)xA çx'JHxA Q A FJx'Jt ’JxÍ@ @ /@HAÉÍ@t —A FJ—)/)xA @/)—Jx'A9t A


.)@FJ—)/)xA v /&AFA—A ’)Fw9J’FJx'J ëFJ—)/)xAÁ ” A FJ—)/)xA —A FJ—)i
/)xA e r 2 NJ—)/)xA çx'JHxA Qt 'A9âJõt A FA)’ HA/)@xA9 —A’ J’wJ/)A9)—A—J’
.)@FQ—)/A’t wH@F@âJx—@ A AÉÍ@ wJ9@ /\9/U9@ ’)’'JF\')/@ —A wA'@3)’)@9@()A
)x'JHxA —@ wA/)Jx'J

e a 0 Ma â t f n te c a n egMB

4JH'@ —)At —UHAx'J A 'AH—Jt JxêUAx'@ 3Aõ)A @ 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@t Jx'HJ) x@


wAâ)9&Í@ —@ &@’w)'A9 ’JF @ ë—)’')x')â@ FQ—)/@Á J UFA Jx3JHFJ)HA FJ wJH(Ux'@UC
ëG@/J wHJ/)’A —J A9(UFA /@)’AhÁ B@) A’’)F êUJ FJ —J) /@x'A —@ ’)(x)3)/A—@ —A
wJH(Ux'A êUJ FJ 3Jõ @ /&J3J —@ ’JHâ)É@ x@ wH)FJ)H@ —)A —@ 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@t
AF—A Ax'J’ —J /@FJÉAH A F)x&A wH)FJ)HA ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9AÁC ëPH@U‘J MA9J/@hÁy
/@F@ xÍ@ ')x&At 3A9J) êUJ xÍ@ 2! J9J FJ HJ’w@x—JUC ëGJx&A êUJ 9&J JFwHJ’'@ UFÁb
B@) wHJ/)’AFJx'J xJ’’J —)At êUAx—@ êU)’ Jx'HAH x@ wAâ)9&Í@ ’JF MA9J/@t êUJ FJ —J)
/@x'A —A )Fw@H'Xx/)A ’)F.[9)/A —J’’A (Jx')9JõAC /@F J9At @ FQ—)/@ J’'AâA FJ
—Ax—@ UFA )x3@HFAÉÍ@ âA9)@’A 4JH'AFJx'Jt w@—JHi’Ji)A —)õJH êUJt xA HJA9)—A—Jt
JHA ’@FJx'J UFA êUJ’'Í@ —J AwAHLx/)A J —J 9)FwJõA B@) A’’)F êUJ wJx’J) xAêUJ9J
F@FJx'@ -@HQFt @ êUJ A/@x'J/JU —Jw@)’ 9Jâ@UiFJ A wJx’AH êUJ @ MA9J/@ ’)F.@i
9)õAâA FA)’ AFw9AFJx'J @ FQ—)/@ v’’A 3@) A wH)FJ)HA 9)ÉÍ@y JHA /@F@ ’J J9J J’')i
âJ’’J FJ —)õJx—@C ë’J â@/L êUJH x@’ Jx'Jx—JHt 'JF êUJ /@FJÉAH w@x—@ UF MA9Ji
/@ 5 ’A.JH w@wU9AH —)õ êUJ @ &\.)'@ xÍ@ 3Aõ @ F@x(Jt FA’ AMU—A
B@) A’’)F êUJt —J @U'U.H@ A MAxJ)H@ —J ccdt /@9@êUJ) UF MA9J/@ J /@FwAHi
')9&J) A H@')xA —J UF (HUw@ —J FQ—)/@’ —J UF wAâ)9&Í@ —J /9!x)/At wH)x/)wA9FJx'J A
—@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ êUJt A9QF —J ’JHJF @’ êUJ J’'AâAF AwHJx—Jx—@ @ ë@3!/)@ —J ’JH
FQ—)/@Át JHAF @’ êUJ J’'AâAF JF AU9A '@—A’ A’ 'AH—J’ J xA’ ëwA’’A(Jx’ —J ’A9AÁ
OJ’—J J’’J —)At /@x3H@x'J)iFJ /@F —@)’ wH@.9JFA’C @ —@ J’'HAx&AFJx'@ J @ —A
HJ9AÉÍ@ /@F @’ ’UMJ)'@’ )xâJ’')(A—@’ v’'J’ J’'Í@ HJ9A/)@xA—@’ /@F A FJ’FA êUJ’'Í@C
A —A @.MJ')â)—A—J êUJt xJ’'J 'HA.A9&@t AwHJ’Jx'A 'AF.QF UF wH@.9JFA HJ39J‘)â@
N)x&A â)A(JF xÍ@ JHA A 'JHHA’ —)’'Ax'J’y xÍ@ xAâJ(UJ) JF /Ax@A’ wAHA FJ
Jx/@x'HAH /@F @ FJU ë@.MJ'@ —J J’'U—@Át w@HQF ’JFwHJ ')âJ UFA ’Jx’AÉÍ@ —J J’'HAi
x&JõA A@ Jx'HAH x@ &@’w)'A9 wAHA 3AõJH @ 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@y J9J JHA wAHA F)F UF 9U(AH
—J’/@x&J/)—@ i wH[‘)F@ J —)’'Ax'J A@ FJ’F@ 'JFw@ vHA wH[‘)F@ w@HêUJ ’J 'HA'AâA

86
—@ &@’w)'A9 —A /)—A—J @x—J &Aâ)A â)â)—@ @’ è9')F@’ Ax@’t M\ 'Jx—@ UFA )—Q)A —@ êUJ
’)(x)3)/AâA J’’J &@’w)'A9 wAHA A FJ—)/)xA xAêUJ9J 9@/A9 29QF —@ FA)’t FU)'@’ HJ’)—Jxi
'J’ â)JHAF ü /)—A—Jt /@F@ JUt wAHA J’'U—AHt @ êUJ x@’ /@9@/AâA â)âJx—@ J‘wJH)Lx/)A’
’JFJ9&Ax'J’ OJ UF 9A—@t /@F@ JU JHA UF Ax'H@w[9@(@ xA')â@t FJU J’'HAx&AFJx'@
Ax'H@w@9[()/@ w@—JH)A J’'AH /@FwH@FJ')—@ NA’t —J @U'H@t JU JHA UF J’'HAx&@t J J’’A
’Jx’AÉÍ@ —J ’JH —J 3@HA AwHJ’Jx'AâAi’J /@F 3@HÉA FA)@H êUAx—@t JF —J'JHF)xA—A’
’)'UAÉWJ’t A9U’WJ’ A@ ëAx'H@w[9@(@Á JHAF 3J)'A’t /@F@ xA ’)'UAÉÍ@ JF êUJ UFA FQ—)/A
FJ —)’’Jt /@F@ ’J 3@’’J A /@)’A FA)’ 9@U/A —@ FUx—@C ëv âJH—A—J êUJ â@/L Q Ax'H@i
w[9@(@ J J’'\ 3AõJx—@ UF 'HA.A9&@ ’@.HJ FQ—)/@’hÁ 5U'H@ 3A'@ )x—)/A—@H —A —)’'Xx/)A
JHA êUJ JU ëâ)x&A —@ 0HA’)9Á OJ A9(UFA 3@HFAt JU JHA UF ëJ’'HAx&@ ’JFJ9&Ax'JÁ
4@x'U—@t xA HJA9)—A—Jt A@ /@FJÉAH FJU 'HA.A9&@t ë’JH wH[‘)F@Y xÍ@ FJ
wHJ@/UwAâAt M\ êUJt /@F@ ')x&A 9)—@ ’@.HJ A /@Fw9J‘)—A—J —A /A'J(@H)A ë—)’'Xxi
/)AÁt ’A.)A êUJ «@ 3A'@ —J —@)’ )x—)â!—U@’ wJH'Jx/JHJF ü FJ’FA ’@/)J—A—J xÍ@
’)(x)3)/A êUJ ’JMAF FA)’ wH[‘)F@’ —@ êUJ ’J 3@’’JF —J ’@/)J—A—J’ —)3JHJx'J’Y
eGJ9&@t cpzC ozr 29QF —@ FA)’t xÍ@ w@—)A Jâ)'AH @ êUJ &Aâ)A â)â)—@ A@ /HJ’/JH J
'JH J‘wJH)Lx/)A’ ’JFJ9&Ax'J’ ü’ —J9J’y —A FJ’FA 3@HFAt UF Ax'H@w[9@(@ êUJ J’'Ui
—A /U9'UHA’ 'HA—)/)@xA)’ xÍ@ w@—J Jâ)'AH @.’JHâ\i9A’ A wAH')H —A 3@HFAÉÍ@ ’@/)A9 xA
êUA9 3@) ’@/)A9)õA—@ NJU @.MJ')â@ JHA wJx’AHJF êUJ FJ—)—A J’’J M@(@ —A wH@‘)F)i
—A—J J —A —)’'Xx/)A )x39U!A xA’ HJ9AÉWJ’ êUJ JU FAx')x&A /@F @’ FQ—)/@’ N)x&A
wHJ@/UwAÉÍ@ JHA wHJ/)’AFJx'J A’ HJ9AÉWJ’ êUJ J’'A.J9J/JH)A /@F J9J’
8Í@ J’wJHAâA wA’’AH —J’wJH/J.)—@t w@HêUJ FJ’F@ x@’ F@FJx'@’ JF êUJ
&@UâJ’’J A')'U—J —J ’)9Lx/)@ J HJ'HA)FJx'@t 9\ J’'AâA JU 29QF —@ FA)’t @ wA’’AH
—J’wJH/J.)—@ w@—J ’JH UFA /@x’JêKLx/)A —A xÍ@ A/J)'AÉÍ@ wJ9@ (HUw@t A9(@ ’JFJi
9&Ax'J A@ êUJ â)âJU TJJH'õ e czpC oocrt JF 0A9)t êUAx—@ A w@wU9AÉÍ@ ’J /@Fw@Hi
'AâA «/@F@ ’J ’)Fw9J’FJx'J xÍ@ J‘)’'!’’JF@’Y
6J )’’@ FJ /AU’AâA (HAx—J’ wHJ@/UwAÉWJ’t @U'HA’ xÍ@ FJx@HJ’ FJ JHAF
'AF.QF (JHA—A’ wJ9A w@’’).)9)—A—J —Jt x@ /@FJÉ@t '@FAHiFJ ëAF)(@Á 8Í@ ’A.)A
/@F@ )A /@x'H@9AH A ’)'UAÉÍ@t xJF /@F@ J9A )x39U)H)A JF F)x&A’ @.’JHâAÉWJ’ 5’
HJ’)—Jx'J’ JHAF '@—@’ M@âJx’t @ êUJ AUFJx'AâA A 3A/)9)—A—J wAHA J’'A.J9J/JHF@’
HJ9AÉWJ’ —J AF)õA—Jt w@)’t /A’@ JU FAx')âJ’’J UFA A')'U—J —)’'Ax'Jt w@—JH)A ’JH
'@FA—@ /@F@ Ax')wA')A @U HJ/U’At @/A’)@xAx—@ A FJ’FA A')'U—J —J9J’ wAHA /@F)i
(@y w@HQFt ’J JU ’U’'Jx'A’’J UFA HJ9AÉÍ@ FU)'@ wH[‘)FAt ')x&A FJ—@ FJ —J’â)AH
—@’ @.MJ')â@’ 'HAÉA—@’
6JF FJ —AH /@x'At J’'AâA wH@/UHAx—@ x@ /AFw@ @ /@x39)'@ êUJ JU FJ’F@
â)â)A A@ wJ’êU)’AHC /A’@ JU FJ —J)‘A’’J 9JâAH wJ9@ êUJ ë’Jx')AÁt )’’@ w@—JH)A )x'JHi
3JH)H x@ êUJ wH@/UHAâA ë’A.JHÁ çx/@x’/)Jx'JFJx'Jt J’'AâA ëâ)âJx—@Á x@ )x'JH)@H @
êUJ wH@/UHAâA ë3@HAÁ JF FJU @.MJ'@

8
v’/HJâJx—@t FJ’J’ —Jw@)’t J’'A )x'H@—UÉÍ@t FJ —J) /@x'A —J êUJt xAêUJ9J
F@FJx'@t FJ —J)‘J) 9JâAH wJ9@ êUJ A/@x'J/)At wH@/UHAx—@ '@FAH x@'A —@ êUAx—@
J —@ F@—@ /@F@ J’'A’ wHJ@/UwAÉWJ’ ’J FJ AwHJ’Jx'AâAF OJ A9(UFA 3@HFAt
â)x&A wJx’Ax—@ xJ’’J wH@.9JFA —J’—J êUJ A’’)’') A UFA /@x3JHLx/)A —J I@)/
áA/êUAx't x@ NU’JU 8A/)@xA9t —)A’ Ax'J’ —J )H wAHA @ /AFw@ 8J’’A @/A’)Í@t J9J
3A9@U ’@.HJ wH@.9JFA’ êUJ A39)(JF @ Ax'H@w[9@(@ J @ 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@t A’’)xAi
9Ax—@ A )Fw@H'Xx/)A —A HJ9AÉÍ@ —J AF)õA—J wAHA @ —J’Jxâ@9â)FJx'@ —@ 'HA.A9&@t
’@.HJ /@F@ AêUJ9J’ êUJ ')x&AF ’)—@ ’JU’ )x3@HFAx'J’ 3@HAF ’JU’ AF)(@’ J /@F@
@ Ax'H@w[9@(@ Q /@xêU)’'A—@ wJ9A’ HJ—J’ ’@/)A)’ êUJ ’J J’'A.J9J/JF x@ /AFw@
2 êUJ’'Í@t wAHA áA/êUAx't xÍ@ JHA ’J A3A’'AH —A’ HJ9AÉWJ’ —J AF)õA—Jt FA’ ’)F —J
’J AwH@wH)AH —J9A’ —J F@—@ HJ39J‘)â@t FA’ 'AF.QF A—âJH')UC xÍ@ JHA 'AHJ3A 3\/)9
B@) A’’)F êUJ /&J(UJ) A@ /AFw@ 8Í@ ’A.)A .JF /@F@ 3AõLi9@t —J 3@HFA
êUJ /@FJ/J) A wAH')/)wAH —A’ ëwA’’A(Jx’ —J ’A9AÁ ex@ /@FJÉ@ —A’ FAx&Í’r xA’
êUA)’ JU JHA FA)’ UFt wJH—)—@t Jx'HJ @ (HUw@ —J A9Ux@’ J FQ—)/@’
5’ wH@.9JFA’ /@FJÉAâAF —Jw@)’ —A’ wA’’A(Jx’t w@H â@9'A —A’ @xõJ —A
FAx&Ít êUAx—@ /A—A UF —@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ ’A!A wAHA /UFwH)H UFA 'AHJ3A —)3JHJx'Jt
J @’ FQ—)/@’ —A /A’At @U'HA’ vU ’Jx')A UFA J’wQ/)J —J —J’J’wJH@ w@H xÍ@ ’A.JH
/@F êUJF )H @U @ êUJ 3AõJH i xÍ@ w@—)A J’'AH /@F '@—@’t J ')x&A —J —J/)—)H /@F
êUJF 3)/AH PA)’ —J/)’WJ’ FJ 3Aõ)AF wJx’AH @ êUAx'@ —J /A’UA9)—A—J J‘)’'J x@
'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@C ')x&A 'Ax'@’ 9U(AHJ’ wAHA ;’'AHt 'Ax'@’ êUAH'@’ wAHA Jx'HAH
êUJ A’ /@)’A’ wAHJ/)AF A/@x'J/JH ’JF J’wJHAH w@H F)F
OJ/)—) êUJ UF w@x'@ )Fw@H'Ax'J ’JH)A A/@FwAx&AH @’ ë/&J3J’ —@’ HJ’)—Jxi
'J’Á êUAx—@ 3Aõ)AF A’ ëwA’’A(Jx’ —J ’A9AÁ /@F @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ —@ wH)FJ)H@ Ax@t
w@—Jx—@t —J’’J F@—@t @.’JHâAH /@F@ Q @ wH@/J’’@ —J Jx’)x@ —J UF @3!/)@ym FA’t
xJ’’J F@FJx'@t 'A9âJõt J’')âJ’’J A/@x'J/Jx—@t JF UF @U'H@ êUAH'@ —@ wAâ)9&Í@t
UFA ’)'UAÉÍ@ êUJ 'JH)A ’)—@ è')9 wAHA F)F -@H )’’@t wJx’AâA êUJ xA @.’JHâAÉÍ@t x@
'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@ Ax'H@w@9[()/@t M@(Ai’J FU)'@ /@F A ’@H'J wAHA J’'AH x@ 9U(AH
/JH'@ x@ F@FJx'@ /JH'@t wJ9@ FJx@’ x@ /@FJÉ@t êUAx—@ A)x—A xÍ@ ’J /@x&J/JF
@’ 'JFw@’ J @’ /@’'UFJ’ —J’’J 'JHHJx@ wAH')/U9AH
2@’ w@U/@’t â)iFJ Jxâ@9â)—@ xA’ HJ—J’ ’@/)A)’ J‘)’'Jx'J’ x@ wAâ)9&Í@t FA’
—J UFA 3@HFA /UH)@’AC J’'AâA J xÍ@ J’'AâA 5 FQ'@—@ 9J(A—@ w@H NA9)x@q’D) i A
«@.’JHâAÉÍ@ wAH')/)wAx'JY òQ UFA F)’'UHA J’êU)’)'A —J @.’JHâAÉÍ@ J )’@9AFJx'@t
wAH')/)wAÉÍ@ J )x'H@FJ')FJx'@ -AHA TJJH'õ e czcC cort J’’A wAH')/)wAÉÍ@ xÍ@ wA’i
’A —J «FJHA J‘wHJ’’Í@ —J —J’JM@’Yt FA’ /HJ)@ êUJ —J A9(UFA FAxJ)HA Jt JF A9(Ux’
F@FJx'@’t 'JF@’ UFA wAH')/)wAÉÍ@ A')âA
5 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@ Q J’’A F)’'UHA —J @.’JHâAÉÍ@ wAH')/)wAx'J J wAH')/)wAi
ÉÍ@ @.’JHâAx'Jt M\ êUJ Jx'HAF@’ J ’A!F@’ —A /JxA NA)’ —J UFA âJõ A/@x'J/JUi

80
FJt Aw[’ UFA /@xâJH’A xA ë’A9A —A HJ’)—Lx/)AÁt HJ39J')H ’@.HJ @ 3A'@ —J 'JH FJ
’Jx')—@ )x'J(HA—@t —)A9@(Ax—@t wJH(Ux'Ax—@ J HJ’w@x—Jx—@t JF)')x—@ @w)x)WJ’ 5’
F@FJx'@’ JF êUJ ’J 'JF J’’A ’Jx’AÉÍ@ ’Í@ FU)'@ (HA')3)/Ax'J’y —A FJ’FA 3@HFA
êUJ FJ Ax(U’')AâA 3)/AH JF —èâ)—A êUAx'@ A@ Jx'HAH @U xÍ@ x@ êUAH'@ —A HJ’)—Lxi
/)At êUAx—@ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ HJUx)AFi’J A9) —Jw@)’ —@ A9F@É@
vx/@x'HJ)iFJ FA)’ —J UFA âJõt ’JF FJ —AH /@x'At )x—@ âJH UFA HA—)@(HAi
3)A @U UFA '@F@(HA3)A i /@F@ ’J 3@’’J Jx'Jx—JH A9(UFA /@)’A i t êUAx—@ @’
wH@3J’’@HJ’ —)õ)AF A@’ wHJ’Jx'J’ êUJ ’J AwH@‘)FA’’JF wAHA âLi9A vx'HAâA J ’A!Ay
w@H A9(Ux’ F@FJx'@’t JHA UF @.’JHâA—@H FU—@ J ü’ âJõJ’ )x/kF@—@ i ë@ HJ9A'@H
@3)/)A9 —@ wAâ)9&Í@Á i t FA’t JF @U'H@’t JHA UF )x'JH9@/U'@H /@F êUJF ’J w@—)A
3A9AH ’@.HJ —)âJH’A’ /@)’A’t ')âJ’’JF @U xÍ@ HJ9AÉÍ@ /@F A .)@FJ—)/)xA
2@’ w@U/@’t /@FJ/J) A FJ '@FAH wAH'J —A wA)’A(JFt JF.@HA ’A).A wJH3J)'Ai
FJx'J êUJ xUx/A 3U) UF ë—J9J’Át —A—@ êUJ A’ 'HAx’3@HFAÉWJ’ —J êUJ x@’ 3A9A OANA''A
e cpzrt —@ J‘[')/@ JF 3AF)9)AH J —[ 3AF)9)AH JF J‘[')/@t ’JFwHJ —J)‘AF âJ’'!()@’
vF.@HA ’JMAF —)3JHJx'J’t 'Ax'@ @ Ax'H@w[9@(@t êUJ wH@/UHA @.MJ')âAH @ ’UMJ)'@ ü ’UA
3HJx'Jt êUAx'@ @’ ë)x3@HFAx'J’Át êUJ wH@/UHAF ’J(U)H /@F @ ’JU 'HA.A9&@ 'HAxêK)9Ai
FJx'Jt A/A.AF @.'Jx—@ HJ’U9'A—@’ —)’')x'@’ 5 Ax'H@w[9@(@ ’J —\ /@x'A —J êUJ 'JF
UF (HUw@ —J wJ’’@A’ /@F A’ êUA)’ J’'A.J9J/JU UFA HJ9AÉÍ@ A3J')âA êUJ U9'HAwA’’A
A’ HJ9AÉWJ’ —J 'HA.A9&@t A’’)F /@F@ @’ )x3@HFAx'J’ —J’/@.HJFi’J wJH(Ux'Ax—@ A@
Ax'H@w[9@(@ /@F@ âA) @ ’JU 'HA.A9&@t ’Jt —@ êUJ J’'\ @.’JHâAx—@t w@—J J‘'HA)H @ êUJ
wH@/UHAt wJH(Ux'Ax—@i9&J w@H FA'QH)A’ 'J[H)/A’ —A Ax'H@w@9@()At 'Jx'Ax—@ Ax\9)’J’
—J A9(UFA ’)'UAÉÍ@ êUJ HJ9A/)@xJ AF.A’ A’ wH\')/A’t @Ut w@H êUJ xÍ@ht wJ—)x—@i9&J
wAHA JH A’ Ax@'AÉWJ’ —@ ’JU /A—JF@ —J /AFw@
8J’’J M@(@t @ Ax'H@w[9@(@ '@FA /@x’/)Lx/)A —J êUJ Q @.’JHâA—@ 'Ax'@ êUAx'@
@.’JHâAy ')âJ J’’A ’UHwHJJx—Jx'J /JH'JõA A@ J9JâAH A â)’'A —Jw@)’ —J J’/HJâJH x@
/A—JF@ —J x@'A’ J âJH UF —@’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á 'Jx'Ax—@ JH w@H /)FA —@ FJU @F.H@y
@U 'AF.QF x@ —)A JF êUJ UFA —A’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ FJ —)’’JC «w@H êUJ â@/L FU—A @ '@F
—A â@õ êUAx—@ wJH(Ux'A A9(UFA /@)’A êUJ Q —J ’JU )x'JHJ’’JthY ç’’@ —JF@x’'H@Ui
FJ êUJ ’J 'HA'AâA —J UF /@ixA’/)FJx'@ 8J’’J M@(@t x@ êUA9 JU /@x’'HU!A ëFJU’
xA')â@’Át J9J’ FJ /@x’'HU!HAF /@F@ Ax'H@w[9@(@
jF A’wJ/'@ —@ 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@ êUJ /A.J HJ’’A9'AH A(@HA J êUJ FJ wHJ@i
/Uw@U —UHAx'J '@—A A )xâJ’')(AÉÍ@ Q @ êUJ ’J HJ3JHJ ü )x’JHÉÍ@ —J’'A wJ’êU)’A x@
FUx—@ /@')—)Ax@ —@ wAâ)9&Í@ v J’'@U 3A9Ax—@ —A /AwA/)—A—J wJH3@HFA')âA —A’
)xâJ’')(AÉWJ’ —J’Jxâ@9â)—A’ wJ9A’ /)Lx/)A’ ’@/)A)’ -@H /AU’A —J UF A/@H—@ '\/)'@
—@’ FQ—)/@’ —@ wAâ)9&Í@ /@F)(@t J9J’ 'JH)AF UF HJ'@F@ —@ êUJ JU 3Aõ)A Jt JF
3UxÉÍ@ —)’’@t 3HJêKJx'JFJx'J FJ ywJH(Ux'AâAF ’J M\ ')x&A A’ /@x/9U’WJ’

97
2@ 'HA.A9&AH JF x@’’A wH[wH)A ’@/)J—A—Jt @ ëA9)Á J @ ëAêU)Á AwH@‘)FAFi’J
3@H'JFJx'J 6JH\ UFA )x(JxU)—A—J wJx’AH êUJ @ êUJ ’J J’/HJâJU xÍ@ 'JH\ J3J)'@’
’@.HJ A â)’Í@ êUJ J9J’ 'LF —J ’) FJ’F@’h 5U ’JH\ UFA êUJ’'Í@ xAH/)’!’'!/A wJx’AH
êUJ @ /@x’'HU/'@ êUJ A9(UQF 3Aõ w@—J )x39U)H x@ êUJ /@')—)AxAFJx'J HJA9)õAF @’
wH[wH)@’ A(Jx'J’h 5’ J‘J/U')â@’ FAx—AHAF 0@9'Ax’D) JH 0@UH—)JU J @U'H@’ ’@/)i
[9@(@’ êUAx—@ 0@9'Ax’D) 9&J’ wJH(Ux'@U @ êUJ JHA UF J‘J/U')â@ e0J/DJHt 0@9'Ax’D)
a 49AâJH)Jt ccfry J9J A’’)xA9A êUJ @ 'HA.A9&@ 3J)'@ wJ9@ ’@/)[9@(@ ’JH\ )x’JH)—@ x@
FUx—@ —@’ A(Jx'J’ Jt —J’’A 3@HFAt Q wHJ/)’@ 9JâAH JF /@x'A A êUJ’'Í@ NA’ /@F@
9Jâ\i9A JF /@x'Ah 4@F@ 'HA.A9&AH A êUJ’'Í@ —J ’A.JH ’J A’ @.’JHâAÉWJ’ w@—JF
F@')âAH wH@.9JFA’ Jx'HJ @’ wH[wH)@’ A(Jx'J’ A êUJ ’J HJ3JHJ A )xâJ’')(AÉÍ@h v’’A
Q @U'HA wAH'J —@ êUJ xÍ@ ’J 3A9A 2 xJ/J’’)—A—J —J wJ9@ FJx@’ /@9@/AH A êUJ’'Í@
JF wAU'A Q —JH)âA—A —@ 3A'@ —J êUJ @’ wH[wH)@’ A(Jx'J’ A 'JHJF J‘w@’'@ JF '@—A
A ’UA )Fw@H'Xx/)A êUAx—@ FJ —)õ)AF êUJ &Aâ)A /@)’A’ êUJ xÍ@ w@—JH)AF ’JH J’/H)i
'A’t —J 3@HFA ’JFJ9&Ax'J ü wJH(Ux'A —)H)()—A A F)Ft —UHAx'J UFA Jx'HJâ)’'A ò
â@/L J’'\ (HAâAx—@hY i Ax'J’ —J 3AõJH HJ3JHLx/)A A UF /@9J(A v’’A’ )x'JHAÉWJ’t
A@ xÍ@ ’JHJF J’/H)'A’t ’Í@ âJH—A—J)H@’ xÍ@i3A'@’t JF.@HA wH@—UõAF ’JU’ J3J)'@’
7U)’ J‘w@Ht FJ’F@ xA )x'H@—UÉÍ@t J’’A’ êUJ’'WJ’ êUJ @ 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@
—J’wJH'AâA JF F)F w@HêUJt ’JF —J’JMAH 3AõJH UFA )xâJ’')(AÉÍ@ wJH’@xA9)’'A J ’JF
êUJHJH /A)H JF UFA HJ39J‘)â)—A—J xAH/)’)’'A e0@UH—)JU a áA/êUAx't ccfrt /@x’)—Ji
HJ) êUJ xÍ@ w@—)A wJ’êU)’AH A HJ9AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ @ ë’A.JHÁ J @ ë’Jx')HÁ xA AwHJx—)õA(JF —A
.)@FJ—)/)xA 3AõJx—@ UFA wJ’êU)’A JF êUJ @ Ax'H@w[9@(@ J’')âJ’’J /@Fw9J'AFJx'J
—)9U!—@t w@HêUJt /@F@ M\ 3@) J‘wHJ’’@t J’’A 'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'J —A .)@FJ—)/)xA 'AFi
.QF Q A —A Ax'H@w@9@()A

f BHeO

v’'J /@)w@ —J /@x&J/)FJx'@’ /@x’')'U) @ êUJ 0J/DJH e cppC cor —Jx@F)x@U ’!F.@9@ —J
UFA wH@3)’’Í@ )—JA9t êUJ ’JH)A «UF /@xMUx'@ —J )—Q)A’ A/JH/A —A /9A’’J —J 'HA.A9&@ 3J)'@
w@H UFA wH@3)’’Í@ HJA9t ’UA’ HJ9AÉWJ’ /@F FJF.H@’ —J @U'HA’ wH@3)’’WJ’t ’UA’ HJ9AÉWJ’
/@F ’JU’ /9)Jx'J’ J @ wè.9)/@ JF (JHA9t @ /AH\'JH —A’ F@')âAÉWJ’ —J ’JU’ FJF.H@’ J A
/9A’’J —J HJ/HU'AFJx'@ J 'HJ)xAFJx'@ xJ/J’’\H)@’ wAHA ’UA wJHwJ'UAÉÍ@Y
m 0@UH—)JU J áA/êUAx' e ccfC dor HJ3JHJFi’J A@ Jx’)x@ —J UF @3!/)@ —)õJx—@C «xÍ@
J‘)’'J @U'HA FAxJ)HA —J A—êU)H)H @’ 3Ux—AFJx'@’ —J UFA wH\')/A e)x/9U’)âJ A /)Jx'!3)i
/Ar êUJ xÍ@ ’JMA wHA')/Ax—@iA /@F AMU—A —J A9(UF (U)A @U 'HJ)xA—@Hy êUJF ’J(UHJ J
'HAxêK)9)õJt êUJF —L @ J‘JFw9@ J /@HH)MA JxUx/)Ax—@t ­I 3%6OI][Qa wHJ/J)'@’ —)HJ'Ai
FJx'J Aw9)/\âJ)’ A@ êI3Q áIU6%êO(IU « e(H)3@’ FJU’r

98
v
r áT DxTg xó'ó d2MjUó

e a HfBCâedte ce n t fnte

5’ J’'U—@’ /&AFA—@’ —J J'x@(HA3)A —A /)Lx/)A )x'J(HAF UF AFw9@ /AFw@


—J )xâJ’')(AÉWJ’ êUJ '@FAF /@F@ @.MJ'@ @ wH@/J’’@ —J wH@—UÉÍ@ —J /@x&J/)i
FJx'@ PA9 /AFw@ )x'JH—)’/)w9)xAH J’'\ A’’@/)A—@ A UF /@xMUx'@ —J )x’')'U)ÉWJ’
J’wJ/!3)/A’ /UM@’ x@FJ’ ’Í@t 3HJêKJx'JFJx'Jt U')9)õA—@’ wAHA —Jx@F)x\i9A’
2’’)Ft w@H J‘JFw9@t J9J Q /&AFA—@ —J 6@/)J'­ 3@H 6@/)A9 6'U—)J’ @3 6/)Jx/J eg6r
@U vUH@wJAx 2’’@/)A')@x 3@H '&J 6'U—)J’ @3 6/)Jx/J Ax— PJ/&x@9@(­ ev266Pr
-@HQFt FA)’ /@FUFJx'Jt Q /&AFA—@ 6/)Jx/Jt PJ/&x@9@(­ Ax— 6@/)J'­ e6P6rt
’Jx—@ J’'A è9')FA ’)(9A U')9)õA—A wAHA HJ3JH)Hi’J A@ /AFw@ JF ’JU /@xMUx'@
6JF J’êUJ/JH @’ —)3JHJx'J’ Jx3@êUJ’ w@H FJ)@ —@’ êUA)’ @’ )xâJ’')(A—@HJ’
’J AwH@‘)FAF —@’ @.MJ'@’ —J J’'U—@t UFA /AHA/'JH!’')/A êUJ @’ A(9U')xA Q A â)’Í@
—A /)Lx/)A /@F@ wH@—U'@ —J UFA /@x’'HUÉÍ@ ’@/)A9t FAH/A—A wJ9A’ /@x')x(Lx/)A’
’)'UA/)@xA)’ J wJ9@’ )x'JHJ’’J’ J’wJ/!3)/@’ —@’ /@x'J‘'@’ x@’ êUA)’ 'A)’ /@x’'HUi
ÉWJ’ ’Í@ HJA9)õA—A’ v’’A Q A HAõÍ@ wJ9A êUA9 ’J '@FA HJ9JâAx'Jt wAHA @ HJ’U9'A—@
@.')—@t ’A.JH @ êUJ A/@x'J/J x@ wH@/J’’@ —J /@x’'HUÉÍ@ —@’ 3A'@’ /)Jx'!3)/@’
8Í@ Q —)3!/)9 wJH/J.JH êUJ A A3)HFAÉÍ@ —@ wAH\(HA3@ Ax'JH)@H )Fw9)/A UFA
â)’Í@ —)3JHJx/)A—A —A /)Lx/)At êUJt JF /JH'A FJ—)—At ’J @wWJ A UFA @U'HAt /AHA/i
'JH)õA—A w@H ’JH —J’)x'JHJ’’A—At A’’@/)A)t J êUJ @wJHA /@F x@HFA’ Ux)âJH’A)’ wAHA
A /@x’'HUÉÍ@ —J /@x&J/)FJx'@ 8A x@âA â)’Í@t @ /AFw@ /)Jx'!3)/@ ’JH\t /@F@ 3@)
—)'@ w@H 0@UH—)JU e cpdC zzrC «UF /AFw@ /@F@ êUA9êUJH @U'H@ /@F ’UA’ HJ9AÉWJ’
—J 3@HÉA J ’JU’ F@x@w[9)@’t ’UA’ 9U'A’ J ’UA’ J’'HA'Q()A’t ’JU’ )x'JHJ’’J’ J ’JU’
9U/H@’t FA’ @x—J '@—A’ J’’A’ )xâAH)Ax'J’ HJ/J.JF 3@HFA’ J’wJ/!3)/A’Y
0HUx@ IA'@UH e czcr U’A A 3)(UHA —@’ —@)’ H@’'@’ —J ãAxU’ wAHA HJwHJ’Jx'AH
A’ —UA’ â)’WJ’ —A /)Lx/)AC UFA ’JH)A AU’'JHAt ’J(UHAt HJ(U9AFJx'A—A J 3@HFA9)õA—Ay
A @U'HA ’JH)A â)âAt /AF.)Ax'J J )x/JH'AC A /)Lx/)A ë3J)'AÁ J A /)Lx/)A ëJF /@x’'HUi
ÉÍ@Á 8A ’J(Ux—At Jx'HAF JF M@(@ '@—A’ A’ /)H/Ux’'Xx/)A’ êUJ Jxâ@9âJF A /@x’i

91
'HUÉÍ@ —J /@x&J/)FJx'@t FA’ xA wA’’A(JF —A ’J(Ux—A wAHA A wH)FJ)HA ’J wJH—J @
/@x'J‘'UA9 —A wH@—UÉÍ@ /)Jx'!3)/A
-@—Ji’J HJ/UwJHAH J’’J /@x'J‘'@ wJH(Ux'Ax—@i’J wJ9A 3@HFA ë/@F@Á @’ /)Jxi
')’'A’ 'HA.A9&AF J ’@.HJ @’ /AF)x&@’ wJ9@’ êUA)’ UF JxUx/)A—@ ë/&J(AÁ A ’JH )x/@Hi
w@HA—@ wJ9A /)Lx/)A ë3J)'AÁ 2 wJH’wJ/')âA —@’ )xâJ’')(A—@HJ’t @H)Ux—@’ —J —)’')x'A’
—)’/)w9)xA’t êUJ /@x3@HFAF @ /AFw@ —A’ 6P6t Q A —J HJ’w@x—JH A J’'J ë/@F@Á
vF —)âJH’@’ AH')(@’ êUJ 'Jx'AF FAwJAH J’’J /AFw@ e6'AHt czzy 1J’')â@t
czzy sJ’’t ccoy PHAqJJDt ccort A ’@/)@9@()A FJH'@x)AxA Q êUA9)3)/A—A /@F@ @
wAHA—)(FA FA)’ )x39UJx'J x@ /@FJÉ@ —J’’J’ J’'U—@’ x@’ v’'A—@’ jx)—@’t x@’
êUA)’ ’J 3@/A9)õAâA A J’'HU'UHA ’@/)A9 J A’ )x’')'U)ÉWJ’ —A /)Lx/)At —J)‘Ax—@ A@’
3)9[’@3@’ A 'AHJ3A —J 'J@H)õAH ’@.HJ @’ /@x'Jè—@’ esJ’’t ccor 2 /)Lx/)A JHA '@FAi
—A /@F@ UFA @/UwAÉÍ@ /@F /JH'@’ âA9@HJ’ —)’')x')â@’ êUJ ’J HJ3@HÉAâAF /@F A’
—)’/U’’WJ’ Jx'HJ wAHJ’ 2 wAH')H —J’’\ wJH’wJ/')âAt 3Jõi’J xJ/J’’\H)@ —J’Jxâ@9âJH
UFA ’QH)J —J )x’'HUFJx'@’ J’'A'!’')/@’ êUJ JHAF Aw9)/A—@’ xA Ax\9)’J —@ 6/)Jx/J
4)'A')@x çx—J‘ ePHAqJJDt ccor
v’’J’ AU'@HJ’ 'AF.QF /@xâJH(JF A@ A3)HFAHJF êUJt x@ )x!/)@ —@’ Ax@’ dut
@’ wH)FJ)H@’ 'HA.A9&@’ xA ’@/)@9@()A —A’ /)Lx/)A’ /@FJÉAHAF A ’JH êUJ’')@xA—@’
8J’’J wH@/J’’@t 'JF 3Ux—AFJx'A9 )Fw@H'Xx/)A @ AwAHJ/)FJx'@ —A @.HA , G36UO6OUI
-I3 b&ÉQ(O]■&3 9%&­6:"%êI3a —J P&@FA’ àU&x e cdmrt êUJ wH@wUx&A UFA â)’Í@
FA)’ ’@/)@9[()/A —A wH@—UÉÍ@ —J /@x&J/)FJx'@ NA’ Q x@’ Ax@’ pu êUJ ’J J’'A.Ji
9J/Jt ’J(Ux—@ 1J’')â@ e czzrt UF —)â)’@H —J \(UA’ êUJ ’JwAHA A âJ9&A ’@/)@9@()A
—A’ /)Lx/)A’ i —@F)xA—A ’@/)@9@()A FJH'@x)AxA i J A x@âA ’@/)@9@()At êUJ 'HAx’i
3@HFAHA @’ 6P6 xJ’’J /@xMUx'@ —J )xâJ’')(AÉWJ’ —@ êUA9 wAH')/)wAF wJ9@ FJx@’
â)x'J —)’/)w9)xA’ —)3JHJx'J’
PAF.QF x@’ Ax@’ pu /@FJÉAF A AwAHJ/JHt JF A9(UFA’ Ux)âJH’)—A—J’ —@’
v’'A—@’ jx)—@’ J —A vUH@wAt /Jx'H@’t —JwAH'AFJx'@’ J wH@(HAFA’ êUJ HJèxJF
J’’J’ )xâJ’')(A—@HJ’ 6J(Ux—@ 6'AH e czzC ccrt «@’ wH)FJ)H@’ wH@(HAFA’ ë6P6Á
e r JHAF 3HJêKJx'JFJx'J 9AHJ’ A/A—LF)/@’ wAHA A /)Lx/)A /H!')/At )’'@ Qt J’'U—@’
êUJ —JF@x’'HAâAF N%I3 eHAÉAt (LxJH@t /9A’’Jr @U wJH)(@’ exU/9JAHt 9)‘@ '[‘)/@t
HJ/@F.)xAÉÍ@ —J O82r x@ 'HA.A9&@ /)Jx'!3)/@Y
6J HJ’’A9'J) êUJ @’ wH@(HAFA’ 6P6 JHAF JF ’JU’ /@FJÉ@’ UFA â)’Í@
/H!')/A —A /)Lx/)At /@F@ ’J HJ3JHJ 6'AH xA /)'AÉÍ@ Ax'JH)@Ht xÍ@ ’J w@—J —J)‘AH —J
x@'AH êUJ sJ’’ e ccoC zr A’’)xA9A A AwAH)ÉÍ@ —@ êUJ /&AFA —J «6P6 /H!')/A’Yt
êUJ A.AH/AH)AF UFA «’QH)J —J HJ—J’ )x'J9J/'UA)’ â)x/U9A—A’t FA’ Jx'HJ J9A’ xÍ@ &\
UFA /@i/)'AÉÍ@ 3J/&A—At xJF UFA ’)Fw9J’ JWx'HAxAHHA')âAt xJF —)\9@(@’ —J wH@i
(HAFA’ AH')/U9A—@’Y v’'A’ 6P6 /H!')/A’ .U’/AH)AF 3@HÉAH @’ 6P6 A HJ'@FAH ’UA’
HA!õJ’ HA—)/A)’ JF F@â)FJx'@’ ’@/)A)’t 'A)’ /@F@ @ 3JF)x)’F@t A ’Aè—J —A FUi
9&JHt @’ —)HJ)'@’ /)â)’t @ wA/)3)’F@ J'/ m
92
OJx'H@ —@’ 6P6t w@—Ji’J —)3JHJx/)AH UF HAF@ /@x&J/)—@ /@F@ 6@/)A9
6'U—)J’ @3 àx@q9J—(J e66àrt êUJ )x/@Hw@HA JF ’JU /AFw@ UFA ’QH)J —J J’'U—@’
J'x@(H\3)/@’ /&AFA—@’ ëJ’'U—@’ —J 9A.@HA'[H)@’Á O@’ )xâJ’')(A—@HJ’ êUJ /@x3@Hi
FAF J’’J (HUw@t w@—JFi’J /)'AHt Jx'HJ FU)'@’ @U'H@’t àAHJx àx@HHi4J')xAt 0HUx@
IA'@UH J 6'JâJ á@@9(AH
sJ’’ e ccor ’U’'Jx'A êUJ @’ Ax'H@w[9@(@’ /@FJÉAHAF A J’'U—AH A /)Lx/)A J
A 'J/x@9@()A /@x'JFw@HXxJA HJ/Jx'JFJx'Jt JF.@HA M\ J‘)’')’’J UFA AFw9A HJ9AÉÍ@
Jx'HJ @’ 66à J A Ax'H@w@9@()A 8J’’A HJ9AÉÍ@t A Ax'H@w@9@()A 3@HxJ/JU @’ HJ/UH’@’
FJ'@—@9[()/@’ /@F @’ êUA)’ ’J HJA9)õAâAF @’ 66à 5’ )xâJ’')(A—@HJ’ )x'JHJ’’Ai
—@’ JF J’'U—AH A /)Lx/)A ëJF /@x’'HUÉÍ@Á J êUJ ’J âA9JHAF —@’ HJ/UH’@’ Ax'H@w@i
9[()/@’ 3@HAF @’ êUJ wH@—Uõ)HAF @’ ëJ’'U—@’ —J 9A.@HA'[H)@Á 8J’'J’t A Lx3A’J
HJ/A) ’@.HJ A @.’JHâAÉÍ@ %­ 3%6O —A A')â)—A—J /)Jx'!3)/A v’’A’ ëJ'x@(HA3)A’ —J
9A.@HA'[H)@Á .U’/AF «A wH@—UÉÍ@ —J UFA —J’/H)ÉÍ@ —@ 'HA.A9&@ /)Jx'!3)/@ x@ w@’i
’!âJ9 xÍ@ @.’'HU!—A wJ9A HJ/@x’'HUÉÍ@ HJ'H@’wJ/')âAY eá@@9(AHt czmC gzor jF
/9\’’)/@ —A’ ëJ'x@(HA3)A’ —J 9A.@HA'[H)@Á Q @ J’'U—@t —J IA'@UH J á@@9(AHt SI R%&
-& SINQUI6Q%U& e czzr 8J9Jt @’ AU'@HJ’ .U’/AF UFA AwH@‘)FAÉÍ@ /@F A /)Lx/)AC

/@x'@HxAx—@ @ —)’/UH’@ —@’ ’\.)@’t 3AF)9)AH)õAx—@i’J /@F A wH@—UÉÍ@


—@’ 3A'@’t wAHA —Jw@)’ HJ'@FAH ’@.HJ ’) J —AH /@x'A —@ êUJ @’ )xâJ’')(Ai
—@HJ’ 3)õJHAF xUFA FJ'A9)x(UA(JF êUJ xA—A —JâJ ü 9)x(UA(JF êUJ ’J
'Jx'A AxA9)’AH vF ’UFAC 'HA'Ai’J —J 3AõJH @ êUJ '@—@’ @’ J'x[(HA3@’
3AõJF J —J Aw9)/AH ü’ /)Lx/)A’ A —J@x'@9@()A &A.)'UA9 —A’ /)Lx/)A’ &UFAi
xA’C 3AF)9)AH)õAHi’J /@F UF 'JHHJx@ wJHFAxJ/Jx—@ )x—JwJx—Jx'J J ü —)’i
'Xx/)A eIA'@UH a á@@9(AH czzC mor

-@’'JH)@HFJx'Jt IA'@UH J á@@9(AH A3)HFAF êUJ xÍ@ 3)õJHAF 'U—@ @ êUJ


J'x[(HA3@’ —JâJH)AFt w@’'@ êUJ xÍ@ 'Jx'AHAF HJ/@x’'HU)H @ FUx—@ â)â)—@ wJ9@’
)x3@HFAx'J’ 6@.HJ )’’@t J9J’ /@FJx'AFC «'@FAF@’ —)’'Xx/)A ’JF wH@/UHAH ’JH
w’)/@9@()/AFJx'J MU’'@’Y eIA'@UH a á@@9(AHt czzC o r 5’ HJ/UH’@’ êUJ J9J’
'@FAF —A Ax'H@w@9@()A ’Í@ A @.’JHâAÉÍ@ wAH')/)wAx'J J @ —)’'Ax/)AFJx'@ v’'J
è9')F@ HJ/UH’@ Q @ êUJ x@’ wJHF)'J /@x'HAw@H @ 'HA.A9&@ —J IA'@UH J á@@9(AH A@
—J àAHJx àx@HHi4J')xA
àx@HHi4J')xA e cz r /@x’)—JHA êUJ @’ @.MJ'@’ /)Jx'!3)/@’ J @’ 3A'@’ /)Jx'!3)/@’
’Í@ —JH)âA—@’ —J —J/)’WJ’t w@—Jx—@t A’’)Ft ’JH —J’/@x’'HU!—@’ wJ9A )Fw@’)ÉÍ@ —J
—J/)’WJ’ A9'JHxA')âA’ -@H J’’A HAõÍ@t /@x’)—JHA êUJ A ’J9J')â)—A—J —A’ —J/)’WJ’ )x/@Hi
w@HA—A’ x@’ 'HA.A9&@’ Q 'AF.QF UF '[w)/@ —J )xâJ’')(AÉÍ@ 2’’)Ft —J3)xJ @ 9A.@HA'[i
H)@ /@F@ UFA FJHA «A/UFU9AÉÍ@ 9@/A9 —J FA'JH)A9)õAÉWJ’ —J ’J9JÉWJ’ wHQâ)A’Y
-AHA w@—JH J’'U—AH J’’J’ wH@/J’’@’ ’J9J')â@’t A AU'@HA A’’)xA9A A xJ/J’’)i
—A—J —J /@x'AH /@F UH')A ëFJ'@—@9@()A ’Jx’)')âAÁ w@H J9A @w@’'A A UFA ëFJ'@—@9@()A

93
3H)AÁ v’’A FJ'@—@9@()A ’Jx’)')âA HJêUJH «Ax'J’ —J FA)’ xA—A UF /@FwH@F)’’@
FJ'@—@9[()/@ x@ 9U(AH —J UFA ’JwAHAÉÍ@y êQ­6I6Q &) É&ú -& -%36°­ê%I e(H)3@ FJUry
)x'JHJ’’J JF âJõ —J —J’)x'JHJ’’Jy %­6&U3ON;&6%É%-I-& )&6Q-Q(4\%êI e(H)3@ —A AU'@i
HAr JF âJõ —J xJU'HA9)—A—JY eàx@HHi4J')xAt cz C pr 5 @.MJ')â@t A@ U')9)õAH J’’A
FJ'@—@9@()A ’Jx’)')âAt Q /&J(AH A UFA «/@x’'HU')â)—A—J —J’/Jx'HA—AY
vF @U'H@ 'HA.A9&@t á@@9(AH e czmr —J3Jx—J UFA @H)Jx'AÉÍ@ êUJ )x'J(HJ @
wJ’êU)’A—@H wAHA @’ J’'U—@’ —J 9A.@HA'[H)@t 3A9Ax—@ —J UFA J'x@(HA3)A HJ39J‘)âAt
wH@âAâJ9FJx'J )x39UJx/)A—@ w@H UF ()H@ wJH’@xA9)’'A —J UFA wAH'J —A Ax'H@w@9@()A
x@H'JiAFJH)/AxA x@ )x!/)@ —@’ Ax@’ zu 8J’’J ')w@ —J J'x@(HA3)At @ )x'JHJ’’J xÍ@ ’J
Jx/@x'HA xA —J’/H)ÉÍ@ —J 'A9 @U êUA9 9A.@HA'[H)@t FA’ x@ w@x'@ JF êUJ J’’J’ J’'U—@’
J'x@(H\3)/@’ wJHF)'JF HJ39J')H ’@.HJ A’wJ/'@’ @.MJ')âA—@’ —J x@’’A /U9'UHA 2’ wH\i
')/A’ —J 9A.@HA'[H)@ ’[ ’Í@ )x'JHJ’’Ax'J’ xA FJ—)—A JF êUJ )x3@HFAF ’@.HJ A’ wH\i
')/A’ —J HA/)@/!x)@ JF (JHA9
v’’A AwH@wH)AÉÍ@ —@’ HJ/UH’@’ Ax'H@w@9[()/@’ 3Jõ /@F êUJ IA'@UH eAwU—
sJ’’t ccor /@x’)—JHA’’J A w@’’).)9)—A—J —J HJA9)õAH UFA Ax'H@w@9@()A —A /)Lx/)A
«’JF Ax'H@w[9@(@’Y 2 )’’@t sJ’’ e ccor HJ’w@x—J êUJ 'A)’ 'HA.A9&@’ xÍ@ ’Í@
J'x@(HA3)A’ Ax'H@w@9[()/A’t wAHJ/Jx—@i’J FA)’ /@F 'HA'A—@’ —J 3)9@’@3)A JFw!H)/A
-@H )’’@t /&AFA @’ 66à J @’ 6P6 /H!')/@’ wAHA @ J’'A.J9J/)FJx'@ —J UF —)\9@(@
/@x’'HU')â@ êUJt .A’JA—@ xA Ax'H@w@9@()At )x/@Hw@HJ 'JF\')/A’ —J /9A’’Jt (LxJH@t
HAÉA J'/ 4@x'U—@t J’’A HJ9AÉÍ@ ’J J’'A.J9J/JH)A xÍ@ A'HAâQ’ —J wJH(Ux'A’ ’@.HJ
/@F@ @’ /@x/J)'@’ —J «/9A’’Jt (LxJH@ J HAÉA ’Í@ è'J)’ ü /)Lx/)A J ü 'J/x@9@()At
FA’ J’'A 'HA—)ÉÍ@ w@—JH)A wJH(Ux'AHi’J @ êUJ A /)Lx/)A J 'J/x@9@()A ’)(x)3)/AF
wAHA —)3JHJx'J’ (HUw@’ —J (Jx'J A’’)xA9A—@’ wJ9A’ /A'J(@H)A’ /U9'UHA9FJx'J
’)(x)3)/Ax'J’ —J /9A’’Jt (LxJH@t HAÉAt J'/ Y esJ’’t ccoC m r
2’ )xâJ’')(AÉWJ’ ’@.HJ A .)@FJ—)/)xA /@FJÉAHAF &\ â\H)A’ —Q/A—A’t FA’
J’’J’ 'HA.A9&@’ 3@HAF HJA9)õA—@’ 3Ux—AFJx'A9FJx'J x@ FAH/@ —A ’@/)@9@()A —A’
wH@3)’’WJ’ 2’’)Ft BHJ)—’@x e cpzr 'Jx'A HJ’(A'AH A @H(Ax)õAÉÍ@ ’@/)A9t w@9!')/A J
J/@xkF)/A —A wH@3)’’Í@ FQ—)/A Jt M\ xA’ wH)FJ)HA’ 9)x&A’ —J ’JU 'HA.A9&@t A’’)xA9A
êUJ J9J ’J /@x’')'U) «xUFA AFw9A Ax\9)’J —J UFA wH@3)’’Í@Yy '@—Aâ)At x@ wH[9@(@t
A3)HFA êUJ ’UA J’'HA'Q()A ’J A’’Jx'@U xA Ax\9)’J —@ /@x&J/)FJx'@ A wAH')H —A’
wH\')/A’ —J ’JU’ w@H'A—@HJ’ /@x/HJ'@’ e@ êUJ @ AwH@‘)FA —@’ 6P6r -AHA HJA9)õAH
UFA Ax\9)’J —J’’J ')w@ ’JF 3AõJH UFA J'x@(HA3)At @ AU'@H JFwHJJx—J UFA —J’/H)i
ÉÍ@ —A’ wH\')/A’ FQ—)/A’ —J /@x’U9'[H)@ J —J &@’w)'A)’
PAF.QF x@ FAH/@ —A ’@/)@9@()A AFJH)/AxAt w@—Ji’J /)'AH 0J/DJH e cd rt
êUJ HJA9)õA UF J’'U—@ )x'Jx’)â@ ’@.HJ A 3@HFA wJ9A êUA9 @’ J’'U—Ax'J’ —J FJ—)/)xA
A—êU)HJF A’ x@HFA’ —@ Ux)âJH’@ wH@3)’’)@xA9 PAF.QF AêU) ’J )x’/HJâJ -AH’@x’t
êUJ —J’Jxâ@9âJ @ /@x/J)'@ —J ëwAwJ9 —J —@Jx'JÁ J HJA9)õA A Ax\9)’J —A wH@3)’’Í@

95
FQ—)/A /@F@ UFA wH\')/A 9).JHA9 OA FJ’FA 3@HFAt xÍ@ ’J w@—J —J)‘AH —J FJx/)i
@xAH @ 'HA.A9&@ HJA9)õA—@ w@H T@33FAxt í­6&U­I-Q3 e czzrt x@ êUA9 —J’Jxâ@9âJ
AFA J‘/J9Jx'J J'x@(HA3)A —J UF &@’w)'A9 w’)êU)\'H)/@ vF.@HA /@F UF )x'JHJ’’J
—)’')x'@ —J’'J J’'U—@t J9J 3@/A9)õA 3Ux—AFJx'A9FJx'J @ FUx—@ ’@/)A9 —@’ wA/)Jx'J’
)x'JHxA—@’t J xÍ@ A’ wH\')/A’ —@’ FQ—)/@’ w’)êU)A'HA’ —A )x’')'U)ÉÍ@t AxA9)’A—A’ x@
/Aw!'U9@ 3)xA9t êUAx—@ 'HA'A —A HJ9AÉÍ@ —@ F@—J9@ FQ—)/@ J —A &@’w)'A9)õAÉÍ@ w’)i
êU)\'H)/A OJx'H@ —J’’J ')w@ —J Jx3@êUJt A êUAx')—A—J —J 'HA.A9&@’ A JxUFJHAH
’JH)A FU)'@ J‘'Jx’At J’/AwAx—@ A@ FJU @.MJ')â@
5U'H@ )Fw@H'Ax'J /@xMUx'@ —J )xâJ’')(AÉWJ’ êUJ /@x3@HFA @ /AFw@ —A
Ax'H@w@9@()A FQ—)/A x@H'JiAFJH)/AxA A.AH/A @’ J’'U—@’ )x'JH/U9'UHA)’ —@’ ’)’'Ji
FA’ FQ—)/@’ '@FAx—@ UFA FJ'@—@9@()A FA)’ J'x@(H\3)/A eT@@—t ccoy T@@— J'
A9 t ccmr 8J’’J Jx3@êUJt A .)@FJ—)/)xA ’JH)A UFA J'x@FJ—)/)xA Jx'HJ @U'H@’
’)’'JFA’ FQ—)/@’
v’'J’ AU'@HJ’ ’U’'Jx'AF êUJ A .)@FJ—)/)xA —JâJ ’JH AwHJJx—)—A JF ’UA
—)FJx’Í@ &)’'[H)/At ’@/)A9 J /U9'UHA9 4@F 'A9 @.MJ')â@t HJA9)õAHAF )xâJ’')(AÉWJ’ A
3)F —J /Aw'AH A’ wH\')/A’ FQ—)/A’ /@x'J‘'UA9)õA—A’ esA&xt czfy à9J)xFAxt cpzy
PAU’’)(t ccmy sJ9FAxt czfr ovF 'HA.A9&@ HJ/Jx'Jt T@@— e ccfr A’’)xA9A êUJ @’
J’'U—@’ Ax'H@w@9[()/@’ A'UA)’ —A .)@FJ—)/)xA )x/9UJF \HJA’ /@F@ A )FUx@9@()At @
wH@MJ'@ (Jx@FA &UFAx@t A 'J/x@9@()A HJwH@—U')âAt A AwHJx—)õA(JF FQ—)/A J )xi
âJ’')(AÉWJ’ ’@.HJ 2)—’t /@9@/Ax—@ J’’A’ )xâJ’')(AÉWJ’ xUFA HJ9AÉÍ@ —J
/@Fw9JFJx'AH)—A—J /@F @’ wH@MJ'@’ —@’ 6P6
OJâJi’J 'AF.QF FJx/)@xAH AêU) @’ J’'U—@’ —J’Jxâ@9â)—@’ w@H )xâJ’')(A—@i
HJ’ 3HAx/J’J’ êUJ 'HA.A9&AF /@F 'JF\')/A’ HJ9A/)@xA—A’ /@F A .)@FJ—)/)xA e49AâHJU9t
czoy0A’õAx(JHt cz t czot cc yB@U/AU9't cc ysJHõ9)/&a-)JHHJ't cc t ccmrt
@U @U'H@’ êUJ 3@/A9)õAF A HJ9AÉÍ@ —J’'A /@F A’ ëFJ—)/)xA’ wAHA9J9A’Á ev9õ)QHJt czdy
NUJ9iOHJ­3U’t czgr

e ê tBg ac tntf e a eO g a c tntfeO â Bg fHtneO

6j14çNv8P5 v sv4vN58çE2“*5 O5 N5OvI5 0ç5N”Oç45

8Í@ /HJ)@ J’'AH (JxJHA9)õAx—@ FU)'@ A@ A3)HFAH êUJt JF '@—A’ A’ ’@/)J—Ai


—J’t Q Jx/@x'HA—@ UF /@xMUx'@ —J HJwHJ’Jx'AÉWJ’ J wH\')/A’ êUJ 'Jx'A J‘w9)/AH J
/@x'H@9AH A’ FAx)3J’'AÉWJ’ —@ wH@/J’’@ —J ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉA eJF UF ’Jx')—@ AFw9@r
PAFw@U/@ ’JH)A UF JêU!â@/@ AH(UFJx'AH êUJ J’’A’ HJwHJ’Jx'AÉWJ’ J wH\i
')/A’ ’J )x/9UJF xUF /@xMUx'@ FA)@H —J A3)HFAÉWJ’ ’@.HJ /@F@ /A—A ’@/)J—A—J
J‘w9)/A ’JU w@’)/)@xAFJx'@ x@ FUx—@t A3)HFAÉWJ’ J’’A’ êUJ /@x3@HFAF UF ')w@

96
—J'JHF)xA—@ —J /@x3)(UHAÉÍ@ ’@/)A9 O@ FJ’F@ F@—@t w@—Ji’J ’U’'Jx'AH êUJ
J’’A â)’Í@ —J FUx—@ xÍ@ Q UF /@xMUx'@ )FU'\âJ9C FU—A —J UF F@FJx'@ J’wJ/!i
3)/@ wAHA @U'H@t @ êUJ ’J 3Aõ —J A/@H—@ /@F A’ w@’’).)9)—A—J’ —J 'HAx’3@HFAÉÍ@ —J
êUJ J’’A ’@/)J—A—J Q /AwAõ
v’’J’ wH@/J’’@’ —J ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉA /@9@/AF JF HJ9AÉÍ@ —UA’ @H—Jx’ —)3Ji
HJx'J’ —J ëHJA9)—A—JÁC A @H—JF .)@9[()/A J A @H—JF ’@/)A9 vx/@x'HAHi’JiÍ@ —)3JHJxi
ÉA’ ’)(x)3)/A')âA’ —J A/@H—@ /@F A )Fw@H'Xx/)A êUJ /A—A ’@/)J—A—J A'H).UA A UFA
@U A @U'HA @H—JF 29(UFA’ ’@/)J—A—J’ w@—JHÍ@ J‘w9)/AH J’’J’ wH@/J’’@’ .A’JAxi
—@i’J JF UFA —J’’A’ @H—Jx’y JF @U'HA’t J’’A w@’’).)9)—A—J Q )FwJx’\âJ9C ë@ .)@i
9[()/@Á J ë@ ’@/)A9Á J’'Í@ Jx'HJ9AÉA—@’ —J 'A9 F@—@ êUJ UF wHJ’/)x—J —@ @U'H@
5 /@xMUx'@ —J’’A’ HJwHJ’Jx'AÉWJ’ J wH\')/A’ êUJt xA /U9'UHA @/)—Jx'A9 F@i
—JHxAt 'JF wHJJF)xLx/)A x@ 'HA'AFJx'@ x@’ wH@/J’’@’ —J ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉA wH)@H)õ@U
A @H—JF .)@9[()/At w@’’).)9)'Ax—@t —J’’A 3@HFAt A /@x3)(UHAÉÍ@ —@ êUJ ’J /@x&J/J
/@F@ ëF@—J9@ .)@FQ—)/@Á @U .)@FJ—)/)xA v’’J F@—J9@ ’J )Fwk’ /@F@ UF ’A.JH
’@.HJ A —@JxÉAg Jt FAxJMA—@ w@H UF /@Hw@ —J J’wJ/)A9)’'A’t @ F@â)FJx'@ @/A’)@i
x@U @ —J’Jxâ@9â)FJx'@ —J UFA )Fw@H'Ax'J )x’')'U)ÉÍ@C ëA’ /)Lx/)A’ FQ—)/A’Á
vx(J9 e cppC mcrt /@x'J’'Ax—@ AêUJ9J’ êUJ A3)HFAâAF A J‘)’'Lx/)A —J UFA
/H)’J xA w’)êU)A'H)A J êUJ wHJ'Jx—)AF 'JH UFA wH\')/A FA)’ wH[‘)FA —A .)@FJ—)/)xAt
JF â)H'U—J —J ’UA J‘A')—Í@ J @.MJ')â)—A—Jt ’U’'Jx'A êUJ A FJ—)/)xA 'AF.QF J’'\ JF
/H)’J OJ A/@H—@ /@F @ AU'@Ht A /AU’A —J’’A /H)’J ’J wH@—Uõ wJ9A A—J’Í@ A UF
F@—J9@ —J —@JxÉA «xÍ@ FU)'@ A—JêUA—@ ü’ 'AHJ3A’ /)Jx'!3)/A’ J ü’ HJ’w@x’A.)9)—A—J’
’@/)A)’ xJF —A FJ—)/)xA xJF —A w’)êU)A'H)AY v’’J F@—J9@ —J —@JxÉA âA) ’JH —J3)x)i
—@ /@F@ ë.)@FQ—)/@Á Jt 'Jx—@ ’UA’ .A’J’ xA .)@9@()A F@9J/U9AHt ’UA A3)HFAÉÍ@ 3Uxi
—AFJx'A9 Q êUJ «A —@JxÉA w@—J ’JH /@Fw9J'AFJx'J J‘w9)/A—A wJ9@ —J’â)@ —A’ x@HFA’
—J âAH)\âJ)’ .)@’’@F\')/A’ FJx’UH\âJ)’Y e).)— t w our PA9 F@—J9@ xÍ@ —J)‘A J’wAi
É@ wAHA A’ —)FJx’WJ’ ’@/)A)’t w’)/@9[()/A’ J /@Fw@H'AFJx'A)’ êUJ 'JH)AF )x39ULx/)A
xA —@JxÉA PJFt w@H'Ax'@t ’UA’ .A’J’ xUF HJ—U/)@x)’F@ .)@9@()’'A x@ êUA9 A’ —@Jxi
ÉA’ ’JH)AF ’U3)/)Jx'JFJx'J J‘w9)/A—A’ wJ9A 9)x(UA(JF —A 3!’)/A J —A êU!F)/Ay —@
FJ’F@ F@—@t A’ —@JxÉA’ ëFJx'A)’Á ’J J‘w9)/AH)AF wJ9@’ 'HAx’'@Hx@’ 3!’)/@’
’U.MA/Jx'J’ 2’’)Ft «A —JF@x’'HAÉÍ@ —J UF —J’â)@ .)@êU!F)/@ J’wJ/!3)/@ Q (JHA9i
FJx'J UF /H)'QH)@ —J —)A(x[’')/@ J’wJ/!3)/@ —A —@JxÉAY e).)—t w o r
2 /@x/J)'UA9)õAÉÍ@ êUJ ’J 3Aõ —A —@JxÉA A wAH')H —A .)@FJ—)/)xA Q wH@—U'@
—J’’A â)’Í@ ëxA'UHA9)õAx'JÁ J ë@.MJ')âAx'JÁ êUJ /@x/9U) ’JHJF A’ —@JxÉA’ «Jx')—Ai
—J’ /AHA/'JH)õA—A’ wJ9@ FJx@’ w@H —@)’ @U 'HL’ /H)'QH)@’C UF A(Jx'J J')@9[()/@
HJ/@x&J/)—@t UF (HUw@ —J ’)xA)’ J ’)x'@FA’ )—Jx')3)/\âJ)’ J A9'JHAÉWJ’ AxA'kF)/A’
/@x’)’'Jx'J’Y esA&xt czmC mmor ” A’’)F êUJ 4AFAH(@ ãH e ccmAr ’U’'Jx'A êUJ
UF (HUw@ —J HJwHJ’Jx'AÉWJ’ )x'J(HAx'J’ —@ êUJ /&AFA —J «—@U'H)xA FQ—)/A )Fw9!i

9
/)'AY J êUJ /@x’')'U)H)AF A J’w)x&A —@H’A9 —A’ /)Lx/)A’ FQ—)/A’ )x/9U)H)AF UFA
—J3)x)ÉÍ@ —J —@JxÉA’ —@ ’J(U)x'J ')w@C

ôA’ —@JxÉA’í ’Í@ Jx')—A—J’ —J J‘)’'Lx/)A /@x/HJ'At 3)‘A J )FU'\âJ9t —J


9U(AH wAHA 9U(AH J —J wJ’’@A wAHA wJ’’@Ay A’ —@JxÉA’ ’J J‘wHJ’’AF w@H
UF /@xMUx'@ —J ’)xA)’ J ’)x'@FA’t êUJ ’Í@ FAx)3J’'AÉWJ’ —J 9J’WJ’t êUJ
—JâJF ’JH .U’/A—A’ w@H ’UA âJõ x@ XFA(@ —@ @H(Ax)’F@ J /@HH)()—A’ w@H
A9(UF ')w@ —J )x'JHâJxÉÍ@ /@x/HJ'A e4AFAH(@ ãH t ccmAC ogr

4@F@ F@’'HAHJ) FA)’ A—)Ax'Jt J’'A /@x/J)'UA9)õAÉÍ@ —A —@JxÉA /@F@ A9(@


FJHAFJx'J .)@9[()/@ 'JH)A )Fw@H'Ax'J’ /@x’JêKLx/)A’ xA wH\')/A FQ—)/A eNA9'JHU—t
ccfy PAU’’)(t ccmr -@—JH)A —)õJHt 3AõJx—@ F)x&A’ A’ wA9AâHA’ —J IJ 0HJ'@x
e ccfC zcrt êUJ A’ HAõWJ’ —A J3)/\/)A —A FJ—)/)xA ’JH)AF 'AF.QF A’ —J ’UA 3A9&AC
«HJ/@HHJH A UF /@Hw@ êUJ xÍ@ )x/9U) @ &@FJFY
v /@F .A’J xJ’'A ’JwAHAÉÍ@ êUJ ’J 3Ux—AFJx'AHÍ@ A’ /H!')/A’ 3J)'A’ ü
.)@FJ—)/)xA A wAH')H —J ’JU wH[wH)@ /AFw@ J —@ /AFw@ —A’ /)Lx/)A’ ’@/)A)’ xA
—)’/U’’Í@ ’UH()—A /@F A 'Jx'A')âA —J J‘w9)/AH @ /HJ’/)FJx'@ —@’ F@—J9@’ FQ—)i
/@’ A9'JHxA')â@’ @U wAHA9J9@’
-@H /AU’A —J’’A Lx3A’J ’@.HJ A @H—JF .)@9[()/At A .)@FJ—)/)xA ’J w@’'U9A
/@F@ Ux)âJH’A9y A’’)Ft ’JU’ HJ’U9'A—@’ ’JH)AF /@FwH@âA—@’ JF —)’')x'@’ /@x'J‘i
'@’ ’@/)A)’ -@H )’’@t 4&AH9J’ IJ’9)J J BHJ—JH)/D OUFF /Ux&AHAF @ 'JHF@ «FJ—)i
/)xA /@’F@w@9)'AY wAHA )—Jx')3)/AH «@ ’)’'JFA —J /@x&J/)FJx'@ J —J @H(Ax)õAÉÍ@ J
wH\')/A wH@3)’’)@xA9 êUJ JFJH(J x@ 5/)—Jx'Jt FA’ êUJ HAw)—AFJx'J wA’’A A ’JH
'HAx’/U9'UHA9 J wH@JF)xJx'J JF FU)'@’ 9@/A)’ xÍ@ @/)—Jx'A)’ —UHAx'J @ ’Q/U9@ llY
eAwU— T@@—t ccfC gdmr -AHA A AU'@HAt J’'J F@—J9@ 'HAx’/U9'UHA9 Q HJ)x'JHwHJ'A—@
9@/A9FJx'J Jt ’Jx—@ A’’)Ft A’ xAHHA')âA’ J @’ ë3A'@’Á ’Í@ JFwHJ(A—@’ —J A/@H—@
/@F A’ 3@HFA’ /U9'UHA)’ J’wJ/!3)/A’t @ êUJ 9&J wJHF)')H\ 3A9AH —J ë.)@FJ—)/)xA’Á
x@ w9UHA9t FA)’ —@ êUJ —J UF ’)Fw9J’ /@Hw@ —J /@x&J/)FJx'@’ J —J wH\')/A’ v’’A
'Jx’Í@ Jx'HJ @ 9@/A9 J @ (9@.A9t wAHA J9At —JâJH)A ’JH @ 3@/@ —J x@âA’ )xâJ’')(AÉWJ’
4@x'U—@t A)x—A êUJ /@x/@H—J /@F A J‘)’'Lx/)A —J UFA AwH@wH)AÉÍ@ 9@/A9 —A
.)@FJ—)/)xAt /@F@ HJ’’A9'AHJ) x@’ /Aw!'U9@’ w@’'JH)@HJ’t 'AF.QF @.’JHâJ) êUJ A
FJ’FA (9@.A9)õAÉÍ@ 3Aõ /@F êUJ A’ wH\')/A’ J’'JMAF /A—A âJõ FA)’ Ux)3@HF)õA—A’
v’’A Ux)3@HF)õAÉÍ@ 3@) @/A’)@xA—A wJ9A /)H/U9AÉÍ@ —@’ 'HA.A9&@’ /)Jx'!3)/@’ J wJ9A
A/J)'AÉÍ@ —J êUJ @’ FJ9&@HJ’ HJ/UH’@’ wAHA 'HA'AH —@’ wH@/J’’@’ —J ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉA
’Í@ A’ .A’J’ HA/)@xA9)’'A’ J /)Jx')3)/)’'A’ xA’ êUA)’ ’J 3Ux—AFJx'A A .)@FJ—)/)xA
2 Lx3A’J —A .)@FJ—)/)xA xA @H—JF .)@9[()/A xÍ@ w@—J ’JH /@FwHJJx—)—A A
FJx@’ êUJ ’J 3AÉA HJ3JHLx/)A A@ wH@/J’’@ ’@/)A9 êUJ 9Jâ@U A FJ—)/)xA A ’J —J’Jxâ@9âJH
/@F@ UFA —)’/)w9)xA /)Jx'!3)/@iHA/)@xA9 -AHA )’’@t Q xJ/J’’\H)@ HJF@x'AH ü’ FU—Axi
ÉA’ êUJ ’J wH@—Uõ)AF xA â)’Í@ —@ &@FJF J —@ FUx—@ x@’ ’Q/U9@’ lGç J lGçç

90
P@FAx—@ @’ AH(UFJx'@’ —J I@U)’ OUF@x' e czpt ccmrt w@—JH)A 3A9AH —J
—@)’ ')w@’ —J /@x3)(UHAÉÍ@ ’@/)A)’ —)3JHJx'J’C w@H UF 9A—@t A /@x3)(UHAÉÍ@ )x—)â)i
—UA9)’'AiUx)âJH’A9)’'Ay Jt w@H @U'H@t A /@x3)(UHAÉÍ@ &@9)’'A 2 ’@/)J—A—J @/)—Jx'A9
F@—JHxA ’J AMU’'AH)A A@ wH)FJ)H@ ')w@ —J /@x3)(UHAÉÍ@t —Ax—@ wHJJF)xLx/)A A@
)x—)â!—U@ /@F@ âA9@H OJ’’A 3@HFAt JF /A—A UF —J9J’ J’'AH\ HJwHJ’Jx'A—A A J’i
’Lx/)A —A ’@/)J—A—J ^ —)3JHJxÉA —J’'At xA ë/@x3)(UHAÉÍ@ &@9)’'AÁt /@F@ Q AwHJi
’Jx'A—A xA’ ’@/)J—A—J’ 'HA—)/)@xA)’t A Lx3A’J HJ/A) ’@.HJ A ’@/)J—A—J JF ’JU /@xi
MUx'@t ’Jx—@ A x@ÉÍ@ —J )x—)â!—U@ —J’/@x&J/)—A f
2 ë/@x3)(UHAÉÍ@Á )x—)â)—UA9)’'A A/AHHJ'A 'HL’ )Fw@H'Ax'J’ /@x’JêKLx/)A’C «A
HA/)@xA9)õAÉÍ@ J @ A3A’'AFJx'@ —W ’Jx’!âJ9t A 3HA(FJx'AÉÍ@ —@’ —@F!x)@’ J A
Ux)âJH’A9)õAÉÍ@ —@’ ’A.JHJ’t A )x'JH)@H)õAÉÍ@ J w’)/@9@()õAÉÍ@ —@’ ’UMJ)'@’Y eOUAH'J
ccdCpr 5 —J’Jxâ@9â)FJx'@ —A .)@FJ—)/)xAt wAHA ’UA /H)’'A9)õAÉÍ@ /@F@ F@—J9@t
xJ/J’’)'@U —@ /@xMUx'@ —J 'HAx’3@HFAÉWJ’ —J/@HH)—A’ —J’’A /@x3)(UHAÉÍ@t .JF
/@F@ —A x@âA /@x/JwÉÍ@ —J wJ’’@A êUJ A'H).U)U A@ )x—)â!—U@ /@F âA9@H ’UwHJF@
8@’ ’Q/U9@’ lGç J lGççt xA vUH@wA @/)—Jx'A9t (JH@Ui’J UFA HUw'UHA
Jw)’'JF@9[()/A @/A’)@xA—A wJ9@ A—âJx'@ —A 3)9@’@3)A FJ/Ax)/)’'At êUJt JF /@xMUx'@
/@F @’ AâAxÉ@’ êUJ 4@wQF)/@t àJw9JH J TA9)9JU wH@—Uõ)AF xA 3!’)/At wH@wWJ UFA
x@âA 3@HFA —J Jx'Jx—JH @ FUx—@ 8J’’J F@FJx'@t A J‘w9)/AÉÍ@ ’@.HJ A xA'UHJõA
/@F .A’J xA’ /@x/JwÉWJ’ HJ9)()@’A’ —\ 9U(AH A J9U/)—AÉWJ’ J’/H)'A’ JF 3[HFU9A’
FA'JF\')/A’ J A.’'HA'A’ 5 FUx—@ wA’’A A ’JH J‘w9)/A—@ w@H AxA9@()A ü F\êU)xAt
@U ’JMAt w@H FJ)@ —J F@â)FJx'@’ J /@F.)xAÉWJ’ —J J9JFJx'@’ FA'JH)A)’
8A wA’’A(JF —A /)Lx/)A /@x'JFw9A')âAt /@F ’UA’ J‘w9)/AÉWJ’ HJ9)()@’A’t ü
/)Lx/)A A')âA J ü’ J‘w9)/AÉWJ’ HA/)@xA9)’'A’t ’UH(J UF FUx—@ —J 3A'@’ Ux)/AFJx'J
AwHJJx’!âJ)’ w@H UF wJx’AFJx'@ FJ'[—)/@ J HA/)@xA9 v’’A FU—AxÉA xA â)’Í@ —@
FUx—@t A3J'Ax—@ A /)Lx/)At 3@HFAâA wAH'J —J UF wH@/J’’@ êUJ A.AH/AâA '@—A A
’@/)J—A—J -AHA v9)A’ e ccgrt J’’J wH@/J’’@ ’J .A’JAâA xA )Fw@H'Xx/)A /HJ’/Jx'Jt
A wAH')H —@ ’Q/U9@ lGçt —A HA/)@xA9)õAÉÍ@ J —A w’)/@9@()õAÉÍ@ —A’ HJ9AÉWJ’
J’'A.J9J/)—A’ Jx'HJ @’ )x—)â!—U@’ u êUJ FU—A xJ’’J F@FJx'@ ’Í@ @’ qIN%6O3 —J
â)—A —@’ &@FJx’t J v9)A’ e ccgC gzpr /AHA/'JH)õAâA 'A)’ FU—AxÉA’ /@F@ AêUJ9A’
êUJ A3J'AâAF @ &@FJF JF «’JU /@Fw@H'AFJx'@ e rt ’UA /@x’/)Lx/)A J @ /@xi
MUx'@ —J ’UA J’'HU'UHA )FwU9’)âA 2’ ë/)H/Ux’'Xx/)A’Á êUJ ’J F@—)3)/AF xÍ@ ’Í@
A9(@ êUJ âLF —@ ëJ‘'JH)@HÁ —@’ ’JHJ’ &UFAx@’C ’Í@ A’ HJ9AÉWJ’ Jx'HJ @’ wH[wH)@’
’JHJ’ &UFAx@’Y
8J’’J F@FJx'@t êUAx—@ ’J HJ—J3)xJF A’ HJ9AÉWJ’ Jx'HJ @’ &@FJx’t F@—)i
3)/Ai’J 'AF.QF ’UA w@’)ÉÍ@ x@ FUx—@t w@HêUJ @ &@FJF ’UH(J /@F@ ’UMJ)'@
)x—)â)—UA9)õA—@ 8A /@x3)(UHAÉÍ@ —@ FUx—@ HJxA’/Jx')’'At @ &@FJF xÍ@ JHA —)3Ji
HJx/)A—@ —A 'HAFA /@FUx)'\H)A J /[’F)/Ay FA’t MUx'@ /@F A Jw)’'JF@9@()A

17
FJ/Ax)/)’'At ’UH(J A x@ÉÍ@ —J /@Hw@ /@F@ 3A'@H —J )x—)â)—UA9)õAÉÍ@ 8A’ wA9AâHA’
—J IJ 0HJ'@x e ccfC gdrC

/@F @ ’Jx')FJx'@ x@â@ —J ’JH UF )x—)â!—U@t —J ’JH J9JiFJ’F@t Ax'J’ —J


’JH FJF.H@ —J UFA /@FUx)—A—Jt @ /@Hw@ âA) ’JH A 3H@x'J)HA wHJ/)’A êUJ
FAH/A A —)3JHJxÉA —J UF &@FJF /@F @U'H@ e r A )x—)â)—UA9)õAÉÍ@ —@
&@FJF ’J 3Aõ A@ FJ’F@ 'JFw@ êUJ A —J’’A/HA9)õAÉÍ@ —A xA'UHJõA e r 2
—J3)x)ÉÍ@ F@—JHxA —@ /@Hw@ )Fw9)/A êUJ @ &@FJF ’JMA A3A’'A—@ —@ /@’i
F@t A3A’'A—@ —@’ @U'H@’t A3A’'A—@ —J9J FJ’F@ 5 /@Hw@ Q @ HJ’!—U@
—J’’J’ 'HL’ /@H'J’

2êUJ9J /@xMUx'@ —J ’Uw@’'@’ J‘w9)/A')â@’ i A 3)9@’@3)A FJ/Ax)/)’'At /@F


’UA x@âA FJ'@—@9@()At @ J‘wJH)FJx'A9)’F@t êUJ J‘w9)/@U /@F L‘)'@ @ FUx—@
/@’F@9[()/@ i âA) ’JH Aw9)/A—A A@ F)/H@/@’F@ —@ @H(Xx)/@ 5 FUx—@ J @ /@Hw@
—JâJF ’JH J‘w9)/A—@’ wJ9@’ FJ’F@’ wH)x/!w)@’
5’ wH)FJ)H@’ AxA'@F)’'A’ w@’’).)9)'AF A /H)’'A9)õAÉÍ@ —J’’A x@âA /@xi
/JwÉÍ@ ’@.HJ @ /@Hw@ M\ êUJt /@F @’ /@x&J/)FJx'@’ —JH)âA—@’ —A’ —)’’J/ÉWJ’
)x)/)A)’t A.HJi’J @ /AF)x&@ wAHA UFA .)@9@()A J UFA FJ—)/)xA w@’)')âA’ NA’ @
/U’'@ —J’’J AâAxÉ@ Q A )x’')'U)ÉÍ@ —J UF —UA9)’F@ Jx'HJ @ /@Hw@ i @ FA'JH)A9 i
J @ &@FJF i @ J’w)H)'UA9 8A’ wA9AâHA’ —J TU’—@H3 e cpgC corC «@ HJ’U9'A—@
xÍ@ Q @.')—@ A xÍ@ ’JH A.Ax—@xAx—@ A HJA9)—A—J &UFAxA A@ —@F!x)@ —@ FA'Ji
H)A9t —@ êUA9 J9A xÍ@ Q FA)’ —@ êUJ @ wH@9@x(AFJx'@Y
v’'J —UA9)’F@t 3HJêKJx'JFJx'J A’’@/)A—@ ü 3)(UHA —J OJ’/AH'J’t Qt wAHA IJ
0HJ'@x e ccfrt Ax'JH)@H A J9Jt M\ êUJ A 3)9@’@3)A /AH'J’)AxA J’'AH)A J‘).)x—@ @ wJx’Ai
FJx'@ —J UFA Qw@/A d 5 x@â@t x@ —UA9)’F@ /AH'J’)Ax@t Q êUJ J9J ’J ’U’'Jx'A ’@.HJ
.A’J’ xÍ@ HJ9)()@’A’t —)â)—J @ )x—)â!—U@ JF /@Hw@ J J’w!H)'@t /@9@/Ax—@ @ âA9@H ’[
xJ’'J è9')F@ 5 J’w!H)'@ wJHFAxJ/J ’@. A J’3JHA —J OJU’t A’’@/)A—@ A@ HA/)@xA9t J
@ /@Hw@t —J’/Jx'HA—@ —@ ’UMJ)'@ J )x—)(x@ —@ wJx’AFJx'@t Q HJwHJ’Jx'A—@t x@
’Q/U9@ lGççt /@F@ «A wAH'J FJx@’ &UFAxA —@ &@FJFY
4@F A )x’')'U)ÉÍ@ —@ —UA9)’F@ FA'JH)A9iJ’w)H)'UA9t ’Í@ J’'A.J9J/)—A’ A’ .Ai
’J’ wAHA A /&AFA—A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ —A .)@FJ—)/)xAy J’’J —UA9)’F@ 'JâJ @Ui
'HA’ HJwHJ’Jx'AÉWJ’t A’’)F)9Ax—@ @ /@Hw@HA9 A@ FJx’UH\âQ9i@.MJ')â\âJ9 J @ J’w)H)i
'UA9 A@ )x'Ax(!âJ9t A@ ’@/)A9t A@ w’)/@9[()/@ vx'HJ J’'J’ —@)’ w[9@’ —@ —UA9)’F@
J‘)’'J UFA âA9@HAÉÍ@ Jt —J’’J F@—@t UFA &)JHAHêU)At FA’t —J’—J @ ’Q/U9@ lGçç
A'Q x@’’@’ —)A’t wH@—Uõ)Ui’J UFA )xâJH’Í@ xJ’'A âA9@HAÉÍ@C @ âA9@Ht wAHA OJ’/AHi
'J’t J’'AâA x@ w[9@ —@ J’w!H)'@y wAHA A .)@FJ—)/)xAt @ âA9@H J’'\ xA’ wH@3Ux—)—A—J’
FJx’UH\âJ)’ —@ /@Hw@ AxA'@F)õA—@
v’’J /@Hw@ AxA'@F)õA—@ /@FJÉA A ’JH /@x’'HU!—@ x@’ /@FJÉ@’ —@ ’Q/U9@
lçG /@F A’ wH)FJ)HA’ —)’’J/ÉWJ’ @3)/)A)’ xA’ Ux)âJH’)—A—J’ )'A9)AxA’t êUJ A)x—A

18
JHAF /@x'H@9A—A’ wJ9A ç(HJMA 4@x'U—@t 9@(@ x@’ ’Q/U9@’ lGç J lGççt ’UA wHA')/A
’J J’'Jx—J JF 3UxÉÍ@ —J 'JHJF ’)—@ F@—)3)/A—@’ @’ wH)FJ)H@’ 3)x’ wJ—A(@()/@’
wAHA —AH 9U(AH A J’wJ'\/U9@’ êUJ ’J HJA9)õAâAF x@’ 'JA'H@’ AxA'@F)/@’ 8J’’J
wH@/J’’@ —J /@x’'HUÉÍ@ —J UF /@Hw@ ’JwAHA—@ —@ &@FJFt 'LF )Fw@H'Xx/)A 3Uxi
—AFJx'A9 IJ@xAH—@ —A G)x/) e gfmi f cr J GJ’A9)@ e f gi fdgr v’'J è9')F@t /@F
@ ’JU 'HA'A—@ 5& 9QUáQU%3 CO)I­% uINU%êI e fgort A.HJ @ /AF)x&@ wAHA @ /@x&Ji
/)FJx'@ AxA'kF)/@ Jt /@F J9Jt —\ 9U(AH ü HJwHJ’Jx'AÉÍ@ F@—JHxA —@ /@Hw@
OJ’’J’ /@Hw@’ ’JF â)—A xA’/J A FJ—)/)xA F@—JHxAy '@FAx—@ A’ wA9AâHA’
—J IJ 0HJ'@x e ccfC durC «2 FJ—)/)xA F@—JHxA xA’/J —J’’A 3HA'UHA @x'@9[()/A J A
)FA(JF êUJ J9A ’J 3Aõ —@ /@Hw@ &UFAx@ ')HA ’UA 3@x'J —J’’A’ HJwHJ’Jx'AÉWJ’
AxA'kF)/A’ '@FA—A’ —J’’J’ /@Hw@’ ’JF â)—At @x—J @ &@FJF xA@ J’'A wHJ’Jx'J
2 .)@FJ—)/)xA êUJ ’J J’'AâA /@x’')'U)x—@ xJ’’J F@FJx'@ HJ/J.JU @U'H@
(HAx—J )FwU9’@ /@F A wU.9)/AÉÍ@ —A @.HA —J sAHâJ­ e dmzrt xA êUA9 —JF@x’'HA —J
UFA 3@HFA H)(@H@’A @ wH@/J’’@ —J /)H/U9AÉÍ@ —@ ’Ax(UJ
2 HA/)@xA9)—A—J /)Jx'!3)/@iFJ/Ax)/)’'A êUJt /@F@ ’J â)Ut J /Jx'HA9 xA /@x’i
')'U)ÉÍ@ —A .)@FJ—)/)xA @/A’)@xA UFA ’JwAHAÉÍ@ Jx'HJ A AH'J —J /UHAH J UFA —)’/)i
w9)xA —A’ —@JxÉA’ PA9 ’JwAHAÉÍ@ /@)x/)—J /@F @ F@FJx'@ x@ êUA9 A AxA'@F)A J A
3)’)@9@()A J’'U—A—A’ JF 'JHF@’ FJ/Ax)/)’'A’t ’J ’@FAF A UF ’)’'JFA /9A’’)3)ÉA'@x@
—A’ —@JxÉA’ eA wA'@9@()Ar êUJ w@—J —J’'HU)H A F\êU)xA HJwHJ’Jx'A—A x@ /@Hw@
&UFAx@ 4@F )’'@t A .)@FJ—)/)xA 'HAx’3@HFAi’J JF UF —)’/UH’@ ’@.HJ A’ —@Jxi
ÉA’ —J’9@/Ax—@ A 'J@H)õAÉÍ@ ’w.HJ A ’Aè—J J @ &@FJF ó
5 ’UH()FJx'@ —A wA'@9@()At @U FA)’ wHJ/)’AFJx'J —A AxA'@F)A wA'@9[()/A J
@ êUJt wAHA N)/&J9 B@U/AU9' e cc rt FAH/A A AwAH)ÉÍ@ —A FJ—)/)xA F@—JHxA 8@
3)F —@ ’Q/U9@ lGçççt wH@—Uõ)Ui’J UFA FU'AÉÍ@ x@ ’A.JH FQ—)/@t êUJ /@x’)’')U
JF UFA HJ @ H( A x )õ A É Í @ —@’ J9JFJx'@’ /@x’')'U')â@’ —A’ wA'@9@()A’ NA)’ /@x/HJ'Ai
FJx'Jt AwAHJ/J A@ @9&AH —@ FQ—)/@ @ êUJ Ax'J’ JHA )xâ)’!âJ9t J J’'J ’UH()FJx'@
wJHF)'J HJA9)õAH UF —)’/UH’@ —J J’'HU'UHA /)Jx'!3)/A ’@.HJ @ )x—)â!—U@ 2 AwAxÉA@
—A /9!x)/A 'JF J’'HJ)'A HJ9AÉÍ@ /@F J’’A’ F@—)3)/AÉWJ’ 2’’)Ft A /9!x)/A «—JâJ ’UA
)Fw@H'Xx/)A HJA9 A@ 3A'@ —J êUJ Q UFA HJ@H(Ax)õAÉÍ@ JF wH@3Ux—)—A—J xA@ ’[ —@
—)’/UH’@ FQ—)/@t FA’ —A w@’’).)9)—A—J FJ’FA —A 9)x(UA(JF ’@.HJ A —@JxÉA
eB@U/AU9't cc C gr
v’’J wH@/J’’@ —J )x—)â)—UA9)õAÉÍ@ êUJ A.AH/AâA A /U9'UHA @/)—Jx'A9 F@—JHi
xA 'AF.QF w@—J ’JH @.’JHâA—@ /@F HJ9AÉÍ@ A@ ’UH()FJx'@ —A x@ÉÍ@ —J ë—@Jx'JÁ
x@ ’JU ’Jx')—@ F@—JHx@y @ êUJ J’'\ )x')FAFJx'J A’’@/)A—@ ü F@—)3)/AÉA@ —A’
wA'@9@()A’ wHJ—@F)xAx'J’ x@’ —)’')x'@’ F@FJx'@’ —A /@x’')'U)ÉÍ@ —A F@—JHx)—A—J
sJHõ9)/& J -)JHHJ' e cc r AH(UFJx'AF êUJt JF /A—A F@FJx'@t J‘)’')A UFA
—@JxÉA êUJ Jx/AHxAâA ë@ FA9 A.’@9U'@Á 5 wH)FJ)H@ F@FJx'@ êUJ J9A’ J’'A.J9J/Ji

19
HAF 3@) êUAx—@ A —@JxÉA J’'JâJ A’’@/)A—A ü )—Q)A —J xèFJH@t )Fw@'Lx/)At J‘/9U’Í@
J F@H'Jt J’’J 3@) @ wJH!@—@ —A’ Jw)—JF)A’y A —@JxÉA JHA â)â)—A wJ9A ’@/)J—A—J JF ’JU
/@xMUx'@t JHA UF 3JxkFJx@ /@9J')â@ 5 ’J(Ux—@ F@FJx'@ ’J /AHA/'JH)õAH)A wJ9@
’UH()FJx'@ 'U.JH/U9@’Jt JF êUJ ’J wH@—Uõ UFA F@—)3)/AÉÍ@ J’’Jx/)A9C A —@JxÉA M\
xÍ@ âA) ’JH UF 3JxkFJx@ —J FA’’A’t wA’’Ax—@ A /@x’')'U)H UFA êUJ’'Í@ )x—)â)—UA9 J
UFA 3@HFA —J â)—A 4@F J’'A F@—)3)/AÉÍ@t ’UH(J @ /@x/J)'@ F@—JHx@ —J ë—@Jx'JÁC

A HJA9)—A—J J A )FA(JF —A —@JxÉA /J’’AHAF —J ’JH /@9J')âA’ wAHA ’JH A’ —J


UF —Ax@ )x—)â)—UA9 5 —@Jx'J Q @ )x—)â!—U@t ’JF êUJ ’JU â)õ)x&@ 'Jx&A
êUA9êUJH /@)’A A âJH /@F )’’@ 6UA —@JxÉA xÍ@ /@x’')'U) xJF UFA A—âJHi
'Lx/)At xJF UFA AFJAÉA wAHA ’JU Jx'@Hx@ 8A ’UA HJA9)—A—J @H(Xx)/At ’[
/@x/JHxJ A J9J esJHõ9)/& a -)JHHJ't cc C ppr

4@F A 'HAx’3@HFAÉÍ@ —@ A—@J/JHt êUJ A(@HA âA) ’JH )x—)â)—UA9 J êUJ âA)
@/A’)@xAH A F@H'J 9Jx'AFJx'J eA —@JxÉA /@F@ 3@HFA —J â)—Art ’UH(J @ ë—@Jx'JÁ /@F
36I6O3 J J’')(FA
2 .)@FJ—)/)xA /@F@ /)Lx/)A —A’ —@JxÉA’ J «A'HAâQ’ —A’ /A'J(@H)A’ —JC —@i
JxÉAt Jx')—A—J F[H.)—At /@Hw@ —@Jx'Jt @H(Ax)’F@t 3A'@ wA'@9[()/@t 9J’Í@t ’)x'@FA
J'/ t J9A.@HA—A’ x@’ wJH!@—@’ /9\’’)/@’t ’J )x’'AUHA /@F@ UF —)’/UH’@ ’@.HJ @.i
MJ')â)—A—J’t —)’/UH’@ êUJ )x’')'U) A —@JxÉA J @ /@Hw@ /@F@ 'JFA’ —J JxUx/)A—@’
w@’)')â@’t /)Jx'!3)/@’Y eIUõt czzC c r O@ FJ’F@ F@—@t 4AFAH(@ ãH e ccoAC
our A3)HFA êUJ A FJ—)/)xA Jx/@x'HA—A A wAH')H —A AxA'@F)A /9!x)/A Q UFA FJ—)/)xA
—@ /@Hw@t —A’ 9J’WJ’ J —A’ —@JxÉA’t xA êUA9 «@ /@Hw@ &UFAx@ e r Q —)â)—)—@ JF
’)’'JFA’t A(HUwA—@’ ’J(Ux—@ A’ wH@wH)J—A—J’ )’@9A—A’ w@H /A—A UFA —A’ —)’/)w9)i
xA’ AH')/U9A—A’ JF ’JU —)’/UH’@Y z
4@x’'A'Ai’Jt A’’)Ft êUJt x@ wH@/J’’@ —J /H)’'A9)õAÉÍ@ —A .)@FJ—)/)xAt @/@Hi
HJU UF /HJ’/Jx'J wH@/J’’@ —J ë—)()'A9)õAÉÍ@Á FAx)3J’'A—@ xA HUw'UHAt @U xA wH@—Ui
ÉÍ@ —J —J’/@x')xU)—A—J’ xA’ '@'A9)—A—J’ AxA9[()/A’ êUJ HJwHJ’Jx'AâAF @ &@FJF
/@F @ FUx—@t /@F @’ @U'H@’ &@FJx’ J /@x’)(@ FJ’F@ OA FJ’FA 3@HFAt J’’A
ë—)()'A9)õAÉÍ@Á ’J FAx)3J’'@U —Jx'H@ —A )—J@9@()A .)@FQ—)/At @/A’)@xAx—@ A
—J’/@x')xU)—A—J Jx'HJ A .)@FJ—)/)xAt Jx'Jx—)—A /@F@ ëA AH'J —J /UHAHÁt J A
.)@FJ—)/)xAt /@F@ A 'J@H)A —A’ —@JxÉA’
-H@—U'@ —J’'A’ —)()'A9)õAÉWJ’ J Aw@)Ax—@i’J xA AxA'@F)A J xA 3)’)@9@()At A
.)@FJ—)/)xA (Ax&A FA)@H 9J()')F)—A—J A@ ’J '@FAH UFA /)Lx/)A —A’ —@JxÉA’ ç’’@
9&J wJHF)'J —J’9@/AH UF /@xMUx'@ —J ’A.JHJ’ 'HA—)/)@xA)’ êUJt w@’'JH)@HFJx'Jt âÍ@
’JH /@x’)—JHA—@’ /@F@ ëxÍ@ /)Jx'!3)/@’Á A wAH')H —@ w@x'@ —J â)’'A —@ ’A.JH
.)@FQ—)/@ v’'J’ ’A.JHJ’t AêU) /&AFA—@’ —J ëFJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')/A’Át M\ xÍ@ ’Í@
’A.JHJ’ ’@.HJ @ /@Hw@t FA’ ’@.HJ @ &@FJF 5 —)\9@(@ M\ xÍ@ Q /@F @ /@Hw@t FA’
/@F A wJ’’@A 5 Jx3@êUJ FU—AC wA’’A A ’JH &@9!’')/@

11
A g p H ú âN h e v p h ú N H m âN v p b âà âh e

vx'HJ @’ F@—J9@’ —A .)@FJ—)/)xA J —A’ ëFJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')/A’Át @.’JHâAi’J


UFA FAx)3J’'AÉÍ@ —A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁt —A—@ êUJ A —)3JHJx/)AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ J9J’
J’'AH)A /@9@/A—A xA w@’'UHA A—@'A—A JF HJ9AÉÍ@ A@ —UA9)’F@ FA'JH)A9 â’ J’w)H)'UA9t
@U ü’ ’UA’ @U'HA’ J‘wHJ’’WJ’t 'A)’ /@F@ .)@9[()/@i/@Hw@HA9 É3 w’)/@’’@/)A9t J’wJi
/)A9 (JHA9
â !

-AH')x—@ —A w@’)ÉÍ@ —)Ax'J —A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁt @U wH)â)9J()Ax—@ @’ A’i


wJ/'@’ /)Jx'!3)/@’iHA/)@xA)’t êUJ Jâ@/AH)AF A ë/)Lx/)A —A FJ—)/)xAÁt @U @’ A’wJ/'@’
ëw’)/@’’@/)A)’Átc êUJ )x/9U)H)AF w@’'UHA’ FA)’ A3J')âA’ J HJ9A/)@xA)’ FA)’ wH[‘)FA’
A@ êUJ Q /&AFA—@ —J A ëAH'J —A FJ—)/)xAÁt ’UH()HAF AH(UFJx'AÉWJ’ J wH\')/A’ /H!')i
/A’ ü .)@FJ—)/)xA
8Í@ ’JH)A /@HHJ'@ @.’JHâAH J’’A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ FAx)3J’'A—A Jx'HJ @’
—@)’ w[9@’ /@F )x'JHJ’’J’ —)3JHJx'J’ /@F@ A9(@ J’êUJF\')/@ J H!()—@t /@x/9U)x—@
êUJ @ ë3!’)/@iF@HA9Á Q xÍ@iHA/)@xA9t @U xÍ@i/)Jx'!3)/@ 5 êUJ 'Jx'@ J‘wH)F)H /@F
J’’A w@9AH)—A—J 'Jx’)@xAx'J Q êUJ A .)@FJ—)/)xA xÍ@ 'JF xJ/J’’)—A—J —J )x/@Hw@i
HAH 'A)’ A’wJ/'@’ ë3!’)/@iF@HA)’Á wAHA J‘w9)/AH A —@JxÉAt xJ/J’’)—A—J êUJ ’J AwHJi
’Jx'A xA’ ëFJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')/A’Át JF â)H'U—J —J ’J .A’JAHJF JF UF Jx3@êUJ
'@'A9)õAx'J —A wJ’’@A
2’ w@’'UHA’ /H!')/A’ ü .)@FJ—)/)xA ’J /Jx'HAFt 3Ux—AFJx'A9FJx'Jt x@
êUJ’')@xAF Jx'@ —@ HJ—U/)@x)’F @ .)@9@()’'A êUJ &AâJH)A @/A’)@xA—@ UFA
&)wJHJ’wJ/)A9)õAÉÍ@ J UFA FJ—)/A9)õAÉÍ@ —A ’@/)J—A—J v’’J HJ—U/)@x)’F@ A )x/Ai
wA/)'AH)A —J 'HA'AH UF xèFJH@ /HJ’/Jx'J —J —@JxÉA’ —Jx@F)xA—A’ ëwJH'UH.AÉWJ’
3!’)/@iF@HA)’Áy A’’)Ft AwH@‘)FAÉWJ’ HJA9)õA—A’ wJ9A [')/A —J UF HJ—U/)@x)’F@
.)@9@()’'At @U 'AF.QF wJ9A —@ HJ—U/)@x)’F@ ëw’)/@’’@/)A9Át xÍ@ 'JH)AF (HAx—J
J3)/\/)A 'JHAwLU')/A
PAU’’)( AH(UFJx'A êUJ @’ ’)xA)’ J ’)x'@FA’ —A’ —@JxÉA’t A9QF —J ’JHJF
Jx')—A—J’ .)@9[()/A’ J 3!’)/A’t )x/9UJF 'AF.QF HJ9AÉWJ’ ’@/)A)’ êUJ 3)/AF @/U9'A’
’@. «@ 3Ax'A’FA —A @.MJ')â)—A—JY vF ’UA’ wA9AâHA’C «JF êUA9êUJH ’@/)J—A—J A
HJ9AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ @ —@U'@H J @ wA/)Jx'J Q FA)’ —@ êUJ A9(@ 'Q/x)/@ v Ax'J’ UFA
)x'JHAÉÍ@ ’@/)A9 êUJ w@—J HJ3@HÉAH A’ wHJF)’’A’ /U9'UHA)’ .A’)/A’ —J UFA FAxJ)HA
w@—JH@’AY ePAU’’)( ccmC zdr
2 xJ(AÉÍ@ —@ ’@/)A9 J —@ &UFAx@t A’wJ/'@’ êUJ J’'Í@ /@FwHJJx—)—@’ x@’
’)xA)’ J ’)x'@FA’t Q /@x’JêKLx/)A )FJ—)A'A —@ F@—J9@ .)@FQ—)/@ J 3Aõ /@F êUJ
J9J w@’’A J‘w9)/AH @ ë/@F@Át FA’ xÍ@ @ ëw@HêUL u v’’J’ —@)’ êUJ’')@xAFJx'@’
’Í@ —J xA'UHJõA /@Fw9J'AFJx'J —)3JHJx'Jt M\ êUJ @ ëw@HêULÁ i êUJ 3Aõ wAH'J —A
—JFAx—A —@ —@Jx'J i Q UFA J‘)(Lx/)A —J J‘w9)/AÉÍ@ '@'A9)õAx'J J ’U.MJ')âAx'Jy @
ë/@F@Át A wHJ@/UwAÉÍ@ —@ FQ—)/@t .U’/AH)A @.MJ')âAH A —@JxÉA

12
5 êUJ ’J wH@/UHAH)A xJ(AH /@F â)’'A’ A UFA ë@.MJ')â)—A—J /)Jx'!3)/AÁ FA)@H
Q A AH.)'HAH)J—A—J —@ ’)(x@t A /AHA/'JH!’')/A —J /@x’'HUÉÍ@ ’@/)A9 —A —@JxÉAy /@x’i
'HUÉÍ@ êUJ ’J HJA9)õAH)A x@ )x'JHM@(@ —@ FQ—)/@ J —@ wA/)Jx'J 8Í@ Q —)3!/)9 âJH A
HJ9AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ J’’A xJ(AÉÍ@ J A â)’Í@ —A’ —@JxÉA’ /@F@ Jx')—A—J’ (x@’J@9[()/A’
@.MJ')âA’ êUJ MAõJF ë9\ 3@HAÁ
OJ’—J @ F@FJx'@ x@ êUA9 ’J HJ’’A9'AF A’ 3A9Lx/)A’ —A .)@FJ—)/)xAt PAU’’)(
e ccmC uzr A’’)xA9A êUJ «J’'AH)A A/@x'J/Jx—@ wJ9A wH)FJ)HA âJõ xA ’)'UAÉÍ@ /9!x)/A
F@—JHxA UF )x'Jx'@ —J 'HAõJH ü /@x’/)Lx/)A @ êUJ JHA wHJâ)AFJx'J —J)‘A—@ —J
9A—@t @U )x/@x’/)Jx'Jt xA wH\')/A FQ—)/AY
v’’A wHJ@/UwAÉÍ@ wJ9A @.MJ')âAÉÍ@ —A —@JxÉAt êUJ w@’’).)9)'@U ü .)@FJ—)/)xA
/@x’')'U)Hi’J /@F@ UF ’A.JH /)Jx'!3)/@t &AâJH)A @/A’)@xA—@ @ ’JU —)’'Ax/)AFJx'@
—@’ )x'JHJ’’J’ —@’ —@Jx'J’ 2 âJH—A—J)HA wHJ@/UwAÉÍ@ —@ FQ—)/@ HJ’)—)H)A xA —@JxÉA
J xÍ@ x@ —@Jx'Jt êUJ ’JH)A AwJxA’ @ w@H'A—@H —A —@JxÉA 2@ 'Jx'AH AH')/U9AH A —@JxÉA
x@ —)’/UH’@ .)@FQ—)/@t 'U—@ AêU)9@ êUJ xÍ@ w@—J )x’/HJâJHi’J xJ9J ’JH)A —J)‘A—@ —J
9A—@ v)’ /@F@ 49AâHJU9 e czor AH(UFJx'AC «2@ J9)F)xAH êUA9êUJH @U'H@ —)’/UH’@t
)x/9U)x—@ @ —@ wH[wH)@ —@Jx'Jt @ —)’/UH’@ FQ—)/@ —J)‘A —J 9A—@ UFA êUAx')—A—J —J
J9JFJx'@’ xÍ@ )’Jx'@’ J9J’ FJ’F@’ —J )x'JHJ’’J e r J’’J’ J9JFJx'@’ J’'HAx&@’ A@
—)’/UH’@ FQ—)/@ ’Í@ âJH—A—J)H@’ ëxÍ@ 3A'@’Át —@ w@x'@ —J â)’'A —A FJ—)/)xAY
49AâHJU9t w@HQFt xA ’UA /H)')/A A@ HJ—U/)@x)’F@ .)@FQ—)/@t âA) FA)’ A9QFt
’U’'Jx'Ax—@ êUJ J’'J xÍ@ ’@FJx'J @/A’)@xAH)A A —)’’@9UÉÍ@ —A w@’)ÉÍ@ —@ —@Jx'Jt
FA’ 'AF.QF 'JH)A @ FJ’F@ J3J)'@ /@F A w@’)ÉÍ@ —@ FQ—)/@ 6J @ êUJ @ —@Jx'J 'HAõ
—J ’@3H)FJx'@’t —J Ax’)J—A—J’ J FJ—@’t xUFA wA9AâHAt @ ’U.MJ')â@t —JâJ ’JH A3A’'Ai
—@i—)()'A9)õA—@ eJ /@F )’'@ â@9'Ai’J A Jx/@x'HAH A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁrt 'AF.QF
AêU)9@ êUJ xA wJ’’@A —@ FQ—)/@ 9JF.HJ A’ FJ’FA’ ’U.MJ')â)—A—J’ —JâJ ’JH A3A’'A—@
OJ A/@H—@ /@F A’ J‘)(Lx/)A’ —@ ’A.JH .)@FQ—)/@t A HJ9AÉÍ@ FQ—)/@i—@Jx'J ’JH)At
A’’)Ft @ Jx/@x'H@ —J —UA’ AU’Lx/)A’t FA’t xJ’'A’ AU’Lx/)A’t A’ FAx)3J’'AÉWJ’ —@
HJ'@F@ —@ HJwH)F)—@ J’'AH)AF ’JFwHJ ’Jx—@ @.’JHâA—A’ PA9 /@x’'A'AÉÍ@ wJHF)'J
3A9AH —J UFA ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ êUJ Q J’'HU'UHAx'Jt w@HêUJ —JH)âA —@ —UA9)’F@
Jx/@x'HA—@ —J’—J A @H)(JF —A .)@FJ—)/)xA J w@HêUJ ’J FAx)3J’'A xA HJ9AÉÍ@
wAHA—)(F\')/A —@ FQ—)/@ J —@ —@Jx'J
jFA /H!')/A —)3JHJx'J ü .)@FJ—)/)xA wH@âQF —J UF (HUw@ —J )xâJ’')(AÉWJ’
êUJ 3@/A9)õA @ 'HA'AFJx'@ —A ë—@H /Hkx)/AÁ e0A’õAx(JHt czcy T@@— J' A9 t ccmr
0A’õAx(JH 'Jx'A HJ’(A'AH /@F@ @ 'HA.A9&@ FQ—)/@ 3@) F@—)3)/A—@ A@ 'HA'AH A —@H
/Hkx)/Ay xJ’’J ')w@ —J Jx3@êUJt @ wA/)Jx'J /@F A ’UA J‘wJH)Lx/)A Q êUJ Q /@x’)—Ji
HA—@ @ wH)x/)wA9 A9â@ —A 'JHAw)A ã\ xÍ@ ’J Jx/@x'HA UF wA/)Jx'J wA’’)â@t UF
FQ—)/@iwJH)'@ J UF 'HA'AFJx'@ èx)/@t FA’ @ wA/)Jx'J /@x’'H[) /@F @ FQ—)/@t —J
A/@H—@ /@F ’UA J‘wJH)Lx/)A wAH')/U9AHt @ 'HA'AFJx'@ A—JêUA—@ wAHA J9J 5 @.MJ')â@

13
Q êUJ @ wA/)Jx'J AwHJx—A A 'HA'AH ’UA —@Ht Jx'HJ'Ax'@t )’'@ ’JH)A )Fw@’’!âJ9 JF UFA
.)@FJ—)/)xA êUJ /@x’)—JHA A —@H /@F@ UFA FAx)3J’'AÉÍ@ —A ’U.MJ')â)—A—J —@
—@Jx'J J êUJt w@H )’’@ FJ’F@t xÍ@ w@—J ’JH @Uâ)—A
2 —@H /Hkx)/A HJwHJ’Jx'A UF —J’A3)@ wAHA A .)@FJ—)/)xAt —A—@ êUJ A’’)xA9A
A )xJ‘)’'Lx/)A —J UFA /AU’A FJx’UH\âJ9 wAHA J9A 2’’)Ft —J’A3)A A /@FwHJJx’Í@
—A —@JxÉA ’@.HJ A’ .A’J’ —J UF —UA9)’F@ JF êUJ ’J 3Ux—AFJx'A A .)@FJ—)/)xA
OJ’’J F@—@t A —@H /Hkx)/A «—J’A3)A @ —@(FA /Jx'HA9 —A Jw)’'JF@9@()A FQ—)/AC
e r &\ UF /@x&J/)FJx'@ @.MJ')â@t êUJ Q /@(x@’/!âJ9 A3A’'A—@ —A J‘wJH)Lx/)A
’U.MJ')âAY eT@@— J' A9 t ccmC dr
2 )Fw@’’).)9)—A—J —J A .)@FJ—)/)xA xÍ@ /@x’J(U)H 'HA'AH A —@H /Hkx)/A —JâJi
’Jt MU’'AFJx'Jt A@ 3A'@ —J êUJ A J‘wJH)Lx/)A —A —@H Q â)â)—A /@F@ UFA '@'A9)—A—Jt
FA’t êUAx—@ A FJ—)/)xA 'HA'A —J HJ/@x’'HU!i9At Q 3HA(FJx'A—A xUFA ’QH)J —J
—)/@'@F)A’ êUJ ’U.MAõJF A@ F@—J9@ .)@FQ—)/@t m ’JF A'Jx—JH A@ .JxJ3!/)@ ’Ji
/Ux—\H)@ êUJ @ —@Jx'J @.'JH)A xA HJ9AÉÍ@ /@F A —@H
OUAH'J e ccot ccdr ’U’'Jx'A UFA w@’)ÉÍ@ /H!')/A êUJ 'JF /@F@ @.MJ')â@
’UwJHAHt x@ —J’Jxâ@9â)FJx'@ —J UFA Ax'H@w@9@()A —A ’Aè—J:—@JxÉAt @ HJ—U/)@x)’F@
ë.)@9@()’'AÁ —A .)@FJ—)/)xAt A’’)F /@F@ @ HJ—U/)@x)’F@ ëw’)/@9@()õAx'Ji
)x'JH)@H)õAx'JÁ J @ —A ë—@F)xAÉÍ@Át x@’ êUA)’ —J’JF.@/@U A Ax'H@w@9@()A FQ—)/A
x@H'JiAFJH)/AxA A@ 'Jx'AH J’/AwAH ü 'Jx—Lx/)A .)@9@()õAx'J —A FJ—)/)xA jF Jx3@êUJ
’UwJHA—@H —@’ HJ—U/)@x)’F@’ x@FJA—@’ ’J A9/AxÉAH\ /@F A A—@ÉÍ@ —J UFA wJH’i
wJ/')âA FA)’ AFw9A êUJ /@x’)(A wH@MJ'AH 9Uõ ’@.HJ A’ x@ÉWJ’ xA’ êUA)’ ’J .A’J)AF
A’ —)3JHJx'J’ HJwHJ’Jx'AÉWJ’ —@ wH@/J’’@ —J ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉA JF HJ9AÉÍ@ ü /@x’')'U)i
ÉÍ@ —A /U9'UHA @/)—Jx'A9 F@—JHxA
-AHA 3)xA9)õAH J’'J H\w)—@ wJH/UH’@ —J A9(Ux’ —@’ êUJ’')@xAFJx'@’ 3J)'@’ ü
.)@FJ—)/)xAt 3Aõi’J xJ/J’’\H)@ FJx/)@xAH @ )Fw@H'Ax'J 'HA.A9&@ —J çâAx ç99)/&
e czdrt .’)&3%3 zP-%êIt wU.9)/A—@ @H)()xA9FJx'J JF cpdt UF wJH!@—@ /@x’)—Ji
HA—@ w@H sJHõ9)/& e czgC mgfr /@F@ —J «J‘wHJ’’Í@t /@F UFA wAH')/U9AH â)HU9Lxi
/)At —A —Jxèx/)A —@ ëw@—JH FQ—)/@YÁ 8J’’J FAH/@t ç99)/& J9A.@HA UFA /H!')/A ü
.)@FJ—)/)xAt êUJt —J UFA 3@HFA —)3JHJx'J —A’ Ax'JH)@HJ’t —J)‘A Jx'HJâJH UFA /@x’i
'Ax'J 'Jx’Í@ Jx'HJ @’ Jx3@êUJ’ A/A—LF)/@iJw)’'JF@9[()/@ J w@9!')/@iwH@(HAF\')/@
2 /H!')/A —J ç99)/& xÍ@ J’'\ —)H)()—A A@ ëHJ—U/)@x)’F@ .)@FQ—)/@Át FA’ ü’
/@x’JêKLx/)A’ —A 'HAx’3@HFAÉÍ@ —A ’@/)J—A—J @/)—Jx'A9 F@—JHxA xUFA ’@/)J—A—J
FJ—)/A9)õA—At êUJ 'JF /@F@ UF —J ’JU’ J3J)'@’ A —J’AH')/U9AÉÍ@ —@’ FJ/Ax)’F@’
’@/)A)’ —J ëA’’)’'Lx/)A Fè'UAÁ 8J’’J ’Jx')—@t @ AU'@H FJx/)@xAH\ 'HL’ ')w@’ —J
)A'H@(Jx)AC /9!x)/At ’@/)A9 J /U9'UHA9 -AHA —)3JHJx/)\i9A’t xA’ ’UA’ wA9AâHA’C

A )A'H@(Jx)A Q /9!x)/A êUAx—@t w@H /AU’A —A A’’)’'Lx/)A FQ—)/At ’J wH@—Ui


õJF —@Ht —@JxÉA J F@H'Jy Q ’@/)A9 êUAx—@ A’ w@9!')/A’ —J ’Aè—J HJ3@HÉAF

15
UFA @H(Ax)õAÉÍ@ )x—U’'H)A9 êUJ (JHA ’Aè—J —@Jx'Jy Q /U9'UHA9 J ’)F.[9)/A n â
êUAx—@t ’U’'Jx'A—A’ FJ—)/AFJx'Jt A /@x—U'A J A’ )9U’WJ’ —)F)xUJF A
AU'@x@F)A â)'A9 —J UF w@â@t —J’'HU)x—@ ’UA /@FwJ'Lx/)A wAHA /HJ’/JHt
A'Jx—JH UF A @U'H@ J JxâJ9&J/JHt @U êUAx—@ A )x'JHâJxÉÍ@ FQ—)/A )x/Ai
wA/)'A HJAÉWJ’ wJ’’@A)’ wAHA A —@Ht A )xâA9)—Jõt @ )FwJ—)FJx'@t A Ax(è’')A
J A F@H'J eç99)/&t czdCod r

OJ’’J F@—@t A ’Aè—J ’J /@xâJH'JH)A xUF )'JF J’'Ax—AH—)õA—@ êUJ xÍ@ ’JH)A
—A /@FwJ'Lx/)A —A ’@/)J—A—Jt FA’ —J A(Jx'J’ J’wJ/)A9)õA—@’ A@ ’JHâ)É@ —J UF
’)’'JFA )x—U’'H)A9 2 ëxLFJ’)’Á FQ—)/A ’JH)A J’’A J‘wH@wH)AÉÍ@ —A /AwA/)—A—J —@
&@FJF wAHA ’J /@x3H@x'AH /@F A —@Ht A —@JxÉA J A F@H'J
GLi’J êUJ A /H!')/A —J ç99)/& HJ’’A9'At x@ XF.)'@ —A ’Aè—J wè.9)/At UFA
/@x’JêKLx/)A —A .)@F J—)/)xA —A FJ’FA 3@HFA êUJ A’ @U'HA’ /H!')/A’C A
/@FwAH')FJx'A9)õAÉÍ@ —@’ —@F!x)@’t /@x’JêKLx/)A —A )—J@9@()A )x—)â)—UA9)’'A wHJi
—@F)xAx'J xA /U9'UHA @/)—Jx'A9 F@—JFA xA êUA9 A .)@FJ—)/)xA ’J /@x’')'U)U
4@F @ )x'Jx'@ —J ’UwJHAH A’ /@x’JêKLx/)A’ wH@.9JF\')/A’ —A’ wH\')/A’
.)@FQ—)/A’ Q êUJ @’ x@â@’ Jx3@êUJ’ wH@w@’'@’ wAHA @’ 'HA'AFJx'@’ FQ—)/@’
/Jx'HAFi’J xA HJ/@x’')'U)ÉÍ@ —J UFA '@'A9)—A—J wJH—)—A v’'J’ x@â@’ Jx3@êUJ’ ’Í@
AêU) A(HUwA—@’ /@F@ ëFJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')/A’Á

p HúMg úg Me N b N àev SN m âN v b âà N t e MpPe N p h ú M p e m âN v pb âàâh e p


eH v pbâàâheH MNv húâàeH

IJ 0HJ'@x e ccfr A’’)xA9A êUJ A )x’')'U)ÉÍ@ FQ—)/A J’'AH)A &@MJ ’Jx—@ êUJ’i
')@xA—A 'Ax'@ A wAH')H —J —Jx'H@ /@F@ A wAH')H —J 3@HA —@ /AFw@ FQ—)/@ 8@
wH)FJ)H@ /A’@t wJ9@’ J’wJ/)A9)’'A’ 3@HFA—@’ x@ wAHA—)(FA —A .)@FJ—)/)xAt FA’
/@F —)3)/U9—A—J’ wAHA ’J HJ/@x&J/JHJF xJ9Jt HAõÍ@ wJ9A êUA9 @w'AH)AF wJ9A’ ëx@i
âA’ FJ—)/)xA’Á e&@FJ@wA')At A/UwUx'UHAt @’'J@wA')A J'/ rt @U Jx'Í@t HJ'@FAx—@ A’
ëAx')(A’ wH\')/A’Á —@ FQ—)/@ —J 3AF!9)At '@FAH)AF —A—@’ —A wJH’@xA9)—A—J J —@
/@ )'J‘'@ 3AF)9)AH 8@ ’J(Ux—@ /A’@t @’ êUJ’')@xAFJx'@’ ’J FAx)3J’'AH)AF x@
HJ’’UH()FJx'@ —A’ ëFJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')/A’Á
P@—@’ J’’J’ êUJ’')@xAFJx'@’ J HJ’’UH()FJx'@’ J’'Í@ wJHFAxJx'JFJx'J A9i
'JHAx—@ @’ 9)F)'J’ —@ /AFw@ FQ—)/@t @Ut wAHA J‘wHJ’’\i9@ /@F UFA —Jx@F)xAÉÍ@
AFw9At @ /AFw@ —A ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉA
5 êUA9)3)/A')â@ —J ëH@FXx')/@Át wAHA /AHA/'JH)õAH @ (HUw@ —A’ FJ—)/)xA’
FA)’ /@FUFJx'J x@FJA—A’ /@F@ ëA9'JHxA')âA’Át ë—@/J’Át ëxA'UHA)’Át ’J —JâJ A@
3A'@ —J êUJ UFA —A’ /AHA/'JH!’')/A’ 3Ux—AFJx'A)’ —J’’A’ FJ—)/)xA’ Q A .U’/A —A
'@'A9)—A—J —A wJ’’@At A wJH’J(U)ÉÍ@ —J UF Jx3@êUJ &@9!’')/@ —A —@JxÉA J —A 'JHAi

16
w)A PA9 Lx3A’J xA '@'A9)—A—J 3Aõ 9JF.HAH A 'HA—)ÉÍ@ /)Jx'!3)/A H@FXx')/A êUJ 39@HJ’i
/JU —UHAx'J @ ’Q/U9@ lçl v’’A 'HA—)ÉÍ@ '@F@U UFA w@’)ÉÍ@ A9'JHxA')âAt ’U’'Jx'Ai
—A wJ9A /)Lx/)A w@’)')â)’'At .A’JA—A JF A3)HFAÉWJ’ 'J[H)/A’t /@x3)HFA—A’ w@H —Ji
F@x’'HAÉWJ’ J‘wJH)FJx'A)’t FAx)3J’'Ax—@ ’UA wHJ@/UwAÉÍ@ JF J’'A.J9J/JH UFA
)x'J9)(Lx/)A —@ &@FJF x@ FUx—@t J xÍ@ A3A’'A—@ —J9J
-AHA A /@x’/)Lx/)A H@FXx')/At A HJA9)—A—J 'HAx’/Jx—J ü )x'J9)().)9)—A—Jt «@
&@FJF âJF A@ FUx—@ xUF J’wAÉ@ J xUF 'JFw@ êUJ xÍ@ —@F)xAt FA’ x@ êUA9 ’J
—J’/@.HJ Jx(9@.A—@Y eTU’—@H3t czmC ccr 5’ H@FXx')/@’ xÍ@ ’J @wWJF ü
)x'J9)().)9)—A—J HA/)@xA9t FA’ HJMJ)'AF A'H).U)Hi9&J UFA âA9)—A—J J‘/9U’)âA OJ’’J
F@—@t J’'A.J9J/JF UFA Jw)’'JF@9@()A êUJ HJ’'AUHA UFA 3@HFA Ux)'\H)A —J ’A.JHC

2 /)Lx/)A (A9)9JAxA J‘w9)/A @ /@Fw9J‘@ A wAH')H —@ ’)Fw9J’t @ H@FXx')/@


wH@/9AFA A xJ/J’’)—A—J —J UFA /@FwHJJx’Í@ —@ ’)Fw9J’ A wAH')H —@
/@Fw9J‘@ v A.’UH—@ wHJ'Jx—JH —AH HAõÍ@ —@ /@xMUx'@ A wAH')H —@ J9JFJxi
'@y @ J9JFJx'@ xÍ@ Q FA)’ êUJt A3A’'A—@ —@ /@xMUx'@t UFA wAH'J F@H'At
@x—J @ ’Jx')—@ J’'\ AU’Jx'J eTU’—@H3t czmC gmor

-@—Ji’J âJH J’'A.J9J/)—A Jx'HJ A .)@FJ—)/)xA J A’ ëFJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')/A’Á A


'Jx’Í@ (JHA—A Jx'HJ A /)Lx/)A (A9)9JAxA J A /)Lx/)A H@FXx')/A /@F@ —UA’ 3@HFA’
—)3JHJx'J’ —J Jx'Jx—JH @ wH@/J’’@ —J ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉAC A wH)FJ)HA Jx3A')õAx—@t /@F@
’J â)Ut @’ —UA9)’F@’y A ’J(Ux—At UF Jx3@êUJ (9@.A9)õAx'J êUJ )x'J(HA @ HA/)@xA9 J
@ JF@/)@xA9 v’’A —)3JHJx/)AÉÍ@ wJHF)'J /@x’'A'AH UFA FAx)3J’'AÉÍ@ —A ë'Jx’Í@
J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ x@ x!âJ9 —@’ F@—J9@’ —J J‘w9)/AÉÍ@ —@ wH@/J’’@ —J ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉAt
UFA âJõ êUJ Q A A/J)'AÉÍ@ @U A HJMJ)ÉÍ@ —@ —UA9)’F@ FA'JH)A9 É3 /@Hw@HA9t J’w)H)'UA9
É3 F@HA9 êUJ ’U’'Jx'A 'A9 —)3JHJx/)AÉÍ@
OJx'H@ —@ êUJ x@FJJ) ëFJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')/A’Át )x/9UJFi’J AêUJ9A’ 3@HFA’
/@9J')â)’'A’ êUJ .U’/AH)AF )x'J(HAH )x—)â!—U@ J ’@/)J—A—Jt /@F@t w@H J‘JFw9@t @
’Ax)'AH)’F@ J @ &)()Jx)’F@t J AêUJ9A’ 3@HFA’ A9'JHxA')âA’ êUJ wH@/UHAH)AF )x'J(HAH
)x—)â!—U@ J xA'UHJõA e39@HA)’ —J 0AJ&t &@FJ@wA')At A/UwUx'UHA J'/ r 2’ FJ—)/)xA’
H@FXx')/A’ /@x’')'U!HAFi’J JF UFA HJ9AÉÍ@ êUJ Q 'Ax'@ —J —)3JHJx/)AÉÍ@ êUAx'@
—J )F)'AÉÍ@ /@F A .)@FJ—)/)xA ov’'A è9')FA Q êUJ @/UwAH)A A w@’)ÉÍ@ —J 9J()')F)i
—A—Jt x@ êUJ —)õ HJ’wJ)'@ A@ /@x&J/)FJx'@ —A ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉA wAHA A /U9'UHA @/)—Jxi
'A9 F@—JHxA 8A’ wA9AâHA’ —J IJ 0HJ'@x e ccfC zgrC

A FJ—)/)xA âA) ’)'UAHi’J 3@HA —@ FAH/@ ’@/)A9 J /U9'UHA9 /@F@ wA9AâHA —J


âJH—A—J èx)/A /)Jx'!3)/A J w@H )’’@ )x'@/\âJ9y wAHA @ /@xMUx'@ —A’ @U'HA’
FJ—)/)xA’t ’JMAF J9A’ @/)—Jx'A)’ @U xÍ@t /@9@/Ai’J A —èâ)—A ’@.HJ ’UA
âA9)—Jõ PU—@ ’J wA’’A /@F@ ’J /@x'HA A FJ—)/)xA @/)—Jx'A9 —JâJ’’JF
’JH AâA9)A—@’ '@—@’ @’ @U'H@’ F@—@’ —J (J’'Í@ —@ FA9

1
5 êUJ A .)@FJ—)/)xA J’êUJ/Jt A@ AâA9)AH J’’A’ ëFJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')/A’Át Q
êUJt x@ /AF)x&@ —A /@x’'HUÉÍ@ —J ’JU ’A.JHt (JH@U /@HHJx'J’ êUJ 'Jx'AâAF J‘w9)i
/AH A ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉA —J UFA FAxJ)HA FA)’ AFw9A —@ êUJ A J‘w9)/AÉÍ@ —\—A wJ9A
)x'J9)(Lx/)A FJ/Ax)/)’'A 2’’)Ft w@—Ji’J /)'AH @ ë@H(Ax)/)’F@Á —J 0@H—JU e pmmi
ppdrt êUJ 9@(@ Q —J’9@/A—@ wJ9@ ëâ)'A9)’F@Á —J 0AH'&Jõ e pogi zudr
6J(Ux—@ TU’—@H3 e czmrt A v’/@9A NQ—)/A BHAx/J’A —@ ’Q/U9@ lçl J’'AH)A
’)'UA—A x@ wH@9@x(AFJx'@ —@ J’w!H)'@ FQ—)/@ êUJ ’J A3)HFA /@F 0AH'&Jõ OJ’’J F@—@t
Q /@F 4AxA.)’ e pp i zuzr J 0)/&A' e pp i zumrt UF —@’ )x’w)HA—@HJ’ —A /9!x)/A
FQ—)/A —@ ’J/U9@ lçlt êUJ ’J /@x’)—JHA @ ’JH &UFAx@ «/@F@ UF 3JxkFJx@ —J
'@'A9)—A—Jy ’UA —@U'H)xA J’.@ÉA UF F@x)’F@ w’)/@.)@9[()/@Y eTU’—@H3t czmC mccr
sJ99’'HWFt JF AH')(@ )x')'U9A—@ «P&J )Fw@H'Ax/J @3 A &@9)’')/ /@x/Jw' @3
&JA9'& 3@H &JA9'& /AHJYt —J3)xJ @ /@x/J)'@ —A ’Aè—J /@F @ êUA9 'HA.A9&A /@F@
&@9!’')/@ «x@ ’Jx')—@ êUJ ’J HJ9A/)@xA ü’ wHJ@/UwAÉWJ’ J‘)’'Jx/)A)’ —A wJ’’@A
NA)’ J’wJ/)3)/AFJx'J @ /@HAÉÍ@ —@ /@x/J)'@ —J ’Aè—J /@x/JHxJ ü x@ÉÍ@ —J ’Aè—J
/@F@ UF JêU)9!.H)@ Jx'HJ @ —J’JM@ J A /AwA/)—A—Jt @U A A—JêUAÉÍ@ —A /AwA/)—A—J
/@F HJ’wJ)'@ A@ —J’JM@Y esJ99’'HWFt ccoC omdr
4@x’'A'Ai’J êUJ A 'Jx’Í@ Jx'HJ A’ J‘w9)/AÉWJ’ FJ/Ax)/)’'A’ A’’@/)A—A’ ü
.)@FJ—)/)xA J A’ J‘w9)/AÉWJ’ &@9!’')/A’t HJ9A/)@xA—A’ ü’ ëFJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')/A’Át
Jx/@x'HAi’J wHJ’Jx'J wJHFAxJx'JFJx'Jt FA’t JF â)H'U—J —A âA9@HAÉÍ@ êUJ 'JF A
wH)FJ)HA xA /U9'UHA @/)—Jx'A9 F@—JHxAt A’ J‘w9)/AÉWJ’ &@9!’')/A’ J’'Í@ JF UFA
w@’)ÉÍ@ —J ’U.@H—)xAÉÍ@t —J —J’âA9@H)õAÉÍ@ 3HJêKJx'J
v’’A HJ9AÉÍ@ w@—J ’JH J’/9AHJ/)—A )x'H@—Uõ)x—@i’J A x@ÉÍ@ —J ë@w@’)ÉÍ@
&)JH\HêU)/AÁt êUJ OUF@x' e czpi mo r —J3)x)U /@F@C

A @w@’)ÉÍ@ Jx'HJ UF /@xMUx'@ eJt FA)’ wAH')/U9AHFJx'Jt UF '@—@r J UF


J9JFJx'@ —J’’J /@xMUx'@ e@U —J’’J '@—@ry @ J9JFJx'@ xÍ@ Q xJ/J’’AH)Ai
FJx'J ’)Fw9J’t w@—Jx—@ ’JH UF ’U./@xMUx'@ v’’A @w@’)ÉÍ@ AxA9)’Ai’J
9@()/AFJx'J JF —@)’ A’wJ/'@’ wAH/)A)’ /@x'HA—)'[H)@’C —J UFA wAH'Jt @
J9JFJx'@ Q )—Lx')/@ A@ /@xMUx'@ xA FJ—)—A JF êUJ 3Aõ wAH'J —J’'J e ry —J
@U'HAt J‘)’'J UFA /@x'HA—)ÉÍ@

2’’)Ft A@ J’'A.J9J/JH UFA HJ9AÉÍ@ &)JH\HêU)/A Jx'HJ @ J9JFJx'@ J @ /@xMUxi


'@t J A@ âA9@H)õAH UF J9JFJx'@ —J’’J /@xMUx'@t xJ/J’’AH)AFJx'J ’U.@H—)xAi’J @
/@x'H\H)@ -@H'Ax'@t 3A9AH JF &)JHAHêU)A Q 3A9AH JF ëJx(9@.AFJx'@ —@ /@x'H\H)@Á
NA’ J’'A HJ9AÉÍ@ —J @w@’)ÉÍ@ &)JH\HêU)/A Q xJ(A—At —A! â)H)A A )—Q)A —J êUJ A
.)@FJ—)/)xA xÍ@ 'JF HJ9AÉÍ@ /@F A’ ëFJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')/A’Á jF —@’ FJ/Ax)’i
F@’ wAHA @wJHAH J’’A xJ(AÉÍ@ Q A ’JwAHAÉÍ@ Jx'HJ @’ 3A'@’ J @’ âA9@HJ’ OJ’’A
3@HFAt wJH—Ji’J A HJ9AÉÍ@ —@’ J9JFJx'@’ /@F @ '@—@t wJH—Ji’J A —)3JHJxÉA êUJ Q
J’'A.J9J/)—A wJ9@ A—)')â@ A’’)FQ'H)/@ e@ âA9@Hr

10
NJ’F@ A’’)Ft Jx3A')õAH A &)JHAHêU)A )Fw9)/A /@x’)—JHAH J‘)’'Lx/)A —J x!i
âJ)’t gJ Q JF 3UxÉÍ@ —@’ x!âJ)’ HJ9A/)@xA—@’ A@ '@—@ êUJ ’J J’'A.J9J/JF )—Jx')—Ai
—J’ êUJ ’JHÍ@ ’JFwHJ /@x'J‘'UA)’
4@F A x@ÉÍ@ —J @w@’)ÉÍ@ &)JH\HêU)/A J A —)’')xÉÍ@ —J x!âJ)’t w@—Ji’J â@9'AH
A 3A9AH ’@.HJ A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ Jx'HJ @’ F@—J9@’ —J ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉA -H@w@H)A
'HL’ x!âJ)’ x@’ êUA)’ J’’A 'Jx’Í@ ’J FAx)3J’'AH)A
8@ wH)FJ)H@ x!âJ9t êUJ /&AFAHJ) —J A.’'HAÉÍ@ Ax'H@w@9[()/At x@ êUA9 @
&@9)’F@ Jx(9@.AH)A @ )x—)â)—UA9)’F@ e/@F@ HJ9AÉÍ@ '@—@iwAH'Jrt —J F@—@ êUJ J’’J
)x—)â)—UA9)’F@t /@x3)(UHAÉÍ@ wHJ—@F)xAx'J —A /U9'UHA @/)—Jx'A9 F@—JHxAt ’J /@xi
âJH'JH)A JF UF —@’ F@—J9@’ w@’’!âJ)’ f
8@’ x!âJ)’ ’J(Ux—@ J 'JH/J)H@t êUJ /&AFAHJ) —J JFw!H)/@’ (JxJHA9)õA—@’t
'JHJF@’ A’ HJ9AÉWJ’ —J Jx(9@.AFJx'@ Jx'HJ @’ F@—J9@’ —J ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉA 8@ ’J(Ux—@
x!âJ9t A .)@FJ—)/)xA HJUx)H)A A’ ëFJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')/A’Á w@HêUJt A)x—A êUJ A wH)@H)õJ
@ HA/)@xA9:FJ/Ax)/)’'A:wAH')/U9AH)õAx'Jt @’ A’wJ/'@’ JF@/)@xA)’:3!’)/@iF@HA)’:
'@'A9)õAx'J’ 3)/AF )x/9U!—@’t '@FAx—@ UFA wH@MJÉÍ@ wAH')/U9AH JF —J'JHF)xA—A’
’)'UAÉWJ’ wH\')/A’t @U JF —J'JHF)xA—A’ ’)'UAÉWJ’ /@xMUx'UHA)’t /@F@ A A'UA9t xA
êUA9 &\ UFA J‘w9@’Í@ —A’ FJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')/A’ 8@ 'JH/J)H@ x!âJ9t A’ ëFJ—)/)xA’
H@FXx')/A’Á Jx(9@.AH)AF A .)@FJ—)/)xA w@HêUJt A)x—A êUJ wH@w@x&AF UF Jx3@êUJ
—)3JHJx'J —@ wH@/J’’@ —J ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉAt xÍ@ xJ(AF @’ AâAxÉ@’ êUJ A .)@FJ—)/)xA
wH@w@H/)@x@U Jt JF —J'JHF)xA—A’ ’)'UAÉWJ’t /@x’)—JHAF A—JêUA—@’ @’ 'HA'AFJxi
'@’ êUJ Jxâ@9âAF A’ —UA’ wJH’wJ/')âA’
2 w@’’).)9)—A—J —A J‘)’'Lx/)A —@ Fè'U@ Jx(9@.AFJx'@ Jx'HJ J’’J’ —@)’ è9')i
F@’ x!âJ)’ —JâJi’J A@ 3A'@ —J êUJ A &)JHAHêU)A Q .)—)F Jx’)@xA9 J «A
.)—)FJx’)@xA9)—A—J )Fw9)/A )xâJH’Í@Y eOUF@x't czpC mfcr -@H )’’@t A3J'A 'Ax'@
A’ Jx')—A—J’ /@F@ A’ ’)'UAÉWJ’ /@HHJ’w@x—Jx'J’
29QF —J’’A AwH@‘)FAÉÍ@ Jx'HJ A .)@FJ—)/)xA J A’ ëFJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')/A’Á
wJ9A HJ9AÉÍ@ —J Jx(9@.AFJx'@t /HJ)@ &AâJH xA .)@FJ—)/)xA UFA J’wJ/)A9)—A—J êUJ
J’'AH)A wJx—U9Ax—@ Jx'HJ @’ —@)’ F@—J9@’C A ëFJ—)/)xA (JHA9Á
2 ëFJ—)/)xA (JHA9Át A)x—A êUJ )x/@Hw@HA—A xA .)@FJ—)/)xAt @/UwA UFA w@i
’)ÉÍ@ FAH()xA9)õA—A 6UA —J3)x)ÉÍ@t JF HJ9AÉÍ@ ü’ @U'HA’ J’wJ/)A9)—A—J’t /@F@
ë(JHA9Á )Fw9)/A UFA xÍ@iJ’wJ/)A9'õAÉÍ@t wJ9A êUA9 ’J /@x3H@x'A A ë)—Q)A —J FQ—)/@Á
’UwJHJ’wJ/)A9)’'A J 'J/x)/)’'At êUJ wHJ—@F)xA &@MJ x@ )FA()x\H)@ —@’ wH@3)’’)@xA)’
J J’'U—Ax'J’ —J FJ—)/)xA J —A w@wU9AÉÍ@ JF (JHA9 PA9 )FA()x\H)@t x@ ’Q/U9@ lçlt
JHA @/UwA—@ wJ9@’ ëFQ—)/@’ —J 3AF!9)AÁ FA)’ —@ êUJ wJ9@’ ëFQ—)/@’ —J —@Jx'J’Á
4@F A’ F U—AxÉA’ A'UA)’ xA .)@F J—)/)xAt @/A’)@xA—A’ wJ9A
&)wJHJ’wJ/)A9)õAÉÍ@t A ëFJ—)/)xA (JHA9Á ’J HJ—J3)xJ wAHA ’J )x’'AUHAH /@F@ UFA
J’wJ/)3)/)—A—Jt @ êUJ A /@9@/A /@F@ UFA J’wJ/)A9)—A—J v’'A HJ—J3)x)ÉÍ@ wJHF)'J

27
UFA AwH@‘)FAÉÍ@ Jx'HJ A FJ—)/)xA (JHA9 J A’ ëFJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')/A’Át M\ êUJ ’JH)i
AF FQ—)/@’ êUJ ë@9&AF A9QFÁt êUJ wH@/UHAF UF ëA FA)’Á x@ A'@ 'JHAwLU')/@y
—J’’J F@—@t A «—Uw9A \&­&UI(%36I 6­%é%)Q JxH)êUJ/J @ J’wAÉ@ )x'JH)x—)â)—UA9 —A
/@x’U9'At AFw9)Ax—@ @ â)â)—@ wJ9@ FQ—)/@ J @ ’A.JH —[ —@Jx'Jt âJH’Í@ ’U.MJ')âAt
—UA9t —J UFA HJ9AÉÍ@ FQ—)/@i3AF!9)A êUJ 'Jx—J A —J’AwAHJ/JH —J 3A'@ —A’ /@x—)i
ÉWJ’ J3J')âA’ —A wH\')/AY eNUJ9iOHJ­3U’t czgC p t (H)3@ FJUr d
2’’)Ft @ FQ—)/@ ë(JxJHA9)’'AÁ J’'\ xUFA HJ9AÉÍ@ —J wH@‘)F)—A—J /@F @
wA/)Jx'JC xA’ /@x’U9'A’t FU)'@’ —@’ wH@.9JFA’ Jâ@/A—@’ HJ3JHJFi’J A@ /@Hw@ J A@
’JU 3Ux/)@xAFJx'@y @U'H@’t —)HJ'A @U )x—)HJ'AFJx'Jt HJ3JHJFi’J ü â)—A wH)âA—At
3AF)9)AH J wH@3)’’)@xA9 8A’ wA9AâHA’ —J 0A’õAx(JH e czoC mzfrC «'HA'Ai’J —J @U'HA
FJ—)/)xAC A FJ—)/)xA (JHA9 Q FJ—)/)xA '@'A9 —@ &@FJF '@'A9 vt wAHA wHA')/AH J’’A
FJ—)/)xAt @ (JxJHA9)’'A —JâJ @/UwAHi’J —A (Jx'J —J FAxJ)HA (9@.A9Y 2 ëFJ—)/)xA
(JHA9Á w@—J ’JH /AHA/'JH)õA—A i —J 3A'@t @’ ë(JxJHA9)’'A’Á @ 3AõJF i /@F@ ëFJ—)/)i
xA 9Jx'AÁt wJ9A —UHAÉÍ@ —A’ /@x’U9'A’t —JH)âA—A —A’ /@)’A’ êUJ @ —@Jx'J 'JF A —)õJH
’@.HJ ’UA —@JxÉA
v’’A’ /AHA/'JH!’')/A’ AwH@‘)FAF A FJ—)/)xA (JHA9 —A’ ëFJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')i
/A’Át FA’ xÍ@ Q w@H )’’@ êUJ J9A —J)‘A —J wJH'Jx/JH A@ /AFw@ —A .)@FJ—)/)xAy
xJ’’J /AFw@t @ ë(JxJHA9)’'AÁ ’J @/UwA —A wH)FJ)HA AwH@‘)FAÉÍ@ /@F @ —@Jx'J e—A
xJ/J’’)—A—J @U xÍ@ —J Jx/AF)x&AFJx'@ wAHA @ &@’w)'A9rt J’'\ HJ9A/)@xA—@ A UFA
wA'@9@()A /@')—)AxAt —)3JHJx'J —A Jx/@x'HA—A x@ &@’w)'A9t —A! A —)3JHJx/)AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ
FQ—)/@’ —J &@’w)'A9 e@’ J’wJ/)A9)’'A’r J @’ ë(JxJHA9)’'A’Á
4A.J 9JF.HAH AêU) A9(UFA’ /9A’’)3)/AÉWJ’ —A’ J’wJ/)A9)—A—J’ FQ—)/A’t —A—@
êUJ UFA —J9A’ i A ë/9!x)/A FQ—)/AÁi 3HJêKJx'JFJx'J ’J /@x3Ux—J /@F A ëFJ—)/)xA
(JHA9Á p 2 wA'@9@()A w@—Jt xUFA wH)FJ)HA AwH@‘)FAÉÍ@t —)â)—)Hi’J JF wA'@9@()A
FQ—)/A ewA'@9@()A )x'JHxAr J wA'@9@()A /)HèH()/A ewA'@9@()A J‘'JHxAr 2 ëFJ—)/)xA
)x'JHxAÁt @U ë/9!x)/AÁ Q u HAF@ —A FJ—)/)xA êUJ 'HA'A /@F A —@JxÉA xÍ@ /)HèH()/A
—J /@x’')'U)ÉÍ@ xA'UHA9 JF A—U9'@’ esA&xt czmr -@HQFt xA—A xJ’’A —J3)x)ÉÍ@ 3A9A
—A’ wHJ@/UwAÉWJ’ êUJ ë@’ /9!x)/@’Á @U @’ ë)x'JF)’'A’Á 'JH)AF ’@.HJ AêUJ9J’ A’wJ/i
'@’ êUJ xÍ@ ’Í@ .)@9[()/@’ 4HJ)@ êUJ A AwAHJx'J ’UwJHw@’)ÉÍ@ —J 3UxÉWJ’ ’UH(J
w@HêUJ ë@’ /9!x)/@’Át 3@HA —@ &@’w)'A9t 'HA'AF —J wA'@9@()A’ x@FJA—A’ ë—A HUAÁt
êUJ ’Í@ wA'@9@()A’ êUJ /@FwJ'JF A@ ë(JxJHA9)’'AÁ
5 êUJ ’U.MAõ ü —)3JHJx/)AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ FJ—)/)xA /9!x)/A É3 FJ—)/)xA (JHA9 Q A
@w@’)ÉÍ@ J’wJ/)A9)’'A â’ (JxJHA9)’'Ay A wH)FJ)HAt 'Jx—Jx—@ A UFA 3HA(FJx'AÉÍ@
/A—A âJõ FA)@Hy J A ’J(Ux—At /@FwH@FJ')—A /@F A HJ/@x’'HUÉÍ@ —J’’A '@'A9)—A—J

28
f BHeO

PHAqJJD e ccor A’’)xA9A êUJ A FA)@H)A —A’ )xâJ’')(AÉWJ’ ’@.HJ /)Lx/)A /@FJÉ@U
—Jw@)’ —A 6J(Ux—A TUJHHA NUx—)A9t J‘w9)/Ax—@ ’JHJF J‘/JÉWJ’ A &)’'[H)A J A 3)9@’@i
3)A —A /)Lx/)A
m jF —J’’J’ ’@/)[9@(@’ /H!')/@’ —A /)Lx/)A Q 1J’')â@t @ êUA9t x@ 'HA.A9&@ M\ /)'A—@t
’U’'Jx'A êUJ @’ ’@/)[9@(@’ —@’ 6P6 i êUJ A(@HAt ’J(U)x—@ A /AHA/'JH)õAÉÍ@ —J
sJ’’t ’JH)AF @’ «xÍ@ /H!')/@’Y i «J’'Í@ FA)’ wHJ@/UwA—@’ —J’Jxâ@9âJx—@ HJ9A'@’
’@.HJ /@F@ A /)Lx/)A 'HA.A9&A v9J’ xÍ@ J’'Í@ —J’A3)Ax—@ @U /H)')/Ax—@ A /)Lx/)A
F@—JHxA /@F@ UF ’)’'JFA —J âA9@Ht UFA â)’Í@ —J FUx—@ J UFA 3@HFA —J â)âJH @U
'HA.A9&AHY e1J’')â@C czzC mupr
o jF FAwJAFJx'@ —A Ax'H@w@9@()A FQ—)/A x@H'JiAFJH)/AxA ’@.HJ A wH@—UÉÍ@ HJ9A/)@i
xA—A ü 'JF\')/A —@’ xJHâ@’ w@—J ’JH Jx/@x'HA—A JF OUAH'J e ccor
g 4@F@ A .)@FJ—)/)xA ’J —J’Jxâ@9âJU 3Ux—AFJx'A9FJx'J /@F@ UF Jx3@êUJ ’@.HJ A
—@JxÉA J Q /H)')/A—A w@H xÍ@ 'JH UFA —J3)x)ÉÍ@ w@’)')âA —A ’Aè—Jt xA Ax\9)’J —@
F@—J9@t 3A9AHJ) —J —@JxÉA J xÍ@ —J wH@/J’’@ ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉAt JF.@HA /@x’)—JHJ êUJ
xÍ@ Q w@’’!âJ9 J’'U—AH A —@JxÉA ’JF 3AõJH HJ3JHLx/)A ü ’Aè—Jt —A—@ êUJ UFA J @U'HA
’Í@ A’ —UA’ ë/AHA’Á —@ FJ’F@ wH@/J’’@
f 8A’ wA9AâHA’ —J OUF@x' e ccmC fdrC «-@H @w@’)ÉÍ@ ü ’@/)J—A—J F@—JHxAt A’ ’@/)Ji
—A—J’ 'HA—)/)@xA)’t êUJ )(x@HAF A )(UA9—A—J J A 9).JH—A—J /@F@ âA9@HJ’t êUJ )(x@i
HAFt JF ’UFAt @ )x—)â!—U@t w@’’UJF x@ 3Ux—@ UFA )—Q)A /@9J')âA —@ &@FJFY
d 6J .JF êUJ /@x/@H—J /@F A )—Q)A —J êUJ @ wJx’AFJx'@ —J OJ’/AH'J’ J’'\ J‘wHJ’i
’Ax—@ A’ )—Q)A’ —J ’UA Qw@/At A 3@HFA wJ9A êUA9 J9J A’ J’'HU'UH@U J A’ J‘wHJ’’@U 'JF
)Fw@H'Xx/)A -Jx’AH êUJt ’J xÍ@ &@UâJ’’J ’)—@ J9Jt @U'H@ @ ')âJ’’J 3J)'@t Q /@x3Ux—)H
@ )x—)â!—U@ J A /9A’’J -AHA FA)@HJ’ J‘w9)/)'AÉWJ’t âJH 0A'J’@x e czmr
p -AHJ/JiFJ ’UFAFJx'J )x'JHJ’’Ax'J J’'A /)'AÉÍ@ —J IJ 0HJ'@x êUJ J‘w9)/)'A /@F@ A
FJ—)/)xA F@—JHxA ’UH(J —@ J’'U—@ —J /@Hw@’ ’JF â)—At w@HêUJ J’’J wJH/UH’@ êUJ
A .)@FJ—)/)xA HJA9)õ@U xA ’UA /@x’')'U)ÉÍ@ /@F@ —)’/)w9)xA /)Jx'!3)/A F@—JHxA Q
HJâ)â)—@ wJ9@’ J’'U—Ax'J’ —J FJ—)/)xA v9J’ /@FJÉAF @’ J’'U—@’ AwHJJx—Jx—@
AxA'@F)A /@F /A—\âJHJ’ wAHA /U9F)xAH ’UA (HA—UAÉÍ@ /@F @’ /UH’@’ —A’ J’wJ/)A9)i
õAÉWJ’t )x’JH)x—@i’J —J’’A 3@HFA xA ë&)wJHJ’wJ/)A9)õAÉÍ@Á —A .)@FJ—)/)xA A'UA9
8UFA Jx'HJâ)’'A /@F UF HJ’)—Jx'Jt JF êUJ 3A9\âAF@’ —A /@FwAH')FJx'A9)õAÉÍ@ —@
’A.JH FQ—)/@ J —A w@U/A )Fw@H'Xx/)A —@ &@FJF wAHA J’’J ’A.JHt J9J FJ —)’’JC «v @
êUJ â@/L êUJHt ’J A wH)FJ)HA /@)’A êUJ âJF@’ Q UF /A—\âJHY
z 6J(Ux—@ 4AFAH(@ ãH e ccoArt A FJ—)/)xA @/)—Jx'A9 /@x'JFw@HXxJA FAxJMAH)A A)x—A
A HA/)@xA9)—A—J —A FJ/Xx)/A /9\’’)/At êUJ .U’/AH)A )’@9AH @’ /@Fw@xJx'J’ —)’/HJ'@’
wAHA HJ)x'J(H\i9@’ 9@(@ Aw[’ x@’ ’JU’ FJ/Ax)’F@’ @H)()xA)’
c OUAH'J e ccor A’’)xA9At JF UF 'HA.A9&@ —J HJâ)’Í@ —A 9)'JHA'UHA wU.9)/A—A ’@.HJ
ëxJHâJ’Át êUJ A Ax'H@w@9@()A FQ—)/A x@H'JiAFJH)/AxA U')9)õ@U A J‘wHJ’’Í@
ëw’)/@’’@/)A9Á /@F@ UF )x'Jx'@ —J ’UwJHAH A ’JwAHAÉÍ@ Jx'HJ @ x!âJ9 )x—)â)—UA9 e@
ëw’)/@Át êUJ ’JH)A UF )x—)â!—U@ w’)/@9@()õA—@r J @ x!âJ9 —A’ HJ9AÉWJ’ e@ ë’@/)A9Ár
6J(Ux—@ ’UA w@’)ÉÍ@t J’’A J‘wHJ’’Í@ xÍ@ ’JH)A A—JêUA—A wAHA 'HA'AH A 'JF\')/A —@’

29
ëxJHâJ’Á M\ êUJ )’'@ âA) HJwHJ’Jx'AH UFA â)’Í@ xÍ@ )x—)â)—UA9)õA—A J xÍ@ w’)/@9@()õA—A
—A wJ’’@A vF @w@’)ÉÍ@ ü /A'J(@H)A ëw’)/@’’@/)A9Át wH@wWJ A /A'J(@H)A ë3!’)/@iF@i
HA9Át êUJ A—@'AHJ) A wAH')H —J A(@HA xJ’'J 9)âH@ wAHA x@FJAH A’ wJH'UH.AÉWJ’ êUJ ’J
J‘w9)/AF wJ9@’ â!x/U9@’ J’'A.J9J/)—@’ Jx'HJ @ /@Hw@HA9 J «A’ —JFA)’ —)FJx’WJ’ —A
â)—A ’@/)A9Y eOUAH'Jt ccdC r
u 4@F@ .JF A’’)xA9A PAU’’)( e ccmC zfrt xA’ ’@/)J—A—J’ 'HA—)/)@xA)’t êUJ 'JH)AF UFA
FJ—)/)xA &@9)’'Ai'@'A9)õAx'Jt xÍ@ ’J w@—JH)A J’'A.J9J/JH A ’JwAHAÉÍ@ Jx'HJ @ ë/@F@Á
J @ ëw@HêULÁt M\ êUJ A —@JxÉA Q â)’'A /@F@ UFA HJ9AÉÍ@ ’@/)A9t J A 'JHAw)At w@H'Ax'@t
'JF —J .U’/AH «J’’A ’!x'J’J —J AwHJ’Jx'AÉÍ@ F@HA9t ’@/)A9 J 3!’)/AY 8@ FJ’F@
’Jx')—@t J‘wHJ’’Ai’J sJHõ9)/& e ccmC mu rt êUAx—@ ’U’'Jx'A êUJ «@ —)A(x[’')/@ êUJ
x@’ @3JHJ/J @ FQ—)/@t J êUJ x[’ A/J)'AF@’t 3HJêKJx'JFJx'Jt xÍ@ .A’'A wAHA HJ’w@xi
—JHY
-AHA 49AâHJU9 e czoC mfcrt A HJ9AÉÍ@ FQ—)/@i—@Jx'J xÍ@ J‘)’')H)Ay @ êUJ ’J 'JH)A Q A
HJ9AÉÍ@ )x’')'U)ÉÍ@ FQ—)/Ai—@JxÉAy @ «wJH’@xA(JF —@ FQ—)/@ —JâJ AwA(AHi’J Ax'J
A @.MJ')â)—A—J /)Jx'!3)/A —A êUA9 Q (AHAx')A 7UAx'@ A@ —@Jx'Jt xÍ@ Q J9J @ A.@H—A—@t
FA’ ’)F @ &@FJF x@HFA9 êUJ JHAt J êUJ 'JH\ êUJ â@9'AH A ’JHy @U ’JMAt UF &@FJF êUJ
HA/)@/)xA /@F J‘A')—Í@t @ êUJ êUJH —)õJH êUJ ’J ’U.FJ'J ü HAõÍ@ FQ—)/AY
m G@9'Ai’J A Jx/@x'HAH @ 3A'@ —J êUJ A .)@FJ—)/)xA FAxJMAH)A UFA HA/)@xA9)—A—J xA
êUA9 @ '@—@ xÍ@ Q —)3JHJx'J —@ ’@FA'[H)@ —A’ wAH'J’
o OJx'H@ —@ êUJ AêU) ’J )x/9U) /@F@ ëFJ—)/)xA’ H@FXx')/A’Át Jx/@x'HAHi’Ji)AF (HAxi
—J’ —)3JHJxÉA’ Jx'HJ J9A’y FA’t FJU )x'JHJ’’Jt &@MJt Q J’'A.J9J/Li9A’ /@F@ UF /@xi
MUx'@ —J wH\')/A’ êUJ ’J AwHJ’Jx'AF /@F@ A9'JHxA')âA’ ü .)@FJ—)/)xA v’’A’ —)3JHJxi
ÉA’ 3)/AâAF J‘w9)/)'A—A’ êUAx—@t xA’ Jx'HJâ)’'A’t wJH(Ux'AâA ’@.HJ A’ FJ—)/)xA’
A9'JHxA')âA’t J (JHA9FJx'J JHAF 3J)'A’ —)3JHJxÉA’ Jx'HJ A A/UwUx'UHAt HJ’wJ)'A—A w@H
’JU JF.A’AFJx'@ ë/)Jx'!3)/@Át A &@FJ@wA')At FAM@H)'AH)AFJx'J —J’AU'@H)õA—At J @
/UHAx—J)H)’F@t A/J)'@ xA .A’J —J UF HJ9A')â)’F@ /U9'UHA9 êUJ /UH)@’AFJx'J xÍ@ JHA
/)'A—@ wAHA A’ @U'HA’ FJ—)/)xA’ A9'JHxA')âA’
g 5 wJx’AFJx'@ —J 0A'J’@x e czmr Q @U'H@ êUJ HJ’’A9'A @ J’'A.J9J/)FJx'@ —A &)JHAHi
êU)A —J x!âJ)’ xA Ax\9)’J —A’ ’)'UAÉWJ’ 5 AU'@H .A’JAâA A J’'HU'UHAÉÍ@ —@ wJx’Ai
FJx'@ xA 'J@H)A —@’ ')w@’ 9[()/@’
)’ OUF@x' e czpC m zrt ’J 3Aõ A wJH(Ux'A —J /@F@ HJ9A/)@xAH @ )x—)â)—UA9)’F@t A wAH')H
—@ êUA9 wH@/J—JF@’t J @ &@9)’F@t wHJ—@F)xAx'J x@ @.MJ'@ Ax'H@w@9[()/@ 8A AH')/Ui
9AÉÍ@ —J ’UA HJ’w@’'At —J’/@.HJFi’J —@)’ x!âJ)’C x@ wH)FJ)H@t ’JH!AF@’ )x—)â)—UA9)’i
'A’t âJH!AF@’ êUJ /A—A ’@/)J—A—J J‘wHJ’’A @ Ux)âJH’A9 —J ’UA FAxJ)HAy J x@ ’J(Uxi
—@ x!âJ9t «@x—J ’J /@x’)—JHA UF —J'JHF)xA—@ ')w@ —J ’@/)J—A—J @U —J /U9'UHAt @
wH)FA—@ )xâJH'Ji’J xJ/J’’AH)AFJx'J J @ &@9)’F@ wA’’A A )Fw@Hi’J 5 wH[wH)@ F@—J9@
F@—JHx@ /@xâJH'Ji’J xUF /A’@ wAH')/U9AH —J F@—J9@ xÍ@ F@—JHx@Y
)’ 6J(Ux—@ NUJ9iOHJ­3U’ e czgrt J’’A HJ9AÉÍ@ FQ—)/@i3AF!9)A 'Jx—J A —J’AwAHJ/JH
w@HêUJ @ FQ—)/@ ’[ HJ/J.J UF —@Jx'J x@ /@x’U9'[H)@t JxêUAx'@ A â)’)'A —@F)/)9)AH
3Aõ wAH'J —@ wA’’A—@ PA9âJõ J’’A A3)HFAÉÍ@ w@’’A ’JH HJ9A')â)õA—A w@H /AU’A —A
)Fw@H'Xx/)A /HJ’/Jx'J —A’ JFwHJ’A’ —J FJ—)/)xA —J (HUw@’ J —A FA)@H )Fw@H'Xx/)A
@U'@H(A—A A@’ ’)’'JFA’ —J /Aw'AÉÍ@ FQ—)/At x@’ êUA)’ /A—A FQ—)/@ 'JF UF —J'JHi
F)xA—@ xèFJH@ —J 3AF!9)A’ A ’JU /AH(@

21
)p OJx'H@ —A .)@FJ—)/)xAt HJ/@x&J/JFi’J êUA'H@ J’wJ/)A9)—A—J’ .\’)/A’t /9!x)/At
/)HUH()At ()xJ/@i@.’'J'H)/)A J wJ—)A'H)Ay M\t /@F@ J’wJ/)A9)—A—J’ ’J/Ux—\H)A’t Jxi
/@x'HAFi’J A’ êUJ HJFJ'JF A A9(UF ’)’'JFAt /@F@ A /AH—)@9@()At A Jx—@/H)x@9@()At
@U A —J'JHF)xA—@ ')w@ —J wA'@9@()A /@F@t w@H J‘JFw9@t A )x3J/'@9@()A J'/

22
i
a só,:TUgé xó'ó ljgUQó

B f eOntg afHB cB N B OMtHes nBgB a OMe B c a a f Otf B

8)x(UQF —Uâ)—A &@MJ —A )Fw@H'Xx/)A —@ ë&@’w)'A9Á xA 3@HFAÉÍ@ —A )—Jx')—A—J


wH@3)’’)@xA9 —@’ J’'U—Ax'J’ —J FJ—)/)xA J —@’ FQ—)/@’ HJ/QFi(HA—UA—@’ 29QF —J xÍ@
&AâJH —èâ)—A’ ’@.HJ J’’A )Fw@H'Xx/)At J9A âJF ’Jx—@ HJ’’A9'A—A JF xUFJH@’@’ 'HA.Ai
9&@’ v’’J 3A'@ w@—J ’JH J‘w9)/A—@t JF wAH'Jt wJ9@ HJ/@x&J/)FJx'@ —A xJ/J’’)—A—J
êUJ A 3@HFAÉÍ@ FQ—)/A 'JF —J wkH JF /@x'A'@ @ 3U'UH@ FQ—)/@ /@F @’ Jx3JHF@’ e@U
’JH)A FA)’ A/JH'A—@ —)õJH êUJ 'JF —J wki9@ JF /@x'A'@ /@F A Jx3JHF)—A—Jhr PA9
)Fw@H'Xx/)A /@9@/A @ ë&@’w)'A9Á /@F@ A )x’')'U)ÉÍ@ ’@/)A9)õAx'J 3Ux—AFJx'A9t êUJ «w@H
’UA @H(Ax)õAÉÍ@ &)JH\HêU)/A J w@H ’UA 9[()/A /)Jx'!3)/At xA êUA9 ’J 9J()')FAt A’’J(UHA A
wJHJx)—A—J —J ’UA w@’)ÉÍ@ wHJ—@F)xAx'JY e0A’õAx(JHt cz Cmgur
NJx@’ A)x—A ’J —Uâ)—A —A )Fw@H'Xx/)A —@ ë&@’w)'A9Á xA wH\')/A FQ—)/A /@i
')—)AxAt êUJt —Jâ)—@ A@ wH@(HJ’’@ —A FJ—)/)xAt 'JH)A —J)‘A—@ —J ’JH UFA wH\')/A
)x—JwJx—Jx'J eA FJ—)/)xA 9).JHA9r wAHA ’JH UFA wH\')/A )x'JH—JwJx—Jx'J eA FJ—)/)i
xA J’wJ/)A9)õA—Art )FwJ—)x—@ êUJ UF ’[ FQ—)/@ w@’’A —AH /@x'A —J '@—@’ @’
—@F!x)@’ ” A’’)F êUJ BHJ)—’@x e cpzC cr A’’)xA9AC «@ &@’w)'A9 /@x’')'U) UF AFi
.)Jx'J 3Ux—AFJx'A9 wAHA A wH\')/A FQ—)/At UF FJ)@ êUJ A @H(Ax)õAÉÍ@ —J '@—A wH\')/A
—JâJ 'JH JF /@x'A —J UF F@—@ @U —J @U'H@Y -@HQFt J’'A )Fw@H'Xx/)A —@ ë&@’w)'A9Á
xA 3@HFAÉÍ@ J xA wH\')/A FQ—)/At êUJ &@MJ J’'\ xA'UHA9)õA—At Q HJ’U9'A—@ —J UF
wH@/J’’@ —J /@x’'HUÉÍ@ êUJ J’'JâJ 3@H'JFJx'J A’’@/)A—@ /@F A /@x’')'U)ÉÍ@ —A
/9!x)/A /@F@ —)’/)w9)xA /)Jx'!3)/At xA êUA9 A AwHJx—)õA(JF J A wH\')/A —)Ax'J —@ 9J)'@
—@ wA/)Jx'J 3@HAF /@x’)—JHA—A’ J’’Jx/)A)’
-@—JFi’J '@FAH @’ 'HA.A9&@’ —J B@U/AU9' e cc t cpcr wAHA /AHA/'JH)õAH
J’’J wH@/J’’@ 5 ë&@’w)'A9Á xÍ@ 3@) —J’—J @ )x!/)@ UF J’wAÉ@ wAHA A /UHAy x@’
’Q/U9@’ lGçç J lGçççt JHAt ’@.HJ'U—@t UFA )x’')'U)ÉÍ@ —J A’’)’'Lx/)A A@’ w@.HJ’t
xÍ@ J‘)’')A xA—A ’JFJ9&Ax'J A UFA FJ—)/)xA &@’w)'A9AH m
” êUA’J x@ 3)xA9 —@ ’Q/U9@ lGççç êUJ ’J âA) A’’@/)AH A AwHJx—)õA(JF —A
/9!x)/A /@F @’ &@’w)'A)’ 2 AwHJx—)õA(JF âA) ’J —AH JF —UA’ wAH'J’C «UFA ’@.HJ @

23
9J)'@ —@ Jx3JHF@t @ wH@3J’’@H ’J —J'JH\ @ 'JFw@ xJ/J’’\H)@ wAHA )x'JHH@(\i9@ —Jâ)i
—AFJx'Jt 3AH\ x@'AH A@’ A9Ux@’ @’ ’)xA)’ —)A(x[’')/@’ J @’ ’)x'@FA’ )Fw@H'Ax'J’
—A Jx3JHF)—A—Jy —Jw@)’ ôx@ Ax3)'JA'H@í @ wH@3J’’@H /@x')xUAH\ /@F A &)’'[H)A (JHA9
—A’ —@JxÉA’ @.’JHâA—A’ xA’ ’A9A’ ô—@ &@’w)'A9íY eB@U/AU9't cc C uzr ” xJ’’A
ë/9!x)/AÁt —@ 3)xA9 —@ ’Q/U9@ lGçççt êUJ ’J Jx/@x'HA «UF —@F!x)@ x@ êUA9 A âJH—Ai
—J ’J Jx’)xA w@H ’) FJ’FA J —A FJ’FA FAxJ)HA ü â)’'A —@ @.’JHâA—@H J‘wJH)FJxi
'A—@ J ü â)’'A —@ AwHJx—)õ A)x—A )x(LxU@y wAHA UF J @U'H@ xÍ@ &\ ’JxÍ@ UFA
9)x(UA(JFC Q qQ3á%6I(n e).)— t w ugy (H)3@ FJUr
-AHA êUJ @ ë&@’w)'A9Á wA’’J A ’JH J’’J J’wAÉ@ x@ êUA9 ’J Jx’)xA ëA âJH—A—JÁt
Q xJ/J’’\H)A UFA HJ@H(Ax)õAÉÍ@ —J ’UA J’'HU'UHAt êUJ âA) ’JH 3J)'A w@H FJ)@ —A
ë—)’/)w9)xAÁ 2 —)’/)w9)xA «Qt Ax'J’ —J FA)’ xA—At UFA Ax\9)’J —@ J’wAÉ@ ” A
)x—)â)—UA9)õAÉÍ@ wJ9@ J’wAÉ@t A )x’JHÉÍ@ —@’ /@Hw@’ JF UF J’wAÉ@ )x—)â)—UA9)õA—@t
/9A’’)3)/A'[H)@t /@F.)xA'[H)@Y eB@U/AU9't cpcC udr
2 w@’’).)9)—A—J —J FJ—)/A9)õAÉÍ@ —@ J’wAÉ@ &@’w)'A9AH ’J —\t —J’’A 3@HFAt
wJ9A )x'H@—UÉÍ@ —J FJ/Ax)’F@’ —)’/)w9)xAHJ’ J w@H UFA )xâJH’Í@ xA’ J’'HU'UHA’
—J w@—JH —Jx'H@ —@’ &@’w)'A)’ 2'Q @ ’Q/U9@ lGçççt @’ HJ9)()@’@’ JHAF êUJF
—J')x&AF w@—JH x@’ &@’w)'A)’y FA’t A wAH')H —@ F@FJx'@ JF êUJ J’'J’ /@FJÉAi
HAF A 3Ux/)@xAH /@F@ J’wAÉ@ wAHA /UHAHt @ FQ—)/@ ’J '@Hx@U @ wH)x/)wA9 HJ’i
w@x’\âJ9 2wAHJ/J —J’’A 3@HFA «@ wJH’@xA(JF —@ )P-%êQ -& qQ3á%6I( e r @
(HAx—J FQ—)/@t A'Q @ ’Q/U9@ lGçççt xÍ@ AwAHJ/)A x@ &@’w)'A9t JHA @ FQ—)/@ —A
/@x’U9'A wAH')/U9AH e r 5 \UI­-& )P-%êQ -& qQ3á%6I(a AêUJ9J êUJ ’JH\ FA)’
’\.)@ xA FJ—)—A JF êUJ FA)@H ’JMA ’UA J‘wJH)Lx/)A &@’w)'A9AHt Q UFA )xâJxÉÍ@
—@ 3)xA9 —@ ’Q/U9@ lGçççY eB@U/AU9't cpcC ucy (H)3@’ FJU’r
v’’A )xâJH’Í@ —A’ HJ9AÉWJ’ &)JH\HêU)/A’ x@ &@’w)'A9 ’J FAx)3J’'A —J FAxJ)HA
FA)’ x!')—A x@ H)'UA9 —A â)’)'A —J ’A9At êUJ xÍ@ J‘)’')A —J 3@HFA ’)’'JF\')/A Ax'J’ —A
)x’')'U)ÉÍ@ —@ w@—JH FQ—)/@ x@’ &@’w)'A)’ 4@F@ /@x’JêKLx/)At @ ë&@’w)'A9Á xÍ@
’[ wA’’A A ’JH 9U(AH —J /UHAt /@F@ 'AF.QF —JC

HJ()’'H@t A/èFU9@ J 3@HFAÉÍ@ —J ’A.JH ”t Jx'Í@t êUJ @ ’A.JH FQ—)/@ êUJ


J’'AâA 9@/A9)õA—@ x@’ 9)âH@’ /@FJÉA A 'JH ’JU 9U(AHt xÍ@ FA)’ x@ 9)âH@t
FA’ ’)F x@ &@’w)'A9t xÍ@ FA)’ x@ êUJ 3@) J’/H)'@ @U )FwHJ’’@t FA’ ’)F x@
êUJ Q /@')—)AxAFJx'J HJ()’'HA—@ xA 'HA—)ÉÍ@ â)âAt A')âA J A'UA9 êUJ Q @
&@’w)'A9 eB@U/AU9't cpcC ur

OJ’’A 3@HFAt —J’—J 3)x’ —@ ’Q/U9@ lGçççt @ ë&@’w)'A9Á Q â)’'@ /@F@ UF


—)’w@’)')â@ J’’Jx/)A9 wAHA A wH@—UÉÍ@ J 'HAx’F)’’Í@ —@ /@x&J/)FJx'@ FQ—)/@y A@
FJ’F@ 'JFw@ JF êUJt A@ wH@âJH @ /@x'J‘'@ wAHA A’ ëâ)’)'A’ —J ’A9AÁ e@U ëwA’’Ai
(Jx’ —J ’A9AÁt —Jx@F)xAÉÍ@ êUJ HJ/J.JF x@ &@’w)'A9 JF 3@/@rt .JF /@F@ @

25
J’wAÉ@ x@ êUA9 ’J Jx/@x'HAF FQ—)/@’ i A9(Ux’ JF ’JU’ wH)FJ)H@’ Ax@’ —J 3@HFAi
ÉÍ@ i J wA/)Jx'J’t @ &@’w)'A9 wJHF)'J êUJ ’J FAx)3J’'J A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ Jx'HJ
A’ —)FJx’WJ’ /)Jx'!3)/@iHA/)@xA9 J A &UFAx@iwA’’)@xA9 —A ë.)@FJ—)/)xAÁ
5 ë&@’w)'A9Á Qt w@H'Ax'@t @ J’wAÉ@ 3Ux—AFJx'A9t @ ë'JA'H@Át @x—J ’J FAx)3J’i
'AF @ ’A.JH FQ—)/@ J @’ ’A.JHJ’ 9J)(@’t @’ 'JF@HJ’ J A’ /JH'JõA’t J @x—J @’
/@x39)'@’ ’U’/)'A—@’ wJ9A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ i —A êUA9 A .)@FJ—)/)xA xÍ@ w@—J
J’/AwAHt w@HêUJ 3Aõ wAH'J —J ’JU’ 3Ux—AFJx'@’ i —Í@ 9U(AH A@’ ë—HAFA’ H)'UA9)õA—@’Át
x@’ êUA)’ ’J wWJF JF H)’/@ wJHFAxJx'JFJx'J A’ /A'J(@H)A’o J’’Jx/)A)’ w@H FJ)@
—A’ êUA)’ ’J /@x’')'U)U A wH[wH)A ë.)@FJ—)/)xAÁ
PUHxJH e cpgt czur —J’Jxâ@9âJ A )—Q)A —J ë—HAFA ’@/)A9Á wAHA A9U—)H üêUJ9J’
wH@/J’’@’ —J’AHFkx)/@’ êUJ ’J @H)()xAF JF ’)'UAÉWJ’ —J /@x39)'@ J êUJ ’J FAx)3J’i
'AF wJ9A HUw'UHA —J UFA x@HFA ’@/)A9t —J UFA HJ(HA F@HA9 @U —J UF /@’'UFJy @ êUJ
A/AHHJ'A êUJ FJ/Ax)’F@’ —J HJwAHAÉÍ@ J HJ)x'J(HAÉÍ@ Jx'HJF JF AÉÍ@
2x'JH)@HFJx'J HJ3JH)iFJ ü )xâJH’Í@ —A’ HJ9AÉWJ’ —J w@—JH —Jx'H@ —@ &@’w)i
'A9 A’’)xA9Ax—@ êUJ J’'A )Fw9)/@U UFA ’)’'JFA')õAÉÍ@ —A’ ëâ)’)'A’ —J ’A9AÁ PA)’
â)’)'A’ 3Ux/)@xAF /@F@ UF ëH)'UA9Át â)’'@ êUJ xAêUJ9J F@FJx'@ A’ —)3JHJx'J’
/A'J(@H)A’ )x'JHA(JFt ’Í@ —)’/U')—A’ J J‘wWJFi’J A’ —)’')x'A’ w@’)ÉWJ’ x@ êUJ —)õ
HJ’wJ)'@ A@’ ë—)A(x[’')/@’Á
2’ â)’)'A’ —J ’A9AÁ ’Í@t Jx'Í@t @’ F@FJx'@’ 3Ux—AFJx'A)’ JF êUJ ’J FAi
x)3J’'AF @’ —HAFA’ ’@/)A)’t êUJ wJ9@ /AH\'JH H)'UA9!’')/@ ’Í@ /&AFA—@’ —J ë—HAFA’
H)'UA9)õA—@’Á ” xJ’’J ’Jx')—@ êUJ ’J w@—J âA9JH —A —J3)x)ÉÍ@ —J H)'UA9 @3JHJ/)—A w@H
PUHxJH e czuC ffrC «/@Fw@H'AFJx'@’ J’'JHJ@')wA—@’ e r êUJ ’JHâJF wAHA /@i
FUx)/AH )x3@HFAÉÍ@ A/JH/A —@’ âA9@HJ’ /U9'UHA)’ FA)’ AwHJ/)A—@’ e rt @ H)'UA9t
J’’Jx/)A9FJx'Jt /@F@ UFA /@9@/AÉÍ@ JF A'@t J xÍ@ wH)FAH)AFJx'J /@F@ HJ(HA’
@U HU.H)/A’Y
8Í@ @.’'Ax'Jt J9J /@x’)—JHA êUJ w@U/@’ H)'UA)’ ’Í@ /@Fw9J'AFJx'J J’'JHJ@')i
wA—@’t w@HQFt 3HJêKJx'JFJx'J A’ «3A’J’ J Jw)’[—)@’ )xâAH)Ax'J’ ’Í@ )x'JH/A9A—@’
/@F wA’’A(Jx’ âAH)\âJ)’ xA’ êUA)’t JF AF.@’ @’ x!âJ)’t âJH.A)’ J xÍ@ âJH.A)’t A
)FwH@â)’AÉÍ@ w@—J xÍ@ ’JH FJHAFJx'J wJHF)')—At FA’ ’)F HJêUJH)—AY ePUHxJHt
czuC fzr OUHAx'J A /JxAt x@â@’ ’)(x)3)/A—@’ w@—JF ’JH A(HJ(A—@’ J —)3JHJx'J’
HJwHJ’Jx'AÉWJ’ w@—JF ’UH()H
-@HQFt J’’J 'JA'H@ 'JF UF /AH\'JH J’wJ/)A9t w@HêUJ A @.HA êUJ xJ9J ’J
ëâ)âJÁ J’'\ J’/H)'A wJ9A FJ'A—Jt )x/@Fw9J'At HAõÍ@ wJ9A êUA9t xJ/J’’AH)AFJx'Jt A’
wJ’’@A’ 'LF —J )FwH@â)’AHÁ ’UA )x'JHwHJ'AÉÍ@ ” J’'A @.HA )x/@Fw9J'At J’'A )x'JHi
wHJ'AÉÍ@ )FwH@â)’A—At êUJ wJHF)'J A J9A’ /H)AH J HJ’’)(x)3)/AH A wAH'J ëJ’/H)'AÁ —A
@.HA —A—A wJ9@ ’A.JH FQ—)/@t @ êUJ 9JâA A wJx’AH êUJ xJ’’J’ ë—HAFA’ H)'UA9)õA—@’Á
xÍ@ Jx'HAF JF M@(@ A'@HJ’ êUJ /UFwHJF UF wAwJ9 wHJ’/H)'@t FA’ ’)F ëA(Jx'J’Á

26
êUJ )FwH@â)’AF —J A/@H—@ /@F UFA’ w@U/A’ 9)x&A’ —A—A’ xA @.HA J —J A/@H—@
/@F ’UA’ 'HAMJ'[H)A’ wJ’’@A)’ /@F@ ëâ)âJFÁ @ ë—HAFAÁ g
2 3@HFA /@F@ @’ A(Jx'J’ )FwH@â)’AF i ’JFwHJ —Jx'H@ —A’ J’'HU'UHA’ i
J’'AH\ HJ9A/)@xA—A /@F A w@’)ÉÍ@ êUJ @/UwAF x@ /AFw@ J /@F A 3@HFA —J HJ9A/)i
@xAHi’J /@F @ ’A.JH .)@FQ—)/@y w@HQF @ 3Ux—AFJx'A9 Q êUJ xJ’’A 9).JH—A—J HJ(Ui
9A—A J‘)’'A UFA /AwA/)—A—J /H)A—@HA J (JHA—@HA êUJ 3Aõ /@F êUJ A’ ë)x'JHwHJ'Ai
ÉWJ’Á —@’ ëA(Jx'J’Á 'Jx&AF J3J)'@’ ’@.HJ @’ HJ’U9'A—@’ —@’ ë—HAFA’ H)'UA9)õA—@’Á f

á N B OMtHes ce n B g l f tc e c a

5 &@’w)'A9 —A /@FUx)—A—J J’'\ 9@/A9)õA—@ xUFA /)—A—J —A -H@â!x/)A —J


0UJx@’ 2)HJ’ ” A9'AFJx'J /@Fw9J‘@ J —J 'H)A(JFt @ êUJ ’)(x)3)/A êUJ HJ/J.J
wA/)Jx'J’ —J '@—A A wH@â!x/)A
8A @/A’)Í@ JF êUJ HJA9)õJ) @ 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@t @ &@’w)'A9 ')x&A pdz 9J)'@’y
w@HQFt êUAx—@ /@FJÉ@U A 3Ux/)@xAHt @ 3Aõ)A /@F F)9 2 —)F)xU)ÉÍ@ —@ xèFJH@ —J
9J)'@’ 'JâJ /@F@ @.MJ')â@ —AH FA)@H /@F@—)—A—J A@’ wA/)Jx'J’
6UA J’'HU'UHA AHêU)'J/'[x)/At —)â)—)—A JF wAâ)9&WJ’t F@')â@ wJ9@ êUA9 @’
—)’')x'@’ ’JHâ)É@’ J’'Í@ ’JwAHA—@’ JF J—)3!/)@’ /@F UFA (HAx—J )x—JwJx—Lx/)A
3Ux/)@xA9t /@x'H).U) wAHA êUJ /A—A UF A’’UFA /AHA/'JH!’')/A’ —)3JHJx'J’
4@F@ @’ wAâ)9&WJ’ 3@HAF /@x’'HU!—@’ JF —)3JHJx'J’ wJH!@—@’t &\ /@x’'HUi
ÉWJ’ FA)’ Ax')(A’t /@F UF J’')9@ —J /@x’'HUÉÍ@ F@xUFJx'A9 J FA)@H —J'JH)@HAÉÍ@t
A’’)F /@F@ /@x’'HUÉWJ’ FA)’ HJ/Jx'J’t /@F UF 3J)')@ AHêU)'J'kx)/@ —J A/@H—@
/@F A’ x@âA’ xJ/J’’)—A—J’ —@’ &@’w)'A)’ F@—JHx@’ 5 J—)3!/)@ FA)’ Ax')(@ —@
&@’w)'A9 Q —Jx@F)xA—@ wAâ)9&Í@ FA)@Hy xJ9J ’J Jx/@x'HA UF —@’ —@)’ ’JHâ)É@’ —J
/9!x)/A —@ &@’w)'A9 d v’’J wAâ)9&Í@ Q @ èx)/@ êUJ 'JF UF ')w@ —J AHêU)'J'UHA 3HAxi
/J’At J’')9@ êUJ wHJ—@F)xAâA x@ F@FJx'@ —A /@x’'HUÉÍ@
2 â)’Í@ J‘'JH)@H —@ &@’w)'A9 Q —J —)’')x'@’ J—)3!/)@’ —)’wJH’@’ x@’ êUA'H@
êUAH'J)HWJ’ @/UwA—@ wJ9@ /@xMUx'@ —@’ wHQ—)@’t @x—J @ J’wAÉ@ 9)âHJ Jx'HJ A’ /@x’i
'HUÉWJ’ J’'\ wHJJx/&)—@ w@H \HJA’ —J J’'A/)@xAFJx'@ J wJ9A’ â)A’ —J /)H/U9AÉÍ@
)x'JHxA 6@.HJ’’A)t Jx'HJ @’ —)3JHJx'J’ J—)3!/)@’t @ —Jx@F)xA—@ wAâ)9&Í@ /Jx'HA9t
)xAU(UHA—@ x@ Ax@ cfmt @x—J J’'Í@ 9@/A9)õA—@’ @ w9Ax'Í@ —J JFJH(Lx/)A J @’
/@x’U9'[H)@’ J‘'JHx@’ —J â\H)@’ ’JHâ)É@’
5 w9Ax'Í@ —J JFJH(Lx/)A Q 3@HFA—@ w@H —UA’ ’A9A’ —J )x'JHxAÉÍ@t wJ9@’
/@x’U9'[H)@’ J‘'JHx@’ —J w9Ax'Í@ Jt x@ ’J(Ux—@ Ax—AHt wJ9A ’A9A —J J’'AH FQ—)/A
2’ —UA’ ’A9A’ —J )x'JHxAÉÍ@ e’JwAHA—A’ wJ9A ’A9A —J J’'AH —A Jx3JHFAH)Ar ’J /@FUi
x)/AF /@F UF /@HHJ—@H êUJ xÍ@ 'JF FA)’ —@ êUJ 'HL’ FJ'H@’ —J 9AH(UHA 2@

2
FJx/)@xA—@ /@HHJ—@Ht 'AF.QF ’J 9)(AF A’ ’A9A’ —J @wJHAÉÍ@ J @ 9A.@HA'[H)@ —J
w9Ax'Í@ ” xJ’’J /@HHJ—@H êUJ @’ —@Jx'J’ HJ/J.JF @’ wH)FJ)H@’ /U)—A—@’ wHJ’'Ai
—@’ x@ w9Ax'Í@t wAHA —Jw@)’ ’JHJF wA’’A—@’ wAHA UFA —A’ —UA’ ’A9A’
2 J’'HU'UHA JF wAâ)9&WJ’ '@F@U xJ/J’’\H)A A /@x’'HUÉÍ@ —J 'èxJ)’ êUJ
/@FUx)/A’’JF @’ —)3JHJx'J’ J—)3!/)@’y J’’J’ 'LF UF A’wJ/'@ ’@F.H)@t /@F A9'UHA
UF w@U/@ ’UwJH)@H A —@)’ FJ'H@’ 8@’ —)A’ —J /&UâAt ’Í@ )xUx—A—@’ w@H (@'J)HA’
wH@âJx)Jx'J’ —@’ 'J'@’t @U w@H )x3)9'HAÉWJ’ —A’ wAHJ—J’t @ êUJ 9&J’ —\ UF A’wJ/'@
—J A.Ax—@x@ J —J’@9AÉÍ@ 29(Ux’ —@’ 'èxJ)’ 'LF @ /@FwH)FJx'@ —J —UõJx'@’
FJ'H@’t @ êUJ —\ UFA )—Q)A —J UF /@HHJ—@H êUA’J )x'JHF)x\âJ9t /@F A.JH'UHA’
wHA')/AFJx'J )xJ‘)’'Jx'J’ xA FA)@H)A —J9J’ BA9'AF â)—H@’ x@’ êUJ 'LF A.JH'UHA’
x@’ 'J'@’t A/AHHJ'Ax—@ UFA )xUx—AÉÍ@ /A—A âJõ êUJ /&@âJ 5 &@’w)'A9 xÍ@ 'JF
UFA /@x’'HUÉÍ@ êUJ wJHF)'A A ’JwAHAÉÍ@ —A /)H/U9AÉÍ@ 'Q/x)/A J wè.9)/At HAõÍ@
wJ9A êUA9t x@’ /@HHJ—@HJ’t Q /@FUF /HUõAH /@F wA/)Jx'J’ —J '@—@ ')w@t A/@FwAi
x&A—@’ w@H /AHHJ(A—@HJ’ —J FA/A @U w@H HJ’)—Jx'J’
2’ ’A9A’ —J )x'JHxAÉÍ@ —J '@—@’ @’ wAâ)9&WJ’ eJ‘/J'@ A’ —@ wAâ)9&Í@ x@â@r
’Í@ (HAx—J’t /@F /JH/A —J â)x'J @U FA)’ /AFA’t /@9@/A—A’ JF —UA’ 3)9J)HA’ ’JwAi
HA—A’ w@H UF /@HHJ—@H /Jx'HA9 /@FwAH')9&A—@ 2'UA9FJx'Jt J’’A’ /AFA’ J’'Í@ ’Ji
wAHA—A’t A /A—A UFA @U —UA’t w@H 'A.)êUJ’ v’’A —)’w@’)ÉÍ@ —A’ /AFA’ JF UFA
’A9A (JHA9 wH@—Uõ)U A FJ’FA ’Jx’AÉÍ@ —J Ax')(K)—A—J wH@â@/AâA w@H @/A’)Í@ —A
x@’’A Jx'HA—A x@ wAâ)9&Í@ FA)@H
8@ Ax@ —J cogt êUAx—@ ’J /H)A A BA/U9—A—J —J NJ—)/)xAt 3Jõi’J xJ/J’’\i
H)/ —)’w@H —J UF &@’w)'A9 wAHA Jx’)xAH A’ —)3JHJx'J’ J’wJ/)A9)—A—J’t F@')â@ wJ9@
êUA9 ’J HJ/@HHJ A@ &@’w)'A9 —A /@FUx)—A—J
2'UA9FJx'Jt A èx)/A BA/U9—A—J —J NJ—)/)xA J‘)’'Jx'J xA /)—A—J wJH'Jx/J ü
jx)âJH’)—A—J 8A/)@xA9 4@x'A /@F /UHH!/U9@ —J ’J)’ Ax@’ êUJ ’Í@ /UFwH)—@’ JF
’UA '@'A9)—A—J xA FJx/)@xA—A 3A/U9—A—Jt A’ FA'QH)A’ êUJ HJêUJHJF A wHJ’JxÉA JF
&@’w)'A)’ ’J HJA9)õAFt JF ’UA FA)@H)At x@ &@’w)'A9 —A /@FUx)—A—J OJâ)—@ ü (HAx—J
êUAx')—A—J —J M@âJx’ êUJ J9J(JF A /AHHJ)HAt A 3A/U9—A—J 3@) UFA —A’ wH)FJ)HA’ A
J’'A.J9J/JH UF J‘AFJ ’J9J')â@ —J )x(HJ’’@ 2 )Fw@H'Xx/)A —J’’A FJ—)—A ewA’’A A ’JH
UFA —A’ w@U/A’ 3A/U9—A—J’ —A jx)âJH’)—A—J /@F )x(HJ’’@ HJ’'H)'@r F@’'HA UFA
'Jx'A')âA —J —AH HJ’w@’'A A@ êUJ’')@xAFJx'@ êUJ @’ wH@3)’’)@xA)’ FQ—)/@’ 3Aõ)AF A
HJ’wJ)'@ —A wHJwAHAÉÍ@ —J3)/)Jx'J —@’ (HA—UA—@’t 3A'@ J’’J êUJ JHA /@x’)—JHA—@t A@
FJx@’ JF wAH'Jt /@F@ /@x’JêKLx/)A —A 3A9'A —J )x’'A9AÉWJ’ wAHA 'Ax'@’ A9Ux@’t
wH@.9JFA êUJ AUFJx'@U êUAx—@ /@FJÉAHAF A’ FA'QH)A’ —J 49!x)/A NQ—)/A p
2wJ’AH —@ 9@x(@ 'JFw@ êUJ A )x’')'U)ÉÍ@ A'UA /@F@ &@’w)'A9iJ’/@9A —A BAi
/U9—A—J —J NJ—)/)xAt J9J xÍ@ J’'\ ’U.@H—)xA—@ ü jx)âJH’)—A—Jt FA’ ’)F A@ N)x)’i
'QH)@ —J 6Aè—J —A -H@â!x/)A —J 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’ PA9 —JwJx—Lx/)A A/AHHJ'A A9(Ux’

20
)x/@xâJx)Jx'J’C xÍ@ 'JF @HÉAFJx'@ wH[wH)@ Jt w@H J’’A /AHA/'JH!’')/A —J ëJFwHJ’'Ai
—@Át A jx)âJH’)—A—J xÍ@ 'JF )x(JHLx/)A ’@.HJ A’ —J/)’WJ’ )x’')'U/)@xA)’ —@ &@’w)'A9t
A)x—A êUJ J’'J ’JMA @ 9U(AH —J 'HA.A9&@ J —J Jx’)x@ —A FA)@H)A —J ’JU’ —@/Jx'J’
NJ’F@ xÍ@ ’Jx—@ UF &@’w)'A9 Ux)âJH’)'\H)@t Q /@x’)—JHA—@ @ &@’w)'A9iJ’/@9A
—A BA/U9—A—Jy )’’@ 3)/A /@FwH@âA—@ wJ9@ 3A'@ —J @’ A9Ux@’ —A BA/U9—A—J /@F A’
FJ9&@HJ’ FQ—)A’ J’/@9&JHJF J’’A )x’')'U)ÉÍ@ wAHA 3AõJH A HJ’)—Lx/)A jF —@’ HJ’)i
—Jx'J’ J‘wHJ’’AâA )’’@ /9AHAFJx'J A@ MU’')3)/AH A ’UA J’/@9&AC «Q x@’’@ &@’w)'A9i
J’/@9A e rt wAHA @ J’'U—Ax'J —AêU) ôBA/U9—A—J —J NJ—)/)xA —AêUJ9A -H@â!x/)Aí
’UA wH)FJ)HA )x'JxÉÍ@ Q Jx'HAH xJ’'J &@’w)'A9Y
2 wAH')H —J’’A 'Jx’Í@ @/A’)@xA—A wJHFAxJx'JFJx'J wJ9A’ —)’')x'A’ MUH)’—)i
ÉWJ’ êUJ ’J /HUõAF x@ &@’w)'A9 J wJ9A’ —)3JHJxÉA’ (JHA—A’ wJHFAxJx'JFJx'J /@F
@ N)x)’'QH)@ —A 6Aè—Jt A BA/U9—A—J —J NJ—)/)xA 'Jx'@U 3AõJH —J @U'HA )x’')'U)ÉÍ@ @
’JU &@’w)'A9iJ’/@9A -@H )’’@t x@ FL’ —J x@âJF.H@ —J ccf i wJH!@—@ JF êUJ
J’'AâA HJA9)õAx—@ @ 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@ i t 3)HF@Ui’J @ /@xâLx)@ /@F UF @U'H@
&@’w)'A9 wAHA ’JHt x@ 3U'UH@t @ &@’w)'A9iJ’/@9A —A BA/U9—A—J —J NJ—)/)xA

s S eRâP‘ N h NRN

8@ Ax@ cdzt /@FJÉ@U A 3Ux/)@xAH @ wAâ)9&Í@ x@â@t êUJ 3@HA —J’')xA—@ ü


49!x)/A NQ—)/At HAõÍ@ wJ9A êUA9 @ wAâ)9&Í@ —J 4)HUH()A J 49!x)/A NQ—)/A 3)/@U
J‘/9U’)âAFJx'J wAHA 4)HUH()A z 5 wAâ)9&Í@ 3@) —@A—@ w@H UF )x—U’'H)A9 —A /)—A—Jt
/@F @ @.MJ')â@ —J /H)AH UF A’)9@ @U UF wAâ)9&Í@ wAHA (JH)A'H)Ay w@HQFt /@F@
xJ’’A @/A’)Í@ xÍ@ J‘)’')A A (JH)A'H)A /@F@ J’wJ/)A9)—A—Jt J /@F@ JHA xJ/J’’\H)@
UF wAâ)9&Í@ wAHA /9!x)/A FQ—)/At @ @.MJ')â@ )x)/)A9 —@ 3)9Ax'H@w@ 3@HA A9'JHA—@
5 wAâ)9&Í@ x@â@ Q UF —@’ FA)’ F@—JHx@’ —@ &@’w)'A9t J ’UA /@x’'HUÉÍ@ Q
x@'AâJ9FJx'J —)3JHJx'J —A —@’ —JFA)’C xÍ@ ’J Jx/@x'HAF xJ9J A’ ’A9A’ (JHA)’t FA’
’)F êUAH'@’ /@F 'HL’ /AFA’ J .Ax&J)H@ wH)âA')â@ JF /A—A UFA PA9 /AHA/'JH!’')/A
M\ FAH/A UFA —)3JHJxÉA êUJt ’@FA—A ü A9'A w@H/Jx'A(JF —J ’J(UHA—@’t 3Aõ /@F
êUJ @ wAâ)9&Í@ 'Jx&A A—êU)H)—@ A —Jx@F)xAÉÍ@ —J wAâ)9&Í@ Gç- c
5 wAâ)9&Í@ 'JF —@)’ Ax—AHJ’ @x—J 3Ux/)@xAF êUA'H@ ’A9A’C A’ c J mut —J
FU9&JHJ’t x@ 'QHHJ@y J A’ p J zt —J &@FJx’t x@ Ax—AH —J /)FA 5 )x(HJ’’@ x@
wAâ)9&Í@ ’J 3Aõ wJ9A ’A9A —J J’wJHA êUJ ’J /@FUx)/A /@F A ’J/HJ'AH)A J A ’A9A —@ /&J3J
—J ’JHâ)É@t A'HAâQ’ —J UFA w@H'A —Uw9A J AFw9A êUJ J’'\ 9)(A—A ü’ ’A9A’ —@ 'QHHJ@
8@ 'QHHJ@t A@ 9A—@ —A ’J/HJ'AH)At 3Ux/)@xA A /\'J—HA —J NJ—)/)xA çx'JHxA By A
/\'J—HA —J NJ—)/)xA çx'JHxA 4 3Ux/)@xA x@ ’J(Ux—@ Ax—AH i HAõÍ@ wJ9A êUA9 A’
wAHJ—J’ —A’ ’A9A’ —J J’wJHA J’'Í@ /@.JH'A’ wJ9@’ FUHA)’ JF êUJ ’J /@9@/AF @’
Aâ)’@’ —A’ /\'J—HA’

37
2'HAâJ’’Ax—@ A w@H'A —Uw9At Jx'HAi’J JF UF &A99 @x—J J’'\ A J’/A—At @ J9JâA—@H
J @’ /@x’U9'[H)@’ J‘'JHx@’ e—@)’ x@ 'QHHJ@ J —@)’ x@ Ax—AH ’UwJH)@Hry w@H @U'HA w@H'A
—Uw9A J’'J &A99 ’J /@FUx)/A /@F A’ ’A9A’ 2’ ’A9A’ ’Í@ 3@HFA—A’ w@H UF /@HHJ—@H —J
'HL’ FJ'H@’ —J 9AH(UHAt JF /UMA’ 9A'JHA)’ J’'Í@ —)’w@’'@’ @’ êUAH'@’ v’'Í@ —)â)—)—A’
JF ’J'@HJ’ xUFJHA—@’ exUF '@'A9 —J ’J)’ w@H ’A9Art —J F@—@ êUJ /A—A êUAH'@
/@HHJ’w@x—J A UF ’J'@H P@—@’ @’ êUAH'@’ 'LF 'HL’ /AFA’ e'AF.QF xUFJHA—A’rt UF
.Ax&J)H@ J UFA (HAx—J MAxJ9At @ êUJ 3Aõ /@F êUJ ’JMAF ’UFAFJx'J 9UF)x@’@’
vx'HAx—@ wJ9A w@H'A wH)x/)wA9t —@ 9A—@ J’êUJH—@t —JwAHAi’J /@F @ J’/H)'[H)@
—A Jx3JHFAH)At @x—J ’J (UAH—AF @’ &)’'[H)/@’ /9!x)/@’ —J '@—@’ @’ wA/)Jx'J’ —A’
—UA’ ’A9A’ —@ Ax—AH u 8@ 3)xA9 —@ /@HHJ—@Ht &\ A ’A9A —J J’'AH FQ—)/A J UF @U'H@
/@HHJ—@H êUJ 9JâA A UFA J’/A—A êUJ ’J /@FUx)/A /@F @ Ax—AH ’UwJH)@H J /@F A ’A9A
—@ /&J3J —A ’A9A mu
5 Ax—AH ’UwJH)@H 'JF A FJ’FA —)’'H).U)ÉÍ@ —@’ êUAH'@’ O@ &A99t w@H @x—J
’J /&J(A wJ9A J’/A—A wH)x/)wA9t w@—Ji’J wA’’AH wJ9A w@H'A —Uw9A —A —)HJ)'A J Jx'HAH
xA ’A9Ay @U w@—Ji’J wA’’AH wJ9A w@H'A —A J’êUJH—A êUJ ’J /@FUx)/A /@F A /\'J—HA
—J NJ—)/)xA çx'JHxAt A ’A9A —@ /&J3J —A ’A9A pt A’ ’A9A’ —J AU9A’ J A ’A9A —J J’'AH
—A HJ’)—Lx/)A 6U.)x—@ wJ9A J’/A—A ’J/Ux—\H)At Jx/@x'HAi’J @U'H@ /@HHJ—@Ht x@
êUA9 J’'Í@ A ’A9A —@ /&J3J —A ’A9A z J A ’A9A —A MUx'A FQ—)/A
5 ’J'@H —A HJ’)—Lx/)A /@x’'A —J —@)’ êUAH'@’ J UF /@HHJ—@H êUJ ’J /@FUx)/A
/@F —@)’ .Ax&J)H@’ 5 êUAH'@ —A J’êUJH—A Q U')9)õA—@ /@F@ —@HF)'[H)@t A@ wA’’@
êUJ @ —A —)HJ)'A /@HHJ’w@x—J ü ’A9A —J J’'AHt @x—J @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ ’J HJèxJF x@’
F@FJx'@’ 9)âHJ’ 8J’’J AF.)Jx'Jt Jx/@x'HAi’J @ êUA—H@ixJ(H@ @x—J ’J Ax@'AF A’
A—F)’’WJ’ @/@HH)—A’ x@ w9Ax'Í@ Ax'JH)@H J @ /H@x@(HAFA —J w9Ax'WJ’ FJx’A)’

H âú g e N e úgeP bNH v b âà N H b N H ‘ N H S âú e âH S m P âà N H

8A @/A’)Í@ —A HJA9)õAÉÍ@ —@ 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@ e)x)/)A—@ JF @U'U.H@ —J


ccfrt J’'AâA 'HAF)'Ax—@t xA 9J()’9A'UHA wH@â)x/)A9 J x@ N)x)’'QH)@ —J 6Aè—Jt UFA
x@âA 9J) êUJt /@F @ @.MJ')â@ —J FU—AH A J’'HU'UHA —A’ /A'J(@H)A’t A.HAx(JH)A '@—@’
@’ 3Ux/)@x\H)@’ —@’ &@’w)'A)’ wè.9)/@’ -@H J’’A HAõÍ@t HJA9)õAâAFi’J A’’JF.9Q)A’
J F@.)9)õAÉWJ’ wAHA 'Jx'AH F@—)3)/AH w@x'@’ êUJ )Fw9)/A’’JF —)F)xU)ÉÍ@ —@ w@—JH
FQ—)/@ x@’ &@’w)'A)’t êUJ /@x'H).U!’’JF wAHA UFA 39J‘).)9)õAÉÍ@ xA J’'A.)9)—A—J —J
JFwHJ(@ —@’ 'HA.A9&A—@HJ’ —@ &@’w)'A9 J wAHA ’J @w@HJF A@ ')w@ —J 'HA'AFJx'@ x@’
&@’w)'A)’ wè.9)/@’ ’J(Ux—@ UF /H)'QH)@ JFwHJ’AH)A9
5 'J‘'@ JF —)’/U’’Í@ âA) HJ3@HFAH A IJ) xA u gp t —J czft —Jx@F)xA—A
IJ) —J 4AHHJ)HA -H@3)’’)@xA9 s@’w)'A9AH mv’'A ’UH(J /@F@ UFA F@—)3)/AÉÍ@ —A IJ)
p zpzt —J cpmt êUJ ’J —Jx@F)xAâA IJ) —J 4AHHJ)HA NQ—)/A s@’w)'A9AH eA F@—)3)/Ai
ÉÍ@ )x/9U) JF ’JU AH')(@ oA @U'HA’ wH@3)’’WJ’ xA /AHHJ)HA &@’w)'A9AHr o

38
5 wH@MJ'@ —J 9J) JF —)’/U’’Í@ A.HAx(J '@—@’ @’ 'HA.A9&A—@HJ’ —@’ J’'A.J9Ji
/)FJx'@’ —J ’Aè—Jy /@F J9Jt )x/@Hw@HAFi’J FQ—)/@’t A’’)’'Jx'J’ ’@/)A)’t Jx3JHi
FJ)H@’t /AHHJ(A—@HJ’ —J FA/A J'/ e3Aõi’Jt x@ Jx'Ax'@t UFA /9A’’)3)/AÉÍ@t —J A/@H—@
/@F @ '!'U9@ êUJ @’'Jx'AFr 5 êUJ J’'\ JF wAU'A Q êUJt xJ’’A F@—)3)/AÉÍ@t UFA
’QH)J —J HJ)â)x—)/AÉWJ’ 'HA.A9&)’'A’ —@’ FQ—)/@’ Q A.@9)—A
v’’A —)’/U’’Í@ ’@.HJ A —J3J’A —A’ /@xêU)’'A’ 'HA.A9&)’'A’ @/U9'A UFA @U'HA
êUJ J’'\ ’U.MA/Jx'J J êUJ 'HA'A —@’ &@’w)'A)’ /@F@ 9U(AH —J Jx’)x@ 8@ x@â@
wH@MJ'@ —J 9J)t xÍ@ ’J )x/9U)t ’@. xJx&UF A’wJ/'@t A /A'J(@H)A —J HJ’)—Jx'J’ êUJt
JF.@HA xÍ@ wJH'JxÉAF A@ 36I"" -Q3 &@’w)'A)’t 'HA.A9&AF xJ’'J 9@/A9 g 2 J‘/9U’Í@
'JâJ /@F@ /@x’JêKLx/)A A @H(Ax)õAÉÍ@ —A 2’’@/)AÉÍ@ —J 1J’)—Jx'J’ —J s@’w)'A)’
-è.9)/@’ —A -H@â!x/)A —J 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’t /@F @ @.MJ')â@ —J 'JH UFA /@F)’’Í@ /@F
FAx—A'@ —J9J(A—@ wAHA —)A9@(AH /@F A’ AU'@H)—A—J’ —@ N)x)’'QH)@ —A 6Aè—J
5 ’)’'JFA —J ë/@x/@HHLx/)AÁ JHA @ Aw9)/A—@ Ax'J’ êUJ ’J )x’'AUHA’’J u ’)’i
'JFA —J ëHJ’)—Lx/)AÁy @’ FQ—)/@’ êUJ Jx'HAâAF wAHA @ &@’w)'A9 w@H FJ)@ —@ wH)i
FJ)H@ ’)’'JFA 'HA.A9&AâAF I- qQ­QU&)a @U ’JMAt xÍ@ HJ/J.)AF xJx&UFA HJ'H).U)i
ÉÍ@ F@xJ'\H)At —UHAx'J â\H)@’ Ax@’t ’Jx—@ w@’'JH)@HFJx'J wH@F@â)—@’ ü /AHHJ)HA
wH@3)’’)@xA9 &@’w)'A9AHt wA’’Ax—@ A’’)F A ’JH UF FQ—)/@ —@ 36I"" —@ &@’w)'A9
5 wH@.9JFA â)âJx/)Ax—@ x@’ &@’w)'A)’ /HJ’/J —Jâ)—@ A UFA —J’/HJxÉA A.i
’@9U'A JF HJ9AÉÍ@ ü’ AU'@H)—A—J’ —@ wH)FJ)H@ J’/A9Í@ jF J‘JFw9@ —)’’@ Q A J‘)’i
'Lx/)A —@ /@FJx'\H)@t xÍ@ @3)/)A9t —J êUJ JF ccd xÍ@ ’J A.H)H)A @ /@x/UH’@ wAHA
)x(HJ’’@ x@ ’)’'JFA —J HJ’)—Lx/)A’t wH@w@x—@ UFA HJ'@FA—A A@ ’)’'JFA —J /@xi
/@HHLx/)Ay /@F )’'@ ’J )x'JHH@FwJH)A A Jâ@9UÉÍ@ —@ ’)’'JFA —J HJ’)—Lx/)A’ 53)/)i
A9FJx'Jt J’’J /@FJx'\H)@ 3@) —J’FJx')—@y w@HQFt A /@FUx)/AÉÍ@ 3@) '@FA—A /@F
—J’/@x3)AxÉA J /@F@ UFA A3)HFAÉÍ@ êUJ xÍ@ ’JH)A /UFwH)—Ay JHA AwJxA’ wAHA
A9)â)AH @ /@x39)'@
2 )—Q)A —J êUJ ’J ’U’wJx—JH)A @ )x(HJ’’@ ü’ HJ’)—Lx/)A’ w@—J ’JH /@x3)HFAi
—A wJ9A —)F)xU)ÉÍ@ wJH)[—)/A —@ xèFJH@ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’ êUJ )x(HJ’’AâAF JF /A—A
J’wJ/)A9)—A—Jt 9JâAx—@ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ A /HJH êUJt /@F @ wA’’AH —@’ Ax@’t @ ’)’'JFA
)H)A —J’AwAHJ/JH vF.@HA ’JMA /JH'@ êUJ @ xèFJH@ —J A—F)')—@’ Q /A—A âJõ FJx@Ht
A ’UwHJ’’Í@ w@H /@Fw9J'@ —@ ’)’'JFA —J HJ’)—Lx/)A’ J ’UA ’U.’')'U)ÉÍ@ wJ9@ ’)’'Ji
FA Ax'JH)@H )Fw9)/A UFA FU—AxÉA 'Í@ wH@3Ux—A /@F@ A HJA9)õA—A x@ F@FJx'@ JF
êUJ ’J )x’'AUHAHAF @’ ’)’'JFA’ —J HJ’)—Lx/)A’
2 HJ3JH)—A FU—AxÉA @H)()x@U UF wH@/J’’@ Jx'HJ @’ ëFQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J)Át
'AF.QF /&AFA—@’ ëFQ—)/@’ —J /AHHJ)HAÁ i êUJ ’Í@ @’ êUJ wJH'Jx/JF A@ 36I"" —@
&@’w)'A9 i J @’ ëFQ—)/@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’Á 2 /@x’JêKLx/)A Q êUJ J’'J’ è9')F@’ 3@HAF
A.’@HâJx—@ @ 'HA.A9&@ A’’)’'Jx/)A9 —@ ’JHâ)É@t —J)‘Ax—@ wAHA @’ FQ—)/@’ —@ w9Ax'J)
@ 'HA.A9&@ —J ’UwJHâ)’Í@ Jt JF A9(Ux’ /A’@’t A 9).JH—A—J wAHA xÍ@ 'JHJF 'AHJ3A’

39
A’’)’'Jx/)A)’ ç’'@ @/@HHJt AwJ’AH —@ v’'A'U'@ —A 1J’)—Lx/)A J‘w9)/)'AHt JF ’JU
AH')(@ fmt êUJ A’ A')â)—A—J’ HJA9)õA—A’ wJ9@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ xÍ@ ’)(x)3)/AF A ’U.’')'U)i
ÉÍ@ —@’ —JâJHJ’ J —A’ HJ’w@x’A.)9)—A—J’ —@’ wH@3)’’)@xA)’ —@ ’JHâ)É@
-AHA J‘w9)/AH A ’)'UAÉÍ@ â)âJx/)A—A A'UA9FJx'J x@’ &@’w)'A)’ wè.9)/@’ —A
wH@â!x/)A —J 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’t w@—JHi’Ji)A '@FAH @’ 'HA.A9&@’ —J 0J9FAH')x@ e ccfr J
0J9FAH')x@ a 09@/& e ccfr v’'J’ AU'@HJ’ FAH/AF @ wH@/J’’@ —J Jâ@9UÉÍ@ —@
’)’'JFA —J ’Aè—J AH(Jx')x@ w@H UFA HJ9AÉÍ@ 'UFU9'U@’A Jx'HJ @ v’'A—@ J A’
/@Hw@HAÉWJ’ FQ—)/A’t —J’Jxâ@9â)—A’ A wAH')H —A —Q/A—A —J ou v’’A’ /@Hw@HAÉWJ’
Jx/@x'HAH)AF 3@HÉA xA xJ/J’’)—A—J —J @’ FQ—)/@’ '@FAHJF w@’)ÉWJ’ —)Ax'J —A’
x@âA’ J‘)(Lx/)A’ êUJ A wH\')/A 9&J’ AwHJ’Jx'AâA JF HJ9AÉÍ@ A@’ /@x'Jè—@’ Q')/@’ J
x@ êUJ ’J HJ3JHJ A@ wH@/J’’@ —J 3)‘AÉÍ@ —J ’A9\H)@ f ã\t —J’—J A’ —Q/A—A’ —J mu J
out A êUJ’'Í@ &@’w)'A9AH ’J AwHJ’Jx'A /@F@ UF wH@.9JFA A ’@9U/)@xAH
2 HJ9AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ A’ /@Hw@HAÉWJ’ FQ—)/A’ J @ v’'A—@ eMUx'@ /@F A 4@x3J—Ji
HAÉÍ@ TJxJHA9 —@’ PHA.A9&A—@HJ’ i 4TP i /@F@ HJwHJ’Jx'Ax'J —@’ 'HA.A9&A—@HJ’
A wAH')H —A —Q/A—A —J dur 'JH)A (JHA—@ @ êUJ @’ AU'@HJ’ /&AFAF —J «wA/'@
/@Hw@HA')â@Y i /@x’JêKLx/)A —A’ wHJ’’WJ’ @/A’)@xA—A’ A wAH')H —J UFA x@âA 'Jxi
—Lx/)A )x'JHâJx/)@x)’'A —@ v’'A—@t x@ wJH!@—@ êUJ âA) —J cdpidc A cpd v’’J
wJH!@—@ 3@) /&AFA—@ wJ9@’ AU'@HJ’ —J /@x’@9)—AÉÍ@ —@ F@—J9@ J’'A'A9 i @/@HH)—@
x@’ Ax@’ cgoigd J cfmiff
8J’’A —)xXF)/A —J /@x’')'U)ÉÍ@ —@ wA/'@ /@Hw@HA')â@t JF '@F@ —@ êUA9 ’J
@H(Ax)õ@U @ ’J'@H ’Aè—J xA 2H(Jx')xAt @ F@FJx'@ —A wJ’êU)’A x@ &@’w)'A9 /@HHJ’w@x—JH)A
A UF wJH!@—@ —J /H)’J —@ F@—J9@ i )x)/)A—@ x@’ Ax@’ zu i êUJ ’J /@x’')'U)H)A w@H UF
3@H'J êUJ’')@xAFJx'@ —J ’UA’ .A’J’ J/@xkF)/A’t w@9!')/A’ J )—J@9[()/A’ J êUJ w@—JH)A
—J’JF.@/AH xA /@x’')'U)ÉÍ@ —J UF x@â@ wA/'@ A)x—A JF (J’'AÉÍ@

4R 3 j , Tm D x Tg , 1 m Tx g ,

r N M : e h âT e N é NMv eP bN H âH ú p v e bp M p H âb h à âe H

5 ’)’'JFA —J HJ’)—Lx/)A’ FQ—)/A’ êUJ 3Ux/)@xA xA wH@â!x/)A —J 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’


Q ’U.@H—)xA—@ A@ N)x)’'QH)@ —J 6Aè—J —A FJx/)@xA—A wH@â!x/)At A’’)F /@F@ 'U—@
HJ3JHJx'J A@’ &@’w)'A)’ wè.9)/@’ 8@ J’'A'U'@t JF êUJ ’J J’'A.J9J/JF A’ wAU'A’ —A’
HJ’)—Lx/)A’ FQ—)/A’t J’'A’ 3)/AF —J3)x)—A’t x@ AH')(@ oAt /@F@ @ ’)’'JFA —J /AwA/)'AÉÍ@
)x'Jx’)âA JF ’JHâ)É@ êUJ wJHF)'A /@Fw9J'AH A 3@HFAÉÍ@ )x'J(HA9 —@ wH@3)’’)@xA9t wAHA
@ —J’JFwJx&@ HJ’w@x’\âJ9 J J3)/)Jx'J —J UF HAF@ —A’ /)Lx/)A’ —A ’Aè—Jt /@F @
x)âJ9 FA)’ A9'@ w@’’!âJ9 JF 3UxÉÍ@ —A’ xJ/J’’)—A—J’ —A w@wU9AÉÍ@ —A wH@â!x/)A —J
0UJx@’ 2)HJ’ d

31
jFA âJõ (HA—UA—@ JF FJ—)/)xAt @ /Ax—)—A'@ xA wH@â!x/)A —JâJ /@x/@HHJH A
UFA HJ’)—Lx/)A JF A9(UFA —A’ J’wJ/)A9)—A—J’ FQ—)/A’ 5 /@x/UH’@ /@x’)’'J JF UF
J‘AFJ êUJ âA) /@Fw@H UFA FQ—)A /@F A’ x@'A’ @.')—A’ x@ /UH’@ —J FJ—)/)xA jFA
âJõ êUJ @ A’w)HAx'J 'Jx&A ’)—@ AwH@âA—@t w@—J J’/@9&JH @ &@’w)'A9 JF êUJ —J’JMA 3AõJH
A HJ’)—Lx/)Ay A w@’’).)9)—A—J —J J’/@9&JH J’'AH\ —J'JHF)xA—A wJ9A w@x'UAÉÍ@ @.')—A xA
FQ—)A —A’ —UA’ x@'A’
vF '@—A HJ’)—Lx/)At Jx/@x'HAi’J UFA &)JHAHêU)A Jx'HJ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ —J wH)i
FJ)H@ Ax@t @’ —J ’J(Ux—@t @’ —J 'JH/J)H@ i —J A(@HA JF —)Ax'J 1 9t 1m J 1ot HJ’wJ/i
')âAFJx'J i Jt w@H è9')F@t @’ ë/&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’ÁJ @ ë)x’'HU'@H —J HJ’)—Jx'J’Á
ew@—Jx—@ xÍ@ &AâJH J’'J è9')F@r 5’ /&J3J’ ’Í@ HJ’)—Jx'J’ êUJt 'Jx—@ /UFwH)—@ @
'JH/J)H@ Ax@t ’Í@ J’/@9&)—@’t —J A/@H—@ /@F @ J’'A'U'@t w@H ’JU’ wAHJ’t wJ9@ /&J3J
—J ’JHâ)É@ JF êUJ 3Ux/)@xA A HJ’)—Lx/)A J wJ9@ )x’'HU'@H —J HJ’)—Jx'J’ ex@ /A’@ —J
&AâJH UFr 2 wJHFAxLx/)A xA /&J3)A xÍ@ ’JH\ w@H UF wJH!@—@ ’UwJH)@H A UF Ax@
G)’'@ êUJ A HJ’)—Lx/)A 'JF —J 3Ux/)@xAH —Jx'H@ —J UF ’JHâ)É@ JF A9(UFA J’wJ/)A9)i
—A—J —J UF &@’w)'A9t J A A.JH'UHA —A FJ’FA Q wJ—)—A wJ9@ /&J3J —J ’JHâ)É@ A@
OJwAH'AFJx'@ —J O@/Lx/)A J -J’êU)’At 'Ax'@ @’ /&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’ /@F@ @’ )x’i
'HU'@HJ’ âÍ@ —JwJx—JH —@ /&J3J —@ ’JHâ)É@ 8J’’A /A—J)At '@—@’ J9J’ —JwJx—JF JF
è9')FA )x’'Xx/)A —A AU'@H)—A—J F\‘)FAt êUJ Q @ —)HJ'@H —@ &@’w)'A9
2 HJ’)—Lx/)A —JâJ 'JH UF wH@(HAFA —J A')â)—A—J’ x@ êUA9 Q xJ/J’’\H)@ —)3Ji
HJx/)AH wH@(HAFA’ —J A')â)—A—J’ A’’)’'Jx/)A)’t —J ëH@'AÉWJ’Át —J w9Ax'WJ’ J —J A')i
â)—A—J’ —@/Jx'J’ ” HJ’w@x’A.)9)—A—J —@’ /&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’ A @H(Ax)õAÉÍ@ —A’
'AHJ3A’ —@’ wH@(HAFA’ J’'A.J9J/)—@’
5 wH@(HAFA —J ëH@'AÉWJ’Át x@ /A’@ —A’ HJ’)—Lx/)A’ —J /9!x)/A FQ—)/At /@xi
’)’'J JF 'HL’ 3@HFA’ —J H@'AÉÍ@ —)3JHJx'J’C UF wH)FJ)H@ ')w@ /@x’)’'J JF /@FwAi
HJ/JH w@H UF wJH!@—@ —J êUA'H@ FJ’J’ A@’ ’JHâ)É@’ —J 4AH—)@9@()A J PJHAw)A çxi
'Jx’)âAt ’JHâ)É@’ êUJ 'LF UFA @H)Jx'AÉÍ@ â@9'A—A wAHA @ wA/)Jx'J /H!')/@ i J’’J
')w@ —J H@'AÉÍ@ ’[ Q HJA9)õA—@ wJ9@’ 1m jF ’J(Ux—@ ')w@ Q HJA9)õA—@ w@H AêUJ9J’
HJ’)—Jx'J’ êUJ xÍ@ J’/@9&JHAF 49!x)/A NQ—)/At FA’ êUJ 'LF —J /UH’AH UF wH)FJ)i
H@ Ax@ JF UFA HJ’)—Lx/)A —J 49!x)/A NQ—)/A wAHA HJ/J.JH UFA 3@HFAÉÍ@ JF
49!x)/A 2.HAx(Jx'J Jt A wAH')H —@ ’J(Ux—@ Ax@t âÍ@ wAHA A HJ’)—Lx/)A —A J’wJ/)A9)i
—A—J J’/@9&)—A 2 'JH/J)HA 3@HFA —J H@'AÉÍ@ Q A êUJ ’J HJA9)õA —Jx'H@ —@ ’JHâ)É@ J
/@x’)’'J JF êUJt A /A—A 'HL’ FJ’J’t @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ 'LF —J FU—AH —J ’A9A p PA9
H@'AÉÍ@ 9&J’ wJHF)'J 'HA.A9&AH UF wJH!@—@ JF ’A9A’ —J FU9&JHJ’t @U'H@ JF ’A9A’ —J
&@FJx’t A@ FJ’F@ 'JFw@ JF êUJ Jx'HAF JF /@x'A'@ /@F —)3JHJx'J’ FQ—)/@’ —J
w9Ax'J) —@ ’JHâ)É@
2’ 'AHJ3A’ —@’ /&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’t A9QF —A /@@H—JxAÉÍ@ —A’ A')â)—A—J’t
A.HAx(JF A HJUx)Í@ /@F @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’t wJ9@ FJx@’ UFA âJõ w@H —)At wAHA —)’/U')H

32
@’ wH@.9JFA’ —@’ —@Jx'J’ J —@ ’JHâ)É@t ’J9J/)@xAH /@F @ /&J3J —J ’JHâ)É@ J @’
HJ’w@x’\âJ)’ —A —@/Lx/)A @’ 'JFA’ wAHA A’ A')â)—A—J’ —@/Jx'J’ —@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’
6Í@ 'AF.QF HJ’w@x’\âJ)’ wJ9@ /UFwH)FJx'@ —A’ )x’'HUÉWJ’ wA’’A—A’ wJ9@ /&J3J
—@ ’JHâ)É@ A@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’
5 )x’'HU'@H —JâJ /@9A.@HAH /@F @ /&J3J —J ’JHâ)É@ J @ /&J3J —J HJ’)—Jx'J’
xA @H(Ax)õAÉÍ@ —A’ 'AHJ3A’ —@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’t ’UwJHâ)’)@xAH @ 'HA.A9&@ —@’ HJ’)—Jxi
'J’ Jt @ êUJ Q 3Ux—AFJx'A9t A’’J’’@HAHt —)’/U')H J A/@x’J9&AH @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ x@’
wH@.9JFA’ —)\H)@’ Jx3HJx'A—@’t wH@F@âJx—@ A —)’/U’’Í@ —)—\')/At 'J[H)/A J wH\i
')/A ’@.HJ @’ wA/)Jx'J’
2 HJ’)—Lx/)A xÍ@ /@x'AâA x@ F@FJx'@ —A wJ’êU)’A /@F UF )x’'HU'@H —J
HJ’)—Jx'J’t @ êUJ @/A’)@x@U @ AUFJx'@ —A’ 'AHJ3A’ J HJ’w@x’A.)9)—A—J’ —@’ /&J3J’
—J HJ’)—Jx'J’y w@H @U'H@ 9A—@t wH@—Uõ)Ui’J UF ’Jx')FJx'@ —J 3A9'A xÍ@ ’[ x@’
/&J3J’t êUJ ’J J’'A.J9J/JHAF /@F@ 9!—JHJ’ —A HJ’)—Lx/)At FA’ 'AF.QF /@F@ JF
'@—@’ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’
5 wH@.9JFA /@F A 3)(UHA —@ ë)x’'HU'@HÁ Q êUJ J9J 'JF —J /UFwH)H /@F '@—A’
A’ A')â)—A—J’ —@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’t @ êUJ )Fw9)/A J’'AH wHJ’Jx'J x@ FJ’F@ &@H\H)@ —J9J’t
HJ/J.Jx—@ UF ’A9\H)@ .A)‘@ 2 J’/@9&A —@ )x’'HU'@H '@FAi’J A)x—A FA)’ /@Fw9)/A—A
w@HêUJ 'JF —J ’JH UF FQ—)/@ —J w9Ax'J) —@ ’JHâ)É@ @U —@ &@’w)'A9y ’JH ’U3)/)Jx'Ji
FJx'J M@âJF i wAHA xÍ@ &AâJH (HAx—J —)3JHJxÉA —J )—A—J Jx'HJ J9J J @’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á
e@ êUJ @/A’)@xAH)A 'JHJF AwHJx—)—@ FJ—)/)xA’ FU)'@ —)3JHJx'J’r i Jt A)x—At ’J w@’i
’!âJ9t 'JH ’)—@ 'AF.QF HJ’)—Jx'J
2 3)(UHA —@ )x’'HU'@H â)H)A /UFwH)H A 3UxÉÍ@ —J 9)(AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ ë@ w9Ax'J)Á J
ëA wHJ’)—Lx/)AÁt M\ êUJ wAHA ’JH ë)x’'HU'@HÁ 'JF —J ’JH UF FQ—)/@ —@ w9Ax'J) J ’JH
HJ’wJ)'A—@ wJ9@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ 8Í@ ’J w@—J J‘w9)/AHt Ux)/AFJx'J wJ9@’ wH@.9JFA’ —J
&@H\H)@ J —J ’A9\H)@t A —)3)/U9—A—J —J Jx/@x'HAH @ )x—)â!—U@ A—JêUA—@ wAHA /UFwH)H 'A9
3UxÉÍ@t FA’t ’)Ft w@H J’'\ &AâJx—@ UF wH@.9JFA —J HJ9AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ A’ —UA’ /A'J(@H)A’
B@) J’’A A @H(Ax)õAÉÍ@ êUJ ’J wJx’@U wAHA @ ’)’'JFA —J HJ’)—Lx/)A’ wH@â)xi
/)A9t w@HQFt JF ’UA Aw9)/AÉÍ@ wH\')/At /@x’'A'Ai’J êUJ J‘)’'JF 9)F)'AÉWJ’ —JH)âAi
—A’ 'Ax'@ —@ w9Ax'J) FQ—)/@ êUJ M\ J’'AâA 3Ux/)@xAx—@ x@ &@’w)'A9t /@F@ —A’
9)F)'AÉWJ’ J/@xkF)/A’ êUJ J‘wJH)FJx'AF @’ &@’w)'A)’ wè.9)/@’ x@ F@FJx'@ JF
êUJ ’J HJA9)õAâA J’'J 'HA.A9&@

e ‘ âH ú M âe b N H âH ú p v e bp M p H âb h à âe H

-@H â@9'A —J cp t /@FJÉ@U A ’JH Aw9)/A—@ @ ’)’'JFA —J HJ’)—Lx/)A’ FQ—)i


/A’ 5’ wH)FJ)H@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ —@ &@’w)'A9 )x)/)AHAF xA ’A9A o —@ wAâ)9&Í@ FA)@Hy
w@’'JH)@HFJx'Jt 3@) ’J AFw9)Ax—@ —Jâ)—@ A@ )FwU9’@ êUJ ’J —JU x@ ’)’'JFA A wAH')H
—@ x!âJ9 /Jx'HA9 òN)x)’'QH)@ —A 6Aè—J —A -H@â!x/)A —J 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’

33
2'Q @ F@FJx'@ JF êUJ ’J )x’'AUHAF A’ HJ’)—Lx/)A’t @ ’)’'JFA —J )x(HJ’’@
—J UF FQ—)/@ x@ &@’w)'A9 JHA w@H FJ)@ —A’ ë/@x/@HHLx/)A’Á FQ—)/A’ v’’A 3@) A
'HAMJ'[H)A —J '@—@’ @’ FQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J) —@ wAâ)9&Í@ x@â@ 8@ wJH!@—@ Ax'JH)@H ü
)Fw9JFJx'AÉÍ@ —A’ HJ’)—Lx/)A’t @ êUJ ’J Jx/@x'HAâA JHA UFA /9A’’)3)/AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ
ëwHA')/Ax'J’ FA)@HJ’Á J ëwHA')/Ax'J’ FJx@HJ’Á Jt —Jw@)’t ëFQ—)/@ —J w9Ax'J)Á z
ç’’@ FAH/@U UFA —)3JHJxÉA Jx'HJ @’ êUJ HJwHJ’Jx'AâAF J’’A x@âA /A'J(@i
H)At @’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Át J @’ êUJ JHAF ë/@x/@HHJx'J’Á 6J(Ux—@ @ OH ç t @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’
J’'A.J9J/JHAF UF ë3JU—@Á e ëUFA /A’'AÁ wAHA @ OH á Ár J J’'A.J9J/JHAF UFA
—)â)’Í@ Jx'HJ J9J’ Jt —@ @U'H@ 9A—@t @’ ëFQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J)Á J @’ ë/@x/@HHJx'J’Á c
2 )—Q)A êUJ @H)()x@U @ ’)’'JFA —J HJ’)—Lx/)A JHA A —J 3@HFAH x@â@’ FQ—)/@’
JF /Jx'H@’ —J A9'A /@Fw9J‘)—A—J êUJt —Jw@)’ —J HJ/J.JHJF UFA .@A 3@HFAÉÍ@t
â@9'A’’JF wAHA ’JU’ 9U(AHJ’ —J @H)(JFt @U ’J —)H)()’’JF ü’ õ@xA’ êUJ xJ/J’’)'A’i
’JF —J FQ—)/@’ mu NA’ @ wH@.9JFAt wAHA @’ ëFQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J)Át ’J AwHJ’Jx'@U
êUAx—@ @’ J‘iHJ’)—Jx'J’ ’J —JHAF /@x'A —J êUJ x@’ 9U(AHJ’ —J —J’')x@ xÍ@ &Aâ)A
@w@H'Ux)—A—J’t w@H )’’@t â@9'AâAF A@ &@’w)'A9 -AHA @ OH á t «A )—Q)A JHA êUJ
J’')âJ’’JF 'HL’ Ax@’ AêU) J —Jw@)’ 3@’’JF A 9U(AHJ’ J’'HA'Q()/@’y @ êUJ A/@x'J/J
Q êUJ wJHFAxJ/JF '@—@’ AêU)Y vx'HJ'Ax'@ )’’@ xÍ@ @/@HHJC @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’t UFA
âJõ êUJ A/A.AF ’UA’ .@9’A’ —J J’'U—@’tm —Jw@)’ —@’ 'HL’ Ax@’t wJHFAxJ/JF xA
/)—A—J J‘JH/Jx—@ A FJ—)/)xA @U ’J )x/@Hw@HAF A A9(UF ’JHâ)É@ —@ &@’w)'A9 mm
-AHA @ OH ç t wH@—Uõ)Ui’J UFA ’)'UAÉÍ@ xA êUA9 @’ FQ—)/@’ 3@HFA—@’ x@
ë’)’'JFA —J /@x/@HHLx/)A’Á eJ êUJ 3@HFAF @ w9Ax'J) —@ &@’w)'A9r âÍ@ ’J Aw@’Jx'Axi
—@t J @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ âÍ@ AUFJx'Ax—@t 'Ax'@ wJ9A A—F)’’Í@ —@’ x@â@’ Ax@ Aw[’ Ax@t
/@F@ w@HêUJ @’ êUJ M\ 'JHF)xAHAF wJHFAxJ/JF x@ &@’w)'A9y w@H )’’@t wHJâLJFi’J
FU—AxÉA’C «x@ 3U'UH@ @ &@’w)'A9 âA) 3)/AH JF FÍ@’ —@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ J )’’@ âA) FU—AH
'U—@Yt —)’’J @ OH ç 6J(Ux—@ J9Jt @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ êUJ ')x&AF UFA A')â)—A—J 'HAx’)'[H)At
êUJH —)õJHt êUJ xÍ@ @/UwAâAF /AH(@’ x@ w9Ax'J) —@ &@’w)'A9t /@FJÉAF A 3AõLi9@ J
âÍ@t x@ 3U'UH@t @/UwAH @ 9U(AH —@’ ëFQ—)/@’ —J /AHHJ)HAÁt F@')â@ wJ9@ êUA9t wAHA @
OH çt )’'@ 3AH\ /@F êUJ @’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á «3)êUJF @/UwAx—@ J’’J A’’Jx'@ —J &@xHAY i
HJ3JH)x—@i’J A@ A’’Jx'@ —J &@xHA —@’ FQ—)/@’ v’’A HJw@’)ÉÍ@ @/A’)@xAH\ F@—)3)/Ai
ÉWJ’ xA 3@HFAÉÍ@ —@ FQ—)/@ i «’JH\ @U'H@ FQ—)/@ '@'A9FJx'J —)’')x'@Y
5 êUJ ’J HJ’(A'A —@’ HJ9A'@’ —@’ FQ—)/@’ Q UFA —)’')xÉÍ@ /9AHAFJx'J FAH/A—A
Jx'HJ J’’A x@âA /A'J(@H)A —J ëHJ’)—Jx'JÁ J A /A'J(@H)A ü êUJ J9J’ wJH'Jx/JFt A —J
ëFQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J)Á 2’ —UA’ /A'J(@H)A’ 'LF UFA )x’JHÉÍ@ x@'AâJ9FJx'J —)3JHJx'J
x@ &@’w)'A9t @ êUJ (JHA )x'JHJ’’J’ /@Fw9J'AFJx'J —)’')x'@’ PA9 —)3JHJxÉA @/@HHJ
w@HêUJ @ ëHJ’)—Jx'JÁ xÍ@ wJH'Jx/J A@ 36I""—@ &@’w)'A9t FA’ 'JF UFA HJ9AÉÍ@ /@x'HA'UA9
w@H 'HL’ Ax@’ i w@—Jx—@ A)x—A 3AõJH UFA ’J(Ux—A HJ’)—Lx/)At JF.@HA 'Jx&A —J
HJâA9)—AH A /@x'HA'AÉÍ@ /@F @U'H@ J‘AFJ êUJ Q '@'A9FJx'J )x—JwJx—Jx'J —@ wH)FJ)H@

35
v’’A 'HAx’)'@H)J—A—J 3Aõ /@F êUJ A’ wHJ@/UwAÉWJ’ —@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ J’'JMAF HJ9A/)@xAi
—A’ /@F êUJ’'WJ’ FA)’ UH(Jx'J’ JF HJ9AÉÍ@ A@ &@’w)'A9 J xÍ@ /@F êUJ’'WJ’ A 9@x(@
wHAõ@ 2 ’)'UAÉÍ@ Q —)3JHJx'J /@F @’ ëFQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J)Át êUJ JF A9(Ux’ /A’@’
AwHJ’Jx'AF UFA HJ9AÉÍ@ /@x'HA'UA9 —J FA)’ —J â)x'J Ax@’ J /9AHA /@x’/)Lx/)A —J êUJ
'JHF)xAHÍ@ A /AHHJ)HA FQ—)/A x@ &@’w)'A9
29QF —A’ /A'J(@H)A’ —J ëHJ’)—Jx'JÁ J —J ëFQ—)/@ —J w9Ax'J)Át HJ/@x&J/JFi’J
@U'HA’ /A'J(@H)A’ —)’')x'A’ x@’ &@’w)'A)’y J’'A’ ’Í@ Ab—J ë/@x/@HHJx'JÁmo J A —J
ëâ)’)'Ax'JÁ G)’A/@â’D­ e cc C frt A@ 'HA'AH —A’ HJ9AÉWJ’ Jx'HJ @’ w’)/[9@(@’ J @
&@’w)'A9i)x’')'U)ÉÍ@t HJA9)õA A —)’')xÉÍ@ Jx'HJ A’ /A'J(@H)A’ —J ëâ)’)'Ax'JÁ J A —J
ë/@x/@HHJx'JÁ 8A wH)FJ)HAt Jx'HAH)AF AêUJ9J’ êUJ /@FwAHJ/JF A@ ’JHâ)É@ êUA'H@
@U 'HL’ âJõJ’ w@H ’JFAxAt HJA9)õAF /UH’@’t J3J'UAF A'Jx—)FJx'@t «'U—@ ’JF @U'H@
HJ/@x&J/)FJx'@ êUJ @ —@ ’JHâ)É@t —)3JHJx'JFJx'J —@ /@x/@HHJx'J êUJ 'JF UF
HJ/@x&J/)FJx'@ @3)/)A9Yt @U'@H(A—@ wJ9@ N)x)’'QH)@ —J 6Aè—J —A -H@â!x/)A 5’
ëFQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J)Át Ax'J’ —@ )x(HJ’’@ xA /AHHJ)HA FQ—)/@i&@’w)'A9AHt ’J JxêUAi
—HAâAF xA /A'J(@H)A —J ë/@x/@HHJx'JÁ
NA’ UFA /AHA/'JH!’')/A êUJ Ux)3)/A A’ —UA’ /A'J(@H)A’ Q A —J 'HA.A9&AHJF
I- qQ­QU&)â xJ’’J’ /A’@’t ’J 3A9AH\ —J UFA /@FwJx’AÉÍ@ ’)F.[9)/At UFA 3@HFA
—J ëwA(AFJx'@ ’U.’')'U'@Át êUJ '@FAH)A A 3@HFA —J AêU)’)ÉÍ@ —J 3@HFAÉÍ@ w@H
wAH'J —@’ ëâ)’)'Ax'J’Á J —@’ ë/@x/@HHJx'J’Át A@ êUA9 HJ'H).U)H)AF /@F 'HA.A9&@
A’’)’'Jx/)A9 eG)’A/@q’D­t cc r ç’'@ ’)(x)3)/A êUJ A )x’')'U)ÉÍ@ &@’w)'A9AH —\ 3@Hi
FAÉÍ@ wH@3)’’)@xA9 J HJ/J.J 'HA.A9&@ A’’)’'Jx/)A9 /@F@ /@x'HAwHJ’'AÉÍ@ 0JF —)i
3JHJx'J Q A ’)'UAÉÍ@ —@’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á êUJt wJ9@ 'HA.A9&@ A’’)’'Jx/)A9t HJ/J.JF UFA
.@9’A —J J’'U—@’ —@ N)x)’'QH)@ —J 6Aè—J —A -H@â!x/)A —J 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’ w@H UF
wJH!@—@ —J 'HL’ Ax@’t A9QF —A 3@HFAÉÍ@ wH@3)’’)@xA9
2 —)3JHJxÉA JF HJ9AÉÍ@ A@ wA(AFJx'@ wJ9@ 'HA.A9&@ HJA9)õA—@ w@—J 'JH (JHA—@t
x@’ wH)FJ)H@’ 'JFw@’t UF wH@.9JFA Jx'HJ @’ FQ—)/@’ HJ/QFi)x(HJ’’A—@’t @’ ëHJ’)i
—Jx'J’Á J @’ êUJ )x(HJ’’AHAF wJ9@ ’)’'JFA Ax'JH)@Ht @’ FQ—)/@’ ë/@x/@HHJx'J’Á
-@—JHi’Ji)A AâJx'AH êUJ A’ —)3JHJxÉA’t êUJ A)x—A &@MJ 'LF ’)(x)3)/AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ A’ —UA’
/A'J(@H)A’t 'JH)AF ’J @H)()xA—@ xJ’’J F@FJx'@ J êUJ —Jw@)’ 3@HAF AUFJx'Ax—@ A
wAH')H —; w@’)ÉWJ’ —)3JHJx'J’ êUAx'@ ü’ 3@HFA’ —J Jx'Jx—JH J wHA')/AH A FJ—)/)xA
jFA —)3JHJxÉA Jx'HJ A’ @.’JHâAÉWJ’ —J G)’AD@â’D­ x@ ’JHâ)É@ —J 6Aè—J
NJx'A9 e—J jF &@’w)'A9 êUJ J9J xÍ@ )—Jx')3)/Ar J A’ êUJ HJA9)õJ)t x@ ’JHâ)É@ —J
49!x)/A NQ—)/At 3@) êUJ @’ ëâ)’)'Ax'J’Á xÍ@ /UFwH)AF xJx&UFA 'AHJ3At w@HêUJ @’
wA/)Jx'J’ JHAF 'HA'A—@’ wJ9@’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á mg
BA9'A A)x—A J‘w9)/)'AH @U'HA /A'J(@H)A ’)(x)3)/A')âA x@ ’JHâ)É@ i A —J ëwAHAi
HJ’)—Jx'JÁ 5’ FQ—)/@’ êUJ Jx'HAHAF xJ’’A /A'J(@H)A ’Í@ @’ êUJ xÍ@ )x(HJ’’AHAF xA
HJ’)—Lx/)A wHJ’'Ax—@ @’ J‘AFJ’t FA’ @ 3)õJHAF w@H UF A/@H—@ /@F @’ /&J3J’ —J

36
HJ’)—Jx'J’ J @ /&J3J —J ’JHâ)É@ 5’ ëwAHAiHJ’)—Jx'J’Á /@FwAHJ/JF JF '@—A’ A’
A')â)—A—J’ —A HJ’)—Lx/)At FA’ xÍ@ 'LF UF HJ/@x&J/)FJx'@ @3)/)A9 —@ êUJ 3AõJFt
F@')â@ wJ9@ êUA9 xÍ@ w@—JF A’’)xAH &)’'[H)A’ /9!x)/A’t xJF êUA9êUJH ')w@ —J —@/Ui
FJx'@ êUJ ’A)A —A HJ’)—Lx/)A 2 3A9'A —J’’J HJ/@x&J/)FJx'@ 3Aõ /@F êUJ xÍ@ HJ/Ji
.AF xJx&UF ')w@ —J HJFUxJHAÉÍ@ wJ9@’ ’JHâ)É@’ wHJ’'A—@’t @ êUJ @’ AwH@‘)FA —A’
/A'J(@H)A’ —J ëâ)’)'Ax'JÁ J —J ë/@x/@HHJx'JÁ

e M pHâb hàâe bp à P hâàe v bâàe bN S eRâP‘ N h NRN

2 J’'HU'UHA —J UFA —J'JHF)xA—A HJ’)—Lx/)A —JwJx—J —J UF /@xMUx'@ —J


3A'@HJ’ HJ9A/)@xA—@’ /@F A’ /AHA/'JH!’')/A’ —A J’wJ/)A9)—A—Jt —A’ AU'@H)—A—J’ —@
’JHâ)É@ A9) )x/9U!—A’t —@’ A'H).U'@’ wJ’’@A)’ —@’ ëFQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J)Á J —@’ HJ’)i
—Jx'J’ êUJ A 3@HFAF
2 HJ’)—Lx/)A —J 49!x)/A NQ—)/A —@ wAâ)9&Í@ x@â@t x@ F@FJx'@ JF êUJ
HJA9)õJ) @ 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@t J’'AâA 3@HFA—A w@H UF (HUw@ —J m ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á J
UFA ëwAHAiHJ’)—Jx'JÁy /@F HJ9AÉÍ@ ü —)3JHJx/)AÉÍ@ w@H /A'J(@H)A’t &Aâ)A —@)’ /&Ji
3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’t êUA'H@ 1ot êUA'H@ 1mt @xõJ 1 9 J UFA ëwAHAiHJ’)—Jx'JÁ êUJ
—J’JFwJx&AH)A 3UxÉWJ’ —J 1 9 5 xèFJH@ êUA'H@ wAHA @’ 1m J 1o /@HHJ’w@x—J A@
3A'@ —J êUJ @ wAâ)9&Í@ J’'\ —)’w@’'@ JF êUA'H@ ’A9A’t —J FAxJ)HA êUJ /A—A ’A9A
'Jx&A UF 1m J UF 1o 5 xèFJH@ J9JâA—@ —J 1 9 Q w@HêUJ J9J )x/9U) '@—@’ @’ 1 9
êUJ J’/@9&JHAF @U'HA’ J’wJ/)A9)—A—J’t FA’ 'LF —J 3AõJH UF Ax@ —J H@'AÉÍ@ wJ9A
HJ’)—Lx/)A —J 49!x)/Ay @’ êUJ J’/@9&JHAF 49!x)/A NQ—)/A /@F@ J’wJ/)A9)—A—J ’Í@
’@FJx'J êUA'H@ J x@ Ax@ ’J(U)x'J /@x')xUAHÍ@ xA HJ’)—Lx/)A mf
O@’ mm HJ’)—Jx'J’ eA! )x/9U!—A ëwAHAiHJ’)—Jx'JÁrt m ’Í@ &@FJx’ J u FUi
9&JHJ’y ’UA’ )—A—J’ @’/)9AF Jx'HJ @’ mg e@’ êUJ J’'Í@ x@ wH)FJ)H@ Ax@ —A HJ’)—Lxi
/)Ar J mz Ax@’ ewAHA @’ êUJ J’'Í@ 'JHF)xAx—@r -@—Ji’J /@x/9U)Ht Jx'Í@t êUJt 'Jx—@
HJA9)õA—@ @ /UH’@ —J FJ—)/)xA —J d Ax@’ J g Ax@’ —J HJ’)—Lx/)A ex@ /A’@ —@’
/&J3J’rt )x(HJ’’AHAF xA HJ’)—Lx/)A /@F mg @U mf Ax@’
5’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ wH@âLF —J 3AF!9)A’ —J /9A’’J FQ—)A Jt JF ’UA FA)@H)At ’Í@
3)9&@’ —J wH@3)’’)@xA)’ 9).JHA)’ 7UAx'@ ü wH@/J—Lx/)A (J@(H\3)/At A (HAx—J wAH'J
—J9J’ âJF —A /)—A—J JF êUJ ’J Jx/@x'HA @ &@’w)'A9 J —A wH@â!x/)A —J 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’y
J‘/J'@ v t êUJ Q —@ x@H'J —A 2H(Jx')xA J êUJ ’J HA—)/@U xA /)—A—J J‘/9U’)âAFJx'J
wAHA 3AõJH A HJ’)—Lx/)At J ã t êUJ Q —J xA/)@xA9)—A—J J’'HAx(J)HA
ã @w'@U w@H J’'U—AH xA 2H(Jx')xA w@HêUJt JF ’JU wA!’ —J @H)(JFt wAHA @
/UH’@ —J FJ—)/)xAt x@ Ax@ JF êUJ wHJ'Jx—JU )x(HJ’’AHt @ J‘AFJ —J ’J9JÉÍ@ J’'AâA
’@. FU)'A’ ’U’wJ)'A’ 7UAx—@ '@F@U /@x&J/)FJx'@ —@ /@xâLx)@ —J )x'JH/XF.)@
wAHA Ux)âJH’)'\H)@’t âJ)@ wAHA A 2H(Jx')xA md

3
4@F J‘/JÉÍ@ —J v t êUJ J’'U—@U FJ—)/)xA JF PU/UF\xtmp '@—@’ ’Í@ (HAi
—UA—@’ —A jx)âJH’)—A—J 8A/)@xA9 —A /)—A—Jt A)x—A êUJ J’’J 3A'@ xÍ@ )Fw9)êUJ
J‘w9)/)'AFJx'J UFA âAx'A(JF x@ /@x/UH’@ —J ’J9JÉÍ@ wAHA A HJ’)—Lx/)A
TA99) e czcrt JF J’'U—@ ’@.HJ A ’)'UAÉÍ@ A'UA9 —A J—U/AÉÍ@ FQ—)/A xA 2Hi
(Jx')xAt 3Jõ UF FAwJAFJx'@ —A’ 3A/U9—A—J’ —J NJ—)/)xA ’U.@H—)xA—A’ ü’ jx)âJHi
’)—A—J’ 8A/)@xA)’ J —J —UA’ 3A/U9—A—J’ wAH')/U9AHJ’mz J AxA9)’A A êUAx')—A—J —J
A—F)’’WJ’ J /@x/9U’WJ’ JF UF wJH!@—@ —J mf Ax@’ e cdfi czcr 8J’’J wJH!@—@t
A 3A/U9—A—J êUJ 'JâJ FA)’ A—F)')—@’ 3@) A —J 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’ edm fof )x’/H)'@’rt
’J(U)—A —A 3A/U9—A—J JF êUJ HJA9)õAâA A wJ’êU)’A eod gdm )x’/H)'@’r 5U'H@ —A—@
)Fw@H'Ax'J wAHA AxA9)’AH A w@’)ÉÍ@ —A 3A/U9—A—J —J NJ—)/)xA JF 3@/@ x@ /AFw@ —A
3@HFAÉÍ@ FQ—)/A Ux)âJH’)'\H)A Q êUJt x@ Ax@ —A wJ’êU)’A —J /AFw@t A )x’')'U)ÉÍ@
/@x'AâA /@F @ FA)@H xèFJH@ —J A9Ux@’ J3J')â@’ e p opurt ’J(U)—A —A —J 0UJx@’
2)HJ’ e o fffr
5.’JHâAHAFi’Jt /@F@ /AHA/'JH!’')/A êUJ A.HAx(J '@—A’ A’ 3A/U9—A—J’t —)’i
')x'@’ wJH!@—@’ HJ9A/)@xA—@’ A@ xèFJH@ —J FA'H!/U9A’ J ü F@—A9)—A—J —J A—F)’i
’Í@ 5’ Ax@’ cpg J cpf 3@HAF FAH/A—@’ wJ9A A—F)’’Í@ )HHJ’'H)'Ay —J cpp A
czot J‘)’')AF 9)F)'AÉWJ’ —J A—F)’’Í@ i /@F@ J‘AFJ’ J âA(A’ 9)F)'A—A’ i J 'A‘Ai
ÉÍ@y A wAH')H —J czgt â@9'@Ui’J A@ )x(HJ’’@ )HHJ’'H)'@y FA’t JF czct —)3JHJx'J’
F@—A9)—A—J’ /@FJÉAHAF A ’JH J‘wJH)FJx'A—A’ wAHA HJ’'H)x()H @ xèFJH@ —J /Ax—)i
—A'@’ A@ )x(HJ’’@ xA’ 3A/U9—A—J’ 8@ /A’@ J’wJ/!3)/@ —A 3A/U9—A—J —A /)—A—J JF
êUJ —J’Jxâ@9â) @ 'HA.A9&@t 3@) JF cz êUJ ’J HJ()’'H@U @ FJx@H xèFJH@ —J
)x’/H)'@’ e cmr vF czg J czft HJ()’'H@Ui’J UF ’A9'@ êUAx')'A')â@ wJ9A J9)F)xAi
ÉÍ@ —@’ @.’'\/U9@’ ü A—F)’’Í@y wA’’Ax—@ —J mmft )x’/H)'@’ JF czot A pzd JF
czg J A m fc JF czft xèFJH@’ êUJ /@x')xUAHAF /HJ’/Jx—@ A'Q czc eo cp
)x’/H)'@’rt êUAx—@ ’J )Fw9JFJx'@U UF x@â@ ')w@ —J )x(HJ’’@ ’J9J')â@
jFA /AHA/'JH!’')/A )Fw@H'Ax'J wAHA A 'JF\')/A —J’Jxâ@9â)—A xJ’'J 9)âH@ Q A
@H)Jx'AÉÍ@ —A—A x@ /UHH!/U9@ êUJt AwJ’AH —J 'JH UF wH@w[’)'@ —J/9AHA—@ —J 3@HFAH
ëFQ—)/@’ (JxJHA9)’'A’Át 'JF UFA @H(Ax)õAÉÍ@ —J w9Ax@ —J J’'U—@’ êUJ 3Aâ@HJ/J A
3@HFAÉÍ@ —J J’wJ/)A9)’'A’t UFA âJõ êUJ J‘)’'J UF Jx’)x@ —J’/@x'J‘'UA9)õA—@ —A’
xJ/J’’)—A—J’ —J ’Aè—J —A w@wU9AÉÍ@ J —A’ xJ/J’’)—A—J’ —@ ’)’'JFA —J ’Aè—J ç’'@
’J J‘wHJ’’A /9AHAFJx'J xA (HA—J /UHH)/U9AHt w@)’ —A’ gu FA'QH)A’ êUJ 3@HFAâAF @
w9Ax@ —J J’'U—@’ eâ)(Jx'J JF czcrt mz ')x&AF UFA @H)Jx'AÉÍ@ —@F)xAx'J â@9'A—A
wAHA @ —)A(x[’')/@ J 'HA'AFJx'@ —@’ )x—)â!—U@’t c AwHJ’Jx'AâAF UFA @H)Jx'AÉÍ@
â@9'A—A wAHA A’ /)Lx/)A’ .\’)/A’ J ’[ o ’J â@9'AâAF wAHA A ’Aè—J /@9J')âA

30
s à N ú âb âe h N be M p H âb h à âe

2 A')â)—A—J —)\H)A xA HJ’)—Lx/)A J’'\ —)â)—)—A JF —@)’ (HAx—J’ .9@/@’C A’


'AHJ3A’ A’’)’'Jx/)A)’ —A’ ’A9A’ A'Q @ FJ)@i—)A Jt wJ9A 'AH—Jt A')â)—A—J —@/Jx'J êUJ
/@x’)’'J JF AU9A’ 'J[H)/A’ J JF ëwA’’J’ —J ’A9AÁ
5 —)A —@’ FQ—)/@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ /@FJÉA —J FAxJ)HA ’)F)9AH wAHA '@—@’ -J9A
FAx&Í /J—@t Ax'J’ —J /@FJÉAH A A')â)—A—J —A ’A9At HJèxJFi’J xA ’A9A —J J’'AH —A
HJ’)—Lx/)At @x—J '@FAF /&)FAHHÍ@ JxêUAx'@ /@xâJH’AF ’@.HJ 'JFA’ (JHA)’t —)’i
/U'JF A/JH/A —@’ HJ’U9'A—@’ —@’ J‘AFJ’ eêUJ wHJâ)AFJx'J A9(UQF HJ/@9&JU —@
9A.@HA'[H)@r J '@FAF /@x&J/)FJx'@ —A A—F)’’Í@ —J A9(UF wA/)Jx'J v’’J Jx/@xi
'H@ (JHA9FJx'J âA) ’J J’âAõ)Ax—@ ü FJ—)—A êUJ @’ 1ç âÍ@ ’A)x—@ —A ’A9A wAHA
)x’wJ/)@xAH @’ wA/)Jx'J’t xÍ@ @.’'Ax'J 'Jx&A ’)—@ xJ/J’’\H)@t JF A9(UFA’ @/A’)WJ’
xA’ êUA)’ @ Jx/@x'H@ ’J A9@x(AâA —QFA’)A—AFJx'Jt êUJ A9(Ux’ —@’ /&J3J’ wJH(Uxi
'A’’JF ’J xÍ@ ')x&A 'HA.A9&@ xA ’A9At M\ êUJ J’'AâAF '@—@’ A9) e—Jw@)’ —J’’A wJHi
(Ux'At xJx&UF —@’ 1ç wJHFAxJ/JUr 8J’’J’ Jx/@x'H@’t wAH')/)wAF '@—@’ @’ êUJ
âÍ@ /&J(Ax—@ ’JF —)’')xÉÍ@ —J (HAUy FA’ Q AêU)t xA ’A9A —A HJ’)—Lx/)At @x—J
/@FJÉAF A’ 'AHJ3A’ —)3JHJx/)A—A’ 5’ 1ç ’AJF wAHA A ’A9At @’ 1mt ’J J’'Í@ —J
w9Ax'Í@ x@ J—)3!/)@ /Jx'HA9t ’AJF wAHA 9\y @’ êUJ xÍ@ J’'Í@ —J w9Ax'Í@ âÍ@ wAHA A
’ A 9A MUx'@ /@F @’ 1o
2 ’ ëwA’’A(Jx’ —J ’A9AÁ ’Í@ 3J)'A’ UFA âJõ w@H ’JFAxA J —JâJF wAH')/)wAH
— J 9A '@ — @ ’ @ ’ FJF.H@’ —A ’A9At 'Ax'@ @’ FQ—)/@’ /@F@ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ -@—J @/Ui
wAH (HAx—J wAH'J —A FAx&Í e(JHA9FJx'J /@FJÉA ü’ z& J ouF)xr 5’ —)A’ JF êUJ
x Í @ &\ wA’’A(JF —J ’A9A ’Í@ FA)’ 'HAxêK)9@’ w@HêUJ ’@.HA FA)’ 'JFw@ wAHA @’
HJ’)—Jx'J’ 3AõJHJF @U'HA’ /@)’A’t xÍ@ wHJ/)’AF AwHJ’’AHi’J wAHA HJâJH @’ wA/)Jxi
'J’ J 'LF FA)’ 'JFw@ wAHA —J’Jxâ@9âJH A’ &)’'[H)A’ /9!x)/A’
I@(@ —Jw@)’ —J HJâJH @’ wA/)Jx'J’t @U —J HJA9)õAH A ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9AÁt @’
1ç /@FJÉAF A Aõ\3AFA FA'U')xAt F@')â@ wJ9@ êUA9 ’J w@—J âLi9@’ /AF)x&AH —J
UF 9A—@ wAHA @U'H@t /@F A9(UF wA/)Jx'J @U ’@õ)x&@’t wH@/UHAx—@ HJA9)õAH A9(UFA
/@x’U9'At wJ—)H 'UHx@’t @U .U’/AH HJ’U9'A—@’ —J J’'U—@’ 4 t UFA —A’ 1 9t ’J
AU'@—J3)x)U /@F@ «@ .UHH@ —J /AH(A e rt A HA’wA —@ 'A/&@Yt 3AõJx—@ A9U’Í@ ü
/@x—)ÉÍ@ —J êUJ ’Í@ J9J’ êUJ 'LF FJx@’ —)HJ)'@’ eJF HJ9AÉÍ@ A@’ FA)’ Ax')(@’r
-AHA NÖ «@’ 1 9 J’'AF@’ '@—@’ /@HHJx—@Y 8@ —)A JF êUJ —)’’J )’’@t N 3@) A@
J’/H)'[H)@ —J -AF)tmc —Jw@)’ 3@) A@ ’JHâ)É@ —J sJFA'@9@()A w@H /AU’A —J UF wA/)i
Jx'J /@F @ âA’@ Jx3AH'A—@ 4@F@ @ wA/)Jx'J xÍ@ JHA @wJH\âJ9t A FAx—AHAF wAHA
A 1A—)@'JHAw)A wAHA /@x’U9'AH A w@’’).)9)—A—J —J HJA9)õAH UF 'HA'AFJx'@ /@F HA—)i
AÉÍ@ i xAêUJ9A FAx&Ít A/@FwAx&J)iA w@H '@—A wAH'Jt —J F@—@ êUJ wU—J @.’JHâAH
A’ 3@HFA’ —J 'HA'AFJx'@ —@’ —)3JHJx'J’ ’JHâ)É@’t A@ FJ’F@ 'JFw@ JF êUJ 3Aõ)A
UFA )—Q)A —A’ 'AHJ3A’ /@')—)AxA’ —@’ 1 9

57
2 H@')xA —@’ 1m xÍ@ âAH)A 3Ux—AFJx'A9FJx'J —A —@’ 1ç êUAx—@ J’'Í@ xA
’A9At FA’ ’)F êUAx—@ 'LF —J HJA9)õAH w9Ax'WJ’ x@ ’JHâ)É@ —J JFJH(Lx/)A’ —@ &@’i
w)'A9 J êUAx—@ J’'Í@ wA’’Ax—@ w@H @U'H@’ ’JHâ)É@’t w@)’t xJ’’J’ /A’@’t xÍ@ 'LF
wA/)Jx'J’ —J’)(xA—@’ xA ’A9A
vF HJ9AÉÍ@ A@ è9')F@ (HUw@t @’ 1ot ’UA 'AHJ3A Q J’'AH xA ’A9A Aw@)Ax—@ J
(U)Ax—@ @’ 1ç êUJ @’ /@x’U9'AF wJHFAxJx'JFJx'Jy @’ 1o xÍ@ 'LF wA/)Jx'J’ A ’JU
/AH(@t FA’ /@x&J/JF )x—)HJ'AFJx'J '@—@’ J9J’ J ’Í@ @’ HJ’w@x’\âJ)’t A@ FJx@’ JF
wAH'Jt wJ9A’ /@x—U'A’ —@’ 1 9t M\ êUJ J’'J’ —)3)/)9FJx'J '@FAF êUA)’êUJH HJ’@9UÉWJ’
’JF /@x’U9'\i9@’
2 'AHJ3A —@’ ë/&J3J’Á wJ9A FAx&Í Q @H(Ax)õAH A’ A')â)—A—J’ —A HJ’)—Lx/)A J
'AF.QF HJA9)õAH @’ ëwA’’J’ —J ’A9AÁ —@’ 1 9t HAõÍ@ wJ9A êUA9 'AF.QF J’'Í@ xA ’A9A
JF (HAx—J wAH'J —A FAx&Í
2 A')â)—A—J A’’)’'Jx/)A9t êUJ )x/9U) ] A'Jx—)FJx'@ J @ A/@FwAx&AFJx'@ —@
wA/)Jx'Jt wJHF)'J 'AF.QF UFA ’QH)J —J A')â)—A—J’ êUJ xÍ@ ’Í@ J’'H)'AFJx'J FQ—)i
/A’t 'A)’ /@F@t '@FAH @’ ’)xA)’ .\’)/@’ —@’ wA/)Jx'J’ /@')—)AxAFJx'J i 'AHJ3A êUJ
JF @U'H@’ &@’w)'A)’ Q 3J)'A wJ9@’ Jx3JHFJ)H@’ i t 9JâAH wA/)Jx'J’ wAHA A HJA9)õAÉÍ@
—@’ J‘AFJ’ êUAx—@ xÍ@ J’'Í@ —)’w@x!âJ)’ @’ /AHHJ(A—@HJ’ —J FA/A J /@x’J(U)H
UF 'UHx@ @U .U’/AH @’ HJ’U9'A—@’ —A’ Ax\9)’J’ -@H /AU’A —J’’A’ 'AHJ3A’ xÍ@i
FQ—)/A’t @ 'JFw@ JF êUJ J’'Í@ /@F @ wA/)Jx'J Q F!x)F@t @ êUJ (JHA UFA ’Jx’Ai
ÉÍ@ —J AwHJJx’Í@ x@ HJ’)—Jx'J J —J A.Ax—@x@ x@ Jx3JHF@ 2 HJ’wJ)'@ —J’’A ’)'UAi
ÉÍ@t T t UFA 1mt FJ —)õ)AC

Q 6&)áQ ?O& áI33I)Q3 êQ) O) áIê%&­6& P -& sga 3& 6I­6Qh &­6[Q ÉQê’
êq&\I -& )I­q[a &0I)%­I Q áIê%&­6& & -&áQ%3 -&3IáIU&ê&h ÉI% NO3êIU
6OU­Q3a U&3O(6I-Q3 -& q&)QêO(6%ÉQ3a iMMMc -&áQ%3 ÉQê’ 6&) ?O& -&3&­ÉQ(
É&Ua & "Iú&U I I6%É%-I-& -I 6IU-&M FOI­6Q &36' êQ) Q áIê%&­6&H E­3 sgM
G33& P Q 6&)áQ ?O& Q áIê%&­6& &36' &) êQ­6I6Q êQ) Q )P-%êQM

I t UF —@’ /&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’t HJ/@H—Ax—@ @ 'JFw@ JF êUJ JHA UF 1 9t


FJ —)’’J «JU wA’’AâA —A’ z ü’ z& J guF)x HJâJx—@ wA/)Jx'J’ J —Jw@)’ FJ @/UwAâA
3AõJx—@ 'AHJ3A’ xÍ@ FQ—)/A’Y
2@ FJ)@i—)At @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ /@xâJH(JF x@âAFJx'J wAHA A ’A9A —J J’'AHt /@Fi
w9J'Ax—@ @’ &)’'[H)/@’ /9!x)/@’ @U 3AõJx—@ /@x’U9'A’ A@’ 1o OJw@)’ —@ A9F@É@t
/@FJÉA A A')â)—A—J —A 'AH—J J '@—@ wA/)Jx'J êUJ )x(HJ’’A Aw[’ @ FJ)@i—)A Q HJ/Ji
.)—@ wJ9@’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á êUJ J’'Í@ —J ëw9Ax'Í@Á 2’ A')â)—A—J’ —A 'AH—J ’Í@ —@/Jx'J’t
/@x’)’'JF JF UFA wA’’A(JF —J ’A9A e'AF.QF /&AFA—@ ëwA’’J —J ’A9AÁt /@F@ M\
J‘w9)/AHJ)rt —UA’ AU9A’ 'J[H)/A’ êUJ ’Í@ wHJwAHA—A’ w@H 1mt 1ot wJ9@’ /&J3J’t @U
w@H FQ—)/@’ —J @U'H@’ ’JHâ)É@’ A@’ êUA)’ ’J wJ—)A /@@wJHAÉÍ@ i —UHAx'J @ wJH!@—@
JF êUJ J’')âJ HJA9)õAx—@ @ 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@t xJx&UF —@’ FQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J) —@

58
wAâ)9&Í@ —JU UFA AU9A xA HJ’)—Lx/)A 7UAx—@t ü’ p &@HA’t 'JHF)xA A A')â)—A—Jt @’
êUJ 'LF —J ë—J’Jxâ@9âJH &)’'[H)A’Áou wJHFAxJ/JF MUx'@ A@’ êUJ J’'Í@ —J w9Ax'Í@
2 Jx'HA—A xA HJ’)—Lx/)A wH@—Uõ /JH'A’ FU—AxÉA’t HJ9A/)@xA—A’ ü’ â)âLx/)A’
/@')—)AxA’t xA’ /@x—U'A’ —@’ M@âJx’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ PA)’ F@—)3)/AÉWJ’t JF wAH'Jt ’Í@
@/A’)@xA—A’ w@H UF HJ()FJ —J &@H\H)@ êUJ 9&J’ J‘)(J wJHFAxJ/JH x@ &@’w)'A9 —A’
z —A FAx&Í ü’ p &@HA’t —J ’J(Ux—A ü ’J‘'At J A@’ ’\.A—@’ —J z ü’ m &@HA’t A@
êUJ ’J ’@FAF —@)’ w9Ax'WJ’ ’JFAxA)’ 29QF —J’’A /AH(A &@H\H)At 'JFi’J —J 9JâAH
JF /@x'A êUJt w@H 3A9'A —J &A.)9)—A—J xA’ 'AHJ3A’ HJA9)õA—A’ x@’ wH)FJ)H@’ FJ’J’t
êUA’J '@—@’ @’ 1ç ’J HJ')HAF —A HJ’)—Lx/)A —Jw@)’ —A’ p &@HA’t /@F )’’@t @
'JFw@ —J /@xâ)âLx/)A Q FA)@H
2’ HJ’)—Lx/)A’ ’Í@ '@FA—A’ /@F@ @ wH)FJ)H@ 'HA.A9&@ ë’QH)@Á x@ êUJ /@x/JHxJ
ü FJ—)/)xA J HJwHJ’Jx'AF UF wH)FJ)H@ Jx/@x'H@ /@F A ëFJ—)/)xA â)â)—AÁ - t UF
—@’ /&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’t wk—J âJH J’’A ’JH)J—A—J J‘wHJ’’A x@’ H@’'@’ —@’ 1ç JF
’JU wH)FJ)H@ —)Ay HJ/@H—Ax—@ J’’J —)At —)õ)AC «')x&A êUJ 'JH â)’'@ A’ /AHA’ êUAx—@
Jx'HAHAFY 2 wAH')H —J Jx'Í@t wA’’AF A ëâ)âJHÁ x@ &@’w)'A9y Jx'HJ'Ax'@t «&\ (Jx'J
êUJ 'JF wH@.9JFA’ —J A—Aw'AÉÍ@Y 1J3JH)x—@i’J A J’’J F@FJx'@t O t UFA 1 9t FJ
—)’’JC «â@/L ')x&A êUJ 'JH â)x—@ êUAx—@ Jx'HAF@’t @’ wH)FJ)H@’ —)A’t /&@H\âAF@’
'@—@ @ —)At .A& e r JU /&@HAâAt xÍ@ FJ A/@’'UFAâA A J’'A â)—At A J’'AH AêU)y
wJx’J) êUJ &Aâ)A JHHA—@ —J /AHHJ)HAY
5 HJ9A'@ —J O 3A9A —J’’J 3@H'J /@x'HA’'J ’Jx')—@ xA ë’A!—A —A 3A/U9—A—JÁ êUJ
@/A’)@xA êUJ’')@xAFJx'@’ wH@3Ux—@’ x@’ F@FJx'@’ JF êUJ @’ 1 9 â)âJF ’)'UAi
ÉWJ’ /@xMUx'UHA)’ 9)F)'J’ 2 FA)@H)A —J9J’ A9U—J A@ )x(HJ’’@ xA HJ’)—Lx/)A /@F@
UFA HUw'UHAt UF F@FJx'@ JF êUJ A FJ—)/)xA A—êU)H)U @U'HA’ —)FJx’WJ’t J ’Í@
J’’A’ x@âA’ —)FJx’WJ’ êUJ @’ /@9@/AF Ax'J A )x’U3)/)Lx/)A —J ’UA wHJwAHAÉÍ@t
êUJ ’J FAx)3J’'A /@F@ UFA ’Jx’AÉÍ@ —J ’JHJF ’UwJHA—@’ wJ9A ’)'UAÉÍ@y A’’)F @
J‘wHJ’’A O C «x@’ wH)FJ)H@’ w9Ax'WJ’t JU JHA ’UwJHA—A wJ9A ’)'UAÉÍ@y êUAx—@ â) @
wH)FJ)H@ F@H'@t FJ )FwHJ’’)@xJ)y Jt @9&A A(@HAt ’@U @U'HA wJ’’@AY
-U—J @.’JHâAHt JF '@—@’ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’t @ /&@êUJ @/A’)@xA—@ wJ9A Jx'HA—A xA
HJ’)—Lx/)A Jt /@x’JêKJx'JFJx'Jt wJ9A ’A!—A —A 3A/U9—A—J êUJt JF FA)@H @U FJx@H
(HAUt âÍ@ HJwHJ’Jx'AH J’’A 'HAx’3@HFAÉÍ@ /@F@ ëJ’'HJ’’Ax'JÁt —Jâ)—@ ü 3A9'A —; A—Ji
êUAÉÍ@ Jx'HJ A AwHJx—)õA(JF HJA9)õA—A xA 3A/U9—A—J J @ —)AiAi—)A —@ &@’w)'A9 eHJ3)H@iFJ
A J’’A 3A9'A —J A—JêUAÉÍ@ A@ —)3JHJx/)AH ëFJ—)/)xA —J 9)âH@Á J A ëFJ—)/)xA â)â)—AÁ
2’ x@âA’ J‘wJH)Lx/)A’ 3AõJF /@F êUJ ’UHMAF â!x/U9@’ Jx'HJ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’t
êUJ w@—JF A—êU)H)H UFA wHJw@x—JHXx/)A F@FJx'XxJA JF HJ9AÉÍ@ A@’ â!x/U9@’
Ax'JH)@HJ’ A@ )x(HJ’’@ xA HJ’)—Lx/)A 5 3A'@ —J â)x/U9AHi’J ü HJ’)—Lx/)A /H)A —J’—J
@ )x!/)@ UFA )—Q)A —J wJH'Jx/)FJx'@ J —J (HUw@ êUJ 3Aâ@HJ/J A /@FUx)/AÉÍ@ —J’i
’A’ x@âA’ J‘wJH)Lx/)A’

59
v’’J’ â!x/U9@’ w@—JF ’JH HJ3@HÉA—@’ wJ9@ 3A'@ —J @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ â)âJHJF
’Jx’AÉWJ’ J JF@ÉWJ’ 3@H'J’t /@F@ ’Í@ A’ —J ’J âJHJF —)Ax'J —A F@H'J —J ’JU’
wA/)Jx'J’ @U /@FUx)/AH A J9J’ êUJ ’@3HJF —J UFA Jx3JHF)—A—J )x/UH\âJ9 I ’J
HJ3JH)A A )’'@ —)õJx—@C

9Q)&]I) I áI33IU êQ%3I3 êQ) ÉQê’ & ÉQê’ êQ)&]I I 3& ?O&36%Q­IU iMMMca
IQ3 6U’3 )&3&3 QêQUU&O I )%) É&U )QUU&U O) êIUI -& Dk I­Q3 ?O& 6%­qI
O)I %­3O"%ê%’­ê%I U&­I(M f êIUI 6%­qI O) &-&)I I\O-Q -& áO()[Qa Q
á(I­6[Q ­[Q (q& -&O á&(Q6I &a á&(I )I­q[ ?OI­-Q êq&\Qa Q êIUI &36IÉI
I\Q­%úI­-Q ­I 3I(Ih I(P) -%33Qa )&O bD )& -&%0QO 3Qú%­qQa iMMMc &O Q
(&É&% áIUI O)I -%'(%3& -& &)&U\’­ê%I & &(& )QUU&O ­Q êQUU&-QUM GO Q )&6%
­I ­&"UQ(Q\%I & Q &36%É&)Q3 U&I­%)I­-Q áQU O)I qQUI iMMMc ’Í@ @’ /A—\âJi
HJ’ êUJ JF.AHA9&AF ’UA /A.JÉA J A! FU—A A ’UA ’)'UAÉÍ@t JU 3U) —)3JHJx'J
—Jw@)’ —J’’J /A’@ Ga 3& êQ)&]I I "I(IU êQ) êI-I UIáIúa 6Q-Q3 6&U[Q O)I
q%364U%I áIU&ê%-Ih 3& ­[Q I 6&É& ÉI% 6&Ua P ?O&36[Q -& 6&)áQa e(H)3@’ FJU’r

2’ ’)'UAÉWJ’ êUJ 3AõJF @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ FU—AH ’Í@ A’ êUJ wA’’AF A ’JH /@Fi
wAH')9&A—A’ x@ (HUw@ @U 'A9âJõ /@F A9(UQF /@F êUJF 'Jx&A UF —)\9@(@ FA)’ wH[‘)i
F@ 2 )—Q)A —J (HUw@ êUJ ’J wH@—Uõ A@ /@FwAH')9&AH A’ x@âA’ J‘wJH)Lx/)A’ Q 'AF.QF
J‘wHJ’’A /@F@ UF )—JA9 —J 3Ux/)@xAFJx'@ —A HJ’)—Lx/)A - t UF —@’ /&J3J’t 3Aõ)A
A9U’Í@ A J’'J )—JA9 —)õJx—@ êUJ A HJ’)—Jx/)A 9&J wH@w@H/)@x@U UF «/@FwH@F)’’@
’@/)A9Y 3@H'J J êUJ @ FU—@Ut x@ ’Jx')—@ —J /@FJÉAH A wJx’AH xÍ@ ’[ x@ êUJ 9&J
)x'JHJ’’AâAt FA’ 'AF.QF JF 9U'AH wAHA êUJ @U'H@’ ')âJ’’JF A w@’’).)9)—A—J —J 'JH A
FJ’FA 3@HFAÉÍ@ —J9J o 8@ Jx'Ax'@t ’JU HJ9A'@ wJHF)'J wJH/J.JH UFA —J’)9U’Í@ JF
HJ9AÉÍ@ ü J‘wJ/'A')âA wH@3)’’)@xA9C

, U&3%-’­ê%I á&U-&O 3OI ):36%êIa Q3 U&3%-&­6&3 ;' ­[Q 3[Q Q3 )&3)Q3


U&3%-&­6&3 ?O& qIÉ%I I­6&3M ô áQU?O& )O-I)Q3 6Q-Q3 ­I U&I(%-I-&a A
HJ’)—Lx/)A FU—@U /@F@ FU—@U A ’@/)J—A—Jt ;' ­[Q &36I)Q3 ­&) ­Q3
I­Q3 pea ­&) ­Q3 I­Q3 rea ?OI­-Q ­43 PUI)Q3 6Q-Q3 U&ÉQ(Oê%Q­'U%Q3h
qQ;& êI-I O) &36' áU&QêOáI-Q êQ) 3OI á&33QI & 3& É’ I?O% -&­6UQa
áQU?O& I?O% êI-I O) êO%-I -& 3OI U&3%-’­ê%Ia êO%-I -& 3&O áQ36QM
e(H)3@’ FJU’r

v’'J HJ9A'@ J‘wHJ’’A /9AHAFJx'J UFA 'Jx’Í@ 3Ux—AFJx'A9 xA ëHJ’)—Lx/)AÁt M\


êUJt w@H UF 9A—@t J‘)’'J @ )—JA9 —J 3Ux/)@xAH /@F@ (HUw@y w@H @U'H@t UFA 'Jx—Lxi
/)A —J /U)—AH ’[ —J ’) FJ’F@ 2 'Jx’Í@ ’J J‘wHJ’’A /9AHAFJx'J xA J’'HU'UHA —A
HJ’)—Lx/)A v9A Q &)JH\HêU)/A J ëâJH')/A9)’'AÁt 'JF UFA /9A’’)3)/AÉÍ@ xUFQH)/A JF
t m J ot êUJ xÍ@ ’[ 3Aõ A9U’Í@ ü êUAx')—A—J —J Ax@’ —J â)x/U9AÉÍ@ ü HJ’)—Lx/)At
/@F@ 'AF.QF ü’ @.H)(AÉWJ’ —J /A—A UF 4@x'U—@t @ wH@.9JFA —J A9(UF —J ’JU’
FJF.H@’ Q â)â)—@ /@F@ ’Jx—@ —J '@—@’t J A’ —J/)’WJ’ êUJ —)õJF HJ’wJ)'@ A@’

51
wA/)Jx'J’ /@F /@Fw9)/AÉWJ’ xUx/A ’Í@ '@FA—A’ w@H UFA ’[ wJ’’@A
2’’)F T t 1mt x@’ /@x'A UFA ’)'UAÉÍ@ â)â)—A /@F UFA FU9&JH êUJ J’'AâA
F@HHJx—@ J 9&J wJ—)U êUJ xÍ@ 9&J 3)õJ’’J FA)’ xA—AC

GO &36IÉI -& á(I­6[Q êQ) -Q%3 UIáIú&3 ­QÉQ3a )%­qI -&ê%3[Q &UI I
è(6%)I áQU?O& &(&3 &UI) ­QÉQ3M FOI­-Q &0áO3 I ?O&36[Q ­I U&3%-’­ê%Ia
?O& ­[Q (q& qIÉ%I "&%6Q ­I-Ia "Q % -%":ê%(h )& -%33&UI) ?O&a 3& "Q U áIUI
­[Q "Iú&U ­I-Ia 6&)Q3 ?O& ­Q3 áüU 6Q-Q3 -& IêQU-Qh ?O& &O ­[Q áQ-%I
-&ê%-%U 3Qú%­qIM

NA’t xÍ@ @.’'Ax'J J’’A ’Jx’AÉÍ@ —J /@FwAx&J)H)’F@t —J 'JH UF (HUw@ êUJ


’JFwHJ Aw[)At —J 'JH /&J3J’ êUJ —AHÍ@ J‘w9)/AÉWJ’ wJ9@ êUJ /A—A HJ’)—Jx'J 3AÉAt xA
HJ’)—Lx/)A J’'\ A )—Q)A —J êUJ Q ëâJH')/A9)’'AÁt Jt JF A9(Ux’ /A’@’t —)õJF êUJ «Q
F)9)'AHt ’Í@ FU)'@ âJH')/A9)’'A’t xÍ@ ’J wA’’A w@H /)FA —J x)x(UQF e r )’’@ 9JâA A
êUJ @’ —@ wH)FJ)H@ Ax@ J’'JMAF@’ FA)’ Ux)—@’ Jx'HJ x[’y @’ —J ’J(Ux—@ Jx'HJ J9J’y
J @’ —J 'JH/J)H@ Jx'HJ J9J’y FA’ x@’ —AF@’ .JF Y
5 ëâJH')/A9)’F@Á J’'\ /9AHAFJx'J FAH/A—@ xA 3@HFA /@F@ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ ’J
’Jx'AF xA’ ëwA’’A(Jx’ —J ’A9AÁ —A A')â)—A—J —A 'AH—J 2 ’A9A —J AU9A 'JF 3@HFA'@ —J
UF Ax3)'JA'H@t /@F @’ .Ax/@’ JF â\H)@’ —J(HAU’y xA 3HJx'J wAHA UF —@’ 9A—@’t &\
UF 9J)'@y Jt x@ /Jx'H@t J’'\ @ wè9w)'@ êUJ Q U’A—@ w@H êUJF âA) —AH A AU9A 5’ 1 9t
@/UwAF @’ .Ax/@’ —J .A)‘@t J ü FJ—)—A êUJ ’J A—êU)HJ 'JFw@ —J ’JHâ)É@ âÍ@ ’U.)xi
—@t HAõÍ@ wJ9A êUA9 @’ 1m J 1o ’Jx'AFi’J x@’ .Ax/@’ ’UwJH)@HJ’ 4A.J A@ /&J3Jt
’Jx'AHi’J x@ 9J)'@ —A 3HJx'J 8@ F@FJx'@ JF êUJ HJA9)õAâA @ 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@t
/@FwH@â@Ui’J /@F@ @’ 1o êUJ wA’’AHAF A ’JH /&J3J’t A@ 3)xA9 —@ âJHÍ@t FU—AHAF
—@ .Ax/@ —J /)FA wAHA @ 9J)'@ —A 3HJx'J
2wJ’AH —J’’J FAH/A—@ ëâJH')/A9)’F@Á J —J A9(UFA’ A’’@/)AÉWJ’ /@F HJ()i
FJ’ F)9)'AHJ’t '@—@’ /@x’)—JHAF xJ/J’’\H)A A wHJ’JxÉA —J UFA ëAU'@H)—A—JÁ êUJ @’
3AÉA /UFwH)H A’ @.H)(AÉWJ’t w@)’t wJ9@ /Ax’AÉ@ êUJ @/A’)@xA @ H)'F@ —A HJ’)—Lxi
/)At A’ A')â)—A—J’ xÍ@ ’JH)AF —J’Jxâ@9â)—A’ ’JF 'A9 /@x'H@9J T J‘w9)/A @ ’)’'JFA
—J HJ’w@x’A.)9)—A—J’ —A ’J(U)x'J 3@HFAC

f -& 6&Uê&%UQ I­Q &­3%­I IQ -& áU%)&%UQa Q -& 3&\O­-Q &36' -I­-Q
ÉQ(6I3 & Q êq&"& 6&) ?O& )I­6&U I &36UO6OUIM FOI­-Q Q -& áU%)&%UQ I­Q
;' IáU&­-&Oa áI33I I 3&U -& 3&\O­-Qa & Q ?O& &36IÉI ­Q 3&\O­-Q áI33I
I 3&U -Q 6&Uê&%UQh 3& %33Q ­[Q 3& )I­6P)a IU)I 3& O)I êQ­"O3[Q 6&UU:É&(h
áQU %33Q @ âJH')/A9)’F@ 'JF êUJ J‘)’')Ht ?OI­-Q ÉQê’ &36' &) áU%)&%UQ
3&­6& )I%3 %33Q áQU?O& 6&) )&­Q3 -%U&%6Q3 -Q ?O& Q3 QO6UQ3M ç& ÉQê&
&36' ­Q 3&\O­-Q & "Iú I(\Q UO%)a êQ)&6&O O) &?O:ÉQêQh )I3a 3& &36' ­Q
áU%)&%UQa )I6I) ÉQê’M e(H)3@’ FJU’r

52
v’’A AU'@H)—A—J J’'\ HJwHJ’Jx'A—A xA 3)(UHA —@’ /&J3J’ J ’JU A'H).U'@ wH)xi
/)wA9 Q 'JH ëAU'@H)—A—J F@HA9Áy )’’@ êUJH —)õJH êUJ @’ /&J3J’ 'LF —J —AH @ J‘JFw9@t
êUJ xÍ@ w@—JF J‘)()H @ /UFwH)FJx'@ —A’ wAU'A’ ’J J9J’ FJ’F@’ xÍ@ A’ /UFwH)i
HJF 5U'H@ A'H).U'@ Q ’JH ë/@JHJx'JÁt â)’'@ êUJt ’J xÍ@ A'UAF /@F /@JHLx/)A x@’
—)3JHJx'J’ /A’@’t w@—JF (JHAH —)â)’WJ’ J /@x39)'@’
v‘)’'J UF FkFJx'@ —@ Ax@ JF êUJ A w@’’).)9)—A—J —J A'H)'@’ J /@x39)'@’ Q
FA)’ /@x/HJ'Ay J’'J wJH!@—@ @/@HHJ êUAx—@ @’ x@â@’ /&J3J’ A’’UFJF A 3UxÉÍ@ x@
wH)FJ)H@ ’JFJ’'HJ G)’'@ êUJ A)x—A xÍ@ Jx'HAHAF @’ x@â@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’t J @’ 1 9t êUJ
M\ J’'Í@ 'JHF)xAx—@ @ wH)FJ)H@ Ax@t xÍ@ @’ âLJFt A)x—At /@F@ /&J3J’t FA’ ’)F
/@F@ 1o -H@—Uõi’Jt Jx'Í@t UFA ë/H)’J —J w@—JHÁt /UMA /AU’A ’JH)A A xÍ@ A/J)'Ai
ÉÍ@ —A’ FU—AxÉA’ HJ9A')âA’ ü w@’)ÉÍ@ —J A9(Ux’ HJ’)—Jx'J’
v’’A ’)'UAÉÍ@ w@—J ’JH @.’JHâA—A JF â)H'U—J —@ A'HA’@t JF A9(Ux’ FJ’J’t
—@ )x(HJ’’@ —@’ x@â@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’t A'HA’@ J’’J êUJ /H)@U UFA —J3A’A(JF Jx'HJ A
Jx'HA—A —@’ x@â@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ J A 'H@/A —J /&J3)Ay J’'A.J9J/JUi’Jt Jx'Í@t UF ëwJH!@—@
—J 'HAx’)ÉÍ@Át x@ êUA9 xÍ@ 3)/A /9AH@ A êUJ /A'J(@H)A’ wJH'Jx/JF @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’t M\
êUJ @’ /&J3J’ Ax'JH)@HJ’ xÍ@ J’'Í@ FA)’ eF@')â@ wJ9@ êUA9 @’ 1o 'LF êUJ wA’’AH A
’JH /&J3J’ry 3)/Ax—@ ’@FJx'J —@)’ 1o e@’ êUJ xÍ@ 3@HAF J’/@9&)—@’ wAHA /&J3J’r
6J @’ 1m wA’’AF A ’JH 1ot @’ 1 9 'LF —J wA’’AH A ’JH 1my FA’ @ wH@.9JFA ’UH(J
w@HêUJ @’ 1 9 HJ/QFiA—F)')—@’ A)x—A xÍ@ )x(HJ’’AHAF v’’A xÍ@ Q UFA êUJ’'Í@ ’[
—J x@FJ’t FA’ ’)F —J 36I6O3la Jt /@F @ 36I6O3a A’ 3UxÉWJ’ FU—AFy A’’)F @ J‘wHJ’i
’A BA t UF 1mC

C' O)I )O-I­]I NUO3êI IQ áI33IU -& b ( áIUI boa ­[Q P \UI-OI(h
-%)%­O&) )O%6Q I3 &0%\’­ê%I3M , á&33QI áI33I I 3&U )I%3 %)áQU6I­6& &
%33Q QêQUU& -& O) -%I áIUI Q QO6UQa ­Q -%I De -& )I%Q ÉQê’ P b(a & ­Q
-%I à -& ;O­qQ P bo êQ) 6O-Q Q ?O& %)á(%êI 3&U bo iMMMcM , 6IU-&a êQ)Q
­[Q 6&) )I%3 &0%\’­ê%I3a ÉQê’ &36' )I%3 (%N&UI-Qa 6&) )I%3 3&\OUI­]Ia
&36' )&­Q3 &36U&33I-Q áQU?O& ­[Q (q& á&U\O­6I)a &­6[Qa áQ-& &36O-IU
?OI(?O&U I33O­6Qa ­[Q Q ?O& P áIUI I IO(I 3&\O%­6& &a "O­-I)&­6I(
)&­6&a êQ)&]I I "Iú&U á(I­6■&3 ­Q ê&­6UI(M

1J/Aw)'U9Ax—@t Jx'Í@t @ 3A'@ —J ’JHJF HJ’)—Jx'J’ xA wH@â!x/)A —J 0UJx@’


2)HJ’t JF &@’w)'A)’ wè.9)/@’t )Fw9)/A êUJ ’@3HAF )Fw@H'Ax'J’ FU—AxÉA’ xA’ H@')i
xA’ —)\H)A’t êUJ A’’UFAF UF /@FwH@F)’’@ —J 'HL’ Ax@’ —J 'HA.A9&@t —J 'JHJF UF
’A9\H)@ eêUJ Q UFA .@9’A —J J’'U—@’r êUJ xÍ@ Q ’U3)/)Jx'J wAHA â)âJH i F@')â@ wJ9@
êUA9 'LF —J â)âJH /@F A’ 3AF!9)A’ @U ’JH AMU—A—@’ w@H J9A’ om vF /@x'HA’'J /@F
J’’A’ /AHA/'JH!’')/A’ —A J’/@9&A —J 3AõJH UFA HJ’)—Lx/)At J’'\ wHJ’Jx'J A )—Q)A —J
êUJ ’J 3)õJ’’JF w9Ax'WJ’ @U UF /UH’@ —J J’wJ/)A9)’'A’ 'JH)AF FJ9&@H HJFUxJHAÉÍ@
J UF '!'U9@ —J J’wJ/)A9)’'A

53
v’'A ’)'UAÉÍ@ 9JâAx'A UFA êUJ’'Í@C w@H êUJ 3AõJH UFA ëHJ’)—Lx/)AÁ JF UF
&@’w)'A9 wè.9)/@h 2wJ’AH —A’ —)âJH’A’ HJ’w@’'A’t '@—@’ /@x/@H—AF êUJ Q A èx)/A
w@’’).)9)—A—J ’QH)A —J 3@HFAÉÍ@y w@)’t êUAx—@ UF FQ—)/@ ’A) —A 3A/U9—A—J xÍ@ J’'\
wHJwAHA—@ wAHA /@FJÉAH A 'HA.A9&AH 6J J9J xÍ@ 'JF @ /@x'A'@ /@F A9(UFA /9!x)/A
wAH')/U9AHt JF êUJ w@’’A /@FJÉAH A AwHJx—JHt A’ HJ’)—Lx/)A’ ’Í@t w@H'Ax'@t @ FJ9&@H
/AF)x&@ 5 êUJ A ëHJ’)—Lx/)AÁ w@—J @3JHJ/JH Q A wH\')/At A J‘wJH)Lx/)A /@F @ wA/)i
Jx'Jy J’’A J‘wJH)Lx/)A xÍ@ ’J w@—J A—êU)H)H x@’ w9Ax'WJ’ —UHAx'J A (HA—UAÉÍ@t w@Hi
êUJ xJ9J’ xÍ@ ’J w@—J 3AõJH UF ëA/@FwAx&AFJx'@ —@ wA/)Jx'JÁ 5 êUJ ’J .U’/A xA
ëHJ’)—Lx/)AÁ Q A 3@HFAÉÍ@ —J /H)'QH)@’ —J 'HA.A9&@y A’’)F @ J‘wHJ’’A 7 t UF 19C

ô O)I êQ%3I ­&ê&33'U%IM GO U&ê&N% Q -%á(Q)I ­Q I­Q áI33I-Q & "%ú @U'HA
FJ—)/)xAt 6UINI(q&% &) á%3ê%­I3 -& ­I6I][Qa &) ê(:­%êI3h P O)I )&-%ê%
­I Q­-& ÉQê’ P IO6Q-%-I6I iMMMcM RQê’ 3& (%)%6I I 6&U -&ú -%I\­436%êQ3 &)
)&­6&a 3& ­[Q P %36Q P I?O%(Q QO6UQa )I3 ­&ê&33%6I ?O& I(\OP) êQUU%;I
ÉQê’a 3& &36' N&) QO )I(a ­&ê&33%6I -& O) \O%I áIUI êQ­36UO%U áIUI 3%
O) êU%6PU%Qh Q ?O& &O ­[Q 6%­qI &UI êU%6PU%Q3M FOI­-Q "Iú%I á(I­6■&3 )&
-IÉI êQ­6I -& ?O& qIÉ%I O)I -%"&U&­]I &­6U& Q3 ?O& qIÉ%I) "&%6Q I 3OIa
?O& 3& qIÉ%I) "QU)I-Q (&­-Q 3Qú%­qQ3a & I?O&(&3 ?O& qIÉ%I) "&%6Q O)I
U&3%-’­ê%Ih ­[Q ?O&U -%ú&U ?O& ­[Q 3& &?O%ÉQ?O&)a )I3 3%) ?O& 3IN%I)
6UINI(qIU )I%3 êU%6&U%Q3I)&­6&a e(H)3@’ FJU’r

2wJ’AH —)’’@t Jx/@x'HJ) ’)'UAÉWJ’ JF êUJ M@âJx’ HJ/QFi(HA—UA—@’ xÍ@ J’/@i


9&JHAF Jx'HAH wAHA UFA ëHJ’)—Lx/)AÁ v’’J Q @ /A’@ —J 2 v9A ’J JxêUA—HA xA /A'J(@i
H)A —J ëwAHAiHJ’)—Jx'JÁt HAõÍ@ wJ9A êUA9 xÍ@ 'JF @’ .JxJ3!/)@’ —J ’JU’ /@FwAx&J)H@’y
FA’t w@H 'JH Jx'HA—@ x@ ëH)'F@ —A HJ’)—Lx/)AÁ 'JF A’ FJ’FA’ @.H)(AÉWJ’
2 FÍJ —J 2 Q FQ—)/A J 'HA.A9&@U x@ wAâ)9&Í@ x@â@ Ax@’ A'H\’ -J9@ 3A'@ —J
’UA FÍJ /@x&J/JH @ /&J3J —@ ’JHâ)É@ J A FQ—)/A /&J3J —A ’A9A ü êUA9 2 /@FJÉ@U
A /@FwAHJ/JHt wJHF)')HAFi9&J )x)/)AH A’ â)’)'A’ 5 wH@.9JFA ’UH()U êUAx—@ 2 wJHi
/J.JU êUJt /@F@ ëâ)’)'Ax'JÁt xÍ@ ')x&A 'AHJ3A’t —J F@—@ êUJ ’@FJx'J A/@FwAx&Ai
âA A’ â)’)'A’ —J ’A9A ’JF 'JH wA/)Jx'J’ A ’JU /AH(@ OJw@)’ —J /@x’'A'AH )’'@t
/@x’U9'@U @’ /&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’ wAHA ’A.JH —A w@’’).)9)—A—J —J Jx'HAH /@F@
ëwAHAiHJ’)—Jx'JÁ 2 xÍ@ êU)’ Jx'HAH wAHA ëHJ’)—Lx/)AÁ w@HêUJt wAHA J9At «@ HJ()FJ
—J HJ’)—Lx/)A’ ’JFwHJ 3@) —J 9@U/@’y Jx'Í@ FJ @/@HH)A êUJ xÍ@ )A w@—JH 3AõLi9@y A!
JU FJ —)’’Jt 3AÉ@ UFA ë/@x/@HHLx/)AÁ êUJ â@U J’'AH FA)’ 'HAxêK)9AY
vF UF wH)FJ)H@ F@FJx'@t Aw[’ A /@x’U9'At @’ /&J3J’ xJ(AHAFi9&J @ wJ—)—@
wAHA 'HA.A9&AH /@F@ ëwAHAiHJ’)—Jx'JÁ NA’t —Jw@)’t A@ âJH êUJ @ xèFJH@ —J HJ’)—Jxi
'J’ JHA FJx@H —@ êUJ @ xJ/J’’\H)@t 9&J wJHF)')HAF Jx'HAH 2 xJ(A')âA —@’ /&J3J’ ’J
.A’J@U JF êUJt wAHA @ ’)’'JFA —J HJ’)—Lx/)A’t A wJ’’@A Q è')9 ü FJ—)—A êUJ w@—J
Jx’)xAH x@’ è9')F@’ Ax@’ —A HJ’)—Lx/)A 2’’)Ft A ë—!â)—AÁ êUJ UF ëHJ’)—Jx'JÁ /@x'HA)

55
xÍ@ Q /@F @’ êUJ @’ 9&J Jx’)xAHAFt FA’ ’)F /@F @’ êUJ âLF —Jw@)’ —J9Jt A êUJF
J9J âA) Jx’)xAH -@H )’’@ Q êUJ I t UF —@’ ë/&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’Át —)’’JC

VI U&3%-’­ê%Ij P O) 3%36&)I ?O& 3& U&ê%ê(Ih -&"%­%6%ÉI)&­6& Q3 ?O& )&


"QU)IUI) "QUI) Q3 ?O& &36IÉI) I­6&3h &O ­[Q áQ33Q -&ÉQ(É&U ­I-I I
&33I3 á&33QI3a )I3 6%É& I áQ33%N%(%-I-& ?OI­-Q "O% U&3%-&­6& -& 6&Uê&%UQ
I­Q -& -&ÉQ(É&U IQ3 ?O& É%&UI) -&áQ%3h &­6[Q ÉQê’ -&ÉQ(É& 3& á&U)I­&
ê& ­I U&3%-’­ê%IM jF wAHAiHJ’)—Jx'Jt @U AêUJ9J êUJ ’[ wA’’A UF Ax@ xA
HJ’)—Lx/)At @ êUJ 9&J —Jâ@9âJh LQU?O&a ?OI­-Q &(& ÉI% "Iú&U O)I áO­][Qa
&O ­[Q -%\Q IQ -& ê(:­%êI ?O& I "I]IMMM Q 3%36&)I P %­;O36Qa Q áIUI U&3%-&­
6& P è6%( 3& -&ÉQ(É& ?OI­-Q &36' ­Q 3&\O­-Q I­QM e(H)3@’ FJU’r

5 HJ9A'@ —J I 9JâAx'A A êUJ’'Í@ —J /@F@ A ëHJ’)—Lx/)AÁ /@F@ )x’')'U)ÉÍ@


J’'\ ü 3HJx'J —@’ )x—)â!—U@’ êUJ A 3@HFAFt AwJ’AH —J êUJ A’ /AHA/'JH!’')/A’ êUJ
'@FA —JwJx—AFt JF wAH'Jt —A’ /AHA/'JH!’')/A’ —@’ )x—)â!—U@’
v’'A ë—!â)—AÁ êUJ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ /@x'HAJF /@F @ ’)’'JFA —J HJ’)—Lx/)A’t wJHi
’@x)3)/A—@ x@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ êUJ Ax'JH)@HFJx'J wA’’AHAF w@H J9Jt wJHF)'J )x'H@—Uõ)H A
'JF\')/A —A —\—)âA J —A /@x'HA—\—)âAt —@ 3A'@ ’@/)A9 '@'A9 êUJ )Fw9)/A A HJ9AÉÍ@ —J
)x'JH/XF.)@ êUJ ’J J’'A.J9J/J Jx'HJ @’ )x—)â!—U@’ oo BA9@ —J )x'JH/XF.)@ Jx'HJ @’
)x—)â!—U@’t AwJ’AH —J NAU’’ e cpcr J‘wHJ’’AH /9AHAFJx'J êUJ @ )x'JH/XF.)@ Q Jx'HJ
/@9J')â)—A—J’t w@HêUJt xJ’'J /A’@t @’ êUJ ’J @.H)(AF J /@x'H@9AF ’Í@ @’ )x—)â!—U@’t
J A /@FUx)—A—J )x'JHJ’’A—A xJ’’J )x'JH/XF.)@ —J wHJ’'AÉWJ’ '@'A)’ ’JH)A @ wAâ)9&Í@
x@â@y JF @U'H@ x!âJ9t @ )x'JH/XF.)@ ’J J’'A.J9J/J Jx'HJ A’ —)’')x'A’ HJ’)—Lx/)A’ —@
&@’w)'A9 5 HJ9A'@ —J I HJ’’A9'A A )Fw@H'Xx/)A —A ë/@x'HA—\—)âAÁ xA ’U’'Jx'AÉÍ@ —A
HJ9AÉÍ@ ’@/)A9 êUJ )Fw9)/A A â)x/U9AÉÍ@ A UFA ë/@FUx)—A—JÁ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’y A —\—)âA
)x)/)A9 /@x/J—)—A wJ9@ ’)’'JFA Q @ x@FJ e«’JH HJ’)—Jx'J —@ wAâ)9&Í@ x@â@Yr êUJ
FAH/A A /A'J(@H)A —J â)x/U9AÉÍ@ A@ (HUw@ J êUJ (JHA A w@’’).)9)—A—J —J UFA ’J(Ux—A
—\—)âAC A AwHJx—)õA(JF —A wH\')/A FQ—)/A
5 ’)’'JFA —J HJ’)—Lx/)A’t /@F@ )x’')'U)ÉÍ@ —J 3@HFAÉÍ@t J’'\ )x/@Hw@HA—@
JF @U'HA )x’')'U)ÉÍ@ FA)@HC @ ë&@’w)'A9Á 8J’’J /@x'J‘'@t @ HJ’)—Jx'J /@FJÉA A
ë—Jâ@9âJHÁt A wA(AH ’UA —!â)—At x@ F@FJx'@ —A A—F)’’Í@t FJ—)Ax'J @ 'HA.A9&@
/@')—)Ax@ NA’t wAHA I t HJwHJ’Jx'Ax'J —@ ’)’'JFA —J HJ’)—Lx/)A’t A /@x'HA—\—)âA
J’’Jx/)A9 xÍ@ Q 'HA.A9&AHt FA’ ’)F Jx’)xAHt w@HêUJ J’’A Q A /@x'HA—\—)âA êUJ ’U’i
'Jx'A @ ’)’'JFAy )’’@ J‘w9)/A A wJH(Ux'A —J I C «UF ëwAHAiHJ’)—Jx'JÁ @U AêUJ9J êUJ
’[ wA’’A UF Ax@ xA HJ’)—Lx/)AÁt @ êUJ 9&J —Jâ@9âJhY
8@ Jx'Ax'@t xJ’’J M@(@ —J —\—)âA J /@x'HA—\—)âAt 'JF —J &AâJH UF )x'JHâA9@
—J 'JFw@ êUJ )x'H@—Uõ A’ J’'HA'Q()A’ )x—)â)—UA)’ J /@F J9\’ A )x/JH'JõA A HJ’wJ)'@
—A’ )x'JxÉWJ’ )x—)â)—UA)’t A’ êUA)’ w@—JF )x/9U)H A xÍ@ —Jâ@9UÉÍ@ J @ /@H'J —A’
wHJ’'AÉWJ’ J /@x'HAwHJ’'AÉWJ’ og

56
v’’J M@(@ —J —AHt HJ/J.JH J —Jâ@9âJH i J’'A è9')FA @.H)(AÉÍ@ ’JFwHJ ’)9Jxi
/)A—A i 'JF J3J)'@’ ’@.HJ A’ HJ9AÉWJ’ êUJ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ FAx'LF Jx'HJ ’)t /@F @’
êUJ ’[ wA’’AF UF Ax@ xA HJ’)—Lx/)AÁ êUJ xÍ@ —Jâ@9âJF i FA’ êUJ ’Í@ UF ë@U'H@Á
xÍ@ 'Í@ —)’'Ax'J ew@HêUJ ’Í@ HJ’)—Jx'J’r i J /@F @’ ëxÍ@iHJ’)—Jx'J’Á i êUJ ’Í@ @’
ë@U'H@’Á —)’'Ax'J’ êUJ xÍ@ —Jâ@9âJF
-AHA )9U’'HAH A AH(UFJx'AÉÍ@ Ax'JH)@Ht w@—Ji’J â@9'AH ü 'HAMJ'[H)A —J 2 y J9A
wH@â@U êUJ wk—J 3AõJH UFA HJ’)—Lx/)Ay M\ êUJ wAH')/)w@U —J’'J HJ()FJ Jt A)x—At
HJA9)õ@U ëw9Ax'WJ’Á 3@HA wAHA ’J FAx'JH PA9 ’)'UAÉÍ@ 3Jõ ’Jx')Hi’J —J’A(HJ(A—A w@H
'HA.A9&AH JF —@)’ 9U(AHJ’ A@ FJ’F@ 'JFw@C

LQU?O& &36QO ­I ê(:­%êI á&­3I­-Q &) )&O3 áIê%&­6&3 -I?O%a áQU?O& ­I


ê(:­%êI ÉQê’ ­[Q 6&) áIê%&­6&3 6&O3a %33Q %)á(%êI )I%3 3IêU%":ê%Q3 & I(P)
-%33Q I?O% I êq&"%I ­[Q U&êQ­q&ê&a w@HêUJ â@/L Q —@’ @U'H@’ iMMMc áQU
?O& ÉQê’ ­[Q P -Q w9Ax'J) —A HJ’)—Lx/)At e(H)3@’ FJU’r

5 êUJ 2 J‘wWJ JF ’JU HJ9A'@ Q @ ’Jx')FJx'@ —J ’J ’Jx')H —)3JHJx'J wJ9@ 3A'@


—J ’JH UFA ëwAHAiHJ’)—Jx'JÁ J xÍ@ UFA HJ’)—Jx'Jy ’UA /A'J(@H)A ’JHâJ wAHA MU’')3)i
/AH ’JU’ JHH@’t A’ FJ’FA’ 3A9&A’ êUJ JF @U'H@’ ’J J‘w9)/AF w@H )xJ‘wJH)Lx/)A @U
w@H 3A9'A —J 'JFw@ 8J’'J ’Jx')—@t A /A'J(@H)A ’J 'HAx’3@HFA JF UFA ë/A'J(@H)A
A/U’A'[H)AÁ i «xJx&UF wAHAiHJ’)—Jx'J ’JHâJYt J’/U'@U UF —)A
2 —)3JHJxÉA )—Jx')3)/A—A JF 2 Q J’'A.J9J/)—A Jx'HJ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á J ëwAHAi
HJ’)—Jx'J’Át Jx'HJ @’ êUJ 'LF A @.H)(AÉÍ@ J @’ êUJ xÍ@ A 'LF vF.@HA 'HA.A9&A’’J
/@F A &)w['J’J —J êUJ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ w@—)AF ’JH /@x’)—JHA—@’ UFA ëJ9)'JÁ i â)’'@
êUJ Jx'HAF @’ êUJ 'LF A’ FJ9&@HJ’ FQ—)A’t J A (HAx—J êUAx')—A—J êUJ 3)/A 3@HA —@
’)’'JFA FJ wJHF)')A 3@HFU9AH 'A9 &)w['J’J i xÍ@ J’wJHAâA Jx/@x'HAH J’’A —)3JHJxÉA
Jx'HJ A’ —)’')x'A’ /A'J(@H)A’ v’’A —)’')xÉÍ@ Jx'HJ /A'J(@H)A’ @/A’)@x@U UFA
/@FwAH')FJx'A9)õAÉÍ@ Jx'HJ @’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Át êUJt w@H ’UA âJõt ’J 3J/&AF A@ HJ—@H
—J ’UA /A'J(@H)At /@x’)—JHAx—@ êUJ ’Í@ J9J’ @’ êUJ FJ9&@H ’A.JF 3AõJH A’ /@)’A’
T ’J HJ3JHJ A )’’@ —A ’J(U)x'J 3@HFAC

,?O% -%ú&) I ÉQê’ ?O& áQ-& U&3Q(É&U I3 êQ%3I3 )&(qQU -Q ?O& Q3 QO6UQ3a
?O& ­Q3 -&)I%3 3&UÉ%]Q3 ­[Q 3IN&) "Iú&U I3 êQ%3I3a ?O& 3[Q O­3 NINIêI3
iMMMc GO 3&)áU& NU%\Q áQU %33Qa áQU?O& O) êIUI ?O& Q I­Q áI33I-Q &36&É&
UQ-I­-Q I?O%a &) O) I­Q ­[Q áQ-& 6&U 3& 6UI­3"QU)I-Q &) O) NINIêI
áQU &36IU &) QO6UQ 3&UÉ%]Qa iMMMc )I3 P êQ)Q ?O& WQ(qI 34 Q ?O& "&ú
"O(I­Qa ­43 Q 6&U:I)Q3 "&%6Q -& QO6UI "QU)I Æa P )&%Q 3ON(%)%­I(a )I3
-I?O% I áQOêQ ÉQê’ IêqI ?O& P Q )&(qQUM

2 )—Q)A —A J9)'J HJA3)HFA @ êUJ FJ —)õ)AF @’ FQ—)/@’ /)'A—@’ x@ )x!/)@ —J’'J


/Aw!'U9@t A/JH/A —J /@F@ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ J’'A.J9J/JHAF UF ë3JU—@Á @Ut JF @U'HA’

5
wA9AâHA’t /@F@ wH@—Uõ)HAF —)3JHJxÉA’ êUJ 3@HAF —J'JHF)xAx'J’ wAHA A —)’')xÉÍ@
Jx'HJ A’ /A'J(@H)A’ —)3JHJx/)A—A’ —J ëFQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J)Á J ëFQ—)/@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’Á of
5 )x(HJ’’@ ü ëHJ’)—Lx/)AÁ FAH/AH)A UF F@FJx'@ JF êUJ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’
â)âJx/)AF x@âA’ J‘wJH)Lx/)A’ J JF êUJ A FJ—)/)xA A—êU)HJ wAHA J9J’ x@âA’ —)FJxi
’WJ’ v’’A FU—AxÉAt x@ Jx'Ax'@t xÍ@ ’)(x)3)/A @ )x(HJ’’@ x@ ë/@FwJ')')â@Á FUx—@
—A FJ—)/)xA wH)âA—At FA’ ’)F @ )x(HJ’’@ JF UF ëFUx—@ —J 'HAx’)ÉÍ@Á -AHA
/AHA/'JH)õ\i9@t @’ /&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’ U')9)õAF A J‘wHJ’’Í@ ëA—@9J’/Lx/)A —A FJi
—)/)xA t J‘wHJ’’Í@ êUJ Q —A—A w@H UFA A’’@/)AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ A’ J'AwA’ —A â)—A J A
/AHHJ)HA FQ—)/A 2 HJ9AÉÍ@ w@—J '@FAH —@)’ ’Jx')—@’y @ wH)FJ)H@ ’JH)A êUJ A A—@9J’i
/Lx/)A A.HAx(JH)A ’@FJx'J UFA —A’ J'AwA’ —A HJ’)—Lx/)Ay J @ ’J(Ux—@ êUJ '@—@ @
wJH!@—@ —A ëHJ’)—Lx/)AÁ /@HHJ’w@x—JH)A ü ëA—@9J’/Lx/)A —A FJ—)/)xAÁ
8@ wH)FJ)H@ ’Jx')—@t A A—@9J’/Lx/)A A.HAx(JH)A @ wJH!@—@ )x'JHFJ—)\H)@ —A
HJ’)—Lx/)A 2 3A’J )x)/)A9 ’JH)A AêUJ9A /&AFA—A —J ë)x3Xx/)AÁt wJH!@—@ JF êUJ Q
(HAx—J A /@x3)AxÉA x@’ wH@3J’’@HJ’ J x@’ ëFQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J)Áy JF ’J(U)—At &AâJi
H)A @ wJH!@—@ —A A—@9J’/Lx/)A t FAH/A—@ wJ9A HJ.J9—)At wJ9A /@x3)AxÉA JF ’) FJ’i
F@ J JF ’JU’ wAHJ’y J w@H è9')F@t UF wJH!@—@ —J ëFA'UH)—A—JÁt êUJ ’J /AHA/'JH)i
õAH)A w@H UFA /@x’/)Lx/)A FA)@H —A’ HJ’w@x’A.)9)—A—J’t w@H &AâJH —J)‘A—@ wAHA
'H\’ @ F@FJx'@ —A 3A’/)xAÉÍ@ J w@H UFA HJ/@x’)—JHAÉÍ@ —A HJ9AÉÍ@ /@F @’ FQ—)i
/@’ FA)’ J‘wJH)Jx'J’
8@ ’J(Ux—@ ’Jx')—@t A HJ9AÉÍ@ ’J 3Aõ /@F A '@'A9)—A—J —A â)—A wH@3)’’)@xA9
—J UF FQ—)/@t @ êUJ wWJ JF HJ9AÉÍ@ Q J’’J ëFUx—@ —J 'HAx’)ÉÍ@Át êUJ —Jx@F)xAi
HJ) @ ë—Jx'H@Át /@F @ ëFUx—@ —A HUAÁt @U ë—J 3@HAÁ
v’’J ëFUx—@ —J 'HAx’)ÉÍ@Á i @U ëFUx—@ —@ &@’w)'A9Át @U —A ëHJ’)—Lx/)AÁ ’J
/AHA/'JH)õAH)A /@F@ UF 9U(AH @x—J ’J w@—J /@x'AH /@F UF (HUw@ êUJ A/@FwAx&A
J —\ HJ’wA9—@ A@ HJ’)—Jx'Jy JF êUJ ’J â)âJx/)AF J‘wJH)Lx/)A’ ’)F)9AHJ’t @x—J A
HJ’w@x’A.)9)—A—J xUx/A Q '@'A9FJx'J —J UF ’[ J ’JFwHJ &AâJH\ A9(UQF /@F êUJF
AwHJx—JH 8A’ wA9AâHA’ —J I C «â@/L J’'\ xUFA /A)‘A —J /H)’'A9t xUx/A A ë/A(A—AÁ
Q '@—A ’UA Jt ’J Q '@—A ’UAt âA) 'JH êUJF @ wH@'JMAt —@ /&J3J —J HJ’)—Jx'J’ A'Q @
/&J3J —@ ’JHâ)É@ 5 ëFUx—@ —A HUAÁ Q @ FUx—@ —A /@FwJ')ÉÍ@t —@ )x—)â)—UA9)’i
F@ êUJ ’J HJ9A/)@xA /@F A )x’J(UHAxÉA —A’ w@’’).)9)—A—J’ —J 'HA.A9&@ J /@F A
wJH—A —@ 36I6O3 (Ax&@ xA ëHJ’)—Lx/)AÁ 8A’ wA9AâHA’ —J I C

çIN& Q ?O& IêQ­6&ê&H FO& ÉQê’ 6&) O)I êQ­"%I­]I ê&\I &) ÉQê’ )&3
)Qa O)I 3&­3I][Q -& 3Oá&UáQ-&U&3h ÉQê’ á&­3I Q 3&\O%­6&d O) bD ­[Q
P ­%­\OP)a O) êq&"& ­[Q P ­%­\OP)a 3& -%á(Q)IUI) "Iú 6U’3 QO ?OI6UQ
I­Q3 & I?O% ­%­\OP) 6QêI 3&O êOM G3á&UI O­3 )&3&3a ?OI­-Q 3I% áIUI I
UOIa êUAx—@ âAF@’ wAHA 3@HAt O) %-%Q6I áQU 6&(&"Q­& -&ê%-& I %­6&U­I][Q
-& O) áIê%&­6& ?O& ÉQê’ &36' É&­-Q "Iú O)I qQUI & ÉQê’ Q (&ÉI IQ

50
qQ3á%6I( ;O36%"%êI­-Q êQ) Q3 IU\O)&­6Q3 ?O& Q êIUI (q& -&O áQU 6&(&"Q
­& 1&)a I U&I(%-I-& P I33%)a e(H)3@’ FJU’r

2 wA’’A(JF wAHA @ ëFUx—@ —A HUAÁt Q â)â)—A /@F@ UFA ë/H)’JÁt /@F@ UFA
)x’J(UHAxÉA —)Ax'J —A FU—AxÉA 1J9A/)@xA—A A J’’A )x’J(UHAxÉA w@—J J’'AH A @H)i
(JF —@ AH(UFJx'@ —J êUJ A ëFJ—)/)xA /9!x)/AÁ Q UFA J’wJ/)A9)—A—J ë)xA.HAx(!âJ9Át
@ êUJ )FwJ—)H)A A@ 3U'UH@ FQ—)/@ A9/AxÉAH @ H)'F@ —A’ —J’/@.JH'A’ x@ /AFw@t
9JâAx—@i@’t A’’)Ft A UFA ’Jx’AÉÍ@ —J ë—J’A'UA9)õAÉÍ@Á wH@(HJ’’)âA v’'AH)A A’’@i
/)A—A A J’'A )—Q)A UF —)’/UH’@ A.’@Hâ)—@ —J’—J @’ Ax@’ —J 3A/U9—A—Jt x@ êUA9 ’J
’UwJHâA9@H)õA A 3)(UHA —@ ’UwJHJ’wJ/)A9)’'A êUJ 'HA.A9&A H@—JA—@ —J 'J/x@9@()A
PU—@ @ êUJ 3@) —)'@ Ax'JH)@HFJx'J /@x—Uõ A UFA —J’âA9@H)õAÉÍ@ —A 49!x)/A
NQ—)/A /@F@ J’wJ/)A9)—A—Jt HAõÍ@ wJ9A êUA9t FU)'@’ —@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ @w'AF w@H 3AõJH
UFA ’J(Ux—A J’wJ/)A9)—A—J 2 AH(UFJx'AÉÍ@ —@ ë)xA.HAx(!âJ9Á —A 49!x)/A NQ—)/A J A
—J’A'UA9)õAÉÍ@ êUJ A Jxâ@9âJH)A xÍ@ w@—JH)AF /@x’')'U)H UFA J9A.@HAÉÍ@ ’J/Ux—\H)A
êUJ A—)AH)A F@FJx'AxJAFJx'J A /H)’J êUJ )Fw9)/A A ’A!—A —A HJ’)—Lx/)Ah
5 ’)’'JFA —J HJ’)—Lx/)A Jâ)'A êUJ @’ M@âJx’ HJ/QFi(HA—UA—@’ ’)x'AF A
xJ/J’’)—A—J —J )x/@Hw@HAHi’J A@ FJH/A—@ —J 'HA.A9&@t wJ9@ FJx@’ x@’ —@)’ wH)i
FJ)H@’ Ax@’ —J HJ’)—Lx/)At M\ êUJt x@ 'JH/J)H@t /@FJÉAH)AF A HJA9)õAH w9Ax'WJ’ —J
mg &@HA’ wAHA /@FwJx’AH A F\ HJFUxJHAÉÍ@ —A .@9’A —J J’'U—@’ /@x/J—)—A NA’t
)’’@ xÍ@ A/@x'J/J x@ /A’@ —@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ êUJ M\ &Aâ)AF 'HA.A9&A—@ x@ ’U.’J'@H
wH)âA—@ Ax'J’ —A Jx'HA—A x@ ’)’'JFAt @U &Aâ)AF J’'A—@ /@F@ FQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'Í@
JF /9!x)/A’ wH)âA—A’t @U JF JFwHJ’A’ —J /@xâLx)@ FQ—)/@ Jt A)x—At /@F@ FQ—)i
/@’ —J /9U.J’
P@FAx—@ /@F@ HJ3JHLx/)A @ 'HA.A9&@ êUJ 0J9FAH')x@ J' A9 e ccur HJA9)õAHAF
’@.HJ @ )x(HJ’’@ x@ FJH/A—@ —J 'HA.A9&@ —J FQ—)/@’ HJ/QFi(HA—UA—@’ xA /)—A—J —J
1@’\H)@ J ’UA \HJA —J )x39ULx/)At od w@—JFi’J HJ/@x&J/JH 'HL’ ’U.’J'@HJ’ —J9)F)'A—@’
x@ ’)’'JFA —@’ A(Jx'J’ —J ’Aè—JC @ wH)âA—@t @ wè.9)/@op J @ —@ ’J(UH@ ’@/)A9 5’
M@âJx’ FQ—)/@’ ’J )x/@Hw@HAH)AF A@ FJH/A—@ —J 'HA.A9&@ JF HJ9AÉÍ@ —J —JwJx—Lxi
/)A x@’ 'HL’ ’J'@HJ’
8@ wJH!@—@ —@’ ’J)’ Ax@’ ’J(U)x'J’ ü ’UA (HA—UAÉÍ@t @’ AU'@HJ’ A’’)xA9AF
UF wH@/J’’@ —J )x’JHÉÍ@ êUJ 'JF /@F@ 'Jx—Lx/)A wH)x/)wA9 UF F@â)FJx'@ —A
@/UwAÉÍ@ JF w9Ax'WJ’ —J mg &@HA’t êUA’J J‘/9U’)âAFJx'J x@’ wH)FJ)H@’ Ax@’t JF
—)HJÉÍ@ ü Fè9')w9A @/UwAÉÍ@ x@’ —)’')x'@’ ’U.’J'@HJ’ FJx/)@xA—@’ Ax'JH)@HFJx'J
8J’’J /@x'J‘'@ @/UwA/)@xA9t A—êU)HJ 3Ux—AFJx'A9 )Fw@H'Xx/)A A .U’/A —A J’wJ/)i
A9)õAÉÍ@ /@F@ UFA J’'HA'Q()A wAHA FJ9&@HAH A’ w@’’).)9)—A—J’ —J )x’JHÉÍ@ x@ FJHi
/A—@ —J 'HA.A9&@
v’’J FJ’F@ wH@/J’’@ —J )x’JHÉÍ@ @/@HHJU Jx'HJ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ êUJ /@x’')i
'U!HAF F)x&A w@wU9AÉÍ@y â)’'@ êUJ @’ wH)FJ)H@’ 'HA.A9&@’ êUJ Jx3HJx'AHAF 3@HAF

67
w9Ax'WJ’ —J mg &@HA’ 3Ux—AFJx'A9FJx'J x@ ’U.’J'@H wH)âA—@ eJFwHJ’A’ —J FJ—)i
/)xA /@xâJx)A—A’ J ’AxA'[H)@’r 8@ 'QHF)x@ —A HJ’)—Lx/)At A @3JH'A —J 'HA.A9&@
FA)’ )Fw@H'Ax'J /@x')xU@U ’Jx—@ A HJA9)õAÉÍ@ —J w9Ax'WJ’t 3Ux—AFJx'A9FJx'J —Ji
â)—@ A@ J’'HJ)'AFJx'@ —A —JFAx—A —J 'HA.A9&@ x@ ’U.’J'@H wè.9)/@t /@F@ HJ’U9'Ai
—@ —@ /@x(J9AFJx'@ —A’ âA(A’ —@ w9Ax'J) FQ—)/@ —@’ &@’w)'A)’t @ êUJ )FwJ—J A@’
M@âJx’ FQ—)/@’ )x(HJ’’AHJF xA /AHHJ)HA wH@3)’’)@xA9 &@’w)'A9AH oz

S eHHe:phH bp H ePe p ú phH N p HúMgúgMehúp

8Í@ Q —)3!/)9 HA’'HJAHt xA .).9)@(HA3)A êUJ 'HA'A —J 'JFA’ HJ9A/)@xA—@’ ü FJi


—)/)xAt A )Fw@H'Xx/)A êUJ 'JâJ A ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9AÁ xA 'HAx’F)’’Í@ —@’ /@x&J/)i
FJx'@’ —J UFA (JHAÉÍ@ ü @U'HA @Ut JF @U'H@’ 'JHF@’t x@ XF.)'@ —A HJ9AÉÍ@ FJ’i
'HJi—)’/!wU9@ -AHA B@U/AU9' e cpcC urt —J’—J @ F@FJx'@ JF êUJ @ &@’w)'A9
wA’’A A ’JH UFA )x’')'U)ÉÍ@ —J /UHAt A—êU)HJ UFA )Fw@H'Xx/)A /HJ’/Jx'J @ ëH)'UA9 —J
â)’)'AÁy —J’/HJâJUi@ /@F@ UF «—J’3)9J êUA’JiHJ9)()@’@ x@ êUA9 @ FQ—)/@t xA 3HJxi
'Jt âA) A@ 9J)'@ —J /A—A —@Jx'Jt ’J(U)—@ —J '@—A A &)JHAHêU)A —@ &@’w)'A9Y vF
sJHõ9)/& J' A9 e ccoC fmrt Jx/@x'HAi’J @ HJ9A'@ —@ ëH)'UA9 —J â)’)'AÁt 3J)'@ w@H UF
HA—)@9@()’'A êUJt x@’ Ax@’ m u t wHA')/AâA /9!x)/A FQ—)/AC «@ wA'HÍ@ 3Aõ)A @ Jx3JHF@
’Jx'AHt w@U’AâA ’UA @HJ9&At J’/U'AâA @ ’@F —A’ /@’'A’ UF ’J(Ux—@ J 3A9AâA UFA
&@HAt 'HL’ êUAH'@’ —J &@HA vHA (Jx)A9t J9J HJ’UF)A 'U—@t 3Aõ)A UFA ’!x'J’J —J 'U—@
AêU)9@y J9J —AâA UFA 9)ÉÍ@ —J /9!x)/AY
vx/@x'HAi’J J’’A FJ’FA J‘wJH)Lx/)A —A’ ëwA’’A(Jx’ —J ’A9AÁ x@’ HJ9A'@’
—@’ ëFQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J)Áy A’’)F A OHA s oc HJ/@H—AâA UF —J9J’C

f êq&"& -& 3I(I Q(qIÉI I &­"&U)I IQ3 áP3 -I êI)I I33%) V"Iú Q \&36Q -&
NI)NQ(&IU -I -%U&%6I áIUI I &3?O&U-Ija 3& %­ê(%­IÉI áIUI O) (I-Q &
áIUI QO6UQa I &­"&U)I &36IÉI êQ) Q IN-ü)&­ -&3êQN&U6QM G­6[Q (q&
á&U\O­6Id WRQê’ P -Q êI)áQHl Wç%) Æa U&3áQ­-& I áIê%&­6&h &­6[Q &(&
-%úd W6&) O)I &ê6I3%I -Q q&)%64UI0 -%U&%6QÆM Gê6I3%I P O) 6&U)Q ?O& ­43
­[Q O6%(%úI)Q3 )I%3h &(& É%I ?O& 6%­qI O) (I-Q )I%QU -Q ?O& Q QO6UQa
W&33I &­"&U)I 6&) O) ?O%36Q q%-I6:-%êQÆh & &UI %33QM

OA FJ’FA 3@HFAt OH á 9JF.HA —@ OH 1 eUF —@’ 9!—JHJ’ —A’ —UA’ J’/@i


9A’ êUJ &Aâ)A x@ &@’w)'A9rC «wA’’AâA A ’A9A @9&Ax—@ J )A —)õJx—@ —)A.Q')/At —)A.Q')/At
/@F@ ’J —AâA /@x'Ah 59&Ax—@t w@HêUJ 9&J â)A UFA /AHA H@’A—At /@F UF w@U/@ —J
—J’/AFAÉÍ@t x@’ A(UÉAâA A â)’Í@t A @.’JHâAÉÍ@Y
5’ HJ9A'@’ Ax'JH)@HJ’ ’J @H)Jx'AF xA FJ’FA —)HJÉÍ@ —A’ /)'AÉWJ’ .).9)@(H\i
3)/A’t HJ’’A9'Ax—@ A )Fw@H'Xx/)A —J’’J ëH)'UA9Á Ax')(@ J A'UA9 A@ FJ’F@ 'JFw@ vF

68
'@—A’ A’ /)'AÉWJ’ J HJ9A'@’t @.’JHâAi’J /@F@ UFA /AHA/'JH!’')/A 3Ux—AFJx'A9 —A
ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9AÁ A wHJ’JxÉA —@ wA/)Jx'J êUJ ëF@’'HAÁ ’UA Jx3JHF)—A—J A@ ë@9&AHÁ
—@’ FQ—)/@’ ”t w@H'Ax'@t xJ’’J F@FJx'@ H)'UA9!’')/@ —A ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9AÁ êUJ A
ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ A—êU)HJ '@—A ’UA J‘wHJ’’Í@
2 'Jx’Í@ Jx'HJ A’ J‘)(Lx/)A’ —@ F@—J9@ .)@FQ—)/@t /@F Lx3A’J x@ ’A.JH
J xA’ wH\')/A’ (U)A—A’ w@H ëA9(@H)'F@’Á J ëwH@'@/@9@’Át w@H UF 9A—@t J A J‘wJH)i
Lx/)A )x—)â)—UA9t A —)FJx’Í@ —@ â)â)—@t —@’ ’Jx')FJx'@’t wJ9@ @U'H@t 3)/A
J’'A.J9J/)—A —J’—J @ F@FJx'@ JF êUJ A â)’Í@ —A '@'A9)—A—J —A ’)'UAÉÍ@ eëwA’’Ai
(JF —J ’A9AÁr J —A’ '@'A9)—A—J’ êUJ Jx'HAF JF M@(@ eëFQ—)/@Á J ëwA/)Jx'JÁr ’Í@
wHJ'JH)—A’ JF —J/@HHLx/)A —J UFA â)’Í@ /@FwAH')FJx'A9)õA—At —)/@'@F)õA—At êUJ
’J —JH)âA —A’ J‘)(Lx/)A’ —A ë.)@FJ—)/)xAÁ /@F@ /)Lx/)A
2 wJH(Ux'A êUJ ’UH(J Jx'Í@ QC 4@F@ ’J ëFAxJMAFÁt xA AwHJx—)õA(JF wH\')i
/A —A FJ—)/)xAt @’ x!âJ)’ —J 'Jx’Í@ (JHA—@’ xA’ ëwA’’A(Jx’ —J ’A9AÁh
8@ wAâ)9&Í@ x@â@t JF êUJ 3)õ @ 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@t HJA9)õAâAFi’J —@)’
')w@’ —)3JHJx'J’ —J ëwA’’A(Jx’ —J ’A9AÁC UF —J9J’ JHA /&AFA—@ ëwA’’A(JF —J
’A9A —A FAx&ÍÁt J @ @U'H@ JHA A ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9A —A 'AH—J Á gu v’'J è9')F@ JHA
Ux)/AFJx'J HJA9)õA—@ wJ9@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’
2 ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9A —A FAx&ÍÁ Q @ F@FJx'@ JF êUJ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’t @ /&J3J
—J ’A9At @’ FQ—)/@’ —A ’A9A Jt JF A9(UFA’ @/A’)WJ’t @ /&J3J —J ’JHâ)É@ J @’ /&J3J’
—J HJ’)—Jx'J’t wJH/@HHJF '@—A A ’A9A âJx—@ /A—A wA/)Jx'Jt A 3)F —J ’U(JH)HJF
'HA'AFJx'@t )x'J)HAHJFi’J —J A9(UFA Jx'HA—A Jt JF A9(Ux’ /A’@’t —)’/U')HJF —)A(i
x[’')/@’ v’’A’ wA’’A(Jx’ xÍ@ ’J HJA9)õAF '@—@’ @’ —)A’t FA’ ’@FJx'J UFA âJõ
w@H ’JFAxA w@H /A—A ’A9A e@U —UA’ JF A9(UFA —A’ ’A9A’r
6J(Ux—@ A ’A9At J JF â)H'U—J —@ êUJ @ &@’w)'A9 Qt @x—J ’J —)'AF A’ FA'QH)A’
/9!x)/A’ —A BA/U9—A—J J @x—J 'LF A’’Jx'@ —UA’ —A’ /\'J—HA’ —J NJ—)/)xA çx'JHxAt
/@x/Jx'HAi’J UFA (HAx—J êUAx')—A—J —J A9Ux@’ xA’ wA’’A(Jx’t HAõÍ@ wJ9A êUA9 J’'J’
'@FAF A 3J)ÉÍ@ —J UF AMUx'AFJx'@ vF —J'JHF)xA—A’ @/A’)WJ’t /&J(@U A &AâJH
/JH/A —J â)x'J A9Ux@’ êUJt ’J ’@FA—@’ A@’ FQ—)/@’ J HJ’)—Jx'J’t w@—J —AH )—Q)A —J
/@F@ A wA’’A(JF A—êU)HJ A’ /AHA/'JH!’')/A’ —J UFA ë)xâA’Í@ —J AâJx'A)’ .HAx/@’Á
PA9 )xâA’Í@ (JHA9FJx'J @/A’)@xA UFA )x'JHHUwÉÍ@ xA’ A')â)—A—J’ êUJ @’ Jx3JHF@’
J’'JMAF HJA9)õAx—@t M\ êUJ '@—@’ 'LF —J J’'AH A'Jx'@’ wAHA êUAx—@ 3@H wJ—)—A A
/@9A.@HAÉÍ@ A 3)F —J A(HJ(AH —A—@’ —J ’UA Jx3JHF)—A—Jt @U wAHA F@’'HAH A’ 9J’WJ’
A@’ J’'U—Ax'J’t êUAx—@ 9&J’ ’JMA ’@9)/)'A—@ wJ9@ FQ—)/@ 2 A')'U—J —@’ —@Jx'J’ âAH)A
—J’—J A')'U—J’ /@@wJHA')âA’ J A.JH'A’ i A’ êUJ ’J /AHA/'JH)õAH)AF w@H A(HJ(AH —A—@’
—J ’UA Jx3JHF)—A—Jt —J ’UA 'HAMJ'[H)A wJ’’@A9t w@H wJH(Ux'AH ’@.HJ ’UA Jx3JHF)—A—J
i A'Q A')'U—J’ —J UFA '@'A9 )F@.)9)—A—J /@Hw@HA9t /@F@ êUJHJx—@ J‘wHJ’’AH êUJ xA—A
’J A9'JH@U —J’—J A ë)xâA’Í@ .HAx/AÁ

69
2 â)’Í@ (JHA9 —@’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á Q —J —)F)xU)H A )Fw@H'Xx/)A —A wA’’A(JF
FA'U')xAt â)’'@ êUJ Q FJHAFJx'J )x3@HFA')âAy J’'A ’JH)A ’@FJx'J wAHA )x3@HFAH
A@’ ëFQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J)Át M\ êUJ xJ9A xÍ@ ’J —)’/U')H)AF ë/@x—U'A’Á A ’J(U)H /@F
@’ Jx3JHF@’ 8A’ wA9AâHA’ —J l t UF 19C

VI áI33I\&) )I6O6%­I P áIUIj êQ)O­%êIU IQ3 êq&"&3 -& 3I(I & IQ3 )P-%
êQ3 -I 3I(I I3 ­QÉ%-I-&3 & I(\O)I &­6UI-Ia QO áIUI ?O& 3I%NI) ?O&)
&36' %­6&U­I-Q iMMMcM ç& q' -I-Q3 ?O& É%&UI) I(6&UI-Q3a áQ-&) 3O\&U%U
?O& á&]I I(\O) &36O-Q iMMMcM .I 3I(I ta ÉQê’ áQ-& 6%UIU -èÉ%-I3a áQU?O&
I 5UIM CM &36' 6Q-Q Q -%I I6U'3 -& ÉQê’Mwl

vF.@HA J‘)’'A A /HJxÉA —J êUJ A wA’’A(JF —J ’A9A 'JF UF /AH\'JH AwJxA’


)x3@HFA')â@gm Jt ’[ JF HAHA’ @/A’)WJ’t w@’’A A/HJ’/Jx'AH A9(UF —A—@ A'Q Jx'Í@ xÍ@
/@x’)—JHA—@t wAHA A9(Ux’ ’J wH@—Uõ UF /9)FA J’wJ/)A9 wJ9@ FJ—@ —J JHHAH JF
A9(UFA AwHJ/)AÉÍ@ ç’’@ A/@x'J/JU A O t êUJt JF ’UA wH)FJ)HA wA’’A(JF —J ’A9At
3U()U w@HêUJ xÍ@ ’J ’Jx')A /AwAõ —J AâA9)AH UF wA/)Jx'Jt A'Q êUJ «3U) FJ'Jx—@ @’
wQ’ wJ9A’ FÍ@’ UF F@x'Í@ —J âJõJ’t FA’ —Jw@)’ AwHJx—)Y 6JU HJ9A'@ AwHJ’Jx'A
/9AHAFJx'J /@F@ x@ F@FJx'@ —A ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9AÁ Q @ )x—)â!—U@ JF ’UA '@'A9)i
—A—J êUJ J’'\ JF M@(@
5 F@FJx'@ —J 'Jx’Í@ —A wA’’A(JF —J ’A9A /@FJÉA A ’JH â)â)—@ —J’—J A
3A/U9—A—Jt êUAx—@ ’J /@FJÉA A /UH’AH A’ FA'QH)A’ —J 49!x)/A 8@ 'JH/J)H@ Ax@t ’J
wH@—Uõ @ wH)FJ)H@ /&@êUJ /@F UF wA/)Jx'Jt @ êUJt wAHA FU)'@’t wWJ JF ‘JêUJ ’J
A FJ—)/)xA Qt âJH—A—J)HAFJx'Jt ’UA â@/AÉÍ@ 8A’ wA9AâHA’ —J 7C

.Q 6&Uê&%UQa ÉQê’ 3& êqQêI êQ) Q3 áIê%&­6&3M ô !) êqQ?O& -OUQ & )O%
6Q3 3& ?O&36%Q­I) 3& U&I()&­6& \Q36I) -I )&-%ê%­Ia áQU?O& O)I êQ%3I
P &36O-IU &) 3OI êI3I êQ) (%ÉUQ3 & )Q(-&3 IU6%"%ê%I%3a & QO6UI êQ%3I êQ)
Q3 áIê%&­6&3h q' á&33QI3 ?O& 3Q"U&)a & P "Q-I Æ É’ (Q3 I33%)M

2’ ëwA’’A(Jx’ —J ’A9AÁ FA'U')xA’ HJwHJ’Jx'AF UF F@FJx'@ —J 'Jx’Í@ xÍ@


’@FJx'J wAHA @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ FA’ 'AF.QF wAHA '@—@’ @’ êUJ wAH')/)wAF —J9A’ -AHA @
ëwA/)Jx'JÁt Q @ F@FJx'@ JF êUJ â\H)@’ FQ—)/@’ AxA9)’AF ’JU /A’@ i xA FA)@H)A —A’
âJõJ’ xA ’UA wHJ’JxÉA -@—Jt A’’)Ft wJH/J.JH J‘wHJ’’WJ’ —J wHJ@/UwAÉÍ@ @U J’/Ui
'AH A9(Ux’ /@FJx'\H)@’ êUJ w@’’A Jx'Jx—JH go PAF.QF wAHA @’ FQ—)/@’t @’ HJ’)—Jxi
'J’ J @’ —@ w9Ax'J)t J’’J Q @ F@FJx'@ —J J’'AH 3HJx'J A 3HJx'J /@F @’ êUJ’')@xAFJx'@’
êUJ 9&J’ 3AõJF @’ ëwA/)Jx'J’Á êUJt FU)'@ AF)è—Jt 'LF A âJH /@F A’wJ/'@’ JF@/)@i
xA)’ —J ’UA â)âLx/)A x@ &@’w)'A9t /@F ’UA’ )x’J(UHAxÉA’ J ’JU’ FJ—@’
vF UFA —A’ wA’’A(Jx’ —J ë’A9A —A FAx&ÍÁt @.’JHâAi’J /9AHAFJx'J J’’J F@i
FJx'@ JF êUJ @’ ’Jx')FJx'@’ A39@HAHAF 3@H'JFJx'J B@) ’@9)/)'A—@ A s t UFA wA/)i

61
Jx'J êUJ AwHJ’Jx'AâA —J.)9)—A—J FU’/U9AH i JF.@HA M\ &@UâJ’’J /@FJÉA—@ A J‘wJH)i
FJx'AH FJ9&@HA it êUJ ’J A(A/&A’’J J 'Jx'A’’J 9JâAx'AHi’J ewAHA 3AõJH UFA wH@âAr
s xÍ@ /@x’J(U)U 3AõLi9@ J /@FJÉ@U A /&@HAH ’Jx'A—A xA /AFA OJ )FJ—)A'@t '@—@’
/@FJÉAF A /@x’@9\i9At —J)‘Ax—@ —J 3@HFU9AH &)w['J’J’ ’@.HJ @ —)A(x[’')/@ J A’
w@’’).)9)—A—J’ 'JHAwLU')/A’ s 'Jx'@U MU’')3)/AHi’J —)õJx—@ êUJ 'A9âJõ xÍ@ ')âJ’’J
/@x’J(U)—@ w@HêUJ /@’'UFA 3)/AH xJHâ@’A xJ’’J ')w@ —J ’)'UAÉÍ@ 5 /&@H@ êUJ.H@U
@ )x'JH/XF.)@ —J )x3@HFAÉÍ@ —A wA’’A(JF J )x’JH)U UF F@FJx'@ —J 'Jx’Í@
2’ ëwA’’A(Jx’ —J ’A9A —A 'AH—JÁ ’Í@ HJA9)õA—A’ wJ9@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ /@F@ wAH'J —A
A')â)—A—J 'J[H)/A J —J 3@HFAÉÍ@ 6Í@ 3J)'A’ xA ’A9A —J AU9A JF êUJ ’J —J’Jxâ@9âJF A’
A')â)—A—J’ 'J[H)/A’ —A 'AH—J 5 wH@/J—)FJx'@ /@x’)’'J JF UFA AwHJ’Jx'AÉÍ@ JF êUJ
UF 1ç /@FJx'A @ /A’@ UF —J ’JU’ wA/)Jx'J’ 5 HJ’)—Jx'J J‘wWJ @’ ’)x'@FA’ HJ9A'A—@’
wJ9@ wA/)Jx'J xA /@x’U9'At @’ Ax'J/J—Jx'J’ wA'@9[()/@’ J @’ J’'U—@’ êUJ M\ HJA9)õ@U
vF ’J(U)—At /@FJÉA UFA H@—A—A —J wJH(Ux'A’ /@F @ @.MJ')â@ —J /@x&J/JH FA)’
—A—@’ ’@.HJ @ /A’@ 2@ /@x/9U)H A’ wJH(Ux'A’t @’ /&J3J’ —J’)(xAF A9(UQF wAHA êUJ
/@FJ/J A JxUFJHAH A’ /AHA/'JH!’')/A’ —@ wA/)Jx'Jt A 3)F —J J‘w@H J MU’')3)/AH @’
—)A(x[’')/@’ wHJ’UF!âJ)’ —J A/@H—@ /@F @’ —A—@’ AwHJ’Jx'A—@’t Jt /@x’)—JHAx—@
'@—A’ A’ )x3@HFAÉWJ’ 9JâAx'A—A’t êUJ J’'A.J9JÉA @ —)A(x[’')/@ FA)’ AwH@‘)FA—@ i @U
@ —)A(x[’')/@ 3)xA9t ’J 3@H w@’’!âJ9 it A9QF —J )x—)/AH @ 'HA'AFJx'@ xJ/J’’\H)@
5 @.MJ')â@ —J’’A’ wA’’A(Jx’ Q wH@.9JFA')õAH @’ êUA—H@’ /9!x)/@’t J‘w@x—@
A FA)@H êUAx')—A—J —J —)A(x[’')/@’ wHJ’UF!âJ)’ êUJ @/@HHAF A J9J’t A@ FJ’F@
'JFw@ JF êUJ A—êU)HJF @ qIN%6O3 —J wJx’AFJx'@ wAHA A /@x’'HUÉÍ@ —J —)A(x[’')i
/@’ 8J’’A’ @/A’)WJ’t âLi’J UF FA)@H )x'JH/XF.)@ Lx'HJ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ FA)’ J‘wJi
H)Jx'J’t /&J3J’t J @’ 1 9y —A—@ êUJ A AxA9)’J 'J[H)/A ’J 3Aõ JF HJ9AÉÍ@ A@ êUJ J9J’
3)õJHAFt @U —J)‘AHAF —J 3AõJH /@F @ wA/)Jx'Jt âÍ@ /@HH)()x—@ ’UA’ /@x—U'A’
v’’J ')w@ —J Ax\9)’J ’JHâJ wAHA J9J’ wH@MJ'AHJF ’)'UAÉWJ’ &)w@'Q')/A’ êUJ w@—JF
’JH J‘wHJ’’A’ JF 'JHF@’ 9)x(K!’')/@’ /@F@C «@ êUJ A/@x'J/JH)A ’J @ wA/)Jx'J
')âJ’’J )’'@ J xÍ@ AêU)9@hY 5UC «@ êUJ 3AH)A ’J ')âJ’’J A/)FA —J 'A9 âA9@HhY
2 (HAx—J —)3JHJxÉA Jx'HJ A’ —UA’ ëwA’’A(Jx’ —J ’A9AÁ Q êUJt xA ëwA’’A(JF
—J ’A9A —A 'AH—JÁt @ —@Jx'J xÍ@ ’J Jx/@x'HA wHJ’Jx'J 3)’)/AFJx'Jt FA’ ’)F FJ—)Axi
'J A ëAwHJ’Jx'AÉÍ@Á 3J)'A wJ9@ HJ’)—Jx'J Jx/AHHJ(A—@t M\ êUJt /@F@ Ax'JH)@HFJx'J
J‘wHJ’’J)t A wA’’A(JF xÍ@ ’J 3Aõ —)Ax'J —@ 9J)'@ —@ Jx3JHF@ v’'A —)3JHJxÉA @
AwH@‘)FAH)A FA)’ —J UFA ëMUx'A FQ—)/AÁ —@ êUJ —J UFA ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9AÁt 'A9
/@F@ A Jx'Jx—JF @’ ëFQ—)/@’ —@ w9Ax'J)Át @U xA .).9)@(HA3)A ’@.HJ A FJ—)/)xA
&@’w)'A9AH v‘)’'J @U'H@ FJ/Ax)’F@ wJ9@ êUA9 @’ /&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’ 'HAx’F)'JF
’JU’ Jx’)xAFJx'@’ A@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ —J wH)FJ)H@ Ax@ i Q @ /&AFA—@ ëwA’’J —J ’A9AÁ
v’’J wH@/J—)FJx'@ /@x’)’'J JF êUJ @’ —@)’ /&J3J’ J’/@9&AF A9(Ux’ —@’
HJ’)—Jx'J’ J /@FJ/JF A wJH(Ux'AHi9&J’ A/JH/A —J ’JU’ wA/)Jx'J’ 5 HJ’)—Jx'J 'JF

62
A &)’'[H)A /9!x)/A —@ wA/)Jx'J wHJ’Jx'Jt —J F@—@ A 'JH '@—A’ @’ J‘AFJ’ J J’'U—@’ ü
’UA 3HJx'J PJF —J J‘w9)/AH A@’ /&J3J’ w@H êUJ 3Jõ J’’A ’QH)J —J J’'U—@’ J xÍ@
@U'H@’t JF êUJ —)A(x[’')/@’ wJx’@Ut J w@H êUJ J êUA)’ ’Í@ @’ wA’’@’ êUJ wJx’A
’J(U)H 2/@x'J/J FU)'A’ âJõJ’ êUJ J’’J ëwA’’J —J ’A9AÁ ’J HJA9)õA x@ êUAH'@ JF êUJ
J’'\ @ Jx3JHF@t FA’ xÍ@ Q xJ/J’’\H)A A wHJ’JxÉA —J’'Jt M\ êUJ A Ax\9)’J Q .A’JA—A
x@ êUJ @ HJ’)—Jx'J âJF J’'U—Ax—@
-AHA @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’t Q xA ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9A —A 'AH—JÁ J x@’ ëwA’’J’ —J ’A9AÁ
eA9QF —A’ AU9A’ J —A’ 9J)'UHA’r @x—J HJA9FJx'J ’J AwHJx—J FJ—)/)xAt —J FAxJ)HA êUJ
J’’J’ A—êU)H)HAF UFA )Fw@H'Xx/)A FA)@H —@ êUJ A ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9A —A FAx&ÍÁ gg
NA’ A âA9@H)õAÉÍ@ —A ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9A —A 'AH—JÁ J —J’âA9@H)õAÉÍ@ —A ëwA’’Ai
(JF —A FAx&ÍÁ w@—J ’JH )x'JHwHJ'A—A /@F@ UFA J9A.@HAÉÍ@ ’J/Ux—\H)At —J x!âJ9
/@x’/)Jx'Jt êUJ wJHF)'J J’/@x—JH UFA HAõÍ@ FA)’ wH@3Ux—At —J x!âJ9 )x/@x’/)Jx'J
5 êUJ êUJH@ ’U’'Jx'AH Q êUJ A ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9A —A 'AH—JÁ J @ ëwA’’J —J ’A9A ’Í@
FJ/Ax)’F@’ êUJ Jâ)'AF @U 'Jx'AF —)F)xU)H @’ F@FJx'@’ JF êUJ @’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á ’J
âLJF 3HJx'J A 3HJx'J /@F A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ 4UFwHJF J’'A 3UxÉÍ@ JF â)H'U—J
—J êUJ ’J 'HA'AF @’ /A’@’ —J wA/)Jx'J’ ëHJA)’Át êUJ ’Í@ wA/)Jx'J’ —J A9(Ux’ —J9J’y
FA’t xA AwHJ’Jx'AÉÍ@ —@ /A’@t @ wA/)Jx'J xÍ@ J’'\ wHJ’Jx'Jt A9QF —)’’@t ’J 3Aõ Jx'HJ
@ (HUw@ —J wAHJ’t w@H )’’@t A’ 'Jx’WJ’ ’U’/)'A—A’ xA ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9A —A FAx&ÍÁ i
’J .JF êUJ J’'JMAF wHJ’Jx'J’ i @/@HHJF JF UF x!âJ9 FU)'@ FJx@H
2 3UxÉÍ@ —J’’J’ FJ/Ax)’F@’ ’JH)A FAx'JH @ wH@/J’’@ —J AwHJx—)õA(JF JF
UF x!âJ9 —J 'Jx’Í@ A/J)'\âJ9 eêUA9êUJH êUJ ’JMA J’'Jry FA’ J’'A 3Ux/)@xA9)—A—J ’J
J’'A.J9J/JH)A xA HJ9AÉÍ@ —@’ FJ/Ax)’F@’ wH@—U'@HJ’ —J 'Jx’Í@ J —@’ FJ/Ax)’F@’
—)’’)wA—@HJ’ —J9At F@')â@ wJ9@ êUA9 xÍ@ ’J w@—J Jx'Jx—JH A ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9A —A
'AH—JÁ ’JF 3A9AH —A ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9A —A FAx&ÍÁ
2@ —)õJH êUJ @’ FJ/Ax)’F@’ —)F)xUJF A 'Jx’Í@t xÍ@ J’'@U wJx’Ax—@ 9)xJi
AHFJx'Jt @ êUJ /AHA/'JH)õAH)A UF ')w@ —J HA/)@/!x)@ 3)xA9)’'A —J /AU’AiJ3J)'@y FA’
’)F JF UF HA/)@/!x)@ /)H/U9AHy —J F@—@ êUJ A )Fw@H'Xx/)A —J’’A ëwA’’A(JF —J
’A9A —A 'AH—JÁ w@’’A 'JH ’J —J’Jxâ@9â)—@ w@H A9(UFA F@—)3)/AÉÍ@ )x'JHxA —@ 6JHâ)É@
—J 49!x)/A —@ wAâ)9&Í@ x@â@ PA9 F@—)3)/AÉÍ@ w@—J 'JHi’J —A—@t w@H J‘JFw9@t JF
A9(UF wJH!@—@ —J HJ9AÉWJ’ 'Jx’A’ Jx'HJ @’ ëFQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J)Á J @’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á Jt
w@’'JH)@HFJx'Jt J’'J’ è9')F@’ x@'AHAF êUJ w@—)AF —)’/U')H ’@.HJ @’ wA/)Jx'J’
FA)’ 'HAxêK)9AFJx'Jt wA’’Ax—@ A’’)F A —)’/U')H @’ —)A(x[’')/@’ Jx'HJ J9J’
1J/@HHJx—@ A UFA AxA9@()A /@F @’ F@—J9@’ wH@âJx)Jx'J’ —A’ /)Lx/)A’ —A
/@Fw9J‘)—A—Jt w@’’@ —)õJH êUJ @ êUJ ’J wH@—Uõ x@ ’JHâ)É@ Q UF AUFJx'@ —A’
/@AÉWJ’ J‘'JHxA’ J )x'JFA’ êUJt /&J(A—@ A UF w@x'@ /H!')/@t @/A’)@xA UFA êUJ.HA
—A ’)FJ'H)A êUJ âJF A/@FwAx&A—A —A AwAH)ÉÍ@ —J x@âA’ wH@wH)J—A—J’ J’'HU'UHA)’
2 êUJ.HA —A ’)FJ'H)A Q UFA FAx)3J’'AÉÍ@ —A —)3JHJx/)AÉÍ@ )x'H!x’J/A Jx'HJ A’

63
—)3JHJx'J’ wAH'J’ —@ ’)’'JFA gf 5’ ë—HAFA’ ’@/)A)’Át x@ ’Jx')—@ êUJ 9&J’ —\ PUFJHt
J’'AH)AF ’J @H)()xAx—@ J —)9U)x—@ /@')—)AxAFJx'Q Jt ’[ Q xJ/J’’\H)A A )x'JHâJxÉÍ@t
/@F FJ—)AÉWJ’ êUJ âÍ@ A9QF —@’ FJ/Ax)’F@’ —)’’)wA—@HJ’t JF ’)'UAÉWJ’ xA’
êUA)’ @ x!âJ9 —J /@x39)'@ Q (HAx—J
5’ FJ/Ax)’F@’ —)’’)wA—@HJ’ A'UAF —)()'A9)õAx—@ A’ HJ9AÉWJ’ êUJ ’J J’'A.Ji
9J/JF Jx'HJ ëFQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J)Á J ëFQ—)/@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’Á J A’ êUJ ’J J’'A.J9J/JF
Jx'HJ FQ—)/@’ J ëwA/)Jx'J’Á v’’A —)()'A9)õAÉÍ@ wH@—Uõ UFA —J’/@x')xU)—A—J xA
'@'A9)—A—J AxA9[()/A êUJ ’JH)A A ’)'UAÉÍ@ â)â)—A xA ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9A —A FAx&ÍÁ
2 —)()'A9)õAÉÍ@ @wJHAH)At 3Ux—AFJx'A9FJx'Jt JF x!âJ9 —A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁt
@/A’)@xAx—@ UFA —J’/@x')xU)—A—J Jx'HJ @ êUJ Q —J )x'JHJ’’J wAHA @ 'HA'AFJx'@
FQ—)/@ i —J A/@H—@ /@F @ F@—J9@ .)@FQ—)/@ i J @ êUJ A9U—J A@’ ’Jx')FJx'@’t
wA)‘WJ’t 'HAx’3JHLx/)A’t )—Jx')3)/AÉWJ’ J'/ vF @U'HA’ wA9AâHA’t '@—A’ AêUJ9A’ /@)i
’A’ êUJ A ë.)@FJ—)/)xAÁ —J)‘@U —J 9A—@ A@ /@x’')'U)Hi’J JF ë/)Lx/)A —A’ —@JxÉA’Át
@U ’JMAt 'U—@ @ êUJ 3@) —J)‘A—@ —J 3@HA —@ —)’/UH’@ .)@FQ—)/@

f BHeO

vx'HJ FU)'@’ @U'H@’t w@—JFi’J FJx/)@xAH 0A’õAx(JH e cz rt BHJ)—’@x e cpzrt B@U/AU9'


e cpct cc rt 0@.JxH)J'& e cpmrt O\â)9A e cpmrt êUJ A wAH')H —J —)3JHJx'J’ Jx3@êUJ’
HJ’(A'AF A )Fw@H'Xx/)A —A )x’JHÉÍ@ x@ FJ)@ &@’w)'A9AH —@’ wH@3)’’)@xA)’ JF 3@HFAÉÍ@
m B@U/AU9' e cc rC umi uort JF f .I3ê%)&­6Q -I 9(:­%êI J’/HJâJC «A J‘wJH)Lx/)A
&@’w)'A9AH J’'AâA J‘/9U!—A —A 3@HFAÉÍ@ —@ H)'UA9 FQ—)/@ e r A /UHA ’[ w@—)A —J’Jxi
â@9âJHi’J JF 3@HFA —J HJ9AÉÍ@ )x—)â)—UA9 Jx'HJ @ FQ—)/@ J @ Jx3JHF@Y
o 6A&9)x’ e czzC oui o r 3A9A —@ H)’/@ —A’ /A'J(@H)A’ xA AÉÍ@ wAHA HJ3JH)Hi’J ü
HJ)x'JHwHJ'AÉÍ@ wJHFAxJx'J —A’ /A'J(@H)A’ vF ’UA’ wA9AâHA’C «xA AÉÍ@ @U x@ FUxi
—@ e'J/x)/AFJx'Jt x@’ A'@’ —J HJ3JHLx/)Art A’ /A'J(@H)A’ /U9'UHA)’ A—êU)HJF x@â@’
âA9@HJ’ 3Ux/)@xA)’ 4AHHJ(A—@’ /@F @ FUx—@t @’ ’)(x)3)/A—@’ /U9'UHA)’ ’Í@ w@H'Axi
'@ A9'JHA—@’Y
g 2 AxA9@()A A@ Fè’)/@ —J MAõõ wJHF)')H)A A/9AHAH FJ9&@H A )—Q)A êUJ J’'@U FAxJMAx—@t
A@ wHJ3JH)H 3A9AH —J A(Jx'J J xÍ@ —J A'@H 5 Fè’)/@ —J MAõõ êUAx—@ âA) )x'JHwHJ'AH UF
'JFA ’[ /@x'A /@F UFA’ 9)x&A’ FJ9[—)/A’t /@F UFA J’'HU'UHA &AHFkx)/A êUJ Q
FAx')—A )xâAH)\âJ9 J /@F A’ J’/A9A’ '@xA)’ HJ9A/)@xA—A’ /@F A 9)x&A FJ9[—)/Ay FA’t
’@.HJ J’'A FJ9@—)A J J’'HU'UHAt @ Fè’)/@ w@—J 3AõJH ’UA )x'JHwHJ'AÉÍ@t êUJ âA) J’'AH
)x39UJx/)A—A wJ9A FAxJ)HA /@F@ ë’Jx'JÁ @ 'JFA xJ’’J F@FJx'@ 8Í@ J’'\ '@'A9FJx'J
’UMJ)'@ ü FJ9@—)At M\ êUJ w@—J eJ —JâJr )FwH@â)’AHy FA’ xÍ@ J’'\ '@'A9FJx'J 9)âHJ
w@HêUJ 'JF êUJ HJ’wJ)'AH A J’'HU'UHA &AHFkx)/A v’’A 'Jx’Í@ Jx'HJ 9).JH—A—J J ’U.i
F)’’Í@ xA J‘J/UÉÍ@ FU’)/A9 FAx)3J’'Ai’J 'AF.QF xA /AHHJ)HA —J Fè’)/@t /@F@ M\
3@HA A’’)xA9A—@ w@H 0J/DJH e cp r

65
f 2 x@ÉÍ@ /@F A êUA9 'HA.A9&@t A@ wJx’AH J’’A 9).JH—A—J HJ(U9A—At Q A —J qIN%6O3a Jx'Jxi
—Jx—@iA /@F@ UF «’)’'JFA A.JH'@ —J —)’w@’)ÉWJ’t w@’'@ 3HJx'J A 3HJx'J J /@x')xUAFJxi
'J /@F x@âA’ J‘wJH)Lx/)A’ Jt JF /@x’JêKLx/)At A3J'A—@ w@H J9A’ ’JF /J’’AHbÁ e0@UH—)JU
a áA/êUAx't ccfC cmr
J 8Í@ w@’’@ —J)‘AH —J HJ/@H—AH êUJt /A—A âJõ êUJ Jx'HAâA A@ wAâ)9&Í@ FA)@Ht ')x&A A
’Jx’AÉÍ@ —J Jx'HAH JF /@x'A'@ /@F A FJ—)/)xA —J wH)x/!w)@’ —J ’Q/U9@t —J Jx'HAH
xUF 'èxJ9 —@ 'JFw@ êUJ FJ 9JâAâA A@ wA’’A—@ v’’A )—Q)A JHA —J’wJH'A—A wJ9@’
/@HHJ—@HJ’ —J 'J'@’ A9'@’t wJ9A’ wAHJ—J’ J’/UHA’ J —;’/A’/A—A’t wJ9@ A’/Jx’@H —J
3JHH@ 3])MA—@t wJ9A’ J’/A—A’ —J F\HF@HJ (A’'A’ wJ9@ U’@t A’’)F /@F@ wJ9A’ (HAx—J’
’A9A’ xA’ êUA)’ @’ Jx3JHF@’ J’'Í@ ’JwAHA—@’ AwJxA’ w@H 'A.)êUJ’ 4@F@ ’J âJH\t
'U—@ )’’@ /@x'HA’'A 3@H'JFJx'J /@F A’ /AHA/'JH!’')/A’ —@ wAâ)9&Í@ x@â@
p 5 wH@.9JFA —A wHJwAHAÉÍ@ —J3)/)Jx'J Q UFA êUJ)‘A wJHFAxJx'Jt J‘'HJFAFJx'J /@Fi
w9J‘@ J J‘/J—J @ XF.)'@ —J’'J 'HA.A9&@
’ 2)x—A &@MJ ’J w@—J âJH JF /)FA —A w@H'A —J Jx'HA—A —@ wAâ)9&Í@ —J /)HUH()A A
)x’/H)ÉÍ@ —J «4)HUH()A J 49!x)/A NQ—)/AY
’ -A/)Jx'J’ ’J(UHA—@’ ’Í@ AêUJ9J’ êUJ 'LF A9(UF ')w@ —; /@.JH'UHA wJ9@ ’J(UH@ ’@/)A9
J’'A'A9 @U wH)âA—@ 5 Jx3JHF@ J A'Jx—)—@ J —Jw@)’ @ &@’w)'A9 HJ/J.J UF wA(AFJx'@
w@H /A—A wA/)Jx'J êUJ A'Jx—J 5 &@’w)'A9 'JF A @.H)(AÉÍ@ —J A'Jx—JH Ab'@—@’ @’
Jx3JHF@’ êUJ @ ’@9)/)'JFt 'Jx&AF @U xÍ@t ’J(UH@ ’@/)A9C -@H )’’@ Q êUJt FU)'A’ âJõJ’t
wJ9A’ /@Fw9)/AÉWJ’ êUJ A/AHHJ'AF @’ 'HAF)'J’t @’ Jx3JHF@’ xÍ@ —J/9AHAF ’JU ’J(UH@
’@/)A9 Jt ’J ’@FAF@’ A )’'@ @ 3A'@ —J êUJ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ xÍ@ 9&J’ wJH(Ux'AFt @ xèFJH@
—@’ êUJ @ —J/9AHAF Q FJx@H —@ êUJ @ xèFJH@ HJA9 —@’ êUJ @ 'LF -@’’U)H UF ’J(UH@
’@/)A9 )x—)/A A@ FJx@’ êUJ ’J 'JF UF 'HA.A9&@ J’'\âJ9y )’'@ HJâJ9A UFA —J'JHF)xA—A
/@x—)ÉÍ@ ’@/)A9 —@’ Jx3JHF@’y Jx'Í@ ’J âL w@HêUJ A'Jx—JH A UFA A9'A wJH/Jx'A(JF —J
’J(UHA—@’ 3Aõ /@F êUJ @ wAâ)9&Í@ ’JMA /AHA/'JH)õA—@ /@F @ 36I6O3 J’wJ/)A9 —J ëwAâ)i
9&Í@ Gç-Á
)@ ç’’@ @ /@xâJH'J JF UF 9U(AH —J HJUx)Í@ J —J )x'JH/XF.)@ —J wAHJ/JHJ’ ’@.HJ A’
x@â)—A—J’ —@’ wA/)Jx'J’
x -J9A’ /@xâJH’A’ êUJ wU—J J’/U'AH xJ’’J AF.)Jx'Jt @’ F@FJx'@’ Ax'JH)@HJ’ A@
A9F@É@t w@U/@ A w@U/@t 3@HAF ’J 'HAx’3@HFAx—@ JF UF w@x'@ )Fw@H'Ax'J xA 'AHJ3A
/@')—)AxA
)m v’’A’ F@—)3)/AÉWJ’ ’J )x/9UJF —Jx'H@ —A HJ3@HFA —@ v’'A—@ —A wH@â!x/)A —J 0UJx@’
2)HJ’t wJ9A xJ/J’’)—A—J —A’ AU'@H)—A—J’ /Jx'HA)’ —J HJA9)õAH UF AMU’'J J/@xkF)/@
’@9)/)'A—@ wJ9A’ AU'@H)—A—J’ xA/)@xA)’ /@F @ @.MJ')â@ —J HJ—Uõ)H @’ —Q3)/)'’ wH@â)x/)i
A)’ J —J 9@(HAH UFA @')F)õAÉÍ@ —@’ HJ/UH’@’ Aw9)/A—@’ A ’AU—J 5 wH@MJ'@ —J )x’'AUHAH
A /AHHJ)HA FQ—)/@i&@’w)'A9AHt êUJ A(@HA ’J êUJH FU—AHt HJF@x'A A@ Ax@ cfu e—A—@
J‘'HA!—@ —@ 0@9J')F -U.9)/A—@ wAHA A /@FJF@HAÉÍ@ —@ /Jx'Jx\H)@ —@ &@’w)'A9r
)’ 6J(Ux—@ @ AH')(@ oAt ’[ w@—JH)AF )x(HJ’’AH xA /AHHJ)HA wH@3)’’)@xA9 &@’w)'A9AH @’
wH@3)’’)@xA)’ êUJ @’'Jx'A’’JF '!'U9@’ Ux)âJH’)'\H)@’ -@’'JH)@HFJx'Jt /@F UFA F@i
—)3)/AÉÍ@ J’'A.J9J/)—A wJ9A IJ) upft 3@) wJHF)')—@ @ )x(HJ’’@ —J 3@x@AU—)[9@(@’
êUJ ')âJ’’JF UF '!'U9@ —J x!âJ9 —J 'JH/J)H@ (HAU jFA F@—)3)/AÉÍ@ êUJ J’'A.J9J/JU
A FJ’FA J‘/JÉÍ@ wAHA A’’)’'Jx'J’ ’@/)A)’ 3@) âJ'A—A wJ9A IJ) fct —J cc NA’ M\
’J wHJâL A /H)AÉÍ@ —J UF J’/A9Í@ —J 'Q/x)/@’ wAHA A’ wH@3)’’WJ’ ’JF '!'U9@ Ux)âJH’)i
'\H)@t /@)’A A ’JH HJA9)õA—A xA IJ) A)x—A JF —)’/U’’Í@

66
g 8A IJ) u gp t @’ ë/@x/@HHJx'J’Á J ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á ’Í@ )x/9U!—@’ x@’ AH')(@’ f J fm
HJ’wJ/')âAFJx'J
)’ 6J(Ux—@ @’ AU'@HJ’t «A FJ—)/)xAt M\ x@ Ax@ cmmt wAHA A FJ'A—J —@’ FQ—)/@’ AH(Jxi
')x@’ &Aâ)A —J)‘A—@ —J ’JH UFA wH@3)’’Í@ 9).JHA9 wAHA 'HAx’3@HFAHi’J JF UFA wH@3)’i
’Í@ A’’A9AH)A—AY e0J9FAH')x@t czzr sJHõ9)/& J' A9 e ccort JF ’JU 'HA.A9&@ ’@.HJ A
Jâ@9UÉÍ@ —A FJ—)/)xA xA BHAxÉA x@ wJH!@—@ —J cm i czct A’’)xA9A UFA FAx)3J’'Ai
ÉÍ@ )Fw@H'Ax'JC A AwAH)ÉÍ@ —J UF x@â@ F@—@ —J J‘JH/!/)@ —A wH@3)’’Í@t @ A’’A9AH)Ai
—@t êUJ H@FwJH)A /@F A )—Q)A —A FJ—)/)xA /@F@ wH@3)’’Í@ 9).JHA9
)d 8J’’J FJ’F@ ’Jx')—@ ’J J‘wHJ’’A 2.AUHHJt e czuC gzor xUF J—)'@H)A9 wU.9)/A—@ xA
HJâ)’'A z&-%ê%­IlM «2 HJ’)—Lx/)A FQ—)/A Q UF ’)’'JFA J—U/A')â@ êUJ wJHF)'J A@
x@âJ9 FQ—)/@ A—êU)H)H xUF /UH'@ wJH!@—@ —J 'JFw@ UFA ’[9)—A 3@HFAÉÍ@ êUJ @
/AwA/)'A wAHA @ J‘JH/!/)@ J3)/)Jx'J J )—kxJ@ —A wH@3)’’Í@ FQ—)/At J’wJ/)A9FJx'J JF
’JU A’wJ/'@ A’’)’'Jx/)A9Y
x v’’A H@'AÉÍ@ ’J HJA9)õA —J A/@H—@ /@F A’ xJ/J’’)—A—J’ —@ ’)’'JFA —A’ HJ’)—Lx/)A’ J
xÍ@ JF HJ9AÉÍ@ ü’ xJ/J’’)—A—J’ —@’ wA/)Jx'J’t @ êUJ A/AHHJ'A @ wH@.9JFA —J wA/)Jxi
'J’ êUJ J’'AâAF ’Jx—@ A'Jx—)—@’ w@H UF HJ’)—Jx'J wA’’AHJFt —J HJwJx'Jt A ’JHJF
'HA'A—@’ w@H @U'H@t ’JF 9JâAH JF /@x'A @’ A’wJ/'@’ —A HJ9AÉÍ@ FQ—)/@iwA/)Jx'J
)’ 1J/J.)AF @ x@FJ —J ëwHA')/Ax'J’Á @’ J’'U—Ax'J’ —J FJ—)/)xA êUJ /@FJÉAâAF A
HJA9)õAH A wH\')/At ’JU AwHJx—)õA—@t x@’ &@’w)'A)’ 2 —)3JHJx/)AÉÍ@ JF FA)@HJ’ J
FJx@HJ’ 3Aõ A9U’Í@ ü êUAx')—A—J —J Ax@’ —J wH\')/A êUJ 'LF x@ &@’w)'A9
c 5 OH ç J @ OH á wJH'Jx/JF A@ w9Ax'J) —J FQ—)/@’ —@ &@’w)'A9y @’ —@)’ 'LF UFA 9@x(A
'HAMJ'[H)A xA )x’')'U)ÉÍ@ J ’Í@ wH@3J’’@HJ’ xA’ /\'J—HA’ —J NJ—)/)xA çx'JHxA êUJ 3Uxi
/)@xAF x@ wAâ)9&Í@
m u 5 AH')(@ mm —@ v’'A'U'@ —A 1J’)—Lx/)A ’J HJ3JHJ A J’’J wH@w[’)'@ êUAx—@ —)õ êUJ @

N )x)’'QH)@ w@—JH)A ’@9)/)'AH A@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ êUJ wHJ’'JF ’JHâ)É@’ JF \HJA’


wH@(HAF\')/A’ —J J’'A.J9J/)FJx'@’ —A HJ()Í@ 9@/A9 —J ’UA HJ’)—Lx/)A vx'HJ'Ax'@t x@
AH')(@ mgt 9Li’J êUJ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ êUJ xÍ@ 3@HAF HJêU)’)'A—@’ wJ9@ N)x)’'QH)@ A'Q
’J’’Jx'A —)A’ Ax'J’ —A 3)xA9)õAÉÍ@ —A HJ’)—Lx/)A 3)/AF JF 9).JH—A—J —J AÉÍ@
m OUHAx'J @ wJH!@—@ —A HJ’)—Lx/)At @ FQ—)/@ HJ’)—Jx'J Q .@9’)’'A —@ N)x)’'QH)@ —A
6Aè—J
mm 2 w@’’).)9)—A—J —J wJHFAxJ/JH JF A9(UF ’JHâ)É@ —@ &@’w)'A9 ’J J’'A.J9J/J w@HêUJ
@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ —J /9!x)/At A@ 'JHF)xAH A HJ’)—Lx/)At HJA9)õAF UFA ’J(Ux—A HJ’)—Lx/)A
êUJ 3Ux/)@xA /@F@ J’wJ/)A9)õAÉÍ@ —A Ax'JH)@H
mo 8@ AH')(@ f —A IJ) ugp t @ wJ’’@A9 ë/@x/@HHJx'JÁ 3)/A —J3)x)—@ /@F@ AêUJ9J êUJ
A’’)’'J A@’ J’'A.J9J/)FJx'@’ ’Ax)'\H)@’ /@F @ 3)F —J FJ9&@HAH ’UA /AwA/)'AÉÍ@y
'JHÍ@ @’ FJ’F@’ —)HJ)'@’ J @.H)(AÉWJ’ êUJ @ wJ’’@A9 /9A’’)3)/A—@ vx'HJ @’ —)HJ)'@’
êUJ ’J 9&J A—MU—)/AF xÍ@ J’'\ @ HJ3JH)—@ A@’ wA(AFJx'@’ êUJ ’J J3J'UA A@ wJ’’@A9
/9A’’)3)/A—@
mg OUHAx'J @ wJH!@—@ —@ 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@t ’[ UFA M@âJF J’'AâA ëâ)’)'Ax—@Á @ wAâ)i
9&Í@y J9A /@x’J(U)U A AU'@H)õAÉÍ@ w@HêUJ &Aâ)A ’)—@ A9UxA —A OHA s xA (HA—UAÉÍ@
8Í@ &Aâ)A xJx&UF ë/@x/@HHJx'JÁ
mf 8A’ @.’JHâAÉWJ’t xÍ@ 3@) 3J)'A xJx&UFA —)3JHJx/)AÉÍ@t —A—@ êUJ '@—@’ 'LF A’
FJ’FA’ HJ’w@x’A.)9)—A—J’ J 'LF —J HJA9)õAH A’ FJ’FA’ A')â)—A—J’

6
md ã t Ax'J’ —J /@FJÉAH A J’'U—AH FJ—)/)xAt HJA9)õ@U J’'U—@’ wAHA ’JH ’A/JH—@'J JF ’JU
wA!’ —J @H)(JFy w@’'JH)@HFJx'Jt A@ FU—AH —J â@/AÉÍ@t @ êUJ wJ’@U JF ’UA J’/@9&A 3@)
êUJ ’JMA @ FA)’ &UFAx)'\H)A w@’’!âJ9Y ã xÍ@ ')x&A JF ’UA 3AF!9)A xJx&UF FQ—)/@ 5
wAHA—@‘A9 —A @wÉÍ@ êUJ ã 3Jõ Q J’/@9&JH A PJHAw)A çx'Jx’)âA êUJt —Jx'HJ '@—A’ A’
J’wJ/)A9)—A—J’ —A FJ—)/)xAt Q UFA —A’ êUJ 'HA'A /@F wA/)Jx'J’ /H!')/@’ x@’ êUA)’ @
A’wJ/'@ 'Q/x)/@ (Ax&@U UFA )Fw@H'Xx/)A FU)'@ FA)@H —@ êUJ @ A’wJ/'@ &UFAx)'\H)@
mp 2 'HAMJ'[H)A —J v Q FU)'@ )x'JHJ’’Ax'J w@HêUJ 'JF FA')õJ’ '@'A9FJx'J —)3JHJx'J’ —A’
—@’ —JFA)’ 2x'J’ —J /@FJÉAH A HJ’)—Lx/)A x@ &@’w)'A9 —A /@FUx)—A—Jt HJA9)õ@U UF
Ax@ —J HJ’)—Lx/)A JF NJ—)/)xA TJHA9 xA wH@â!x/)A —J 6A9'At x@ x@H'J —@ wA!’ ç’’@ 9&J
—JU A w@’’).)9)—A—J —J J‘wJH)FJx'AH —@)’ ')w@’ —)3JHJx'J’ —J FJ—)/)xA J 'AF.QF
—UA’ 3@HFA’ —)’')x'A’ —J Jx’)x\i9A’ 6JFwHJ 'JâJ )x/9)xAÉWJ’ wH@3)’’)@xA)’ wAHA A
\HJA —A ’Aè—Jt FA’ A J’/@9&A —A FJ—)/)xA /@F@ wH@3)’’Í@ A @.H)(@U A FU—AHi’J wAHA
@U'HA wH@â!x/)A ePU/UF\xr J w@’'JH)@HFJx'J wAHA 6A9'A J 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’y )’’@t 'A9âJõt
J‘w9)êUJ w@HêUJ @’ HJ9A'@’ —J ’UA 'HAMJ'[H)A J’'Í@ FAH/A—@’ wJ9A )—Q)A —J ëHJxèx/)AÁb
mz 2’ 3A/U9—A—J’ wH)âA—A’ /@HHJ’w@x—)AF ü jx)âJH’)—A—J —@ 6A9âA—@H e0UJx@’ 2)HJ’r
J ü jx)âJH’)—A—J 4A'[9)/A —J 4[H—@.Ay Jx'HJ A’ J’'A'A)’t ’J )x/9UJF A’ 3A/U9—A—J’
—JwJx—Jx'J’ —A’ jx)âJH’)—A—J’ —J 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’t IA -9A'At 4[H—@.At 8@H—J’'Jt
PU/UF\xt 1@’\H)@ J 4U­@ 5 xèFJH@ —J BA/U9—A—J’ J çx’')'U'@’ -H)âA—@’ x@’ êUA)’
’J w@—J J’'U—AH FJ—)/)xA JF 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’ &@MJ Q x@'@H)AFJx'J FA)@H
mc -AF) Q @ ’J(UH@ ’@/)A9 —@’ )—@’@’y N )x'JHxAHA UF wA/)Jx'J êUJ xÍ@ ')x&A —)x&J)H@
wAHA /@FwHAH A FJ—)/AÉÍ@y J’'AâA x@ &@’w)'A9 wAHA '@F\i9A xA 3@HFA Jx—@âJx@’At
JxêUAx'@ ’J J’wJHAâA êUJ A/A.A’’JF @’ Jx'HAâJ’ —@’ 'HXF)'J’ .UH@/H\')/@’ wAHA
êUJ A -AF) 9&J /@FwHA’’J A FJ—)/AÉÍ@ J J9J wU—J’’J )H wAHA /A’A
ou OJ’Jxâ@9âJH &)’'[H)A’ Q J’/HJâJH @’ —A—@’ —)\H)@’ êUJ ’UH()HAF A/JH/A —J UF wA/)Jxi
'Jt ’JMA —A )x’wJÉÍ@ @U —J A9(UFA Ax\9)’J êUJ 9&J 3@) HJA9)õA—A 5’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ 'LF êUJ
)H 3AõJx—@ J’’A 'AHJ3A /@')—)AxAFJx'Jt w@HêUJt JF êUA9êUJH —)At w@—J 9&J’ ’JH A'H).U!—A
A ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9A —A 'AH—JÁ @U @ êUJ 3AõJF @’ /&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’y xÍ@ @.’'Ax'Jt
@/A’)@xA—@ wJ9A J‘/J’’)âA êUAx')—A—J —J 'HA.A9&@t Q /@FUF êUJ A'HA’JF A9(Ux’ —)A’
o 7UAx—@ - Jx'H@U xA HJ’)—Lx/)At J’'AâAF 9JâAx—@ A /A.@ FAx)3J’'AÉWJ’ /@F @
@.MJ')â@ —J êUJ xÍ@ 'JHF)xA’’JF A’ HJ’)—Lx/)A’ J 'AF.QF wAHA /@x’J(U)H )x’UF@’
&@’w)'A9AHJ’ êUJ 9&J’ wJHF)')’’JF 'HA.A9&AH A—JêUA—AFJx'J
om 7UAx—@ J’'Í@ x@ ’J(Ux—@ Ax@ J ’@.HJ'U—@ ’J ’Í@ /A’A—@’t A9(Ux’ /@FJÉAF A 3AõJH
w9Ax'WJ’ JF JFwHJ’A’ —J FJ—)/)xA /@xâJx)A—A’ x@’ 3)x’ —J ’JFAxAt A)x—A êUJ )’’@t
w@H J’'A'U'@t xÍ@ ’JMA wJHF)')—@
oo BA9@ —J )x'JH/XF.)@ Jx'HJ @’ )x—)â!—U@’t AwJ’AH —J NAU’’ e cpcr J‘wHJ’’AH /9AHAi
FJx'J êUJ @ )x'JH/XF.)@ Q Jx'HJ /@9J')â)—A—J’t w@HêUJ @’ êUJ xJ’'J /A’@ ’J @.H)(AF
J /@x'H@9AF ’Í@ @’ )x—)â!—U@’t J A /@FUx)—A—J )x'JHJ’’A—A xJ’’J )x'JH/XF.)@ —J
wHJ’'AÉWJ’ '@'A)’ ’JH)A A HJ’)—Lx/)A —@ wAâ)9&Í@ x@â@y JF @U'H@ x!âJ9t @ )x'JH/XF.)@
’J J’'A.J9J/J Jx'HJ A’ —)’')x'A’ HJ’)—Lx/)A’ —@ &@’w)'A9
og 0@UH—)JU e cc C ppi pzr —J’'A/A A )Fw@H'Xx/)A —J’’J )x'JHâA9@ Jx'HJ A —\—)âA J A
/@x'HA—\—)âA êUJ )x’'AUHA A J’'HA'Q()A J 'HAx’3@HFA @ )x'JH/XF.)@ —J UFA AÉÍ@ FJ/Xi
x)/A JF UFA ’QH)J —J A'@’ êUJ e r )Fw9)/AF UFA AU'Lx')/A /H)AÉÍ@ /@x')xUA—A êUJ
w@—J )x'JHH@FwJHi’J JF /A—A UF —J ’JU’ F@FJx'@’y J êUJ /A—A UF —J ’JU’ A'@’
)xAU(UHA)’ êUJ A /@x’')'UJF w@—JF —AH x@ âAõ)@Y

60
of 6JH)A UF 3A9’@ wH@.9JFA êUJ’')@xAH ’J 3@HAF @’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Át @U 3@HAF @’ FQ—)/@’ —J
w9Ax'J)Á @’ êUJ /@FJÉAHAF /@F A ’JwAHAÉÍ@ —A’ /A'J(@H)A’ 5 )Fw@H'Ax'J J êUJ J’’A’
—UA’ /A'J(@H)A’ JF ’UA )x'JHAÉÍ@ —J9)F)'AF UFA ’QH)J —J wH\')/A’ êUJ ’A@ wJHF)')—A’ J
@U'HA’ êUJ xÍ@ ’Í@ -@H @U'H@ 9A—@t A’ /A'J(@H)A’ 3)/AF J’'A.J9J/)—A’ —J’—J @ F@FJx'@
JF êUJ ’J JFwHJ(AF J’'A'U'@’ —)3JHJx'J’
od 2 /)—A—J —J 1@’\H)@ ’J Jx/@x'HA 9@/A9)õA—A xA -H@â!x/)A —J 6Ax'A BQ J ’J /AHA/'JH)õA
w@H ’JH UFA \HJA —J (HAx—J /@x/Jx'HAÉÍ@ w@wU9A/)@xA9y —Jâ)—@ ü /H)’J J/@x@F)/A
êUJ A'HAâJ’’A A 2H(Jx')xAt Q UFA \HJA —J (HAx—J’ wH@.9JFA’ ’@/)A)’
op 2@ /AHA/'JH)õAH A ’)'UAÉÍ@ A'UA9 —@ ’U.’J'@H wè.9)/@t 0J9FAH')x@ J' A9 e ccuC pr
A’’)xA9AF êUJ «A'UA9FJx'J @ FQ—)/@ &@’w)'A9AH /AHJ/J —@’ J9JFJx'@’ F!x)F@’ )x—)’i
wJx’\âJ)’ wAHA A A'JxÉÍ@ vF A9(UFA’ J’wJ/)A9)—A—J’ /H!')/A’t /&J(@Ui’J A /@x'HA'AH
wHJ’'AÉWJ’ /@F @ ’U.’J'@H wH)âA—@Y 8@'J) J’’A ’)'UAÉÍ@ /H!')/A x@ &@’w)'A9 —@ @.MJ'@
—J J’'U—@t J xÍ@ J’'AH)A JêU)â@/A—@ ’J ’U’'Jx'A’’J êUJ Q UFA ’)'UAÉA@ êUJ A.AH/A
(HAx—J wAH'J —@ ’U.’J'@H wè.9)/@ —A wH@â!x/)A —J 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’
oz ç’'@ ’J â)U A'JxUA—@ xA -H@â!x/)A —J 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’ wJ9A )xAU(UHAÉÍ@ —J x@â@’ &@’w)i
'A)’ êUJ J’'Í@ /@x’')'U)x—@ ’JU w9Ax'J) —J wH@3)’’)@xA)’y —J’’J F@—@t UF —@’ /&J3J’
—J HJ’)—Jx'J’ —J F)x&A w@wU9AÉÍ@ /@x’J(U)U 'HA.A9&@ JF UF &@’w)'A9 êUJ J’'AâA
xJ’’J wH@/J’’@t —@ FJ’F@ F@—@ êUJ UF —@’ /&J3J’ —@ Ax@ Ax'JH)@Hy xA@ @.’'Ax'Jt
J’’J 'HA.A9&@ ’)(x)3)/@U êUJ J9J ')âJ’’J êUJ ’J —J’9@/AH wAHA @U'HA /)—A—J A Ux’ ou DF
—J @x—J F@HAâAF vF êUJ wJ’J J’’A w@’’).)9)—A—Jt wAHA A FA)@xA —@’ FQ—)/@’ êUJ
'JHF)xAF A HJ’)—Lx/)At @’ w9Ax'WJ’ /@x')xUAF A ’JH @ HJ/UH’@ FA)’ )Fw@H'Ax'J
2 OHA s Q UFA —A’ FQ—)/A’ /&J3J’ —J ’A9A’ —@ wAâ)9&Í@y 3@) /@F J9A êUJ HJA9)õJ)
F)x&A wxFJ)HA ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9AÁ v9A 'HA.A9&A '@—@’ @’ —)A’ x@ wAâ 9&A@ J 'JF
/@x'A'@ wJHFAxJx'J 'Ax'@ /@F @’ Jx3JHF@’ /@F@ /@F @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’y J w@H )’’@ êUJ
'@—A’ A’ —J/)’WJ’ 'JHAwLU')/A’ êUJ ’J '@FAF JF ë’UAÁ ’A9A 'LF êUJ 'JH ’JU /@x’Jxi
')FJx'@ PHA.A9&A x@ &@’w)'A9 3Aõ mp Ax@’ J xA 49!x)/A NQ—)/A —J’—J êUJ ’J )xAU(Ui
H@U @ wAâ)9&Í@ PJâJ J‘wJH)Lx/)A’ xA FJ—)/)xA wH)âA—At FA’ xÍ@ ’J ’Jx')A .JFy 'JF
A HAHA /AHA/'JH!’')/A —J —J—)/AHi’J A 'HA.A9&AH ’[ x@ &@’w)'A9y )’’@ 9&J wJHF)'J J’'AH A9)
'@—@ @ 'JFw@ êUJ êUJ)HA 6J(Ux—@ @ J‘wHJ’’A JF ’JU —)’/UH’@t J9A —J’3HU'A @
&@’w)'A9 6@.H)x&A —J UFA JF)xLx/)A FQ—)/A —A /)—A—Jt —J’—J wJêUJxA ’J ’Jx')U
—J’9UF.HA—A wJ9A â)—A —J FQ—)/@
gu 2 ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9A —A 'AH—JÁ 'AF.QF JHA /&AFA—A ëwA’’J —J ’A9AÁy FA’ &Aâ)A UFA
)x—)’')xÉÍ@ xA HJ3JHLx/)A A UFA @U @U'HA êUJ x@'J) x@ F@FJx'@ —J 3AõJH A’ Jx'HJâ)’i
'A’t M\ êUJt êUAx—@ wJH(Ux'AâA wJ9A wA’’A(JF —J ’A9At FJ HJ’w@x—)AF )x—A(Ax—@ A
êUA9 3Aõ)A A9U’Í@t ’J ü —A FAx&Í @U ü —A 'AH—J
g -AHA 5 t UF 1ot @ wH@.9JFA ’J 9JâAx'A «w@HêUJ xÍ@ 3Ux/)@xA .JF A HJ9AÉÍ@t w@HêUJ
A wJ’’@A —JâJH)A J’'AH Ax’)@’A w@H J’/U'AH A @w)x)Í@ —@’ FA)’ âJ9&@’ wAHA âJH ’J @
AMU—AF A —J/)—)H ’@.HJ @ êUJ 3AõJH @U xÍ@ 3AõJH 8A ’A9A JF êUJ J’'@U A(@HA Q @x—J
FA)’ ’J —)’/U'Jt /HJ)@ êUJ ’J J’'UÉ9A FA)’y â@/L wA’’A wJ9A ’A9A —@’ FQ—)/@’ J A OHA
s J’'\ 9Jx—@ @ 'JFA êUJ x@’ 3)/@U —A FAx&Í w@HêUJ xÍ@ Q xJx&UF F)’'QH)@ ’A.JH
@U xÍ@ ’A.JHy Q A(AHHAH UFA /A—J)HA w@H mu F)xU'@’ J JH @ 'JFA —@ wA/)Jx'J 5
F@—J9@ —J wA’’A(JF —J ’A9A êUJ 5 'JF JF FJx'J ’J wAHJ/JH)A A@ êUJ HJ9A'A sA&x
e czfr JF ’JU 'HA.A9&@ ’@.HJ UF FQ—)/@ )x'JHx@y @ AU'@H HJ9A'A êUJt xA’ wA’’A(Jx’
—J ’A9A êUJ wHJ’Jx/)@Ut A )x3@HFAÉÍ@ Q AâA9)A—Ay A )HHJ9JâAx'J Q —J’/AH'A—At J ’A@

7
'@FA—A’ —J/)’WJ’ x@ êUJ /@x/JHxJ ü /@x')xUAÉÍ@ —@’ 'HA'AFJx'@’ -AHA sA&x
e czfC dort A FJ—)/)xA —J ’UA )x3@HFAx'J ’JH)A FA)’ —J wJx’AFJx'@ —@ êUJ —J AÉÍ@ Jt
w@’'JH)@HFJx'Jt —)õ «0AHH­ ô@ )x3@HFAx'Jí FAx'QF UFA @.’JHâAÉÍ@ /@x’'Ax'J ’@.HJ
@’ AwHJx—)õJ’ ’U.@H—)xA—@’Y 6[ J’’A 3HA’J wJHF)'J âJH /@F@ ’Í@ —)3JHJx'J’ @’
F@—J9@’ —J HJ9AÉÍ@ xJ’’J &@’w)'A9 J xA )x’')'U)ÉÍ@ JF 3@/@
gm vF @U'H@’ /A’@’t A wA’’A(JF xÍ@ ’@FJx'J Q â)’'A /@F@ A9(@ êUJ xÍ@ A/HJ’/Jx'At
FA’ êUJ 'AF.QF Jx'@HwJ/J A 'AHJ3A —)\H)At M\ êUJt A@ J’'AH FU)'@ 'JFw@ ëwA’’Ax—@
’A9AÁt ëwJH—JFÁ '@—A A FAx&Í J xÍ@ 'LF 'JFw@ —J HJâJH @’ wA/)Jx'J’ -@H @U'H@ 9A—@t
J‘)’'JF ’A9A’ xA’ êUA)’t wJ9A (HAx—J êUAx')—A—J —J A9Ux@’t A wA’’A(JF ’J J’'Jx—J
—JFA’)A—@y @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ ’J /Ax’AF J J’/AwAFt @ êUJ 'HAõ /@F@ /@x’JêKLx/)A êUJ
xÍ@ /@x&JÉAF '@—@’ @’ wA/)Jx'J’ —A ’A9A /@F@ —JâJH)AF /@x&J/JH
go 2wJ’AH —J êUJ @’ FQ—)/@’ —J’Jxâ@9âJHAF UFA 'JHF)x@9@()A FU)'@ J3)/Aõ wAHA êUJ @
9J)(@ xÍ@ 9@(HJ Jx'Jx—JH @ êUJ —)õJF êUAx—@ J9J’ A’’)F @ —J’JMJFy wAH'J —J’’A
FJ'@—@9@()A —J @/U9'AFJx'@ Q UF U’@ J‘A(JHA—@ —J ’)(9A’ @U —J xJ@9@()’F@’ 4 t
êUJ Ax'J’ —J Jx'HAH xA HJ’)—Lx/)A HJA9)õ@U UF Ax@ —J HJ’)—Lx/)A JF NJ—)/)xA TJHA9
JF 6A9'A ewH@â!x/)A —@ x@H'J —J 2H(Jx')xArt FAH/AâA UFA —)3JHJxÉA —J /@x/JwÉÍ@ —A
ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9AÁ Jx'HJ @’ —@)’ &@’w)'A)’y ’UA 'HAMJ'[H)A 9&J wJHF)')U 'JH UF w@x'@
—J /@FwAHAÉÍ@ Jx'HJ A’ wA’’A(Jx’ —J ’A9A JF 6A9'A J A’ —@ wAâ)9&Í@ x@â@C «9\t A’
wA’’A(Jx’ ’Í@ FU)'@ —)3JHJx'J’y xÍ@ ’J 3AõJF /@F @ wA/)Jx'Jt /@)’A êUJ FJ wAHJ/J
FA9t w@HêUJ â@/L xÍ@ ’A.J —J êUJ wA/)Jx'J J’'Í@ 3A9Ax—@ vF UFA ’A9A ü wAH'Jt /A—A
UF wA’’AâA ’JU’ wA/)Jx'J’ J A! 9&J —)õ)AFC âAF@’ FU—AH )’'@ @U AêU)9@ e r FA’ J9J’
')x&AF A )—Q)A —J êUJ xÍ@ Q /@xâJx)Jx'J êUJ @ wA/)Jx'J J’/U'A’’J 'U—@ @ êUJ ’J 3A9A
—J9J 4HJ)@ êUJ 'JF —J ’JH /@F @ wA/)Jx'Jt FA’t w@H @U'H@ 9A—@t UFA wA/)Jx'J /@F@
s t êUJ wJH(Ux'A 'U—@ J êUJ FAxJMA 'U—@Y
gg v’’A FU—AxÉA xA )Fw@H'Xx/)A êUJ ’J —\ ü’ wA’’A(Jx’ —J ’A9A xÍ@ wA’’A —J’wJH/Ji
.)—A wAHA @’ ëFQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J)Á BA9Ax—@ /@F A OHA s t J9A ’J HJ3JH)A ü’ wA’’A(Jx’
—J ’UA ’A9A /@F@ «FJ)@ A.@HHJ/)—A’t wJ9A ’)Fw9J’ HAõÍ@ —J êUJ J’'@U @ —)A '@—@ xA
’A9A J /@x&JÉ@ 'U—@ —A ’A9A e r 2’ wA’’A(Jx’ —J A(@HA ’Í@ —)3JHJx'J’ —AêUJ9A’ —J
êUJ JU wAH')/)wAâA êUAx—@ JHA ë/@x/@HHJx'JÁy A’ êUJ â)â) ’J 3Aõ)AF /@F )FwHJ’’WJ’
—)A(x[’')/A’t —)A(x[’')/@’ wHJ’Ux')â@’ 8Í@ /HJ)@ êUJt xA wA’’A(JF —J ’A9At A
)x'JHâJxÉÍ@ —@ /&J3J 'JF —J ’JH êUJ ’J 9&J )x3@HFJ êUJ UFA wA/)Jx'J 'JF 'UHx@ wAHA
'A9 —)At J xÍ@ 'JF wAHA @U'H@y A 3UxÉÍ@ âA) FA)’ A9QF e r FA’ A’ ’J(U)F@’ 3AõJx—@
wAHA )x3@HFAH A@’ FQ—)/@’ êUJ xÍ@ J’'Í@ wHJ’Jx'J’ '@—@’ @’ —)A’ e r J 'AF.QF Q
wAHA êUJ 3)êUJ @ /@’'UFJY
gf 4@F @ A3A’'AFJx'@ —@ JêU)9!.H)@t @ êUJ ’J @.'QF «Q UF /@Fw@H'AFJx'@ @H—JxA—@
—J UF x@â@ ')w@t A J’'HU'UHA —)’’)wA')âAC UF HJ()FJ /AHA/'JH)õA—@ w@H HUw'UHA —A
’)FJ'H)At Fè9')w9A’ J’/@9&A’ J /@HHJ9AÉWJ’ —J UF A9/Ax/J FA/H@’/[w)/@Y e8)/@9)’ a
-H)(@()xJt czcC fr

8
o
a O.TgHD ,UTxóO xó'ó .Qg'g

Sc te C f OHtn B O S a c âegeO O BntetO

OHAFA vP st

s Q UFA wA/)Jx'J —J FJ)A )—A—Jt FÍJ —J /)x/@ 3)9&@’ eA /AÉU9A JHA HJ/QFi
xA’/)—A x@ F@FJx'@ —J ’UA )x'JHxAÉÍ@rt Jt êUAx—@ /@FJ/J) @ 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@t
M\ J’'AâA )x'JHxA—A vHA /@x&J/)—A w@H '@—@’ J A /&AFAâAF wJ9@ x@FJ e@ êUJ
’U(JH)A êUJ ’JU wJH!@—@ —J )x'JHxAÉÍ@ JHA 9@x(@r s JHA UFA FU9&JH ’UFAFJx'J
)x'J9)(Jx'J J FU)'@ @.’JHâA—@HAy w@H )’’@t J’'AâA A wAH —J '@—@ @ —J’Jxâ@9â)FJx'@
—J ’UA —@JxÉAt /@x&J/)A A’ —@’J’ —@’ FJ—)/AFJx'@’ êUJ '@FAâA Jt w@H wHJ’'AH
A'JxÉÍ@ A@ êUJ @’ FQ—)/@’ —)õ)AF ’@.HJ J9At /@x&J/)A A’ w@’’).)9)—A—J’ 'JHAwLU')i
/A’ A)x—A xÍ@ J‘wJH)FJx'A—A’
5’ ’)x'@FA’ 'HAõ)—@’ w@H J9A ü /@x’U9'A )x)/)A9 JHAFC —J.)9)—A—J FU’/U9AH
JF '@—@ @ /@Hw@ i êUJ A &Aâ)A wH@’'HA—@ xA /AFA x@’ è9')F@’ FJ’J’ —A (HAâ)—Jõ
i t &)wJH'Jx’Í@ J A’FA 8A wH)FJ)HA âJõ JF êUJ A â)t xÍ@ w@—)A 9JâAx'AH A /A.JÉA Jt
êUAx—@ 'Jx'AâA 9JâAx'\i9At ’Jx')A /Ax’AÉ@ —Jw@)’ 6[ /@x’J(U)A JH(UJH A /A.JÉA
—Jw@)’ —J '@FAH @ HJFQ—)@ e ëA wA’')9&AÁt /@F@ J9A @ /&AFAâAr 8@’ F@FJx'@’t
JF êUJ /@x’J(U)A 9JâAx'AHi’J i êUJ A wH)x/!w)@ JHAF FU)'@ w@U/@’ i t ')x&A UF
âA)âQF wJHFAxJx'J wAHA A 3HJx'J
5’ FQ—)/@’ —@ ’JHâ)É@ xÍ@ ')x&AF /JH'JõA —A Jx3JHF)—A—J —J s t FA’
&Aâ)AF ’U(JH)—@ @ —)A(x[’')/@ —J F)A’'Jx)Ay ’J(Ux—@ wA9AâHA’ —A OHA s C «A /9!i
x)/A —AâA wAHA F)A’'Jx)At FA’ 3)õJF@’ @’ J‘AFJ’ xJ9A J —JU 'U—@ xJ(A')â@Y
sAâ)AF /@FJÉA—@ A 9&J —AH UFA —@’J .A)‘A —J FJ—)/AFJx'@ wAHA )H AUi
FJx'Ax—@ A'Q /&J(AH A@’ âA9@HJ’ [')F@’y FA’ J‘)’')At A)x—At A w@’’).)9)—A—J —J
FU—AH —J FJ—)/AFJx'@ J /@FJÉAH A 9&J —AH /@H')/[)—J’ ç’’@ JHAt wAHA 5 t UF 1ot
@ êUJ ')x&AF —J 3AõJH 5 êUJ @’ FQ—)/@’ êUJH)AF JHA âJH A wAH')H —J êUJ —@’J’ s
/@FJÉAâA A FJ9&@HAH v’’A )x/JH'JõA AUFJx'AâA @ —J’J’wJH@ —A wA/)Jx'Jt êUJ

1
wJH/J.)A @’ —)A’ wA’’Ax—@t FA’ ’JF A FJ9&@HA J’wJHA—Ay xÍ@ @.’'Ax'Jt A)x—A
FAx')x&A UFA A')'U—J w@’)')âA
s xÍ@ JHA UFA wA/)Jx'J /@FUFt /@F@ M\ J‘wHJ’’J)t A9QF —)’’@ M\ J’'AâA
)x'JHxA—A &\ 9@x(@ 'JFw@ ç’’@ 3Aõ)A /@F êUJ @’ FQ—)/@’ ')âJ’’JF /@F J9A UF
HJ9A/)@xAFJx'@ FA)’ wH[‘)F@ —@ êUJ /@F @’ —JFA)’ PA9âJõ 'Jx&A ’)—@ A 9@x(A
)x'JHxAÉÍ@ êUJ 3)õJHA /@F êUJ v t A 1ç êUJ A ')x&A /@F@ wA/)Jx'Jt ')âJ’’J —J’Jxi
â@9â)—@ UF ’Jx')FJx'@ J’wJ/)A9 JF HJ9AÉÍ@ A J9Ay w@H )’’@ UF —)A FJ —)’’JC «/@F
s J’'@U FU)'@ Jxâ@9â)—AY A9U—)x—@ A UF /@FwH@F)’’@ wJ’’@A9 êUJt êUAx—@ w@’i
’!âJ9t —JâJ ’JH Jâ)'A—@
-@H ’JH FU)'@ @.’JHâA—@HA J /UH)@’A A HJ’wJ)'@ —@ êUJ wA’’AâA A ’JU HJ—@Ht
x@'@U êUJ &Aâ)A UF ë—@U'@HÁ êUJ xA’ ëwA’’A(Jx’ —J ’A9AÁ ’[ J’/HJâ)A JF UFA
/A—JHxJ'A v’’J ë—@U'@HÁ JHA JU jF —)At A@ Jx'HAH x@ êUAH'@ wAHA 3A9AH /@F v t s
FJ wJH(Ux'@U —)HJ'AFJx'J êUA9 JHA @ 'HA.A9&@ êUJ JU 3Aõ)Ay M\ êUJ ’JFwHJ FJ â)A
Ax@'Ax—@t FA’ xUx/A 3A9Ax—@ xA’ ëwA’’A(Jx’ —J ’A9AÁ 6Jx'J)iFJ JF ’UA /AFA J
3A9AF@’ ’@.HJ @ êUJ JU J’'AâA 3AõJx—@t —J ’UA Jx3JHF)—A—Jt —J ’UA 3AF!9)A OJ’—J
J’’J F@FJx'@t s —J)‘@U —J ’JH UFA wA/)Jx'J êUA9êUJH J wA’’@U A 'JH UF x@FJy
/@xâJH’AF@’ â\H)A’ âJõJ’ J A’’)F ’J(U)At @.’JHâAx—@ —J wJH'@ ’UA Jâ@9UÉÍ@
5.’JHâ@Ui’Jt —J’—J @ /@FJÉ@t @ U’@ —J —)3JHJx'J’ /H)'QH)@’ ’@.HJ @ —)A(i
x[’')/@ J A 3@HFA —J 'HA'AFJx'@ —J s -H)FJ)H@t wJx’AHAF êUJ JHA UFA A'A‘)At
FA’ @’ xJUH@9@()’'A’ xÍ@ /@x/@H—AHAF jF —J9J’ êUJH)A ')HAHi9&J @ ')F@t FA’t
wAHA A OHA s t xÍ@ JHA UFA FJ—)—A A—JêUA—A Jt JF UFA ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9AÁt
—)’’JC «/@F J’'J êUA—H@ xÍ@ â@U 9&J ')HAH @ ')F@ xJF —J .H)x/A—J)HAY I t UF —@’
/&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’t /@x/@H—@U /@F A )—Q)A J A’’)F wH@wk’t AUFJx'AH A —@’J —J
/@H')/[)—J’ A'Q /@x’J(U)H A FJ9&@HA
vx'HJ'Ax'@t s M\ ’A.)A êUJ J‘)’')A A w@’’).)9)—A—J —@ 'HA'AFJx'@ /@F
/@H')/[)—J’t J xÍ@ êUJH)A HJ/J.JH A9'A ’JF J‘wJH)FJx'AH J’’A w@’’).)9)—A—J 7UAxi
—@t —Jw@)’ —J A9(UFA’ ’JFAxA’t /@FJÉAHAF A 9&J —AH @’ /@H')/[)—J’t J9A FAx)3J’i
'@U UFA FJ9&@HA HJ9JâAx'Jy 3@) A’’)F êUJ wA’’@U A ’JH /@FUF âLi9A /AF)x&Ax—@
wJ9@ /@HHJ—@H —@ wAâ)9&Í@ @U ’Jx'A—A xA /AFA
2'Q AêUJ9J F@FJx'@t wJH/J.)Ai’J êUJ xÍ@ &Aâ)A /JH'JõA ’@.HJ @ —)A(x[’')/@t @
êUJ HJwHJ’Jx'AâA wAHA @’ FQ—)/@’ êUJ 'HA'AâAF —J s UFA wHJ@/UwAÉÍ@y JF.@HA xÍ@
')âJ’’J @/@HH)—@ xJx&UFA ’)'UAÉÍ@ —J /@x39)'@ Jx'HJ @’ J9J’ J A wA/)Jx'J NA’ —J’Jx/Ai
—J@Ui’J UF x!âJ9 FA)@H —J 'Jx’Í@ —HAF\')/A JF HJ9AÉÍ@ A@ ë—)A(x[’')/@Á êUAx—@ - t
@U'H@ /&J3J —J HJ’)—Jx'J’t J‘wHJ’’@U ’UA’ —èâ)—A’ JF HJ9AÉÍ@ A@ —)A(x[’')/@ —J F)A’'Jx)A
2 OHA s J @ 4&J3J —J 6JHâ)É@ —J 8JUH@9@()A /@x/@H—AâAF /@F J’’J —)A(x[’')/@t
Jx'HJ'Ax'@t @ /&J3J —J HJ’)—Jx'J’ FAx)3J’'@U ’UA )x/JH'JõA JF UFA ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9A
—A 'AH—JÁ Jt —Jw@)’t 4 t A 1 9t —)’’J êUJt xA âJH—A—Jt A wA/)Jx'J xÍ@ ')x&A F)A’'Jx)A

2
5NgDmó jDUQjET,UjT g .Qgt stc jég 'j mT,,jP

GO ­[Q I-)%6Q ?O& )& -&3IO6QU%ú&) IN&U6I)&­6& iMMMcM ,-)%6Q ?O& É&
­qI) & )& -%\I)d W5UIM &O êU&%Q ?O& P QO6UI êQ%3IÆa NQ)a -%\I ?O&
IU\O)&­6Q3 ÉQê’ 6&) & ÉI)Q3 -%3êO6%Ua )I3 ­[Q I-)%6Q ?O& áI33&) &)
O)I ;O­6I )P-%êI & )& -&3IO6QU%ú&)M G­6[Qa -&áQ%3 É&) O) b ( & )& -%úd
Q(qIa -QO6QUIa ­[Q P O)I )%I36&­%IÆM í33Q P O)I "I(6I -& U&3á&%6QM

-@’'JH)@HFJx'Jt JF UFA wA’’A(JF —J ’A9At A FJ’FA —@U'@HAt HJ3JH)x—@i’J


A@ /A’@ —A wA/)Jx'J sÖ —)õC «'JF@’ '@—A A HJ’)—Lx/)A /@x'HAt w@HêUJ @ OH NJ J JU
—)’’JF@’ êUJ Q UFA F)A’'Jx)A J - —)õ êUJ xÍ@ Q )’’@Y OJw@)’ —A wA’’A(JFt 3A9J)
/@F 5 t @ 1o —A ’A9A xA êUA9 A OHA s JHA A /&J3Jt J J9J FJ —)’’JC

.[Q P ?O& 6&­qI I U&3%-’­ê%I êQ­6UI &(Ia P O) áUQN(&)I ?O& É&) -&
I­6&3a ?O& &O ­[Q É%É&­ê%&% iMMMcM G) \&UI(a Q3 )P-%êQ3 -Q á(I­6&% 6’) I
3&­3I][Q -& ?O& ­43 U&3%-&­6&3 á&­3I)Q3 ?O& &(&3 ­[Q 3& I6OI(%úI)a
­[Q &36O-I)a ?O& "%êIUI) O) áQOêQ áIUI 6U'3a )I3 q' )P-%êQ3 -& á(I­6&%
& )&-%êQ3 -& á(I­6&% idMMcM zI3 %33Q êQ) I 5UIM CM P UF wH@.9JFA —J
—)3JHJxÉA —J —)A(x[’')/@ & ­I-I )I%3 iMMMcM ,êqQ ?O& qQOÉ& O)I 3O3ê&á
6%N%(%-I-& &3á&ê%I(a I á&­3IU ?O& ­43 êU%6%êI)Q3 -&)I3%I-Qh )I3a IQ
êQ­6U'U%Qa ­43 I ÉI(QU%úI)Q3 )O%6:33%)Qa e(H)3@’ FJU’r

2w[’ —@)’ FJ’J’t —Jw@)’ —J wA’’AH ’A9AÁ x@ Aw@’Jx'@ —J s t A@ ’A)Ht ’J(UHJ) ’UA
FÍ@ wAHA /UFwH)FJx'\i9At J J9A FJ —)’’JC «'/&AUt 5/'Aâ)@t .@A ’@H'Jt ’J xÍ@ âJM@
â@/Lt w@HêUJ â@U JF.@HA &@MJY 2wH@‘)FJ)iFJ J —J’JMJ)i9&J FJ9&@HA’ J FU)'A ’@H'J
OJõ —)A’ —Jw@)’t s â@9'@U —@ MJ)'@ êUJ &Aâ)A Jx'HA—@ xA wH)FJ)HA )x'JHxAÉÍ@
2 OHA s —)’’J JF UFA wA’’A(JF —J ’A9AC «xÍ@ ’J) /@F@ )x'JHwHJ'AH A H\w)—A
FJ9&@HA êUJ 'JâJ J A HJ/A!—A .HU’/At FJ —\ AHHJw)@ xA J’w)x&A e r Q3 6UI6I)&­6Q3
-& )%I36&­%I 3[Q -&ê&áê%Q­I­6&3Y e(H)3@’ FJU’r
PA9âJõ wJ9A —)3)/U9—A—J JF )x'JHwHJ'AH A’ FJ9&@HA’ J A’ HJ/A!—A’t 3@) êUJ A
OHA s wJ—)U A@ ’JHâ)É@ —J 6Aè—J NJx'A9 êUJ â)J’’J âJH A wA/)Jx'Jy A HJ9AÉÍ@ —@’
FQ—)/@’ —@ wAâ)9&Í@ /@F A -’)êU)A'H)A Q ’)(x)3)/A')âA w@HêUJ J’'\ FAH/A—A wJ9@
HJ/J)@ J wJ9A )x/@FwHJJx’Í@ 5 HJ/J)@ ’J FAx)3J’'@U JF UFA 3HA’J êUJ A OHA s
U’@U wAHA /@FJx'AH J’’A HJ9AÉÍ@C «3@F@’ AwAx&A—@’ xA’ FA9&A’ —A w’)êU)A'HAY PA9
)x/@FwHJJx’Í@ 3)/@U FAH/A—A w@H UFA ’)'UAÉÍ@ (JHA—A x@ F@FJx'@ JF êUJ —J/)i
—JF —AH UF ëw9A/J.@Á ü wA/)Jx'J wAHA âJH /@F@ HJA()A s ’J )x'JHA —@ ')w@ —J
ëHJFQ—)@Á êUJ 9&J J’'AâA ’Jx—@ F)x)’'HA—@ J FJ —)’’JC «J’'@U '@FAx—@ UF HJFQ—)@
êUJ Q AF)—@ êUJ xÍ@ âA) FJ 3AõJH xA—At FA’ Q wAHA êUJ JU /HJ)A êUJ Q UF HJFQ—)@Y
8@ Jx'Ax'@t —Jw@)’ —J '@FAH @ ëw9A/J.@Á J Ax'J’ —J ’A.JH @ êUJ ')x&A )x(Ji
H)—@t s —)’’J A@’ FQ—)/@’ —A ’A9A J ü w’)êU)A'HA êUJ &Aâ)A FJ9&@HA—@ 2 w’)êU)A'HA

3
9&J —)’’J êUJ JHA UF ëw9A/J.@Á i ’Uw@’'AFJx'J )’'@ —JF@x’'HAâA @ /@Fw@xJx'J
w’)/@’’@F\')/@ —J ’UA Jx3JHF)—A—Jt 'A9âJõ w@H )’’@ 'Jx&AF —)'@ A J9A NA’t wAHA
@’ FQ—)/@’ —@ wAâ)9&Í@t A w’)êU)A'H)A &Aâ)A /@FJ')—@ UF JHH@ A@ Aâ)’AH A wA/)Jx'Jt
M\ êUJ J9A &Aâ)A 3)/A—@ FA)’ —J’/@x3)A—A ç’’@ 9Jâ@U A OHA s A —)õJH êUJC «@
w’)êU)’F@ —J s J’'\ FU—Ax—@t A/&@ êUJ J’'\ /@F UF &@’w)'A9)’F@Y
5 êUJ wHJ'Jx—@ HJ’’A9'AH /@F J’'A wA’’A(JF Q êUJ A’ —UA’ J’wJ/)A9)—A—J’
9)—AF /@F /[—)(@’ —J 'HA'AFJx'@ —)3JHJx'J’ J êUJ xÍ@ ’J @.’JHâAF FJ/Ax)’F@’ —J
AwH@‘)FAÉÍ@ êUJ wJHF)'AF A@’ ë/9!x)/@’Á Jx'Jx—JH A )x'JxÉÍ@ —A ëw’)êU)A'HAÁ A@ —)õJH
A s êUJt xA âJH—A—Jt &Aâ)A '@FA—@ UF w9A/J.@ m 2 w@’)ÉÍ@ —)3JHJx'J —@’ FQ—)/@’ J
A —@’ w’)êU)A'HA’ A HJ’wJ)'@ —@ ëJ3J)'@ w9A/J.@Á J’'\ ’U(JH)x—@ UFA AwH@‘)FAÉÍ@
—)3JHJx/)A9 A@ —UA9)’F@ FA'JH)A9iJ’w)H)'UA9t êUJ —\ 3Ux—AFJx'@ A@ êUJ /&AFJ) ë'Jxi
’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ -AHA @’ w’)êU)A'HA’t êUJ .U’/AF UFA J‘w9)/AÉÍ@ w’)/@’’@F\')/A
—A Jx3JHF)—A—J —J s t J’’J 3OUá(O3 —J J3)/\/)A Q )x3@HFAÉÍ@ e3Aõ —)3JHJxÉAry xÍ@ Q
A’’)F wAHA @’ FQ—)/@’t êUJ .U’/AF /@x’J(U)H A J‘w9)/AÉÍ@ J A FJ9&@HA /@F @
AUFJx'@ —A’ —@’J’ —@’ FJ—)/AFJx'@’
OJw@)’ êUJ s â@9'@U A@ &@’w)'A9t J’'AâA FA9 w@HêUJ wJH/J.)A êUJ @’ FQ—)i
/@’ xÍ@ Jx/@x'HAâAF @ 'HA'AFJx'@ A—JêUA—@y @ ’JU ëFA9iJ’'AHÁ o ’J A(HAâAâA w@Hi
êUJ /@FJÉAHAF A ’UH()Ht Jx'HJ A9(Ux’ —@’ wH@3)’’)@xA)’t w@’'UHA’ J )x'JHJ’’J’
—)3JHJx'J’ A HJ’wJ)'@ —@ /AF)x&@ A ’J(U)Ht A')'U—J êUJ J9A )x'JHwHJ'AâA /@F@ wH@i
—U'@ —A )x’J(UHAxÉA —@’ FQ—)/@’ —)Ax'J —A ’UA Jx3JHF)—A—J 2’’)Ft A9(Ux’ FQ—)i
/@’ /@FJÉAHAF A J‘wHJ’’AH A )—Q)A —J êUJ s xÍ@ —Jâ)A J’'AH )x'JHxA—A w@HêUJ xÍ@
’J(U)A @’ /H)'QH)@’ —J )x'JHxAÉÍ@ Jt w@H'Ax'@t w@—JH)A )H wAHA /A’A g ç’’@ HJwHJ’Jxi
'@U UF /&@êUJ wAHA J9A w@HêUJt xA’ /@x—)ÉWJ’ JF êUJ J’'AâAt xÍ@ w@—)A ’A)H
vx'HJ'Ax'@t xA’ 3J’'A’ —J 3)F —J Ax@ 3@) wAHA /A’Ay x@’ wH)FJ)H@’ —)A’ —J MAxJ)H@
â@9'@U FA9 @U'HA âJõt J 3@) Jx/AF)x&A—A A UF J’wJ/)A9)’'A JF F)A’'Jx)A

b Meve wt ú

P JHA UFA M@âJF FU9&JHt êUJ wJHFAxJ/JU )x'JHxA—A x@ wAâ)9&Í@ êUA’J


'@—@ @ 'JFw@ JF êUJ J’')âJ 3AõJx—@ 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@y F@HHJU Ax'J’ êUJ 'JHF)i
xA’’J A wJ’êU)’A vHA UFA wA/)Jx'J /@F UF ë—)A(x[’')/@ wHJ’UF!âJ9 Á f —J
'@‘@w9A’F@’J J UFA —JFLx/)A @/A’)@xA—A w@H sçG 5’ FQ—)/@’ 'HA'AâAFi9&J A’
)x3J/ÉWJ’ ü FJ—)—A êUJ ’UH()AFt FA’ xÍ@ ')x&AF A /JH'JõA —@ —)A(x[’')/@ -@H
/AU’A —J’’A’ )x3J/ÉWJ’t A wA/)Jx'J wJHFAxJ/)A )’@9A—A JF UF êUAH'@
5 ë—HAFAÁ ’J J‘w9)/)'@U êUAx—@ ã t @ 1ç êUJ A A'Jx—)At J‘wk’t xA ëwA’’A(JF
—J ’A9AÁt êUJt wAHA 'JH A /JH'JõA x@ ë—)A(x[’')/@Át @ FJ9&@H ’JH)A HJA9)õAH UFA wUxÉÍ@
—J /QHJ.H@t M\ êUJt wAHA J9Jt J’’J wAHJ/)\ ’JH @ èx)/@ wH@/J—)FJx'@ /@x/9U’)â@

5
5’ @U'H@’ FQ—)/@’ J HJ’)—Jx'J’ —A ’A9A ’J @wU’JHAF 2 —)’/U’’Í@ ’J —J’Jxi
â@9âJU JF â\H)A’ ëwA’’A(Jx’ —J ’A9AÁ 2 OHA 8Ö A’’)F /@F@ A 1o —A ’A9At xÍ@
J’'AâAF —J A/@H—@ JF 3AõJH @ J’'U—@ w@HêUJ @ /@x’)—JHAâA FU)'@ ë)xâA’)â@Á
NA’t —UHAx'J A J‘w@’)ÉÍ@ —@ wH@.9JFAt UF —@’ FQ—)/@’ —A ’A9At )x/UF.)—@ —J
AwHJ’Jx'AH @ /A’@t @ 3Jõ JF 'JHF@’ FA)’ ë—HAF\')/@’Á -AHA J9Jt HJA9)õAH J’’J
J’'U—@ xÍ@ FU—AH)A JF xA—A @ J’'A—@ —A wA/)Jx'Jt xÍ@ 9&J —AH)A FA)@H ’@.HJâ)—A
xJF FJ9&@HAH)A ’JU J’'A—@ eêUJ JHA wHA')/AFJx'J âJ(J'A')â@ry Jx'Í@t wJH(Ux'AâA
êUA9 ’JH)A @ ’Jx')—@ —J ’J 3AõJH J’'A )x'JHâJxÉÍ@
2x'J’ —J UFA ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9AÁt A OHA 8 wJ—)U A@ 1ç êUJ xÍ@ —)’’J’’J
xA—A A/JH/A —A wUxÉÍ@ wAHA xÍ@ wH@â@/AH /@x39)'@ FA)’ UFA âJõ NA’t @ 'JFA
â@9'@U A AwAHJ/JH 2 1o wJH(Ux'@U A'Q êUJ w@x'@ A .)@w’)A AMU—AH)A A /@x’J(U)H UF
—)A(x[’')/@ FA)’ wHJ/)’@ J @ êUJ FU—AH)A ’A.JH @U xÍ@ @ —)A(x[’')/@t M\ êUJ xÍ@
&Aâ)A A w@’’).)9)—A—J —J /UHA 2 wA/)Jx'J ’JH)A ’U.FJ')—At A’’)Ft A UFA )x'JHâJxi
ÉÍ@ FU)'@ ë)xâA’)âAÁt ’JF êUJ ’J wU—J’’J F@—)3)/AH @ wH@(x[’')/@
1J’@9âJHAFt Jx'Í@t /@x’U9'AH A 3AF!9)A wAHA êUJ J9A —J/)—)’’Jt ’A.Jx—@ êUJ
J‘)’')A J’’A w@’’).)9)—A—J 5 ëFQ—)/@ —J w9Ax'J)Á êUJ ’J @wUx&A FA)’ âJJFJx'Ji
FJx'J —)’’J A@ 1 9C «@ A/A—JF)/)’F@ 'JHF)xAt xA HJA9)—A—Jt xA wH\')/At êUJ —)õ A
â@/L êUJ xÍ@ âA) &AâJH 9U/H@ e r -@H êUJ â@/L xÍ@ /@x’U9'A @ 4@F)'L —J ”')/Ah
-@HêUJ Q UFA êUJ’'Í@ FA)’ 3)9@’[3)/A —@ êUJ FQ—)/AY
2@ ’JH /@x’U9'A—At A 3AF!9)A —J/)—)U xÍ@ AU'@H)õAH )x'JHâJxÉÍ@t w@)’ M\ ’A.)AF
êUJ J9A xÍ@ FJ9&@HAH)A J êUJ )’’@ J’/9AHJ/JH)A ’@FJx'J UFA êUJ’'Í@ A/A—LF)/A
8@ F@FJx'@ —J 3AõJH A Jx'HJâ)’'A /@F @ HJ’)—Jx'J êUJ A A'Jx—)At J9J FJ —)’’J êUJ
A wA/)Jx'J ')x&A F@HH)—@ Ax'J’ —J @ 4@F)'L —J ”')/A ’J wH@xUx/)AH A HJ’wJ)'@

. . 3L D

I JHA UFA (AH@'A M@âJFt —J mp Ax@’y 3@) ü /@x’U9'A /@F —@H x@’ @’’@’ J
wJH—A —J wJ’@ OJw@)’ —@’ J‘AFJ’t /@x’'A'@Ui’J UF 'A‘A .A)‘A —J &JF@(9@.)xA
P@—@’ ’J @H)Jx'AâAF wAHA UF /Xx/JHt FA’ xÍ@ ’A.)AF —J @x—J w@—)A wH@â)H 2
OHA sÖ 3A9Ax—@ UF —)A /@F)(@ J /@F 5 t @ 1o —J ’UA ’A9At —)’’JC «'@—A’ @’
J‘AFJ’ J’'Í@ x@HFA)’t J‘/J'@ A &JF@(9@.)xAy â@/L ’J —\ /@x'A —Q êUJ xÍ@ ’A.Ji
F@’ .JF A /AU’AY vF @U'H@ F@FJx'@t —)’’J A A9(UFA’ A9UxA’C «J’’A (AH@'A ’ O)
áUQN(&)Ia e r xÍ@ ’A.JF@’ Y e(H)3@’ FJU’r
5 FQ'@—@ êUJ ')x&AF wAHA /@FwH@âAH A ’U’wJ)'A JHA HJA9)õAH UFA wUxÉÍ@
—/ /H)’'A )9!A/A i UFA )x'JHâJxÉÍ@ FU)'@ —@9@H@’A J ë)xâA’)âAÁ 7UAx—@ I â@9'@Ut
—Jw@)’ —J 'JHF)xA—A A wUxÉÍ@t A OHA s J 5 J’'AâAF x@ êUAH'@ âJx—@ UFA
HA—)@(HA3)A I ’Jx'@Ui’J xA /AFA J /@FJÉ@U A /&@HAH w@HêUJ &Aâ)A ’Jx')—@ FU)'A
—@H OJ/)—)Ut Jx'Í@t êUJ xÍ@ —J)‘AH)A êUJ 9&J 3)õJ’’JF @U'HA wUxÉÍ@ 5’ —@)’ ’J

6
AwH@‘)FAHAF J /@FJÉAHAF A /@x’@9\i9A J J‘w9)/AHAFi9&J êUJ @ wH@/J—)FJx'@
')x&A ’)—@ xJ/J’’\H)@y FA’ /@x/@H—AâAF êUJt ’J ')âJ’’JF êUJ 3AõLi9@ @U'HA âJõt
9&J —AH)AF AxJ’'J’)A
5 HJ’U9'A—@ —A wUxÉÍ@ xÍ@ 3@) @ J’wJHA—@ 7UAx—@t xUFA ëwA’’A(JF —J
’A9AÁt @’ /&J3J’ wJH(Ux'AHAF A@ 1ç êUJ A A'Jx—)A ’J &Aâ)A Jx/@x'HA—@ /Q9U9A’
A'!w)/A’t J’'J xÍ@ wk—J HJ’w@x—JH w@HêUJ @’ wA'@9@()’'A’ ’[ 9&J —)’’JHAF êUJ JHAF
—)3JHJx/)A—A’ 8AêUJ9J F@FJx'@t /&J(AâA A OHA s t êUJ â)x&A —@ ’JHâ)É@ —J
-A'@9@()At —)õJx—@C «x)x(UQF êUJH —)õJH ’J ’Í@ FA9)(xA’ @U xÍ@Y 2 OHA s HJ’Ui
FJ @ êUJ 3)õJHAF —A ’J(U)x'J 3@HFAC «êUAx—@ 3)õJF@’ A Ax\9)’J x@ M@J9&@ —J9At
UFA /@9J(A FJ —)’’J êUJ w@—)A ’JH UFA 9JU/JF)A @U FJ'\’'A’Jy êUAx—@ xÍ@ @
x@'AF@’ xA /H)’'A )9!A/At FJ —)’’JC ëxÍ@t Q FJ'\’'A’JÁt J A! /@FJÉ@U x@’’A á&U&
\ U %­ I ] [ Q e(H)3@’ FJU’r
OJw@)’ êUJ 3@HAF @’ /&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’ J A —@U'@HAt @ 1ç wJHFAxJ/J /@F
ë’UA wA/)Jx'JÁt J‘w9)/Ax—@ A J9A êUA9 ’JH)A @ wH[‘)F@ wA’’@ eA wUxÉÍ@ —@ J’'JHx@rt J
9&J —)’’JC «/@F â@/Lt 3@F@’ .A’'Ax'J ë)xâA’)â@’Át FA’ 'JF@’ êUJ 3AõLi9@ w@HêUJ
/@F )’’@ êq&\IU&)Q3 I I(\O)I êQ%3Ila '@—@’ J’'AF@’ —J A/@H—@ GJMA .JFt 3Aõ UF
'JFw@ êUJ â@/L J’'\ AêU) J I%­-I ­[Q 6&)Q3 ­I-I ê(IUQY e(H)3@’ FJU’r
8A @U'HA ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9AÁt A OHA s —)’’Jt @9&Ax—@ wAHA A wA/)Jx'JC «I
J’'\ .JFt M\ xÍ@ âAF@’ A(HJ—)i9A FA)’y J’'\ UF w@U/@ —@9@H)—At FA’ /@F A 'HAxi
êK)9)—A—J —J êUJ A AF@’'HA —@ J’'JHx@ ’JHâ)U wAHA @ ë—)A(x[’')/@ÁY
4@F A x@âA wUxÉÍ@t /@x’J(U)HAF /&J(AH A UF —)A(x[’')/@C /Xx/JH —J @H)i
(JF —J’/@x&J/)—A /@F FJ'\’'A’J x@’ @’’@’ O)A’ FA)’ 'AH—Jt J’'AâA ’Jx'A—@ xA
ë’A9A —J J’'AH FQ—)/AÁ /@F A OHA s J A OHA 0 y A wH)FJ)HA FJ —)’’JC «I âA) wAHA
@U'H@ &@’w)'A9t @ FAH)—@ êUJH 9Jâ\i9AY 2 OHA 0 9&J HJ’w@x—JC «3)õJHAF UF 3Aâ@H A
â@/Lt ’J xÍ@t êUAx—@ /@FJÉA’’J A —J’/@FwJx’AH A(@HAt 9&J —\ HA)âAt FA’ 9&J
3)õJHAF UF 3Aâ@HY

e t g MBâH fnte cB c teCf OHtnB

5 ë—)A(x[’')/@Á Q @ @.MJ')â@ /Jx'HA9 —A wH\')/A .)@FQ—)/At Q AêU)9@ wAHA @ êUA9


@ FQ—)/@ 'Jx—J JF ’UA HJ9AÉÍ@ /@F @ Jx3JHF@ v’’J ë—)A(x[’')/@Á ’UH()H\ —J UF
wH@/J’’@ w@H FJ)@ —@ êUA9 ’J 'HA—Uõ)HÍ@ @’ ’)xA)’ J @’ ’)x'@FA’ ë/@x’'HU!—@’Á A
wAH')H —A @.’JHâAÉÍ@ —@ wA/)Jx'Jt xUF 3@HFA'@ —J/9AHA')â@ êUJ HJFJ'J ü’ /A'J(@H)A’
—)A(x@’')/A’ —J UFA J’wJ/)A9)—A—J FQ—)/A OJ’’A 3@HFAt @ 'JHF@ ë—)A(x[’')/@Á ’J
AwHJ’Jx'A /@F —@)’ ’)(x)3)/A—@’C «/@F@ A J‘wHJ’’Í@ —@ êUJ @ FQ—)/@ HJ/@x&J/JU
x@ Jx3JHF@t /@F@ @ MU!õ@ /9!x)/@y J /@F@ A 'Q/x)/A wAHA /&J(AH A J’’A J‘wHJ’’Í@t
/@F@ A AH'J —J —)A(x@’')/AHY eIA)xivx'HA9(@t czgC opdr O)'@ —J @U'HA 3@HFAt @
—)A(x[’')/@ /@F@ HJ’U9'A—@ J /@F@ wH@/J’’@
P@FA—@ /@F@ wH@/J’’@t @ ë—)A(x[’')/@Á /@x’'A —J —UA’ J'AwA’ —J3)x)—A’ i
A AxAFxJ’J J @ J‘AFJ 3!’)/@ i êUJ HJwHJ’Jx'AH)AF A /@x’'HUÉÍ@ —@ êUA—H@ êUJ
/@HHJ’w@x—J ü 6JF)@9@()A J A 9@/A9)õAÉÍ@ x@ J’êUJFA (JHA9 —A’ —@JxÉA’ êUJ
/@HHJ’w@x—J ü 49!x)/A vF.@HA J’’A’ J'AwA’ ’JMAF '@FA—A’ /@F@ ’U/J’’)âA’t xA
wH\')/A J’'Í@ )x'JH/@xJ/'A—A’t â)’'@ êUJ A’ &)w['J’J’ —)A(x[’')/A’ ’UH(JF —J’—J @
wH)FJ)H@ F@FJx'@ J )x39UJx/)AF A /@9J'A —@’ —A—@’ e4AFAH(@ ãH t ccm.r
v’’A )Fw@H'Xx/)A /Aw)'A9 —@ —)A(x[’')/@ xA wH\')/A FQ—)/A w@—J ’JH A'J’'Ai
—A x@’ HJ9A'@’ —@’ FQ—)/@’ —@ wAâ)9&Í@y xJ’’J ’Jx')—@t A OHA s J‘wHJ’’@UC

f -%I\­436%êQ P Q QN;&6%ÉQ áU%­ê%áI( -I )&-%ê%­I áQU?O&a 3&) &33&


-%I\­436%êQa ÉQê’ 6&) ?O& "Iú&U 6UI6I)&­6Q &)á:U%êQ & ­[Q êO)áU& 3OI
"O­][Q i c , q%36QU%I ê(%­%êI & I NI3&a ?O& êQ­36I -Q %­6&UUQ\I64U%Q &
-Q &0I)& ":3%êQh &a I áIU6%U -%33Qa ÉQê’ "Iú 3OI %)áU&33[Q -%I\­Q36%êIM

5’ FQ—)/@’ /@x/J—JF J’’A âA9@H)õAÉÍ@ J’wJ/)A9 A@ ë—)A(x[’')/@Á w@HêUJ


xJ9J ’J Jx/@x'HAF —Jw@’)'A—A’ A’ J‘wJ/'A')âA’ J J’wJHAxÉA’ —J HJ’@9UÉÍ@ —@ /A’@
J‘w@’'@ wJ9@ wA/)Jx'J 2 âA9@H)õAÉÍ@ 3Aõ /@F êUJ @ wH@/J’’@ —J —)A(x[’')/@ ’J
'@FJ @ 3@/@ —J )x'JHAÉÍ@ ’@/)A9 x@ êUA9 A )HHUwÉÍ@ —J /@x39)'@’ J 'Jx’WJ’ Jx/@x'HA
UFA J‘w9)/)'AÉÍ@ FA)@H 7UAx—@ ’J HJ9A/)@xA @ ë—)A(x[’')/@Á ü )HHUwÉÍ@ —J 'Jxi
’WJ’t )’'@ Q 3J)'@ x@ ’Jx')—@ —J UFA HUw'UHA —A’ HJ9AÉWJ’ &AHFkx)/A’t êUJ w@—J
'@FAH —)3JHJx'J’ 3@HFA’ Jt A@ FJ’F@ 'JFw@t x@ ’Jx')—@ —J êUJ @ ë—)A(x[’')/@Á âA)
w@’’).)9)'AH A J‘wHJ’’Í@ —A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁt J’’Jx/)A9 x@ /UFwH)FJx'@ —@’
@.MJ')â@’ —A ë.)@FJ—)/)xAÁ
2Fw9)Ax—@ A 9)x&A —J wJx’AFJx'@ —J PUHxJH e ccuC mmrt /@x’)—JH@ @ ë—)A(i
x[’')/@Á /@F@ @ ë’!F.@9@ —@F)xAx'JÁ —J UF wH@/J’’@ ’@/)A9 H)'UA9)õA—@ -AHA @
AU'@Ht @’ HJ3JH)—@’ ’!F.@9@’ ’Í@ «/@xMUx'@’ —J âA9@HJ’ /@x’)—JHA—@’ 3)x’ JF ’)
FJ’F@’t êUJH —)õJHt âA9@HJ’ A‘)@F\')/@’Y 2@ /@x’)—JHAH /@F@ ë’!F.@9@ —@F)i
xAx'J @ —)A(x[’')/@ t w@—Ji’J A’’)xA9AH xJ9J —@)’ w[9@’ —J ’Jx')—@t x@’ êUA)’ ’J
A(HUwAF @’ —)3JHJx'J’ ’)(x)3)/A—@’ /@x—Jx’A—@’ xJ’’J ’!F.@9@C UF w[9@ )—J@9[()i
/@ J @ @U'H@ w[9@ ’Jx’@H)A9 -AHA A ’)F.@9@()A 8—JF.Ut PUHxJH /@9@/A x@ wH)FJ)H@
w[9@ @’ ’)(x)3)/A—@’ HJ9A/)@xA—@’ ü’ x@HFA’ J âA9@HJ’ êUJ ’J HJ3JHJF A /@Fw@i
xJx'J’ —J @H—JF F@HA9 J ’@/)A9 )xJHJx'J’ ü’ HJ9AÉWJ’ J’'HU'UHA)’y JxêUAx'@t x@
w[9@ ’Jx’@H)A9t ’J 9@/A9)õAH)AF @’ ’)(x)3)/A—@’ HJ9A/)@xA—@’ A@’ 3JxkFJx@’ J wH@i
/J’’@’ xA'UHA)’ J 3)’)@9[()/@’t êUJ wH@â@/AH)AF —J’JM@’ J ’Jx')FJx'@’ d
v’'A.J9J/Jx—@ A’ —)3JHJxÉA’ Jx'HJ @’ w[9@’ x@ ë—)A(x[’')/@Át w@—Ji’J —)õJH
êUJ x@ )—J@9[()/@t Jx/@x'HAFi’J @’ 'JFA’ HJ3JHJx'J’ ü’ 'Q/x)/A’ J A@ ’A.JH

0
.)@FQ—)/@y Jt x@ ’Jx’@H)A9t AêUJ9J’ ’Jx')FJx'@’bJ —J’JM@’ êUJ ’J A’’@/)AF A J’’A’
'Q/x)/A’ J A J’’J ’A.JH P@FAx—@i’J /@Hx@ J‘JFw9@ A 'Q/x)/A —J wUxÉÍ@t x@ w[9@
)—J@9[()/@t J9A HJwHJ’Jx'AH)A @ FQ'@—@ —)A(x[’')/@ A—JêUA—@ wAHA —J'JHF)xA—A’
wA'@9@()A’y FA’t x@ w[9@ ’Jx’@H)A9t /@9@/AH)A JF 3@/@ @ 'JFA —A ë)xâA’)â)—A—JÁ p
2@ HJ—@H —J /A—A ë’!F.@9@ —@F)xAx'JÁt âA) ’J —J’Jxâ@9âJH A AÉÍ@ /&AFA—A
—J ë—HAFA ’@/)A9Á i w@HêUJ A’’)xA9AF F@FJ))'@’ —J /@x39)'@’ @U —J 'Jx’Í@ ’@/)A9
8@’ ë—HAFA’ ’@/)A)’Át Jx/@x'HAi’J UFA ’JêKLx/)A )x'JHA')âA êUJ )x/9U) A HUw'UHA
—A’ HJ9AÉWJ’ &AHFkx)/A’t UFA J’/A9A—A —A /H)’J A'Q Jx/@x'HAH UFA 9)x&A —J /9)âA(JF
JF UF /@xMUx'@ —J HJ9AÉWJ’ FA)’ AFw9A’y UFA 3A’J —J FJ/Ax)’F@’ HJwAHA—@HJ’ Jt
A)x—At UFA 3A’J 3)xA9 —J HJ)x'J(HAÉÍ@ 5’ FJ/Ax)’F@’ HJwAHA—@HJ’ w@—JF AwHJi
’Jx'AH /AHA/'JH!’')/A’ 3@HFA)’ @U )x3@HFA)’t )x’')'U/)@xA9)õA—@’ @U xÍ@t x@’ êUA)’
Jx'HAF JF M@(@ @’ FJF.H@’ HJwHJ’Jx'A')â@’ —A’ /A'J(@H)A’ JF /@x39)'@ 8@’
ë—HAFA’ ’@/)A)’Át êUJ wWJF @’ —)’')x'@’ A(Jx'J’ ’@/)A)’ JF /@FwJ')ÉÍ@t @’ 3)x’ J
’)(x)3)/A—@’ ’Í@ /@9@/A—@’ JF wH@/J’’@’ )x'JH—JwJx—Jx'J’ —J HJ’’)(x)3)/AÉÍ@
-AHA PUHxJH e czuC gzrt @ ë—HAFA ’@/)A9Á Q «UFA 3@HFA wH@/J’’UA9 êUA’J
Ux)âJH’A9 J HJwHJ’Jx'A UF —J’A3)@ wJHwQ'U@ wAHA '@—A’ A’ A’w)HAÉWJ’ —J wJH3J)ÉÍ@ xA’
@H(Ax)õAÉWJ’ w@9!')/A’ J ’@/)A)’Yy A êUA’J Ux)âJH’A9)—A—J J’'\ —A—A w@HêUJt wAHA @
AU'@Ht J’’A J’'HU'UHA wH@/J’’UA9 w@—J ’JH )’@9A—A JF '@—@’ @’ x!âJ)’ —J J’/A9A J
/@Fw9J‘)—A—J x@ J’'U—@ —A’ ’@/)J—A—J’ NA’t JF.@HA U')9)õJFi’J @’ —J’Jxâ@9â)i
FJx'@’ 'J[H)/@’ —J PUHxJHt xÍ@ ’J w@—J —J)‘AH —J x@'AH A /H!')/A —J TJJH'õ e ccgr
3J)'A ü’ —)’')x'A’ /@x’JêKLx/)A’ ’@.HJ A â)—A ’@/)A9t @/A’)@xA—A wJ9@’ —)3JHJx'J’
/@x'Jè—@’ )F.U!—@’ xJ’’J’ ë’@/)A9 —HAFA’Á J’'HU'UHA9FJx'J ’)F)9AHJ’
G@9'Ax—@ A@’ ë’@/)A9 —HAFA’Á êUJ '@FJ) /@F@ J‘JFw9@’ wAHA—)(F\')/@’t @.i
’JHâAi’J êUJt JF '@—@’ J9J’t @ 3@/@ —A )x'JHAÉÍ@ Q UF ë—)A(x[’')/@Áy @Ut FJ9&@H
—)õJx—@t @ 3@/@ Q A —èâ)—A A/JH/A —@ ë—)A(x[’')/@Á —J 'A9 @U êUA9 wA/)Jx'Jt A@ HJ—@H —@
êUA9 âÍ@ ’J /@x’')'U)x—@ A’ )x'JHAÉWJ’ xA’ êUA)’ @’ —)’')x'@’ A(Jx'J’ âÍ@ '@FAx—@
w@’)ÉWJ’t —Ax—@ 9U(AH ü FAx)3J’'AÉÍ@ —A’ 'Jx’WJ’ êUJ /@x3)(UHAF @’ ë’@/)A9 —HAFA’Á
O@ FJ’F@ F@—@t J’’J ë—)A(x[’')/@Á HJFJ'J x@âAFJx'J ü ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ
w@HêUJt ’Jx—@ J9J @ A’wJ/'@ FA)’ âA9@H)õA—@ —A wH\')/A .)@FQ—)/At JF ’UA J‘w9)/)'AÉÍ@t
@ w[9@ ’Jx’@H)A9 eêUJ Ax'JH)@HFJx'J —)’')x(U) MUx'@ /@F @ w[9@ )—J@9[()/@ /@F@
/@Fw@xJx'J’ —@ ë—)A(x[’')/@Æc 3)/A HJ9J(A—@ ^êU)9@ êUJ A9U—J ü’ —èâ)—A’t A@’ ’Jxi
')FJx'@’t ü’ J‘wJH)FJx'AÉWJ’ J A@’ JHH]’ x@’ 'HA'AFJx'@’ i A@’ ëxÍ@ ’A.JF.’Á @U
A@’ ëxÍ@ w@—JF@’ J‘w9)/AHÁ i 'K—@ )’’@ êUJ 3A9A —A wJ’’@A —@ FQ—)/@ J —@ wA/)Jx'J
xÍ@ 'JF 9U(AH x@ ë—)A(x[’')/@Á /@F@ HJ’U9'A—@ v’'J âA) HJFJ'JH A UFA ')w@9@()A JF
êUJ A’ /A'J(@H)A’ —J 'JFw@ J 9U(AH xÍ@ 'LF ;’wAÉ@y /@F )’’@t @ êUJ ’J ’U.J’')FA Q
A 9@/A9)õAÉÍ@ —J’’J —)A(x[’')/@ xA ’)'UAÉÍ@ /@x/HJ'A

07
8@ —HAFA t @ /@x39)'@ ’J FAx)3J’'A wJ9A’ —)3JHJx'J’ w@’)ÉWJ’ '@FA—A’ wJ9A
OHA s J w@H UF —@’ /&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’ A HJ’wJ)'@ —@ —)A(x[’')/@ v’’A’ —)3Ji
HJxÉA’ HAw)—AFJx'J wA’’AHAF A ëHJ’’)(x)3!/AHÁ UF âJ9&@ Jx3HJx'AFJx'@ Jx'HJ A’
/A'J(@H)A’ —J ëFQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J)Á J ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á 2 J‘w9)/)'AÉÍ@ —J’’J ë—HAFA
’@/)A9Á z Q @/A’)@xA—A wJ9A ’JwAHAÉÍ@ J‘)’'Jx'J Jx'HJ A’ —UA’ /A'J(@H)A’ êUJ ’J
FAx)3J’'AF xA HJA9)õAÉÍ@ —A’ —UA’ ëwA’’A(Jx’ —J ’A9AÁt A —A FAx&Ít /@F @’ ëFQi
—)/@’ —@ w9Ax'J)Át J A —A 'AH—Jt ’[ /@F @’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á 8A wA’’A(JF —J ’A9A —A
FAx&Ít A —èâ)—A J’'AâA 9JâAx'A—Ay 'U—@ /@x—Uõ)A JF —)HJÉÍ@ A UF —)A(x[’')/@
eF)A’'Jx)Art FA’ @’ HJ’U9'A—@’ —@’ J‘AFJ’ xÍ@ @ /@FwH@âAâAFy w@H @U'H@ 9A—@t
s FJ9&@HAâA J w)@HAâA ’JF êUJ @’ FQ—)/@’ wU—J’’JF J‘w9)/AH A /AU’A
NA’ A —èâ)—A ’@.HJ @ —)A(x[’')/@ xÍ@ 'JH)A 9JâA—@ A@ —J’Jx/A—JAFJx'@ —@
Ax')(@ /@x39)'@ Jx'HJ A’ /A'J(@H)A’ ’J xÍ@ 3)õJ’’JF A Ax\9)’J —@ /A’@ —J s xA
ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9A —A 'AH—JÁt M\ êUJ 3@) xJ’’J F@FJx'@ êUJ - t UF —@’ /&J3J’ —J
HJ’)—Jx'J’t FAx)3J’'@U êUJt wAHA J9Jt A Jx3JHF)—A—J —J êUJ ’@3H)A s xÍ@ JHA
F)A’'Jx)A 5 wJ’@ ’)F.[9)/@ êUJ A @w)x)Í@ —J - ')x&A Jx'HJ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ 3Jõ /@F
êUJ ’UA @w)x)Í@ 3@’’J A/J)'A w@H J9J’ Jt w@’'JH)@HFJx'Jt v A /@FUx)/@U ü OHA s
5 /@x39)'@ 3)/A J‘w9!/)'@t FA’t /@F@ xÍ@ J‘)’'JF A')'U—J’ wJ’’@A)’ êUJ
.U’êUJF A /@x3H@x'AÉÍ@t Jâ)'Ai’J êUJ J’’J /@x39)'@ ’J AwH@3Ux—J A'Q x!âJ)’ x@’
êUA)’ UFA 3HA'UHA ’JMA )xJâ)'\âJ9 4@x'U—@t Q wJ9A )x'H@F)’’Í@ —J’’A’ A')'U—J’ wJ’i
’@A)’ êUJ @’ ë—HAFA’Á ’J —J’Jx/A—J)AFy @’ )x—)â!—U@’ wJH'Jx/Jx'J’ A '@—A’ A’
/A'J(@H)A’ /@')—)AxAFJx'J J‘wJH)FJx'AF @ HJ'@F@ —)’’@ êUJ A ë.)@FJ—)/)xAÁt —J’—J
@ /@FJÉ@t êU)’ AHH@MAH wAHA 3@HA —J ’JU’ —@F!x)@’C A wJ’’@A /@F ’UA /AH(A JF@')âA
vx/@x'HAi’J UF J‘JFw9@ —J’’J HJ'@F@ —A wJ’’@A x@ —HAFA ot êUAx—@ @
1 9t —Jw@)’ —A wA’’A(JFt 3)/A J‘w9)/Ax—@ A I t A Jx3JHFAt @ êUJ 9&J 3Aõ)AF J w@H
êUL ç’'@ xÍ@ ’)(x)3)/A êUJ x@HFA9FJx'J xÍ@ ’J J‘w9)êUJF A@’ Jx3JHF@’ @’ —)’')xi
'@’ 'HA'AFJx'@’t FA’t —Jw@)’ êUJ A wA/)Jx'J wHJ’Jx/)@U J J’/U'@U x@ ëwA’’J —J
’A9AÁ '@—A’ A’ —èâ)—A’ A HJ’wJ)'@ —J ’JU 'HA'AFJx'@t @ 1 9 ’Jx')Ui’J x@ —JâJH —J 9&J
—)õJH A9(UFA /@)’A
2'Q J’'J F@FJx'@ FJ HJ3JH) A@ /@x39)'@ —J’Jx/A—JA—@ Jx'HJ A’ /A'J(@H)A’
wJH'Jx/Jx'J’ A@ wAâ)9&Í@t FA’ @ ë—HAFA ’@/)A9Á 'JâJ 'AF.QF J‘wHJ’’Í@ x@ x!âJ9
—A’ HJ9AÉWJ’ J’'A.J9J/)—A’ Jx'HJ A’ J’wJ/)A9)—A—J’ -@H UF 9A—@t A’ —)3JHJxÉA’ A
HJ’wJ)'@ —@ 'HA'AFJx'@ /@F @’ xJUH@9@()’'A’y Jt w@H @U'H@t A’ —)3JHJxÉA’t êUJ ’Í@
FA)’ wH@3Ux—A’ J ’)(x)3)/A')âA’t /@F @’ w’)êU)A'HA’
5 è9')F@ 3@/@ —J 'Jx’Í@ êUJ A’’)xA9AHJ) Q @ J’'A.J9J/)—@ JF HJ9AÉÍ@ ü wA/)i
Jx'J s t êUJ 3@) êUJF FAx)3J’'@U A FA)@H /AH(A —J JF@')â)—A—J x@ ë—HAFA ’@/)A9Át
M\ êUJ J9A ’J /@9@/A xA’ FÍ@’ —J ’JU’ —@U'@HJ’ J J’wJHA —J9J’ UFA HJ’@9UÉÍ@
H\w)—A wAHA A —@JxÉA c 6@FJx'J êUAx—@ @’ FQ—)/@’ xÍ@ wU—JHAF HJ’w@x—JH ü’

08
J‘wJ/'A')âA’ —J s t Q êUJ J9A /@FJÉ@U A ’Jx')H êUJ &Aâ)A A9(@ x@ 'HA'AFJx'@ êUJ xÍ@
J’'AâA —Ax—@ HJ’U9'A—@ vx'Í@t ’UA /@x—U'A FU—@U /@F A9(Ux’ —@’ FQ—)/@’ —A
’A9A 6@FAi’J A )’’@ @ 3A'@ —J J9A M\ &AâJH J’/U'A—@ êUJ @’ FQ—)/@’ J’'AâAF AâA9)i
Ax—@ A w@’’).)9)—A—J —J êUJ 3@’’J wAHA /A’A @U Jx/AF)x&A—A A A9(UF J’wJ/)A9)’'A
v’’A wHJ—)’w@’)ÉÍ@ wAHA Jâ)'AH UF /@x39)'@ FA)@Ht êUJ ’J x@'A x@’ ëFQ—)/@’
—J w9Ax'J)Á J x@’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á —A ’A9At 3Aõ /@F êUJ xÍ@ ’JMAF xJ/J’’\H)@’ FJ/Ax)’i
F@’ J‘'JHx@’ @U 3@HFA9FJx'J J’'HU'UHA—@’ wAHA ’UwJHAH A’ 'Jx’WJ’ —J’Jx/A—JA—A’
x@ ë—HAFA ’@/)A9Át HAõÍ@ wJ9A êUA9 A’ —)’/U’’WJ’ xA ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9A —A FAx&ÍÁ
J A’ /@x’U9'A’ )x3@HFA)’ x@’ /@HHJ—@HJ’ @3JHJ/JF UF J’wAÉ@ J UF 'JFw@ ’U3)/)i
Jx'J’ wAHA —)F)xU!i9A’
8@ —HAFA mt A ’)'UAÉÍ@ Q ’)F)9AH ü Ax'JH)@H wJ9@ 3A'@ —J J’'AH /Jx'HA—A JF
'@F@ —J UFA —èâ)—A êUAx'@ A@ ë—)A(x[’')/@Áy FA’ A —)3JHJxÉA ’J J’'A.J9J/J w@Hi
êUJ ’Í@ xJ/J’’\H)@’ @U'H@’ FJ/Ax)’F@’ 3@HFA)’ wAHA HJ’@9âJH @ ë—HAFA ’@/)A9Á
v’'J ’J —J’Jx/A—J)A /@F @ )x'JH/XF.)@ —J @w)x)WJ’ Jx'HJ @ HJ’)—Jx'J êUJ 'HA'AâA A
wA/)Jx'J J @’ —JFA)’ FQ—)/@’ —A ’A9At JF HJ9AÉÍ@ A êUJ wH@/J—)FJx'@’ A—@'AH wAHA
/&J(AH A @ ë—)A(x[’')/@Á wHJ/)’@
v’’J ë—HAFA ’@/)A9Á ’J —J’Jxâ@9âJt x@ /@FJÉ@t ’@FJx'J xA’ ëwA’’A(Jx’ —J
’A9A —A FAx&ÍÁt —UHAx'J A 3A’J xA êUA9 A—êU)HJ FA)@H )x'Jx’)—A—Jy J9J xÍ@ 3@)
'HA'A—@ xA’ ëwA’’A(Jx’ —J ’A9A —A 'AH—JÁ NA’t â)’'@ êUJ A —)3JHJxÉA wJH’)’')A J êUJ
@ —)9JFA J‘)()A UFA —J/)’Í@ êUJ U9'HAwA’’AâA @’ 9)F)'J’ —@ 'Q/x)/@t wAHA —)H)F)H @
/@x39)'@t wWJFi’J JF M@(@ @U'H@’ FJ/Ax)’F@’ 3@HFA)’ êUJ @wJHAF /@F@
—)’’)wA—@HJ’ —J 'Jx’Í@t /@F@ Q @ /A’@ —@ 4@F)'L —J ”')/A —@ &@’w)'A9 .JF /@F@
A /@x’U9'A ü 3AF!9)At M\ êUJ @’ FQ—)/@’ xÍ@ w@—JF '@FAH ’@õ)x&@’ UFA —J/)’Í@
êUJ ’J AwHJ’Jx'AâA /@F@ /@x39)'Ax'J
5U'HA /AHA/'JH!’')/A J’wJ/!3)/A —J’’J ë—HAFA ’@/)A9Á Q êUJ xÍ@ Jx'HAF JF
M@(@ @’ A(Jx'J’ /@F@ HJwHJ’Jx'Ax'J’ —A’ /A'J(@H)A’ —J ëFQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J)Á J —J
ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Át M\ êUJ A’ w@’)ÉWJ’ êUJ /A—A UF A—@'A J’'\ 3Ux—AFJx'A—A AwJxA’ JF
UFA @w)x)Í@ wJ’’@A9 29QF —)’’@t xJ’’J —HAFAt xÍ@ wAH')/)wAHAF '@—@’ @’ A(Jx'J’
êUJ U’UA9FJx'J JF)'JF @w)x)Í@t M\ êUJ â\H)@’ —@’ 1ç ’J FAx')âJHAF /A9A—@’ x@
F@FJx'@ JF êUJ A’ 'Jx’WJ’ A9/AxÉAâAF @’ x!âJ)’ FA)’ A9'@’t —J F@—@ êUJ ’@i
FJx'J )x'JHâ)x&AF @ 1ç êUJ 'HA'AâA A wA/)Jx'Jt ’JU 1o J @’ ëFQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J)Á
wHJ’Jx'J’ 2 ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ AêU) ’J F@’'HA /9AHAFJx'J xA @w@’)ÉÍ@ Jx'HJ @
A/A—LF)/@t êUJ J‘)(J A )x'JHâJxÉÍ@ wAHA ë/&J(AHÁ A@ ë—)A(x[’')/@Át J @’ A’wJ/'@’
Q')/@i3)9@’[3)/@’ )x/9U!—@’ xA '@FA—A —J —J/)’Í@
5 /A’@ —J I t @ —HAFA ot HJFJ'J ü —A 'Jx’Í@ —J’Jx/A—JA—A wJ9A —èâ)—A êUJ
wJH’)’'J ’@.HJ @ ë—)A(x[’')/@Át AwJ’AH —@’ J’'U—@’ HJA9)õA—@’y Q w@H )’’@ êUJ A
—@Jx'J ’J /@xâJH'J JF UFA ëwA/)Jx'J wH@.9JFAÁ 2 wA/)Jx'J JHA UF ëwH@.9JFAÁ

09
w@HêUJ /@9@/AâA @’ FQ—)/@’ 3HJx'J A UFA 3A9&A —J ’JU ’A.JHy J Q J’’J ëxÍ@i’A.JHÁt
J’’A 3A9'A —J /JH'JõA —)Ax'J —A’ —JFAx—A’ —J I t êUJ @3JHJ/J A’ /@x—)ÉWJ’ wAHA
êUJ ’J —J’Jx/A—J)J @ —HAFA
v’’J ë—HAFA ’@/)A9Á ’J —J’Jxâ@9âJ JF —@)’ F@FJx'@’ —)3JHJx'J’y xA’ ëwA’i
’A(Jx’ —J ’A9A —A FAx&ÍÁ J xA’ /@x’U9'A’ )x'JH—)’/)w9)xAHJ’ HJA9)õA—A’ /@F @’
@U'H@’ J’wJ/)A9)’'A’ êUJ 3AõJF A’ wUxÉWJ’ 5 —HAFA xÍ@ /@x—Uõ A J’/A9A—A’ —J
'Jx’Í@ J‘w9!/)'A’t FA’ ’)F JF UF x!âJ9 —J 'Jx’Í@ wJHFAxJx'Jt êUJ ’[ JF —J'JHF)i
xA—@’ F@FJx'@’ ’J FAx)3J’'Ay UF —J9J’ Q A wA’’A(JF HJ9A'A—At JF êUJ I â@9'A —A
)x'JHâJxÉÍ@ v’’J’ F@FJx'@’ ’Í@ AêUJ9J’ x@’ êUA)’ @’ FQ—)/@’ 'LF —J ë—)õJH
A9(@Át FA’ xÍ@ ’A.JF @ êULt w@HêUJ «A)x—A xÍ@ 'JF@’ A9(@ /9AH@Yt /@F@ J‘wHJ’i
’@U @ HJ’)—Jx'J Jx/AHHJ(A—@ —@ 'HA'AFJx'@
5U'H@ F@FJx'@ i J 'A9âJõ @x—J @ —HAFA FA)’ ’J J‘w9)/)'@U i 3@) x@ ëwA’’J
—J ’A9AÁ JF êUJ @’ /&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’ 3)õJHAF A@ 1ç êUJ 'HA'AâA A wA/)Jx'J
wH@'A(@x)’'A —@ —HAFAy J’’A FAx)3J’'AÉÍ@ —A 'Jx’Í@ ’J —JU w@H â\H)A’ HAõWJ’t
wH)FJ)HAFJx'Jt A@ 9&J wJ—)HJF —J3)x)ÉWJ’ êUJ J9J xÍ@ ')x&A w@HêUJ @’ @U'H@’ J’wJi
/)A9)’'A’ xÍ@ A’ —AâAFt JF ’J(Ux—@ 9U(AHt w@HêUJ @ ëwA’’J —J ’A9AÁ —J á&U 3&
HJwHJ’Jx'A UF F@FJx'@ —J 'Jx’Í@ wAHA @’ 1ç Jt 3)xA9FJx'Jt w@HêUJ xJ’’J /A’@ @
wA’’J —J ’A9A 3@) HJA9)õA—@ x@ êUAH'@ /@F A wHJ’JxÉA —A wA/)Jx'Jt F@')â@ wJ9@ êUA9
I t A wA/)Jx'Jt wk—J wJH/J.JH êUJ ’JU 'HA'AF Jx'@ AwHJ’Jx'AâA —èâ)—A’ J
/@x'HAFAH/&A’ u
2 ë/&J(A—AÁ A UF ë—)A(x[’')/@Á )Fw9)/@U UFA —)F)xU)ÉÍ@ —A 'Jx’Í@ —@ w@x'@
—J â)’'A —@’ FQ—)/@’t FA’ xÍ@ 3@) A’’)F xA wJH’wJ/')âA —A 3AF!9)A —@ wA/)Jx'Jt @
êUJ @/A’)@x@U A FU—AxÉA wAHA @U'H@ &@’w)'A9

e M â a f c a f c B B O e ê a â p Mâ B HB nB sB O a esCBâtHg BO

OJ’'AêUJ) Ax'JH)@HFJx'J A )Fw@H'Xx/)A —@ ë—)A(x[’')/@Á xA wH\')/A —A


ë.)@FJ—)/)xAÁy FA’t @’ M@âJx’ HJ/QFi(HA—UA—@’t wAHA /@x’J(U)HJF /@x’'HU)H J’i
’J’ ë—)A(x[’')/@’Át 'LF —J wA’’AH w@H UF wH@/J’’@ —J AwHJx—)õA(JFt x@ êUA9
A—êU)HJF @ qIN%6O3 wH@3)’’)@xA9 xJ/J’’\H)@ wAHA /@x’'HU!i9@’ 5 êUJ /@xêU)’'AF
xJ’’J wH@/J’’@ Q UF —@’ w[9@’ —A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁC @ —@ ë’A.JHÁy wAHA )’'@
'LF —J AwHJx—JH A 9)—AH /@F —)HJ'H)õJ’ —@’ 'HA'AFJx'@’t /@F@ ’Í@ @’ wH@'@/@9@’ J
@’ A9(@H)'F@’
0A’õAx(JH e czor ’U’'Jx'A êUJt x@ -&NO6 wH@3)’’)@xA9 i J'AwA êUJ J9A /&AFA
—J @H(Ax)õAÉÍ@ /@x/J)'UA) i t @’ FQ—)/@’ M@âJx’ /@x’'HU)H)AF A')âAFJx'J A9(Ux’
’)’'JFA’ —J /A'J(@H)A’ J x@ÉWJ’ êUJ /@x’')'UJF UF êUA—H@ —J 9J)'UHA A'HAâQ’ —@

01
êUA9 AwHJx—JF ’@.HJ —@JxÉA J Jx3JHF@’ Jt 'AF.QFt A @H(Ax)õAH ’UA’ )x'JHâJxÉWJ’
'JHAwLU')/A’ -AHA /@x’'HU)H J’’J’ ’)’'JFA’ —J /A'J(@H)A’t J9J’ U')9)õAH)AF ’J9J')âAi
FJx'J @ ’A.JH FQ—)/@ Ux)âJH’)'\H)@
2)x—A êUJ @’ J’'U—@’ —J 0A’õAx(JH 'HA'JF —A 3@HFAÉÍ@ —@’ M@âJx’ FQ—)i
/@’ /9!x)/@’ (JHA)’ J êUJ FJU )x'JHJ’’J J’'JMA 3@/A9)õA—@ x@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ —J 49!x)/A
NQ—)/At w@’’@ AH(UFJx'AH êUJ J’’J’ 'AF.QF /@x’'HU)HÍ@ @’ ’)’'JFA’ —J /A'J(@i
H)A’ J x@ÉWJ’ êUJ A'UAHÍ@ /@F@ ’)xA9)õA—@HJ’ wAHA A’ )x'JHâJxÉWJ’ 'JHAwLU')/A’ 2
J’’J’ J’êUJFA’ J9J’ ’J HJ3JHJF êUAx—@ J‘wHJ’’AF êUJ @ êUJ .U’/AF Q ’A.JH
«wkHi’J —)Ax'J —@ wA/)Jx'JY
2wJ’AH —J '@—@’ 'JHJF A wHJ@/UwAÉÍ@ —J /@x’'HU)H J’’J’ êUA—H@’ —J 9J)'UHAt
@ U’@ J A âA9@H)õAÉÍ@ êUJ 3AõJF —@ ’A.JH A—êU)H)—@ xA 3A/U9—A—J âAH)A ’J(Ux—@ A’
—)’')x'A’ ’)'UAÉWJ’ J F@FJx'@’ 2’’)Ft xUF wH)FJ)H@ F@FJx'@t A wAH')H —@ /&@i
êUJ êUJ HJwHJ’Jx'A A ’A!—A —A 3A/U9—A—Jt /@x’)—JHAF êUJ J’’J ’A.JH xÍ@ Q Aw9)/\i
âJ9 ü’ x@âA’ ’)'UAÉWJ’ â)â)—A’ xA HJ’)—Lx/)Ay FA’t w@’'JH)@HFJx'Jt —\i’J UFA
HJâA9@H)õAÉÍ@ w@HêUJt JF.@HA A 3@HFA —J Jx/AHAH @ wA/)Jx'J ’JMA —)3JHJx'Jt J9J’
xÍ@ w@—JH)AF 3AõLi9@ ’J xÍ@ ')âJ’’JF UFA .A’J Ax'JH)@H
2’’)F ’J J‘wHJ’’A -A t UF —@’ /&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’C

G 6I­6I %­"QU)I][Q ?O& êq&\I I ÉQê’ ­I3 áU%)&%UI3 3&)I­I3 ?O& ÉQê’ ­[Q
-' êQ­6I iMMMcM G 6I)I­qI I NU&êqI &­6U& %36Q & I "IêO(-I-&a ?O& ÉQê’ -%úd WQ
?O& &36%É& "Iú&­-QHÆ ,­6&3 -& )& "QU)IUa &O "Iú%I á(I­6■&3 IQ3 -Q)%­\Q3a
-&%0&% 6I­6Q3 -Q)%­\Q3 -& &36IU êQ) )%­qI "I):(%Ia êQ) )%­qI )[&a ?O&
&36IÉI )QUU&­-Qa ‘ &33&3 á(I­6■&3 ­[Q )& 3&UÉ%UI) áIUI ­I-Ih ÉQê’ -%úd
l­I "IêO(-I-&a Q ?O& )& &­3%­IUI)AÆM G33I P I áU%)&%UI %)áU&33[Q ?O& "%êIh
)I3 -&áQ%3 ÉQê’ 3& -' êQ­6I ?O& -& I(\Q 3&UÉ%Oa I%­-I ?O& 6&­qI É%36Q )I(a
QO ?O& ­I "IêO(-I-& ÉQê’ &36O-& O) )Q­6[Q -& êQ%3I3 ?O& ­[Q 3&UÉ&)
áIUI I )&-%ê%­I Iá(%êI-Ia ÉQê’ 6&) ?O& 3IN’ (I3M

OA FJ’FA 3@HFA 4 t /@x'A êUQt A@ )x)/)AH A HJ’)—Lx/)At ’JU wJx’AFJx'@


@’/)9AâA Jx'HJ A/HJ—)'AH êUJ xÍ@ ’A.)A xA—A J @ êUJ ’A.)A xÍ@ w@—)A Aw9)/AH
8J’’J wH@/J’’@ —J AwHJx—)õA(JFt @’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á â)âJF J‘wJH)Lx/)A’ /@F
A’ êUA)’ âÍ@ /@x’'HU)x—@ ’UA ’U.MJ')â)—A—J Jt w@H ’UA âJõt J’’A’ J‘wJH)Lx/)A’
'@FAHÍ@ ’)(x)3)/AÉWJ’ JF HJ9AÉÍ@ ü’ ’UA’ 'HAMJ'[H)A’ wJ’’@A)’ vx'HAF JF M@(@t
Jx'Í@t A’ )—Q)A’ —J FJ—)/)xA êUJ w@’’UJF J A’ 3@HFA’ /@F@ HJ9A/)@xAF @ A3J')â@
/@F @ wH@3)’’)@xA9t êUJH —)õJHt A’ 3@HFA’ wJ9A’ êUA)’ ’J w@’)/)@xAF )x—)â)—UA9i
FJx'J —)Ax'J —A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ
l t UF 1 9t w@H J‘JFw9@t 'JF HJAÉWJ’ —)3JHJx'J’ —A FA)@H)A —@’ @U'H@’
4HJ’/JU JF UF w@â@A—@ wJêUJx@ —A wH@â!x/)Ay A FÍJ JHA Jx3JHFJ)HA Jt /@F@ @
wA) 'HA.A9&AâA @ —)A '@—@t A FÍJ @ 9JâAâA A@ &@’w)'A9 /@F J9AC

02
z& êU%&% ­Q qQ3á%6I(h áQU %33Qa -&3-& á&?O&­Qa \Q36&% -I )&-%ê%­I iMMMcM
f )P-%êQ (' P -%"&U&­6& iMMMca 6’) Q )P-%êQ )I%3 &) êQ­3%-&UI][Q GO
)& -QO êQ­6I I\QUI -& ?O& Q3 áIê%&­6&3 6’) )O%6I êQ­"%I­]Ia êU&%Q ?O&
3& áUQ-Oú O)I U&(I][Q )O%6Q NQI & %33Q %­"(O% ­Q &36I-Q -& °­%)Qh I?O%
)& êI&) &) ê%)I áQU?O& -%ú&) ?O& -QO Q 6&(&"Q­& I 6Q-Q3a )I3 &O 3%­6Q
I33%)h 6&­qQ NQI U&(I][Qa )& 6Q)Q I)%\Q & ;I)I%3 )%­6Q áIUI &(&3M

5 @.MJ')â@ —@’ /&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’ Q )x/U9/AH x@’ FQ—)/@’ HJ/QFi)x(HJ’’A—@’


UFA FJ'@—@9@()A —J 'HA.A9&@ êUJ @’ )FwU9’)@xJ A 'HA.A9&AH —J 3@HFA )(UA9y )’’@ xÍ@
Q @U'HA /@)’A ’JxÍ@ (JHAH qIN%6O3 —J 'HA.A9&@ JF /@x3@HF)—A—J /@F A’ J‘)(Lx/)A’
—A HJ’)—Lx/)A J /@F A’ HJ’'H)ÉWJ’ )Fw@’'A’ wJ9@ &@’w)'A9 v’’J qIN%6O3 âA) /@x—)/)@xAH
A’ —J/)’WJ’ —@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ wAHA êUJ ’UA’ AÉWJ’ ’J HJA9)õJF /@x3@HFJ A’ J’'HU'UHA’
@.MJ')âA’t —J3)x)—A’ wJ9A’ 9)x&A’ —J 3@HÉA’ êUJ HJ)xAF x@ /AFw@t —J F@—@ A Jâ)'AH
/@x—U'A’ êUJ w@—JH)AF ’JH /A'A9@(A—A’ /@F@ AHH)’/A—A’t êUJ ’JH)AF xJ(A')âAFJx'J
’Ax/)@xA—A’ /@F@ )x/@FwA'!âJ)’ /@F A’ /@x—)ÉWJ’ @.MJ')âA’
0@UH—)JU J áA/êUAx' e ccfr ’U(JHJF êUJ A’ @H)Jx'AÉWJ’ —JH)âA—A’ —@
qIN%6O3 w@—JF â)H A/@FwAx&A—A’ —J /\9/U9@’ J’'HA'Q()/@’ —@’ /U’'@’ J .JxJ3!/)i
@’t J êUJ —J'JHF)xA—@’ wJH!@—@’ —J /H)’Jt x@’ êUA)’ ’J wH@—Uõ)H)AF AMU’'J’ xA’
J’'HU'UHA’ @.MJ')âA’t /@x’')'U)H)AF /@xMUx'UHA’ xA’ êUA)’ A J’/@9&A HA/)@xA9 w@—Ji
H)A wHJ—@F)xAHt 3AõJx—@ /@F êUJ A’ —J/)’WJ’ ’JMAF wJx’A—A’ /U)—A—@’AFJx'J
5 wH@.9JFA ’UH(J A wAH')H —@ F@FJx'@ JF êUJ @’ FQ—)/@’ Jx'HAF wAHA A
HJ’)—Lx/)At w@)’ wH@—Uõi’J UFA FU—AxÉA H\w)—A xA’ J’'HU'UHA’ @.MJ')âA’ /@F A’
êUA)’ J’'AâAF &A.)'UA—@’y xA 3A/U9—A—Jt F@')â@ wJ9@ êUA9 @ )x(HJ’’@ ü HJ’)—Lx/)A Q
â)âJx/)A—@ /@F UFA 3@H'J /AH(A —J 'Jx’Í@ êUJ âA) —)F)xU)x—@ ü FJ—)—A êUJ ’J
wH@—Uõ A )x/@Hw@HAÉÍ@ —@ qIN%6O3a JF /@x3@HF)—A—J /@F A’ J’'HU'UHA’ @.MJ')âA’
wHJ—@F)xAx'J’ x@ x@â@ /AFw@
2@ Jx'HAH wAHA A HJ’)—Lx/)At @’ FQ—)/@’ /@FJÉAF KFA AwHJx—)õA(JF êUJ
'JF UFA FJ'@—@9@()A /@Fw9J'AFJx'J —)3JHJx'J —A êUJ ’Q JFwHJ(AâA xA 3A/U9—A—Jy
Q w@H )’’@ êUJ A FU—AxÉA —J UF /üFw@ A @U'H@ HJwHJ’Jx'A UF /&@êUJ 2 AwHJxi
—)õA(JF êUJ /@FJÉAF xA HJ’)—Lx/)A 'JF /@F@ @.MJ')â@ 3AõJH /@F êUJ J9J’ ’A)i
.AF /@F@ wH@/J—JH wAHA —AH )x!/)@ A@ 'HA'AFJx'@ —J UF wA/)Jx'Jy Q A )’’@ @ êUJ
@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ ’J HJ3JHJF /@F@ «’A.JH wkHi’J —)Ax'J —@ wA/)Jx'JY 6J(Ux—@ l C

5&­6UQ -Q qQ3á%6I(a I êQ%3I P 6Q6I()&­6& -%36%­6IMMM ?OI­-Q ÉQê’ áU&36I


O) &0I)&a -%ú ?O& (q& "Iú %36Q & I?O%(Q QO6UQh )I3 -&áQ%3 É&) áIUI Q
qQ3á%6I( & ’J 'HA.A9&A —J @U'HA FAxJ)HAy q' êU%6PU%Q3h áU%)&%UQa 3& á&-&
O)I êQ%3Ia -&áQ%3 QO6UIMMM P êQ)Q O) áUQ6QêQ(Qa &) O) áIê%&­6& êQ) 6I(
êQ%3Ia áU%)&%UQ 3& á&-& %36Qa -&áQ%3 QO6UI êQ%3Ih & %33Q ÉI% -& IêQU-Q
êQ) I áI6Q(Q\%Ia e(H)3@’ FJU’r

03
-AHA 2 t A —)3JHJxÉA ’J J‘wWJ x@ F@FJx'@ êUJ /@FwHJJx—JF êUJ xA 3A/U9i
—A—J 9&J’ Jx’)xAF êUJ '@—@’ @’ wA')Jx'J’ ’Í@ ’JFJ9&Ax'J’t FA’ A wH\')/A —@
&@’w)'A9 9&J’ Jx’)xA êUJC

, êQ%3I P 6Q6I()&­6& -%36%­6Ih &(&3 áQ-&) -IU I ÉQê’3 )O%6Q êQ­q&ê%


)&­6Qa )I3 ­Q )Q)&­6Q &) ?O& ÉQê’ 6&) ?O& &­"U&­6IU &33& êQ­q&ê%
)&­6Q êQ) O) áIê%&­6& 6&) ?O& êQ)&]IU I É&U QO6UI3 êQ%3I3 iMMMc ?O&
êI-I áIê%&­6& É&) -& O) &36UI6Q 3Qê%I( -%36%­6Qh 6&) O) êQUáQ & O)
"O­ê%Q­I)&­6Q -%36%­6Qa Iá&3IU -& ?O& Q3 ?O&%UI) &­êIUIU êQ)Q 3&
6Q-Q3 "Q33&) %\OI%3a 6Q-Q3 U&3áQ­-&) -%36%­6I)&­6& 2 )&-%êI][Q ?O&
Q3 6&06Q3 áUQá■&) I ÉQê’ êQ)Q 3&­-Q %\OI( áIUI M6Q-Q3 iMMMcM GO I%­-I
­[Q &36QO áU&áIUI-I áIUI &­êIU' (Q3 I 6Q-Q3 -& "QU)I -%"&U&­6&h êU&%Q
?O& P I &0á&U%’­ê%I ?O& -' &33I áU&áIUI][QM o

2 —)3JHJxÉA Jx'HJ @’ —@)’ /AFw@’t @ —A 3A/U9—A—J J @ —@ &@’w)'A9t ’J FAx)i


3J’'A —J UFA 3@HFA —)3JHJx'J ’@.HJ @ HA/)@/!x)@ —)A(x[’')/@ ” A )’’@ êUJ 1 ’J
HJ3JHJ x@ ’J(U)x'J HJ9A'@C

C' O)I -%"&U&­]I &­6U& Q 6&4U%êQ ?O& 3IN&a & J’'AH w@’'A—@ —)Ax'J —@
wA/)Jx'Jy áQU?O& áQ-&) -%ú&U I ÉQê’ ?O& "I(& -& á­&O)Q­%I & ÉQê’ -'
I3 êIO3I3a 6O-Q iMMMcM zI3 &­êIUIU Q áIê%&­6& P I(\Q 6Q6I()&­6& -%36%­6Qh
ÉQê’a I áIU6%U -Q áIê%&­6&a 6&) ?O& 3AõJH @ —)A(x[’')/@y êQ) Q áIê%&­6&
êQ)&]I IQ êQ­6U'U%Qh I áIU6%U -Q ?O& 6&)a 6UI6I -& É&U ?OI( P I áI6Q(Q
\%IM ô 6Q6I()&­6& -%"&U&­6&h Q áIê%&­6& É&) êQ) ?O& (q& -4% I?O%a I(% &
â@/L 'JF êUJ @H(Ax)õAH )’’@ e(H)3@’ FJU’r

v’’J HA/)@/!x)@ —)3JHJx'J 'JF UFA —)HJ/)@xA9)—A—J FAH/A—At /@F@ 4 J‘w9)i


/AC «xA 3A/U9—A—Jt x@’ Jx’)xAF A á&­3IU áIUI NI%0Qa xA HJ’)—Lx/)At áIUI ê%)IM 2
wAH')H —@ ’)x'@FAt 9JâAx'AH A’ ’!x—H@FJ’y )’’@ xÍ@ ’J) ’J A9(UQF 'JFt xÍ@ /@x&JÉ@
x)x(UQF êUJ êUAx—@ Jx'H@U AêU) 'Jx&A ’A.)—@ á&­3IU O) áIê%&­6&Y e(H)3@’ FJU’r
2 wAH')H —J’’J’ HJ9A'@’t âJH)3)/Ai’J êUJ UFA —A’ FU—AxÉA’ 3Ux—AFJx'A)’ x@
36I6O3 —@’ M@âJx’ J’'U—Ax'J’ —J FJ—)/)xAt x@ F@FJx'@ JF êUJ wA’’AF A ’JH
FQ—)/@’iHJ’)—Jx'J’ J —J)‘AF —J ’JH J’'U—Ax'J’t ’J FAx)3J’'A xA HJ9AÉÍ@ /@F @
wA/)Jx'Jt êUJ J’'AH\t —J’—J Jx'Í@t FJ—)A')õA—A wJ9@ ’A.JH FQ—)/@ 8J’’A HJ9AÉÍ@t @
êUJ ’J .U’/A Q J’'A.J9J/JH @ ë—)A(x[’')/@Á vF êUA9êUJH Jx/@x'H@ —J UF FQ—)/@
J ’JU wA/)Jx'Jt â)’'@ A wAH')H —@ 9U(AH —@ ’A.JH .)@FQ—)/@ t o @ êUJ ’J 'JF /@F@
@.MJ')â@ 3)xA9 Q ëJx/@x'HAHÁ A wA'@9@()A —@ wA/)Jx'J
4@x'U—@t @ ë—)A(x[’')/@Á xÍ@ J’'\ J‘w@’'@t xÍ@ J’'\ J‘w9!/)'@ wAHA êUJ @
FQ—)/@ @ ëâJMAÁy FA’ Qt ’)Ft @ wH@—U'@ —J UFA /@x’'HUÉÍ@ xA êUA9 'Ax'@ @ FQ—)/@
êUAx'@ @ Jx3JHF@ 'HA.A9&AF ” w@H )’’@ êUJ ’J Jx/@x'HAFt x@’ HJ9A'@’t FJ'\3@HA’
êUJ ’J HJ3JHJF A@ ë—)A(x[’')/@Á /@F@ A9(@ A êUJ ’J ë/&J(AÁ e@ —)A(x[’')/@ /@F@
HJ’U9'A—@rt F@')â@ wJ9@ êUA9 @ ëwH@/J’’@ —J —)A(x[’')/@Á w@—JH)A ’JH /@FwHJJx—)—@
/@F@ UFA ë'HAâJ’’)AÁ
v’’J wH@/J’’@ /@x’'HU')â@ Q 3HJêKJx'JFJx'J A’’@/)A—@ A UF wH@/J—)FJx'@
ë/)Jx'!3)/@Át J J’’J /AH\'JH —J ë/)Jx'!3)/@Á Q @U'@H(A—@ wJ9A /AwA/)—A—J êUJ @’ J’'Ui
—@’ ’J/Ux—\H)@’ 'LF —J /@FwH@âAH @ ë—)A(x[’')/@ wHJ’UF!âJ9Át @ êUJ @ 'HAx’3@HFA
JF ë—)A(x[’')/@ 3)xA9Á 8@ F@FJx'@ JF êUJ @ ë—)A(x[’')/@Á ’J )x’/HJâJ JF UF
/AFw@ —J ’A.JH FA)’ AFw9@t wJH—JFi’J '@—A’ A’ ëHJ3JHLx/)A’ ’@/)A)’Á J ë&)’'[H)/A’Á
êUJ H@—JAHAF ’UA /@x’'HUÉÍ@
4@F )’’@t êUJH@ FJ HJ3JH)H A êUJt —UHAx'J @ wH@/J’’@ —J /@x’')'U)ÉÍ@ —@
ë—)A(x[’')/@Át @/@HHJF xJ(@/)AÉWJ’t '\/)'A’ @U J‘w9!/)'A’y AâA9)AÉWJ’ —@’ JxUx/)i
A—@’ wH@—Uõ)—@’ J —@ A(Jx'J êUJ @’ wH@—Uõt FA’ êUJt xA 3@HFU9AÉÍ@ ë/)Jx'!3)/AÁ
—@ ë—)A(x[’')/@Át 3)/AF J9)F)xA—A’t F@')â@ wJ9@ êUA9 A J’’J —)A(x[’')/@ /@x’'HU!—@
Q A'H).U!—@ UF /H)'QH)@ —J ë@.MJ')â)—A—JÁ
IA'@UH J á@@9(AH e czzr ’U’'Jx'AF êUJ @’ 3A'@’ /)Jx'!3)/@’ ’Í@ ’@/)A9FJx'J
/@x’'HU!—@’ 8@ wH@/J’’@ —J 3A.H)/AÉÍ@ —J UF 3A'@t wWJFi’J JF M@(@ —@)’ —)’w@i
’)')â@’ /@F 3UxÉWJ’ —)3JHJx'J’C @ wH)FJ)H@ —)’w@’)')â@ i êUJ @’ AU'@HJ’ /&AFAF
/9)âA(JF i 3Aõ /@F êUJ @ JxUx/)A—@ ’J 'HAx’3@HFJ JF UFA Jx')—A—J ’JwAHA—A êUJ
—J’)(xA /JH'A’ wH@wH)J—A—J’ —@ @.MJ'@ Jt w@H ’UA âJõt 3Aõ /@F êUJ @ @.MJ'@
/@x’'HU!—@ wA’’J A 'JH âk@ wH[wH)@ 5 ’J(Ux—@ —)’w@’)')â@t A )xâJH’Í@t @/A’)@xA
êUJ @ @.MJ'@ wA’’J A ’JH —@'A—@ —J UF FA)@H (HAU —J HJA9)—A—J —@ êUJ @ JxUx/)A—@
êUJ 9&J —JU @H)(JFy @ @.MJ'@ —J'JHF)xA A HAõÍ@ —@ JxUx/)A—@
2’’)Ft A wAH')H —J UF /@xMUx'@ —J ’)xA)’ J ’)x'@FA’ êUJ @ wA/)Jx'J 'HAõ ü
/@x’U9'A @U ü )x'JHxAÉÍ@ J FJ—)Ax'J UF /@xMUx'@ —J AwAHA'@’ i w@H FJ)@ —@’ êUA)’
’J 3AõJF @’ J’'U—@’ ’J/Ux—\H)@’ i t /@x’'H[)i’J UF —)A(x[’')/@ êUJt êUAx—@ ’J
A3)HFA /@F@ âJH—A—J)H@t M\ xÍ@ —JwJx—J —A’ /@x—)ÉWJ’ /@xMUx'UHA)’ —J ’UA wH@—Ui
ÉÍ@ v’’J JxUx/)A—@ ’J 'HAx’3@HFA JF UF 3A'@ 2 /JH'JõA —J’’J 3A'@ âA) ’JH .U’i
/A—A xA /@HHJ’w@x—Lx/)A /@F @’ ’)xA)’ J ’)x'@FA’ —@ wA/)Jx'Jt J’êUJ/Jx—@ êUJ @
JxUx/)A—@t A(@HA '@FA—@ 3A'@ i @ ë—)A(x[’')/@Á i t wH@âQF —J9J’ e—@’ ’)xA)’ J
’)x'@FA’r 2 /@HHJ’w@x—Lx/)A J’'\ xA @H)(JF J A ’JwAHAÉÍ@ Q UFA /@x’JêKLx/)A
—J ’UA /@x’'HUÉÍ@ -AH\ IA'@UH J á@@9(AH e czzrt J’’A’ wH\')/A’t êUJ J9J’ J’'U—Ai
HAF x@ 9A.@HA'[H)@t ’J J’'Jx—JF A @U'H@’ ’J'@HJ’ —A HJA9)—A—J ’@/)A9y UF —J’’J’
’J'@HJ’ Q @ &@’w)'A9
5 wH@/J’’@ —J /@x’'HUÉÍ@ —@ ë—)A(x[’')/@Át A ë'HAâJ’’)AÁt 'JF UFA @H)Jx'Ai
ÉÍ@ —JFAH/A—At Q —J ë.A)‘@ wAHA /)FAÁt —@’ ’)xA)’ J ’)x'@FA’ wAHA @ —)A(x[’')/@
NA’ J’’J wH@/J’’@ J’'\t w@H ’UA âJõt HJ9A/)@xA—@ /@F FJ'\3@HA’ —J w9Ax)3)/AÉÍ@t
—J /9A’’)3)/AÉÍ@y «â@/L 'JF —J @H(Ax)õ\i9@Yt FJ —)’’J 1 y &\ êUJ «’A.JH wJx’AH @

06
wA/)Jx'JYt FJ —)’’J 4 y JF ’JU’ —@)’ HJ9A'@’t @ êUJ J‘wHJ’’AF ’Í@ FJ'\3@HA’ wAHA
3A9AH —A @H—JF 5 F@â)FJx'@ —J .A)‘@ wAHA /)FA xJ/J’’)'A —J UF wJx’AFJx'@ êUJ
'JF —J ’JH FJ'[—)/@t HA/)@xA9t w@H FJ)@ —@ êUA9 ’J wA’’A —A ë—J’@H—JFÁt êUJ @
wA/)Jx'J ë'HAõÁ wAHA A /@x’U9'At ü ë@H—JFÁ —@ wA/)Jx'J —)A(x@’')/A—@
NAH­ O@U(9A’ e cpdC frt JF LOU&úI 8 L&(%\UQa ’U’'Jx'A êUJC

I3 %-P%I3 3QNU& 3&áIUIUa áOU%"%êIUa -&)IUêIU & áO­%U 6UI­3\U&33■&3 6’)


êQ)Q "O­][Q áU%­ê%áI( %)áQU O)I 3%36&)I6%úI][Q &) O)I &0á&U%’­ê%I
%­&U&­6&)&­6& -&3QU-&­I-IM ô 34 &0I\&UI­-Q I -%"&U&­]I &­6U& -&­6UQ
& "QUIa &) ê%)I & &)NI%0Qa )O(q&U & qQ)&)a êQ) & êQ­6UI ?O& O) 3&)
N(I­6& -& QU-&) P êU%I-QM

2 —JFAH/AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ ë@ JF /)FA J @ JF.A)‘@Át êUJ ’JwAHA —@)’ —@F!x)@’


/@F /AHA/'JH!’')/A’ /@Fw9J'AFJx'J —)3JHJx'J’t ’J J’'A.J9J/J w@H FJ)@ —@ ë—)A(i
x[’')/@Áy Q J9J êUJ )x/9U)H\ @ wA/)Jx'J x@ —)’/UH’@ FQ—)/@y «w@H FJ)@ —J9Jt @
FQ—)/@ F@’'HA êUJ @ êUJ wA—J/J @ Jx3JHF@ 'JF UF 9U(AH x@ ’)’'JFA —J ’)(x)3)/Ax'J’
êUJ /@x’')'UJF @ —)’/UH’@ FQ—)/@Y e49AâHJU9 czoC ucr
2 wA’’A(JF wJ9@ &@’w)'A9t A )x'JHxAÉÍ@t )Fw9)/A wAHA @’ Jx3JHF@’ UF /@H'J
/@F A’ A')â)—A—J’ —)\H)A’t UF wJH!@—@ JF êUJ J’'Í@ ëü FAH(JFÁ 2@ ’J ’@FAH A )’’@ @
3A'@ —J êUJt Ax'J’ —J J’'A.J9J/)—@ @ —)A(x[’')/@t A’ /AHA/'JH!’')/A’ —@ Jx3JHF@ ’Í@
AF.!(UA’t w@—JHi’Ji)A /AHA/'JH)õAH J’’J wJH!@—@ /@F@ ë9)F)xAHÁt x@ ’Jx')—@ JF êUJ @
'@FA PUFJH e cpgC pr -AHA J9JC «A 9)F)xAH)—A—J @U A’ wJ’’@A’ 9)F)xAHJ’ ’Í@ xJ/J’i
’AH)AFJx'J AF.!(UA’y J’’A’ wJ’’@A’ J’/AwAF ü HJ—J —J /9A’’)3)/AÉWJ’ êUJ x@HFA9i
FJx'J —J'JHF)xAF A 9@/A9)õAÉÍ@ —J J’'A—@’ J w@’)ÉWJ’ JF UF J’wAÉ@ /U9'UHA9Y
8@ /@x'J‘'@ —@ &@’w)'A9t A ’)'UAÉÍ@ —@’ )x—)â!—U@’ Q /9AHAC ’Í@ Jx3JHF@’ J
)’’@ —J'JHF)xA UFA ’QH)J —J /AHA/'JH!’')/A’y FA’t JF HJ9AÉÍ@ A@ —)’/UH’@ FQ—)/@t
’Í@ 9)F)xAHJ’ J w@H )’’@ FJ’F@ wJH)(@’A’ g
5 —@F!x)@ —@ ëJF /)FAÁ ’J HJ9A/)@xA /@F A HAõÍ@t A @H—JFt A ’)’'JF\')/At
A 9)FwJõA J A’ HJ’'H)ÉWJ’y @ —@F!x)@ —@ ëJF.A)‘@Á @ 3Aõ /@F @ JFw!H)/@t A —J’@Hi
—JFt A A’’)’'JFA')/)—A—Jt A ’UM)—A—J f J A’ w@’’).)9)—A—J’ )9)F)'A—A’ eQ )x—J3)x)—@
’JU w@'Jx/)A9 —J wA—H@x)õAÉÍ@r
PA)’ —@F!x)@’ xÍ@ ’Í@ —J3)x!âJ)’ ’JwAHA—AFJx'Jy wAHA êUJ ’JMA w@’’!âJ9 @
—@F!x)@ —A @H—JFt 'JF —J ’JH w@’’!âJ9 @ —@F!x)@ —A —J’@H—JFy xJF UF xJF
@U'H@ ’Í@ —J3)x!âJ)’ JF ’)t FA’t ’)Ft xA HJ9AÉÍ@ êUJ @’ UxJt JF HJ9AÉÍ@ A UF '@—@
v’’J '@—@ Q @ —)’/UH’@ FQ—)/@ êUJt A'HAâQ’ —@ ë—)A(x[’')/@Át )FwWJ UFA —)’')xÉÍ@
êUJ Q &)JH\HêU)/A ” MU’'AFJx'J w@H J’’A /AHA/'JH!’')/A &)JH\HêU)/A —A HJ9AÉÍ@ êUJ
@’ —@)’ —@F!x)@’ xÍ@ ’J Jx/@x'HAF xUFA ’)'UAÉÍ@ ’)FQ'H)/A x@ êUJ /@x/JHxJ A@
'@—@ i @ —@F!x)@ —J /)FAt —A @H—JFt 'JF UFA âA9@H)õAÉÍ@ w@’)')âA

0
2 )Fw@H'Xx/)A —J ë/&J(AHÁ A@ —)A(x[’')/@t —J A9/AxÉAH @ —@F!x)@ —A @H—JFt
HA—)/A JF êUJt FJ—)Ax'J @ A'@ —J —)A(x[’')/@t @ Jx3JHF@ i A'Q J’’J F@FJx'@ ë9)F)xAHÁ
Jt w@H'Ax'@t 3@HA —@ —)’/UH’@ FQ—)/@ i Q )x/9U!—@ x@ —)’/UH’@ 2'HAâQ’ —J’’J A'@ ’J
9&J )x’')'U) UFA )—Jx')—A—Jt ’J 9&J —J’)(xA UF x@FJ d Jt w@H J’’A )x/9U’Í@t A FJ—)/)xA
’J 9J()')FAt ’J HJA3)HFA /@F@ ’A.JH AU'@H)õA—@ ’@.HJ A Jx3JHF)—A—J
v’’J wJx’AFJx'@ ëFJ'[—)/@Á J ëHA/)@xA9Át xJ/J’’\H)@ A@ wH@/J’’@ —J /@x’i
'HUÉÍ@ —@ —)A(x[’')/@ J w@H FJ)@ —@ êUA9 '@FA 3@HFA @ ’A.JH —A ë.)@FJ—)/)xAÁ 'JF
9)x&A’ —)HJ'H)õJ’ êUJ FAH/AF A 3@HFA /@HHJ'A —J 'HA.A9&AH 2’ 9)x&A’ —)HJ'H)õJ’ ’Í@
'HL’C @’ ëwH@'@/@9@’Át @’ ëA9(@H)'F@’Á J ëA HJ9AÉÍ@ /U’'@i.JxJ3!/)@Á
5’ ëwH@'@/@9@’Á J ëA9(@H)'F@’Á ’Í@ wAU'A’ —J 'HA.A9&@ —J9)F)'A—A’ êUJ
@H(Ax)õAF @ 'HA'AFJx'@ —@’ wA/)Jx'J’ /@F @ @.MJ')â@ —J 'JH UFA FJ9&@H HJ9AÉÍ@
/U’'@i.JxJ3!/)@ 2’ —UA’ wH)FJ)HA’ 9)x&A’ ’Í@ —)’')x'A’y —)3JHJx/)AFi’Jt 3Ux—Ai
FJx'A9FJx'Jt w@H ’UA wH@/J—Lx/)Ay UF ëA9(@H)'F@Át êUJ w@—J ’JH UF —)A(HAFAt
Q UFA wH@(HJ’’Í@ —J J’'U—@’ êUJt w@H FJ)@ —J @wÉWJ’ —)âJH(Jx'J’t )x—)/AF
/@x—U'A’ A9'JHxA')âA’t êUJ ’J âÍ@ '@FAx—@ —J A/@H—@ /@F @’ HJ’U9'A—@ó —@’
J’'U—@’t J êUJ w@—J ’JH 3J)'@ —Jx'H@ —@ &@’w)'A9t @U FJ’F@ xA HJ’)—Lx/)A
5 ëwH@'@/@9@Á MUx'A A )x3@HFAÉÍ@ —)’w@x!âJ9 J‘)’'Jx'J ’@.HJ UF 'JFA J
J’'A.J9J/J UF /@x’Jx’@ ’@.HJ @’ wA’’@’ A—JêUA—@’ —J 'HA'AFJx'@ 2 ’JH)J—A—J —@
wH@'@/@9@ J’'AH\ —A—A wJ9@ /Aw)'A9 ’)F.[9)/@ —J êUJ —)’w@x&AF @’ )x'J(HAx'J’ —A
/@F)’’Í@ Jx/AHHJ(A—A —J wH@'@/@9)õAH UFA —J'JHF)xA—A wA'@9@()A
2 )Fw@H'Xx/)A —@’ ëwH@'@/@9@’Á J ëA9(@H)'F@’Á J’'AH)At A’’)Ft MU’')3)/A—AC @’
wH)FJ)H@’t w@H &@F@(JxJ)õAH 3@HFA’ —J 'HA'AFJx'@’ /@F @ @.MJ')â@ —J /@FwAHAH
wA/)Jx'J’ wAHA 3)x’ A/A—LF)/@’ J /)Jx'!3)/@’ 5’ A9(@H)'F@’t w@H —)’/H)F)xAH Jx'HJ
'@—A’ A’ w@’’).)9)—A—J’ —J 'HA'AFJx'@ êUA9 Q A A—JêUA—At —)Ax'J —A )Fw@’’).)9)—A—J
—J wJ—)H '@—@’ @’ J’'U—@’ êUAx—@ ’J 'HA'A —J UF wA/)Jx'Jy )’'@ w@H —UA’ HAõWJ’C
w@HêUJ @ Jx3JHF@ xÍ@ w@—J ’Uw@H'AH 'Ax'@’ J’'U—@’ J wJ9@’ (A’'@’t wJ9@ ë/U’'@i
.JxJ3!/)@Á PA9 HJ9AÉÍ@ Q @.’JHâA—A A wAH')H —A J’/A’’Jõ —J HJ/UH’@’ —@ &@’w)'A9 p
8Í@ @.’'Ax'J A )Fw@H'Xx/)A —@’ wH@'@/@9@’t xA wH\')/A —A .)@FJ—)/)xA /@')—)i
AxA —@ &@’w)'A9t ’UH(J @ wH@.9JFA wJ9@ 3A'@ —J J9J’ xÍ@ ’JHJF 3J)'@’ x@ &@’w)'A9t FA’
’)F JF &@’w)'A)’ —@’ vj2 e«xÍ@ ’AJF —AêU)t FA’ ’)F —J NA’’A/&U’J''’Yrt HAõÍ@
wJ9A êUA9 A Aw9)/A.)9)—A—J —@’ wH@'@/@9@’ x@ &@’w)'A9 J’'\ 9)F)'A—At J A’ 9)F)'AÉWJ’
HJFJ'JF —)HJ'AFJx'J ü’ /AHA/'JH!’')/A’ —@ /AFw@ JF êUJ J’’J’ wH@'@/@9@’ —Ji
âJF ’JH Aw9)/A—@’
2’ 9)F)'AÉWJ’ J’')FU9AF A’ ë’A!—A’Á —A’ 9)x&A’ —)HJ'H)õJ’ ç’'@ @/@HHJ w@Hi
êUJ xÍ@ ’J 'LF @’ FJ)@’ FA'JH)A)’ wAHA HJA9)õAH @’ wA’’@’ êUJ 9&J’ J‘)(J @ ëwH@'@i
/@9@Á @U @ ëA9(@H)'F@Á PA)’ /@x—)ÉWJ’ —A wH\')/A 9JâAF @’ FQ—)/@’ A —J’Jxâ@9âJH
â)A’ A9'JHxA')âA’ x@ 'HA'AFJx'@ /@F wA/)Jx'J’ jF J‘JFw9@ —)’’@ w@—J ’JH âJH)3)i

00
/A—@ wJ9A’ â\H)A’ A9'JHxA')âA’ —J Ax').)[')/@’ wAHA UFA Jx3JHF)—A—Jt A’ êUA)’ @’
FQ—)/@’ —@ &@’w)'A9 wHJ/)’AF ’A.JH w@HêUJ @ Ax').)[')/@ HJ/@FJx—A—@ JF wH)FJ)i
H@ 9U(AH xÍ@ J’'\ —)’w@x!âJ9 5.’JHâJ) UF @U'H@ J‘JFw9@ JF UFA AU9A —A—A w@H
UFA J’wJ/)A9)’'A JF êUJ UF —@’ 1ç HJ’w@x—JU A UFA wJH(Ux'A J A J’wJ/)A9)’'A 9&J
—)’’JC «)’’@ P Q ?O& ÉQê’ "IU%I I?O%a .JF NA’ ?O& P Q ?O& -&É&U%I "Iú&Ua êUJ AêU)
xÍ@ ’J 3Aõ w@HêUJ xÍ@ 'JF@’ 9A.@HA'[H)@ êUJ FJÉA )’’@t w@H )’’@ 3AõJF@’ —)HJ'Ai
FJx'J A wUxÉÍ@Y e(H)3@’ FJU’r
vF @U'HA AU9A F)x)’'HA—A w@H UFA (A’'H@Jx'JH@9@()’'At UF —@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’
/@FJx'A UFA ’)'UAÉÍ@ êUJ â)âJx/)@U êUAx—@t JF UF 3)F —J ’JFAxAt 'JâJ —J
A'Jx—JH A UFA wA/)Jx'J J '@—@’ ')x&AF —J HJ’@9âJH @ wH@.9JFA /@F HAw)—Jõy @’
wH@/J—)FJx'@’ x@HFA)’ xÍ@ J’'AâAF —)’w@x!âJ)’y A’’)Ft HJA9)õAHAF UF wH@/J—)i
FJx'@ xÍ@ )x—)/A—@t A9(@ êUJ J’'AâA 3@HA —; ëwH@'@/@9@Á
ç’’@ F@’'HA /@F@t JF —J'JHF)xA—@’ F@FJx'@’t A’ HJA9)—A—J’ /@')—)AxA’
@.H)(AF A xJ(@/)AÉWJ’ J HJ’@9UÉWJ’ êUJ A/AHHJ'AF F@—)3)/AÉWJ’ x@’ wA—HWJ’ —J
/@x—U'A &A.)'UA)’ J J’'Ax—AH')õA—@’ wJ9@ Jx’)x@ HJ/J.)—@ v’’A’ xJ(@/)AÉWJ’ 9Ji
âAF A wkH JF wH\')/A x@âA’ )x'JHwHJ'AÉWJ’ êUJ F@—)3)/AFt JF FA)@H @U FJx@H
(HAUt @’ U’@’ xA'UHA9)õA—@’ wJ9@ Jx’)x@y A)x—A êUJ J’'A’ ’@FJx'J ’JMAF A/J)'A’ xA
FJ—)—A JF êUJ 3J)'A’ w@H )x—)â!—U@’ /@F UF /Aw)'A9 ’)F.[9)/@ ’U3)/)Jx'JFJx'J
AFw9@ wAHA êUJ xÍ@ ’JMAF HJwH)F)—@’
jF J‘JFw9@ —)’’@ 3@) A )x'JHAÉÍ@ êUJ ’J —JU /@F ã t UF 1 çt ’JU 1o J A OH
s y xA ’A9At &Aâ)AF wJ—)—@ FU)'A’ '@F@(HA3)A’ /@FwU'A—@H)õA—A’t '@—A’ /@F HJi
’U9'A—@’ xJ(A')â@’ exJ(A')â@ êUJH —)õJH êUJ xÍ@ AwHJ’Jx'AâA xJx&UFA Ax@FA9)Ar
-@H J’’A HAõÍ@t /@F UFA wA/)Jx'J êUJ xJ/J’’)'AâA —J UFA '@F@(HA3)At wJ—)HAFt
wH)FJ)HAFJx'Jt UFA HJ’’@xXx/)A FA(xQ')/At ’[ wAHA xÍ@ HJA9)õAH @U'H@ wJ—)—@ —J
'@F@(HA3)A 5’ —@)’ J’'U—@’ xÍ@ 'LF —)3JHJxÉA’ —J HJ’@9UÉÍ@t FA’ @’ wA’’@’
’JH)AFt wJ—)H wH)FJ)H@ A '@F@(HA3)A J —Jw@)’ A HJ’’@xXx/)A 7UAx—@ ã J‘wWJ A
wA/)Jx'J xA ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9A —A FAx&ÍÁt I t @ /&J3J —J HJ’)—Jx'J’t 9&J wJH(Ux'AC
«ã w@H êUJ wH)FJ)H@ A HJ’’@xXx/)AhY 2@ êUJ ã HJ’w@x—JC «w@HêUJt /@F@ 'JF FA)’
HJ’@9UÉÍ@ e r wAHA êUJ xÍ@ x@’ A/@x'JÉA /@F@ /@F @U'HA wA/)Jx'Jt êUJ —Jw@)’
')âJF@’ —J 3AõJH A HJ’’@xXx/)AY 8J’’J F@FJx'@t A OH s ’A) JF ’UA AMU—A
-@’'JH)@HFJx'Jt JF UFA ëwA’’A(JF —J ’A9A —A 'AH—JÁt /@F A FJ’FA wA/)i
Jx'Jt —\i’J @ ’J(U)x'J —)\9@(@C
LIMiQ QO6UQ -Q3 êq&"&3 (q& á&U\O­6Icd RQê’ 6&) I 6Q)Q\UI"%IH
Bd .[Qa )I3 6&­qQ I U&33Q­°­ê%IM
LId LQU ?O& ÉQê’ á&-%O -%U&6Q I U&33Q­°­ê%IH
Bd LQU?O&a 3& I 6Q)Q\UI"%I É&) ­QU)I(a -&áQ%3 6&)Q3 ?O& á&-%U I
U&33Q­°­ê%I &a 3& 6&)Q3 áUQN(&)I3 ÉI3êO(IU&3a P )&(qQUM

200
mM iO)I bD (q& -%úcd f áUQN(&)I P ?O&a 3& Q 6&)áQ &36' êQUU&­-Qa O)I
U&33Q­°­ê%I -&)QUI É%­6& -%I3 & O)I 6Q)Q\UI"%I -Q%3M
eM iQ bDa ?O& &36&É& &­ÉQ(É%-Q ­&33I U&3Q(O][Qa (q& -%úcd .[Qa &36' N&)
?O& O)I 6Q)Q\UI"%I & O)I U&33Q­°­ê%I ­[Q 6’) -%"&U&­]I -& -&"%­%][Qa
)I3 qIÉ:I)Q3 á&-%-Q ê%­êQ QO 3&%3 6Q)Q\UI"%I3 ?O& "QUI) ­QU)I%3 & áQ-:
I)Q3 QN36UO%U Q 3&UÉ%]QM
LIM i&­ê&UUI I %­6&UI][Q -%ú&­-Qcd 1I36I­6& á%6QU&3êI I U&3Q(O][QM

-@’'JH)@HFJx'Jt wJH(Ux'J) A 5 t @ 1ot ’@.HJ @ wH@.9JFAt J J9J FJ —)’’JC

,?O%a %33Q áI33I )O%6Q á&(I -%3áQ­%N%(%-I-& -& &36O-Q3h áQU &0&)á(Qt
3& O) áUQ6QêQ(Q -%ú %36Q áU%)&%UQ & %36Q -&áQ%3a ÉQê’ á&-& I3 -OI3
êQ%3I3 IQ )&3)Q 6&)áQa áQU?O& %36Q P "&%6Q qQ;& & Q U&3O(6I-Q &36' áIUI
-&­6UQ -& s -%I3a áIUI Q QO6UQ &36O-Q )IUêI) qQUI áIUI -&­6UQ -&
O)I 3&)I­Ih &­6[Qa áQU O)I ?O&36[Q -& 6&)áQa á&-%)Q3 I3 -OI3 êQ%3I3
;O­6I3 iMMMc %33Q áQ-& 3&U á&U%\Q3Q áQU?O& ÉQê’ áQ-& &3?O&ê&U êQ)Q 3&
"Iú&) I3 êQ%3I3M

-@H è9')F@t 3A9J) /@F -A C «xÍ@ â@U 9&J —)õJH êUJ AxU9J @ wJ—)—@t FA’ @ êUJ
FJ )Fw@H'A Q êUJ 3)êUJ /9AH@ êUJ wH)FJ)H@ 'JF —J 3AõJH A '@F@(HA3)A f ?O& 3&
áU&6&­-& -&%0IU 3[Q áIO6I3 -& 6UINI(qQ e(H)3@’ FJU’r
5 êUJ J’’A )x'JHAÉÍ@ J’'\ )x—)/Ax—@ Q êUJ &\ 3A'@HJ’ xÍ@ FQ—)/@’ êUJ
/@x—)/)@xAF A Aw9)/AÉÍ@ —@’ wH@'@/@9@’ Jt A9QF —)’’@t F@’'HAF A /@x—U'A —@’
/&J3J’ êUAx—@ UF —@’ 1ç 3@(J —@ J’'A.J9J/)—@
vF wAH'Jt ’Í@ A’ 9)F)'AÉWJ’ wH@âJx)Jx'J’ —@ /AFw@ &@’w)'A9AH êUJ 3AõJF
/@F êUJ @’ FQ—)/@’ 'Jx&AF —J ’A)H —@’ wH@'@/@9@’ ç’’@ w@—J ’JH â)’'@ w@H J9J’
/@F@ UFA êUJ’'Í@ FA)’ —A wH\')/At HAõÍ@ wJ9A êUA9 xÍ@ /AU’A xJx&UF /@x39)'@ M\
êUJ A’ ’A!—A’ —@ wH@'@/@9@ J’'AH)AF wHJâ)’'A’ 8@ Jx'Ax'@t wAHA @U'H@’ FQ—)/@’t
xÍ@ J‘)’'J A 9).JH—A—J wAHA )x'JHwHJ'AH @’ wH@'@/@9@’t J ’A)H —J9J’ w@—J 9&J’ 'HAõJH
A9(UF ')w@ —J /@x39)'@
8@ wH)FJ)H@ (HUw@t J’'Í@ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ FA)’ Ax')(@’t /@F@ Q @ /A’@ —J -A t
UF —@’ /&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’C «'U—@ @ êUJ 'JF@’ JF FJ—)/)xA J’'\ J’/H)'@t &\ F)i
9&WJ’ —J wA'@9@()A’ êUJ âÍ@ FU—AHt FA’ A âJH—A—J —J &@MJ Q A âJH—A—J —J &@MJY
O)Ax'J —A —J/9AHAÉÍ@t wJH(Ux'J)i9&J ’J A’ wA'@9@()A’ xÍ@ w@—)AF ’JH AwHJ’Jx'A—A’ —J
3@HFA —)’')x'A x@’ —)3JHJx'J’ wA/)Jx'J’t J J9J FJ HJ’w@x—JC «FA’ Q êUJ )’’@ J’'\
J’/H)'@ 'AF.QFt â@/L 'AF.QF 'JF 3@HFA’ —J AwHJ’Jx'AÉÍ@ —A Jx3JHF)—A—J êUJ xÍ@
’Í@ '!w)/A’ e r &O ­[Q É&;Q 3I%U -Q áUQ6QêQ(Q êQ)Q O)I êU%3& áQU?O& %33Q 6I)NP)
&36' áU&É%36QY e(H)3@’ FJU’r
-AHA I t @ @U'H@ —@’ /&J3J’ —J HJ’)—Jx'J’ @’ wH@'@/@9@’ ’Í@C

878
LIUI ?O& 6Q-Q3 Q3 )P-%êQ3 I6&­-I) ÉQê’ )I%3 QO )&­Q3 -I )&3)I
"QU)I & ?O& ÉQê’ ­[Q -&á&­-I -I )[Q -& 5&O3 -%I­6& -& ?O&) êI%Oh
­[Q &36' )I( ?O& 3& áQ33I) )Q-%"%êIUa )I3 Q3 3)õJHAF (Jx'J êUJ 'JF FA)’
J‘wJH)Lx/)A êUJ x[’y &­6[Qa I "QU)I -& &36O-' (Q3 iMMMc O)I á&33QI áQ-&
áO(IU I QU-&)a )I3 ÉQê’ 6&) ?O& 6&U N&) ê(IUQ áQU ?O& "Iú %33QM RQO (q&
-IU O) &0&)á(Qd O)I q&)QUUI\%I -%\&36%ÉI 3P &36O-I -& ê%)I áIUI
NI%0Qa I%­-I ?O& &ÉIêO& êQ) 3I­\O&M LU%)&%UQa 3& &36O-I Q &36ü)I\Qa
áQU?O& ÉQê’ 6&) )I%3 êqI­ê&3 -& ?O& &(& )I6& Q áIê%&­6&h áQ-& êQ)&
]IU áQU NI%0Qa )I3 P &) É[Qh Q(qIa 3& ÉQê’ 3& -&áIUI êQ) O)
3I­\UI)&­6Q I(6Q & Q áIê%&­6& )QUU&a &­6[QH iMMMc RQê’a 6I(É&úa áO(& Q
)P6Q-Q & êQ)&ê& áQU NI%0Qh )I3a 3& ÉQê’ ­[Q 6&) %33Q ê(IUQa )I%3 ÉI(&
?O& ­[Q 3I%I -Q áU&&36IN&(&ê%-Qa e(H)3@’ FJU’r

8A FJ’FA —)HJÉÍ@ ’J J‘wHJ’’A 5 C «&\ /JH'A’ /@)’A’ êUJ J’'Í@ ü FAH(JF


—@ wH@'@/@9@t w@HêUJ xÍ@ Q 'U—@ wHJ'@ J .HAx/@t Jx'Í@ I(\OP) êQ) &0á&U%’­ê%Ia
xÍ@ x[’t w@—J '@FAH UFA —J/)’Í@ —)’')x'At FA’ 'JF êUJ ’JH A9(UQF êUJ /@x&JÉA @
wH@'@/@9@Y e(H)3@’ FJU’r
NA’t wAHA @U'H@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’t A ’A!—A —@’ wH@'@/@9@’ w@—J /@x’')'U)H UF wH@i
.9JFAy —J’’J F@—@ @ /@x’)—JHA v t M\ êUJt wAHA J9At xÍ@ J‘)’'J J’’A w@’’).)9)—A—Jy —)õC

.43a Q3 -& áU%)&%UQ I­Qa ­[Q 6&)Q3 (%N&U-I-& áIUI "Iú&U I3 êQ%3I3h
&­6[Qa 3& ÉQê’ (&ÉI á&(Q3 áUQ6QêQ(Q3a ­%­\OP) ÉI% -%ú&U ­I-I iMMMcM ãO-Q
6&) 3&O êU%6PU%Qa êU%6PU%Q áIUI %36Qa êU%6PU%Q áIUI Q QO6UQa &­6[Q ÉQê’
­[Q áQ-& IUU%3êIU &a 3& ­[Q "Iú Q ?O& ÉQê’ 6&) ?O& "Iú&Ua P ê&U6Q ?O& (q&
-%ú&) I(\O)I êQ%3I

PAF.QF w@—JFi’J Jx/@x'HAH w@’'UHA’ —)3JHJx'J’ JF HJ9AÉÍ@ A@ (HAU —J


9).JH—A—J wAHA A'UAHt /@F@ A —J 7 t êUJ —)õC

f áUQ6QêQ(Q ÉI% (q& I;O-IUa )I3 6I)NP) ÉQê’ 6&) ?O& I­I(%3' (Q 3ON;&
6%ÉI)&­6& iMMMc áQU?O&a 3&­[Qa 3& "IU%I O)I NI3& -& -I-Q3a êQ(QêIÉI
O)I áIê%&­6& êQ) 3:­-UQ)& "&NU%(a Q êQ)áO6I-QU (q& -IU%I Q -%I\­43
6%êQ & áUQ­6Q iMMMcM ô (4\%êQ ?O& I%­-I êQ­3O(6Q )&O3 êq&"&3h ?OI­-Q
6%É&U )I%3 &0á&U%’­ê%Ia ­[Q êQ­3O(6IU&% ­%­\OP)M

5 HJ9A'@ —J 7 )x/@Hw@HA UF /@Fw@xJx'J êUJ AF)è—J Q /@x’)—JHA—@ /@F@


/@x39)'Ax'J J x@ êUA9 xÍ@ Q A/@x’J9&\âJ9 3)AHi’JC A ’U.MJ')â)—A—J 8@ FJ’F@ ’Jx')i
—@t 4 )x/@Hw@HA @U'H@ /@Fw@xJx'J /@x39)'Ax'JC A )x'U)ÉÍ@y J9A /@x’)—JHA êUJ &\
3A'@HJ’ êUJ ’Í@ 'HA.A9&A—@’ )x'U)')âAFJx'Jy w@—Ji’J âJH êUJ UFA wA/)Jx'J J’'\
FA9t FA’t JF UF —A—@ F@FJx'@t xÍ@ 'JF @’ /H)'QH)@’ @.MJ')â@’ wAHA /@FwH@â\i
9@ J )’’@ w@—J 9&J /AU’AH wH@.9JFA’t w@HêUJ

206
ç& ÉQê’ (%-I N&) êQ) I %­6O%][Qa ­[Q áQ-& 3&U )O%6Q (QOêQ & "Iú&U êQ%3I3
áQU?O& (q& áIU&ê&)a áQU?O& I6P (&\I()&­6& -&36UQ&) ÉQê’h &O (%-Q êQ) I
%­6O%][Qa )I3 3& Q áIê%&­6& 6&) "&NU&a 6&) "&NU&M 8[’ ’J(U)F@’ @’ wH@'@i
/@9@’ e r FA’ xÍ@ ’JFwHJ A@ wQ —A 9J'HAt A)x—A êUJt êUAx—@ xÍ@ @’ ’J(U)i
F@’t ’@F@’ FU)'@ /H)')/A—@’ e r Q FU)'@ —)3!/)9 A wAHA—At e(H)3@’ FJU’r

2 )x'H@F)’’Í@ —@’ /@Fw@xJx'J’ ’U.MJ')â@’ J —A )x'U)ÉÍ@ HJFJ'J x@âAFJx'J ü


ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁt M\ êUJ J’’J’ —@)’ /@Fw@xJx'J’ )x'J(HAH)AF @ /@xMUx'@ —J
A')'U—J’ xÍ@ FJx’UH\âJ)’ êUJ HJ’)’'JF JF —J)‘AH @ HJ)x@ —A @.MJ')â)—A—J J —A
HA/)@xA9)—A—J êUJ 3Ux—AFJx'A A wH\')/A —A .)@FJ—)/)xA -@H /AU’A —J’’A /AHA/'JH!’i
')/At A —J ’JHJF xÍ@ FJx’UH\âJ)’t Q wJHF)')—@ eJ A'Q A/@x’J9&\âJ9r —J’/@x3)AH —J9A’
0JF —)3JHJx'J Q @ w@’)/)@xAFJx'@ —@’ ëFQ—)/@’ —J w9Ax'J)Á wAHA @’
ëA9(@H)'F@’Á J ëwH@'@/@9@’Á 2 OH s ’J HJ3JHJ A )’’@t —)õJx—@C

.43 ­[Q (%-I)Q3 )O%6Q êQ) Q3 áUQ6QêQ(Q3h IêqQ ?O& q' -&6&U)%­I-I3
-Q&­]I3 ­I3 ?OI%3 3& 6’) ?O& êO)áU%Ua 3%)h 6I­6Q P I33%) ?O&a ?OI­-Q
&­6UIUI) Q3 ­QÉQ3 VU&3%-&­6&3ja "I(&% áIUI fMd lRI)Q3 "Iú&U O) áUQ6QêQ(QÆa
áQU?O&a -&áQ%3a ÉQê’ á&Uê&N& ?O& ­[Q "%ú&UI) "O­-Q -& Q(qQ ­O)I -%INP
6%êI iMMMcM LIUI I q%á&U6&­3[Q & I I3)Ia 3%)a 3&\O%)Q3 O) I(\QU%6)Q -&
&36O-Qa ?O& P 6I)NP) O) áUQ6QêQ(Q iMMMc )I3 ­43 3I:)Q3 êQ) "U&?!’­ê%IM

5 OH G ’J HJ3JHJ A@’ wH@'@/@9@’t —J’'A/Ax—@ êUJ xÍ@ ’Í@ H!()—@’ J êUJt


JF è9')FA )x’'Xx/)At @ êUJ )Fw@H'A Q @ wA/)Jx'J OJ F@—@ êUJt 3Aõi’J UF wH@'@/@i
9@ «w@H UF )x'JHJ’’J /)Jx'!3)/@t wAHA êUJ A J‘wJH)Lx/)A ’JMA /@FwAH\âJ9t e r FA’
A wH\‘)’ Q )x—)â)—UA9t â@/L 'HA'A —J UF wA/)Jx'J /@F x@FJ J ’@.HJx@FJy FA’t wAHA
êUJ ’J w@’’A /@FwAHAHt 'JF —J 'HA'\i9@ —A FJ’FA FAxJ)HAy @ wH@'@/@9@ ’JHâJ wAHA
êUJ â@/L w@’’A 'JH /)H/Ux’'Xx/)A’ J AF@’'HA(Jx’ wAHJ/)—A’Y
5 êUJ êUJH@ HJ’’A9'AH /@F A JxUFJHAÉÍ@ —J HJ9A'@’ —J )x3@HFAx'J’ Q êUJ
J’'A’ 9)x&A’ FJ’'HA’ êUJ A'UAF x@ ëwH@/J’’@ —J —)A(x[’')/@Á w@—JF ’JH 9JâA—A’
JF /@x'A JF FA)@H @U FJx@H (HAUt J )’’@ âA) A —JwJx—JH —@ /Aw)'A9 ’)F.[9)/@ /@F
êUJ /@x'J @ A(Jx'J Jxâ@9â)—@ xA —J/)’Í@
5.’JHâAi’Jt êUJ @ êUJ 3Ux—AFJx'A9FJx'J @H)Jx'A @’ A(Jx'J’ xA '@FA—A —J
—J/)’WJ’ Qt AwAHJx'JFJx'Jt UF /H)'QH)@ HA/)@xA9t z êUJ ’J J‘w9)/)'A /@F@ UF /@xi
MUx'@ —J ëwH@'@/@9@’Á J ëA9(@H)'F@’Á NA’t xÍ@ @.’'Ax'J A )Fw@H'Xx/)A êUJ J’’J
/@xMUx'@ A—êU)HJ xA wH\')/A /@')—)AxA xÍ@ w@—J )FwJ—)H A )x'H@F)’’Í@ —J A’wJ/'@’
êUJt w@H xÍ@ ’J JxêUA—HAHJF xJ’’J J’êUJFA )—JA9 —J HA/)@xA9)—A—Jt ’Í@ —J’9@/Ai
—@’ J /@x’)—JHA—@’ /@F@ Jw)3JxkFJx@’ 1J3JH)iFJ üêUJ9A’ /AHA/'JH!’')/A’ êUJ
J’'Í@ wH[‘)FA’ A@’ ’Jx')FJx'@’t ü’ wA)‘WJ’t A@ ë&UFAx@Át êUJ xJ/J’’AH)AFJx'J
’J AwHJ’Jx'AF xA wH\')/A .)@FQ—)/A J êUJ w@’’).)9)'AF A (JHAÉÍ@ —@ êUJ /&AFJ)
ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ

871
M â Htne ê tB g ctne a H afO B a OH â l H l â e f H a

P@—A HJ’@9UÉÍ@ '@FA—A x@ &@’w)'A9t êUA9êUJH —)HJ')âA êUJ ’J —)’'H).UAt 'JH\


—J J’'AH AâA9)õA—A w@H A9(UF 'HA.A9&@ êUJ ’JMA /@x’)—JHA—@ ë/)Jx'!3)/@Át êUJ J’'JMA
ë—JF@x’'HA—@Á /@F@ â\9)—@ w@H A9(UFA wJ’êU)’A /)Jx'!3)/A
v’’A Lx3A’J x@ ë/)Jx'!3)/@Át —A—A A wAH')H —@ F@—J9@ .)@FQ—)/@t 3Aõ /@F
êUJ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ xÍ@ —LJF 'Ax'A A'JxÉÍ@ ü wAH'J &UFAxA v’’J’ —@)’ A’wJ/'@’ êUJ
’J )x'JH/@xJ/'AF xA wH\')/A .)@FQ—)/A —Í@ 9U(AH A UFA 'Jx’Í@t êUJ /&AFJ) ë'Jxi
’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ —A wH\')/A .)@FQ—)/A v’’A ’J J’'A.J9J/J Jx'HJ A’ J‘)(Lx/)A’ —@
F@—J9@ .)@FQ—)/@t /@F ’UA Lx3A’J x@ ë’A.JHÁ J xA’ wH\')/A’ (U)A—A’ wJ9@’
ëA9(@H)'F@’Á J ëwH@'@/@9@’Át J @ ë’Jx')HÁt êUJt —JH)âA—@ —A’ J‘wJH)Lx/)A’ )x—)â)—Ui
A)’t /@9@/A @’ A(Jx'J’ 3HJx'J ü ’UA 3@HFA —J ëâ)âJHÁ A wH\')/A .)@FQ—)/A J 3HJx'J ü’
’UA’ HJwHJ’Jx'AÉWJ’ êUJ J’'Í@ wAHA A9QF —@ J’'H)'AFJx'J /)Jx'!3)/@
2 FJx/)@xA—A 'Jx’Í@ Q /@x’)—JHA—A w@H OUAH'J e ccfr /@F@ ëJ’'HU'UHAx'JÁ
xA 3@HFAÉÍ@ —A’ /)Lx/)A’ ’@/)A)’t JF J’wJ/)A9 xA Ax'H@w@9@()At êUJ ’J FAx)3J’'AH)A
wH@—Uõ)x—@ UFA J’wJ/)A9 A'JxÉÍ@ ü wAH'J ’JF wJH—JH —J â)’'A A’ '@'A9)õAÉWJ’ 5
AU'@H /&AFA J’'A HJ9AÉÍ@ —J ëUx)âJH’A9)õAÉÍ@ H@FXx')/AÁ v’’A Ux)âJH’A9)õAÉÍ@ H@i
FXx')/A J’'\t 'AF.QFt HJ39J')x—@ UFA ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ —@ 5/)—Jx'J êUJt A
wAH')H —@ —J’Jxâ@9â)FJx'@ /)Jx'!3)/@t /@x’)—JHA /Jx'HA9 A —)’')xÉÍ@ Jx'HJ ’UMJ)'@ J
@.MJ'@ —J /@x&J/)FJx'@ 2 —)’')xÉÍ@ 3Ux—AFJx'A9 xA /)Lx/)A —@ 5/)—Jx'J 9JâA A
UFA HUw'UHA —A’ '@'A9)—A—J’ J ü ’JwAHAÉÍ@ Jx'HJ @ HA/)@xA9 i @ ë/)Jx'!3)/@Á i J A
J‘wJH)Lx/)A ëâ)â)—AÁt JF @w@’)ÉÍ@ A@ ’U’'Jx'A—@ wJ9A 'HA—)ÉÍ@ H@FXx')/A
8A ë.)@FJ—)/)xAÁt J’’A 'Jx’Í@ ’J FAx)3J’'At ’J(Ux—@ 0­H@x T@@— J NAH­
T@@— e czcC oufrt /@F@ UFA @w@’)ÉÍ@ Jx'HJ A’ —UA’ x@ÉWJ’ /Jx'HA)’ —J ë/@FwJi
'Lx/)AÁ J ë/U)—A—@’Á 2 wH)FJ)HA Q A’’@/)A—A ü 9)x(UA(JF —A’ /)Lx/)A’ .\’)/A’t —@’
/@x&J/)FJx'@’ J —A’ &A.)9)—A—J’ FQ—)/A’ eA êUJ FJ HJ3JH) Ax'JH)@HFJx'J /@F @
«’A.JH wkHi’J —)Ax'J —J UF wA/)Jx'JYry J A ’J(Ux—A Q A’’@/)A—A ü’ A')'U—J’ —J
/@FwA)‘Í@t —J JFwA')At @ HJ3JH)—@ A@’ «A’wJ/'@’ wJ’’@A)’ —A FJ—)/)xAY ç’'@ Q A@
êUJ @’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á ’J HJ3JHJF /@F@ ë@ A’wJ/'@ &UFAx@Á —J ’UA wH\')/At êUJ A9U—J
A@ êUJ Q /@x')x(Jx'J x@ ë—)A(x[’')/@Á FQ—)/@t FA’ êUJ Q J’’Jx/)A9 xA HJ9AÉÍ@
FQ—)/@iwA/)Jx'J
v’’A 'Jx’Í@t êUJ xÍ@ Jx/@x'HA UFA —J’/AH(A xA ë.)@FJ—)/)xAÁt wH@—Uõ)U
UFA wH)FAõ)A —A ë/@FwJ'Lx/)AÁ JF —J'H)FJx'@ —@’ ëA’wJ/'@’ &UFAx@’Át â)â)—@’t
A wAH')H —A )Fw@H'Xx/)A —@ .)@9[()/@t xA /@x’')'U)ÉÍ@ —@ ’A.JH FQ—)/@
vx/@x'HAi’J UFA —A’ FAx)3J’'AÉWJ’ —A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ x@ wH@/J’’@
—J J’/@9&A —@ /UH’@ —J FJ—)/)xA -AHA FU)'@’ J’'U—Ax'J’ A J’/@9&A J’'JâJ FAH/A—At

872
w@H UF 9A—@t wJ9A xJ/J’’)—A—J —J AMU—AH A’ wJ’’@A’y w@H @U'H@t w@H UFA )x/9)xAÉÍ@
wAHA A’ /)Lx/)A’ .)@9[()/A’ J JF J’wJ/)A9 wAHA A wJ’êU)’A v’’J’ —@)’ )x'JHJ’’J’
@H)()x\H)@’ FU—AF êUAx—@ @’ J’'U—Ax'J’ /@FJÉAF A Jx'A.U9AH HJ9AÉWJ’ /@F @’
wA/)Jx'J’ 5 wH)FJ)H@ FU—A w@HêUJ ’J (JHA UFA ’Jx’AÉÍ@ —J )Fw@'Lx/)A —)Ax'J —@
wA/)Jx'Jt UFA ’Jx’AÉÍ@ —J xÍ@ w@—JH AMU—\i9@t /@x3@HFJ ’J w@—J @.’JHâAH x@
HJ9A'@ —J s t A@ J‘w9)/AH w@HêUJ J’'U—@U FJ—)/)xAC

GOa -& á&?O&­Qa 6%É& )O%6Q3 áUQN(&)I3 -& 3Iè-&h áIUI )%)a Q )P-%êQ
3&)áU& 3%\­%"%êQO I 3&\OUI­]I iMMMcM G­6[Q &O ?O&U%I êIO3IU I 3&­3I][Q
-& I(:É%Q ?O& Q )P-%êQ )& êIO3IÉI iMMMca FJU )x'JHJ’’J JHA FU)'@ )—JA9)’i
'At JHA ’JH FQ—)/@ wAHA w@—JH AMU—AH A’ wJ’’@A’t áIUI U&3Q(É&U Q3 áUQN(&
)I3 -& 3Iè-&M OJw@)’ â@/L âA) ’J —Ax—@ /@x'A —J êUJ xÍ@ Q 'Ax'@ A’’)Ft
3& êqQêI êQ) O) )Q­6[Q -& êQ%3I3h I U&I(%-I-& P QO6UIa )O%6I3 É&ú&3
­[Q áQ-& êQ­3&\O%U Q ?O& ?O&UM e(H)3@’ FJU’r

v’’J /&@êUJ /@F ë@ HJA9Á êUJ 9JâA @’ J’'U—Ax'J’ A UFA FU—AxÉA —J J‘wJ/i
'A')âA’t 'AF.QF HJwJH/U'J JF ’JU )x'JHJ’’J wJ9A wJ’êU)’At 3A'@ êUJ w@—J ’JH
’UwJH—)FJx’)@xA—@ wJ9@ 'JF@H A@ 'HA'@ /@F @ wA/)Jx'Jt /@F@ J‘wWJ O C «JU (@’i
'AâA —J wJ’êU)’AHt JU —)õ)A êUJ xÍ@ )A A'Jx—JH wA/)Jx'J’t êUJ )A 3)/AH FJ')—A xUF
9A.@HA'[H)@ /@F F)/H@’/[w)@’t xÍ@ FJ )x'JHJ’’AâA A HJ9AÉÍ@ /@F @ wA/)Jx'JY
NA’t wAHA @U'H@’t /@F@ -A t UF —@’ /&J3J’t A —J’/@.JH'A —A HJ9AÉÍ@ /@F
@ wA/)Jx'J 9&J ’)(x)3)/@U @ Jx/@x'H@ /@F A FJ—)/)xA êUJ êUJH)AC «êUAx—@ '@êUJ)
UF wA/)Jx'J wJ9A wH)FJ)HA âJõt FJ —J) /@x'A —J êUJ xÍ@ ')x&A HJ'@F@y A! (@’'J) —A
wAH'J A’’)’'Jx/)A9Y
2 )x/9)xAÉÍ@ wAHA A wJ’êU)’A A/Jx'UAi’J x@’ wH)FJ)H@’ Ax@’ —@ /UH’@t êUAx—@ Q
3Ux—AFJx'A9 @ J’'U—@ —J 9A.@HA'[H)@t J‘wJH)Lx/)A xJ/J’’\H)A wAHA A AwHJx—)õA(JF —A
AxA'@F)A J —A 3)’)@9@()A 6Í@ Ax@’ JF êUJ @ J’'U—Ax'J /@FJÉA A HJ/J.JH A @H)Jx'AÉÍ@
.)@9@()/)’'A êUJ âA) ’JH —J'JHF)xAx'J JF ’UA 3@HFAÉÍ@t /@F )Fw@H'Ax'J’ /@x’JêKLxi
/)A’ wAHA A wH\')/A 8@ )x(HJ’’@ ü HJ’)—Lx/)At A@ /@FJÉAH A FAx'JH UF /@x'A'@ J’'HJ)'@
/@F @’ êUJ âÍ@ ’JH ’JU’ wA/)Jx'J’t A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁ Jx'HJ A 'Jx—Lx/)A .)@9@()/)’'At
x@FJA—A Ax'JH)@HFJx'Jt J A &UFAx)’'A A—êU)HJ '@—A ’UA ’)(x)3)/AÉÍ@
8@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’t A 'Jx’Í@ ’J FAx)3J’'A /@F@ UFA êUJ)‘A wJ9A 3@HFAÉÍ@
J’'H)'AFJx'J .)@9@()/)’'A êUJ ’J —\ xA 3A/U9—A—Jy FA’t êUAx—@ J9J’ wHA')/AF A
FJ—)/)xA /@')—)AxAFJx'Jt JF FA)@H @U FJx@H (HAUt /@x')xUAF /@F UFA @H)Jx'Ai
ÉÍ@ .)@9@()/)’'At AwJ’AH —J ’JU —)’/UH’@ J‘w9)/)'AH UFA wHJ@/UwAÉÍ@ @H)Jx'A—A wAHA
@ ’J) &UFAx@ 4 A.@H—A A êUJ’'Í@t x@’ ’J(U)x'J’ 'JHF@’C

f áIê%&­6& &3á&UI Q )Q)&­6Q &) ?O& ÉQê’ Q É&;I áIUI &0áQU (q& O)
)Q­6[Q -& êQ%3I3a & ÉQê’ ­[Q 6&) 6&)áQ áIUI 3&­6IU 3&a áIUI êQ­É&U
3IUh &­6[Q 3& 6Q)I Q &­"&U)Q êQ)Q O)I &­6%-I-& N%Qá3%êQ33Qê%I(alt I

873
áIU6& á3%êQ33Qê%I(a ÉQê’ ­[Q 6&) &) êQ­6IM ô áQU %33Q ?O&a ­Q I­Q
áI33I-Qa (&ÉI­6I)Q3 I ?O&36[Q -& ?O& &36'ÉI)Q3 "I(I­-Q )O%6Q áQOêQ
êQ) Q3 áIê%&­6&3a ?O& qIÉ:I)Q3 /HJ’/)—@ —@ w@x'@ —J â)’'A /)Jx'!3)/@ i
I )I%QU áIU6& -I3 êQ%3I3 ?O& IáU&­-& 3[Q N&) ê%&­6:"%êI3 iMMMcM RQê’ 3&
3Oá&UI ­Q ?O& 3&;I (&U & (&Ua )I3 A wAH'J A3J')âA ’@3HJ UFA )xâ@9UÉÍ@ GOa
?OI­-Q &­6U&%a "%êIÉI êQ­É&U3I­-Q -&áQ%3 -Q &0á&-%&­6&h I\QUI ­[QM
e(H)3@’ FJU’r

-AHA 4 t ü FJ—)—A êUJ wA’’A @ 'JFw@t «/A—A âJõ FA)’ â@/L ’J '@FA w)@H
8@ wH)x/!w)@t êUAx—@ F@HHJ UF wA/)Jx'J ’JUt â@/L /&@HAy —Jw@)’ âA) wA’’Ax—@Y
v J‘wHJ’’A A FJ’FA wHJ@/UwAÉÍ@y

f ?O& ­[Q \Q36Q I?O% P I U&(I][Q êQ) Q3 áIê%&­6&3h P )O%6Q "U%Ih &O
áUQêOUQ ?O& ­[Q 3&;Ia )I3 Q áIê%&­6& ?O& ­[Q (q& &­3%­Ia ?O& ­[Q 6&)
­I-I %­6&U&33I­6& áIUI 3& &36O-IUa P O) êI­Qa &36' I:a ­%­\OP) Q Q(qI
iMMMcM ,?O%a Q ?O& %)áQU6I P -&36IêIU 3& ­I áIU6& ê%&­6:"%êIM zI3 &Oa ­Q
á&33QI(a ­[Q ?O&UQ á&U-&U Q -%'(Q\Q êQ) Q áIê%&­6&h êQ­6IU (q& O)I
á%I-I ’ %)áQU6I­6&h )I3 ÉQê’ ÉI% 3& "Iú&­-Q )I%3 -OUQh &O 6&­6Q ­[Q )&
&­ÉQ(É&Ua e(H)3@’ FJU’r

v’’J wH@.9JFA 3@) A’’)xA9A—@ w@H 0­H@x T@@— J NAH­ T@@—t x@ 'HA.A9&@
Ax'JH)@HFJx'J /)'A—@t A@ J‘wHJ’’AHJF êUJ @’ FQ—)/@’ JF wH@/J’’@ —J 3@HFAÉÍ@
FAx)3J’'AF 'JF@H w@H xÍ@ w@—JHJF JêU)9).HAH @’ —@)’ /@Fw@xJx'J’ eë/@FwJ'Lxi
/)AÁ J ë/U)—A—@Ár êUJ J9J’ wJH/J.JF /@F@ J’’Jx/)A)’ A@ )—JA9 —@ FQ—)/@y —J F@—@
êUJ ’JH)A «JF ’JU J’3@HÉ@ w@H 9@(HAH /@FwJ'Lx/)A êUJ J9J’ wJH—JF A’ êUA9)—A—J’
—J /U)—A—@’ êUJ )x)/)A9FJx'J @’ A'HA)U ü FJ—)/)xAY eT@@— a T@@—t czcC oufr
2’ wHJ@/UwAÉWJ’ w@—JF xÍ@ J’'AH âJH.A9)õA—A’t FA’ ’J J‘wHJ’’AF xA’ A')'U—J’
/@')—)AxA’ —@’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á ” @ /A’@ —J l t UF 1 9t êUJ F@’'H@Ut x@ 'HA'@ /@F UF
wA/)Jx'Jt 2 t UFA wHJ@/UwAÉÍ@ w@H ’JU .JFiJ’'AH wAHA A9QF —@ /U)—A—@ J’'H)'AFJx'J
FQ—)/@ l wH@wk’ A ’JU /&J3J —J ’A9A FAx—AH 2 wAHA /A’At M\ êUJ ’[ J’'AâA J’wJHAxi
—@ @ HJ’U9'A—@ —A .)@w’)Ay J9J /@x’)—JHAâA êUJ JF /A’A J’'AH)A FJ9&@H —@ êUJ x@
&@’w)'A9 e’UA wHJ@/UwAÉÍ@ JHA wJ9@ wA/)Jx'Jt xÍ@ wJ9@’ /U’'@’ &@’w)'A9AHJ’r O)A’ —Ji
w@)’t UFA 1 9t x@ F@FJx'@ JF êUJ l Jx'HA xA ë’A9Ai—JiJ’'AH —A HJ’)—Lx/)AÁt /@FJx'A
êUJ l J’'AâA —JwH)F)—@ w@HêUJ 2 &Aâ)A F@HH)—@ l t Jx'Í@t /@FJÉA A 3A9AHC

5&% (q& I(6I I6P ?O& 3I:33& I N%Qá3%Ia & êqI)QO I %U)[ V-&(&j áQU?O&
3&­6%I -QU&3 iMMMc -%33& I &(Id WP NQ) 6UIú’ (Q áQU?O& I êI)I ora ­I ?OI(
&(& &36IÉIa &36' -&3QêOáI-IÆh )I3a ?OI­-Q 3I%Oa &36IÉI )O%6Q )I\UQ
iMMMc ÉQ(6QO I 3& %­6&U­IUM .I 3&\O­-Ia 2 ­Q%6&a &36IÉI &) )%­qI êI3Ia
É&­-Q 6&(&É%3[Qh (%\O&% áIUI 3IN&U êQ)Q &36IÉIa & )& -%33&UI) ?O&
qIÉ%I )QUU%-QM

20n
8@ —)A ’J(U)x'Jt J’'\âAF@’ xA ë’A9Ai—JiJ’'AH —A HJ’)—Lx/)AÁt êUAx—@ Jx'HA
l J —)õC «’A.JF êUJ 3U) A@ ’JwU9'AFJx'@ —J 2 hY P@—@’ @’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á e’JF
wAHAH @ êUJ J’'AâAF 3AõJx—@r /@FJÉAHAF UF —)\9@(@ Tt 1ot /@FJx'@UC «xÍ@t
/@F@ â@/L 3Jõ )’’@h 8Í@ FJ wAHJ/J /@xâJx)Jx'J êUJ @ FQ—)/@ â\ A@ ’JwU9'AFJxi
'@ —@ Jx3JHF@Y e r «8Í@ A/HJ—)'@SYt —)’’J N t 1 9 vx'Í@t l HJ’w@x—JC «w@HêUJ
JU 3A9J) /@F A 3)9&At J’'AâAF wJH'@ —J F)x&A /A’A J 3U)Yy «JU A/&@ êUJ J’'\ .JFYt
/@x/@H—@U 7 t 1 9 8J’’J F@FJx'@t 9JâAx'AHAFi’J A9(Ux’t @ êUJ )x'JHH@FwJU @
—)\9@(@ t mu JxêUAx'@ AwH@âJ)'J) wAHA wJH(Ux'AH A l w@H êUJ J9J ')x&A )—@ A@ Jx'JHH@y
J J9J FJ HJ’w@x—JC «JU (@’'AâA —J9Jy @ @U'H@ —)At êUAx—@ 3U)t J’'AâA FA9 e rt JU M\
’A.)A êUJ )A F@HHJHt J’'AâA 'JHF)xA9t A 3AF!9)A 'AF.QF ’A.)A ^ x@)'Jt 'J9J3@xJ) J
FJ —)’’JHAF êUJ &Aâ)A F@HH)—@Y
jF F@FJx'@ —Jw@)’t êUAx—@ â@9'J) A âJH T t A 1o —@ —)\9@(@t wJH(Ux'J)i9&J
w@H êUJ /@x’)—JHAâA êUJ l xÍ@ —JâJH)A 'JH )—@ A@ ’JwU9'AFJx'@ v9A FJ —)’’JC «xÍ@
’J)t A/&@ êUJ Q UF JHH@ w@HêUJ UFA wJ’’@A ’J /@FwH@FJ'J A3J')âAFJx'J A'Q /JH'@
w@x'@t FA’ wAHA A9QFt xÍ@ e rt w@H A! 'A9âJõt Q UF FJ/Ax)’F@ —J —J3J’At xÍ@ ’J)Y
1 t êUJ J’'AâA J’/U'Ax—@ A HJ’w@’'A —J T t /HL êUJ @ 3A'@ —J ’JHJF )x'JHx@’
3Aõ /@F êUJ xÍ@ —JâAF ’J /@FwH@FJ'JHt w@HêUJ xÍ@ &@UâJ UFA @wÉÍ@ —@ wA/)i
Jx'J xA J’/@9&A —@ FQ—)/@ 7UJH —)õJHt @’ wA/)Jx'J’ xÍ@ @’ J’/@9&JHAFt xA âJH—Ai
—Jt 3@HAFi9&J A’’)xA9A—A’ A’ /AFA’ wJ9A’ êUA)’ ’JH)AF HJ’w@x’\âJ)’
5 —)\9@(@ F@’'HA A’ —)3JHJx'J’ A')'U—J’ —@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ —)Ax'J —J UF wH@.9Ji
FA /@')—)Ax@ /@F@ Q A F@H'J —J UF wA/)Jx'J 29(Ux’ —)’’@/)AF @ ëA3J')â@Áy @Ui
'H@’t /@F@ l t â)âJF A HJ9AÉÍ@ /@F A9(Ux’ —@’ wA/)Jx'J’ JF 3@HFA '@'A9t xÍ@
w@—Jx—@ ’JwAHAH @ êUJ Q J‘/9U’)âAFJx'J FQ—)/@i/)Jx'!3)/@ —@ êUJ Q ’U.MJ')â@t
JF@/)@xA9 2 wJH(Ux'A êUJ J’'AâA x@ AHt FA’ êUJ x)x(UQF 3@HFU9@Ut AwJ’AH —J 'JH
’)—@ HJ’w@x—)—At JHAC 7UAx'@ ’J /@FwH@FJ'JH /@F @’ wA/)Jx'J’h 5Ut wAHA J‘wHJ’’\i
9@ —J @U'HA 3@HFAC /@F@ 9)—AH /@F J’’J A’wJ/'@ —@ 3AõJH /@')—)Ax@ êUJ /@9@/A @
FQ—)/@ 3HJx'J A 3HJx'J /@F @ Jx3JHF@ /@F@ '@'A9)—A—Jh
4@F v t m UF wA/)Jx'J —J 7 t Jx/@x'HAi’J @U'H@ ë—HAFAÁ x@ êUA9 FJ â) —)HJi
'AFJx'J Jxâ@9â)—@ mm 8A wA’’A(JF —J ’A9A —@ —)A Ax'JH)@Ht A@ ’J )x'J)HAH —@ ë—)A(x[’i
')/@Át v ’J F@’'H@U /@@wJHA')â@ J /@F .@F &UF@Ht xÍ@ JHA UF wA/)Jx'J êUJ ')âJ’’J
UFA A')'U—J wA’’)âAt —)A9@(AâA /@F A9Ux@’ J /@F FQ—)/@’ 8J’’J FJ)@i—)At —Jw@)’
—A wA’’A(JFt ’@U.J êUJ 9&J &Aâ)AF —)'@ êUJ )H)AF @wJH\i9@ -Jx’J)t Jx'Í@t êUJ ’JH)A
.@Ft xA FAx&Í ’J(U)x'Jt Jx/@x'H\i9@ wAHA âJH /@F@ ')x&A HJA()—@
8@ —)A ’J(U)x'Jt êUAx—@ 3U) ü ’A9At v J’'AâA âJ’')—@ /@F@ wHJwAHA—@ wAHA
—J)‘AH @ &@’w)'A9t J Jx/@x'H@U 7 t @ HJ’)—Jx'Jt /@xâJH’Ax—@ /@F UFA ’@.H)x&A —J
v t A êUJF J’'AâA wJH(Ux'Ax—@C «2x'J’ xÍ@ ')x&A xA—Ah -@H êUJ xÍ@ Jx'Jx—JF@’
êUJt ’J Q UFA 9J’Í@ FA9)(xAt 'Jx&A ’J —J’Jxâ@9â)—@ JF —@)’ FJ’J’Y 2 ’@.H)x&A
9&J HJ’w@x—JU êUJ xÍ@t êUJ xÍ@ &Aâ)A ')—@ xA—A
876
7UAx—@ Jx'HJ) x@ êUAH'@t â) v FU)'@ A.A')—@t —)õJx—@ êUJ xÍ@ êUJH)A @wJi
HAHi’J J êUJ A’ w!9U9A’ 9&J J’'AâAF AHHJ.Jx'Ax—@ @ J’'kFA(@ 7 9&J J‘w9)/@U A’
/@x’JêKLx/)A’ —A @wJHAÉÍ@ exJ’’J F@FJx'@t A ’@.H)x&A â)H@U —J /@’'A’ wAHA v t
wAHA êUJ xÍ@ A â)’’J 9A/H)FJMAHrt FA’ A@ FJ’F@ 'JFw@ 9&J —)’’J êUJ 3A9AH)A /@F
@’ @x/@9@()’'A’ wAHA âJH ’J &AâJH)A UF 'HA'AFJx'@ êUJ xÍ@ 3@’’J @ /)HèH()/@y A@
êUJ v HJ’w@x—JU êUJ xÍ@ êUJH)A @wJHAHi’Jt êUJ )H)A JF.@HA J êUJt ’J ')x&A —J
F@HHJHt )H)A F@HHJH A’’)F 8J’’J F@FJx'@t Jx'HA T t A 1o —J 7 t êUJ 'Jx'@U
/@xâJx/JH v A @wJHAHi’J -@HQFt v wAHJ/)A M\ 'JH '@FA—@ A ’UA —J/)’Í@ J —)’’JC
«xÍ@t xÍ@Y T t Jx'Í@t 9&J HJ’w@x—JUC «.@Ft J’'\ .JFY J @’ —@)’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á ’A!i
HAF —@ êUAH'@
-AHA @’ FQ—)/@’t A )x'JHâJxÉÍ@ 'JHF)xAâA A!t @ wA/)Jx'J xÍ@ A/J)'AâA @
'HA'AFJx'@ J ’J HJ')HAâA —@ &@’w)'A9 vU FJ )x/@Hw@HJ) xA @U'HA wA’’A(JF —J ’A9A J
/@x')xUJ) @.’JHâAx—@ @ êUAH'@ —J v jF F@FJx'@ —Jw@)’t â)i@ ’A)H /@F ’UA
.@9’At —JâA(AHt @9&Ax—@ @ /&Í@t AHHA’'Ax—@ @’ wQ’ J /@F @’ 'Lx)’ —J’AFAHHA—@’y
FA’ @ êUJ /@x’)—JHJ) FA)’ ’)(x)3)/A')â@ 3@) êUJ ’A)U /@Fw9J'AFJx'J ’[ ç’’@ FJ
3Jõ ’J(U)i9@t wAHA âJH ’J A9(UF FQ—)/@ 9&J —)õ)A UFA wA9AâHA —J Aw@)@ 7UAx—@
J’'AâA wAHA —J’/JH A J’/A—A wAHA ’A)H —@ wAâ)9&Í@t N t UFA 1 9t 9&J —)’’J e/@F UF
'@F AF\âJ9rC «v t â@/L J’'\ x@’ —J)‘Ax—@hY I@(@ —Jw@)’t 7 AwAHJ/JU J 9&J —)’’JC
«J’wJHJ v t âAF@’ x@’ ’Jx'AH wAHA /@xâJH’AH UF w@U/@Yt A@ êUJ v HJ’w@x—JUC
«xÍ@t xÍ@Yt J /@FJÉ@U A —J’/JH A’ J’/A—A’ ” A! êUJ /HUõJ) /@F 7 J 9&J ’U(JH)
JF â@õ .A)‘AC «A/@FwAx&Ji@Y mo 7UAx—@ w@’'JH)@HFJx'J 3A9J) /@F 7 t J9J FJ
—)’’J êUJ &\ 'HL’ FJ’J’ UFA )HFÍ —J v ')x&A F@HH)—@ —J /Xx/JH J &\ UF Ax@t UF
)HFÍ@ mg O)Ax'J —A’ F)x&A’ —J’/U9wA’ w@H 'JH FJ ëFJ')—@Át FJ HJ’w@x—JUC

.[Qa &36' N&)t áQU I: I \&­6& ­[Q 3& -' êQ­6I -& ?O& &36' "Iú&­-Q I(\Q
)I( iMMMcM ,êQ)áI­q&% Q %­ê(O3%É& áIUI )& áUQ6&\&Ua áQU?O& "Q% 3& &)
NQUI êQ) O)I %­"&ê][Q ­Q áP & áQ-& á%QUIU iMMMcM FOI­-Q (q& &0á(%?O&%
Q ?O& 6%­qIa )& -%33& ?O& ­[Q ?O&U%I &3á&UIUM G &36' N&)a &O 6&U%I "&%6Q
Q )&3)Qa Q wHJ3JH!âJ9 êUJ F@HHA —J ’UA Jx3JHF)—A—J J xÍ@ —A Jx3JHF)—A—J
—@’ FQ—)/@’t I êIUI -&(& %I "%êIU )O%6Q -&"QU)I-Ia e(H)3@’ FJU’r

8A ’JêKLx/)At @.’JHâAi’J êUJ 7 'JâJ —J J‘w9)/AH A v ’UA Jx3JHF)—A—J


e«&@MJ A/A.@U —J '@FAH /@x&J/)FJx'@ —J êUJ JHA UF 'UF@Ht J9J @ A’’@/)AâA /@F
A9(@ êUJ wk’ x@ xAH)õYt FJ —)’’J —Jw@)’r J ’JU 'HA'AFJx'@t FA’t JF ’UA’ wA9AâHA’
J JF ’UA A')'U—Jt w@—Ji’J @.’JHâAH UFA wH@3Ux—A 'Jx’Í@ Jx'HJ @ J’')wU9A—@ x@’
wH@'@/@9@’ FQ—)/@’ J A J‘wJH)Lx/)A 'A9 /@F@ J9J A â)âJ
v’’A FJ’FA ’JêKLx/)A Jt 3Ux—AFJx'A9FJx'Jt A —)3JHJxÉA êUJ 7 J’'A.J9J/J
Jx'HJ A ëJx3JHF)—A—J —@’ FQ—)/@’Á J A ëJx3JHF)—A—J —@ Jx3JHF@Á 9JF.HA A —)’')xi
ÉÍ@ HJA9)õA—A w@H 2H'&UH à9J)xFAx e cpzr Jx'HJ %((­&33a -%3&I3& J 3%êx­&33M 5 wH)i

87
FJ)H@ /@x/J)'@ HJ’(A'AH)A A J‘wJH)Lx/)A wJ’’@A9t ’@/)A9 J /U9'UHA9 Ax'J A
—)’3Ux/)@xA9)—A—Jt Ax'J A Jx3JHF)—A—Jy @ ’J(Ux—@ 'HA'AH)A —A’ Ax@HFA9)—A—J’ J
—)’3Ux/)@xA9)—A—J’ —@’ wH@/J’’@’ .)@9[()/@’ J w’)/@3)’)@9[()/@’t A wAH')H —@ w@x'@
—J â)’'A —@ wAHA—)(FA .)@FQ—)/@ -@H è9')F@t 3%êx­&33 A9U—J A@ 3JxkFJx@ '@'A9t —@
êUA9 %((­&33 J -%3&I3& xÍ@ HJ39J'JF FA)’ —@ êUJ A’wJ/'@’ wAH/)A)’ 8@ J‘JFw9@
Ax'JH)@Ht 7 J’'AâA J‘w9)/Ax—@ A ’)'UAÉÍ@ A wAH')H —@ w@x'@ —J â)’'A .)@FQ—)/@t
-%3&I3& eAwJ’AH —J â)âLi9A —J UFA 3@HFA FA)’ /@FwH@FJ')—Art J v J’'AâA AxA9)i
’Ax—@ A ’)'UAÉÍ@ A wAH')H —J ’JU w@x'@ —J â)’'At %((­&33M
ãJAx 49AâHJU9 e czor 'HA.A9&@U J’’A —)3JHJx/)AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ A’ —UA’ â)’WJ’ ’@.HJ
A Jx3JHF)—A—Jt A —@ FQ—)/@ J A —@ Jx3JHF@t J ’U’'Jx'A êUJt A@ JxUx/)AH A w@’)ÉÍ@ —@
FQ—)/@t ’J AwA(AH)A A w@’)ÉÍ@ —@ Jx3JHF@t â)’'@ êUJ J’'J è9')F@ ’JFwHJ J’'\ —J
A/@H—@ /@F A w@’)ÉÍ@ —@ FQ—)/@t wJ9@ êUJ A/J)'A ’U.FJ'JHi’J A@’ J‘AFJ’ J 'HA'Ai
FJx'@’ wH@w@’'@’ 2 ’JêKLx/)A J‘w@’'A Ax'JH)@HFJx'Jt ’J .JF êUJ xÍ@ /@x'HA—)(A @
êUJ 49AâHJU9 ’U’'Jx'At F@’'HA /@F@t êUAx—@ @ Jx3JHF@ xÍ@ A/J)'A A w@’)ÉÍ@ —@
FQ—)/@t J êUAx—@ xÍ@ 9&J wJHF)'J A'UAH wAHA 9)âH\i9@ —J ’UA Jx3JHF)—A—Jt (JHAFi’J
F@FJx'@’ —J 'Jx’Í@ w@HêUJ J’/AwAF A@ /UH’@ /@')—)Ax@ —@’ A/@x'J/)FJx'@’t A@
êUJ Q J’wJH\âJ9 —J UFA HJ9AÉÍ@ FQ—)/@iwA/)Jx'J eA wAH')H —@ w@x'@ —J â)’'A —@ FQ—)i
/@r NAx)3J’'Ai’Jt —J’’A 3@HFAt A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁt w@HêUJt —)Ax'J —A xJ(AÉÍ@
—J v JF A/J)'AH @ ë’A.JHÁt A@ xÍ@ —J)‘AH êUJ J’'J /@x')xUJ —)H)()x—@ A ’)'UAÉÍ@t A.HJ
@ /AF)x&@ wAHA êUJ @ ë’Jx')HÁ ’J J‘wHJ’’J JF '@—@ @ ’JU w@'Jx/)A9
vF /JH'A FJ—)—At '@—@’ @’ ëHJ’)—Jx'J’Á ')âJHAF A9(UFA’ J‘wJH)Lx/)A’ —J’’J
')w@t FA’ J‘)’'J UFA 'Jx—Lx/)At —Jx'H@ —@ w@’’!âJ9t wAHA Jâ)'\i9A’t M\ êUJ ’Í@ @’ ')w@’
—J J‘wJH)Lx/)A’ —)Ax'J —A’ êUA)’ xÍ@ w@—JF —J)‘AH —J Jxâ@9âJHi’J 2 wAH')H —A J‘wJH)i
Lx/)A —J 7 /@F v t 9JâAx'Ai’J A —èâ)—Ay @ êUJ 3AõJH —)Ax'J —@’ wA/)Jx'J’ 'JHF)xA)’h 2
’J wJH(Ux'At w@H /AU’A —J UFA wA/)Jx'J —J zu Ax@’ /@F 9JU/JF)At A êUJF wH@wWJF
3AõJH êU)F)@'JHAw)AC «FA’ A êU)F)@'JHAw)A FA'A UF (AH@'@ —J m u Ax@’t )FA()xJ J’'A
âJ9&Ay w@H êUJ xÍ@ —J)‘AH êUJ â\ wAHA /A’A J F@HHA —@ /UH’@ xA'UHA9 —J ’UA Jx3JHF)—Ai
—Jh NA’ xÍ@t @’ @x/@9@()’'A’ —)õJF êUJ 'LF —J 3AõJH @ 'HA'AFJx'@t êUJ IêI-&)%êI
)&­6& &36' &36%áO(I-Q I33%) Y e(H)3@’ FJU’r
2 'Jx’Í@ êUJ 2 J’'\ F@’'HAx—@ x@ HJ9A'@ w@—JH)A J‘wHJ’’AHi’J xA wJH(Ux'AC
êUJ ’Jx')—@ 'JF A! @ A/A—LF)/@h -@H êUJ xÍ@ —J)‘\i9A )H JF.@HAh OJ @U'H@ F@—@t A
—èâ)—A ’J 9JâAx'AC êUJ 3AõJHh i @ êUJ ë—)'AÁ @ ë’A.JHÁt @U @ êUJ ’J A/HJ—)'A ’JH @
/@HHJ'@ xJ’’J /A’@h
OJ’—J @ F@FJx'@ JF êUJ @’ M@âJx’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ Jx'HAF x@ &@’w)'A9t w@—Ji’J
—)õJH êUJ ’@3HJF UF wH@/J’’@ —J Jx/@UHAÉAFJx'@t —J /@x’'HUÉÍ@ —J —J3J’A’ —A’
êUA)’ 3A9AâA T ç’’@ Q @ êUJ 9&J’ wJHF)'J Jx3HJx'AH ’)'UAÉWJ’ JF êUJ 'LF —J 'HA'AH
wA/)Jx'J’ 'JHF)xA)’t xA’ êUA)’ @’ /H)'QH)@’ FQ—)/@’ ’J /HUõAF /@F wH@.9JFA’
Q')/@’ @U /@F @’ A’wJ/'@’ &UFAx@’ —A —)’/)w9)xA
870
6J .JF êUJ @’ J‘JFw9@’ F@’'HJF UFA (JxU!xA wHJ@/UwAÉÍ@ /@F @’ wA/)i
Jx'J’ /@F@ wJ’’@A’t A @H)Jx'AÉÍ@ —J ’UA wH\')/A Q .)@9@()/)’'A t mf w@HêUJ J’’A’
wHJ@/UwAÉWJ’ ’UH(JF êUAx—@ 'LF UF /A’@ 'JHF)xA9 @U êUAx—@t w@H A9(UFA HAõÍ@
e/@F@ w@—J ’JH UFA Jx'HJâ)’'A /@F UF Ax'H@w[9@(@ )x'JHJ’’A—@ xJ’’A’ êUJ’i
'WJ’rt HJ39J'JF ’@.HJ ’UA wH\')/Ay FA’t x@ /@')—)Ax@t xÍ@ @ 3AõJF 2 HAõÍ@ wJ9A
êUA9 xÍ@ @ 3AõJF Q w@H 3A9'A —J 'JFw@t w@HêUJ A êUAx')—A—J —J 'HA.A9&@ xÍ@ 9&J’
—J)‘A 'JFw@ wAHA êUJ wJx’JF x@U'H@ A’wJ/'@ êUJ xÍ@ ’JMA @ 'JHAwLU')/@
2! âLi’J /@F /9AHJõA A —UA9)—A—J Jx'HJ @’ A’wJ/'@’ 'JHAwLU')/@’t /AHHJ(Ai
—@’ /@F UFA —@’J —J @.MJ')â)—A—Jt J @’ A’wJ/'@’ &UFAx@’t êUJ ’JH)AF ’U.MJ')â@’
J ’J/Ux—\H)@’ JF HJ9AÉÍ@ ü’ 3UxÉWJ’ 'JHAwLU')/A’ s t UF 1 9t /@FJx'AC

9Q) 6I­6Q 6UINI(qQa ÉQê’ êQ)Q ?O& á&U-& -& É%36I iMMMc ?O& â@/L ’J
—J—)/A FA)’ A@ ’JU 'HA.A9&@ J wJH—J —J â)’'A @ wA/)Jx'Jt /@F@ ’JH êUJ
wJx’At êUJ ’Jx'J ô 6I­6Q 6UINI(qQ ?O& ÉQê’ ­[Q 6&) 6&)áQ -& á&­3IU
­Q áIê%&­6&h &a &­6[Qa ­I êI)I oDa ÉQê’ 6&) O)I áI­êU&I6%6& & áIUI
O)I áI­êU&I6%6& ÉQê’ 6&) ?O& á&-%U O)I &êQ\UI"%IM zI3a ÉQê’ ­[Q 6&)
O)I áI­êU&I6%6&a ÉQê’ 6&) O) áIê%&­6&a O)I á&33QI ?O& 6&) O) 3Q"U%
)&­6Q ?O& áUQÉIÉ&()&­6& 3& -&É& I &33I áI­êU&I6%6&M G36I)Q3 6[Q êQ­
ê&­6UI-Q3 ­%33Q ?O& á&U-&)Q3 -& É%36I Q QO6UQh )I3 Pa 3Ux—AFJx'A9FJxi
'Jt UFA êUJ’'Í@ —J 'JFw@ À ­Q%6& &O ­[Q áQ33Q -QU)%U á&­3I­-Q &)
êI-I áIê%&­6&a e(H)3@’ FJU’r

2 /&AâJ J’'\ w@’'A xJ’’A wA9AâHA ë3Ux—AFJx'A9FJx'JÁ 4A.Jt Jx'Í@t )x—Ai


(AH êUAx'@ ’J —JâJ A J’’A 3A9'A —J 'JFw@t J êUAx'@ ü )—Q)A —J êUJ @ ë&UFAx@Á xÍ@
)x39U) x@ 'HA'AFJx'@h
OJ /JH'A 3@HFAt 7 'HA'A —J HJ’w@x—JH ü êUJ’'Í@C

FOI­-Q ÉQê’ &36' ­Q êQ)&]Q -Q êOU3Qa (q& áIU&ê& ?O& P )I%3 %)áQU6I­
6& Q 6UI6I)&­6Q áIUI -&6&U)%­I-I áI6Q(Q\%Ia -Q ?O& êQ)Q -&É&U%I 3&U
I U&(I][Q )P-%êQ áIê%&­6& QO ?O&36■&3 P6%êI3 iMMMcM FOI­-Q ÉQê’ )&
á&U\O­6QOa )&-%6&% & -%33&d WP O)I á&33QIa Iá&3IU -& ?O& -&áQ%3 (q&
-%\I P I êI)I 6I( QO P O)I \(%ê&)%I -& 6I­6QÆ iMMMcM 8A wH\')/A /@')—)AxAt
FJ J’êUJÉ@ êUJ Q UFA wJ’’@Ay Q UF /A’@t A'Q êUJ A/@x'J/JF /@)’A’
/@F@ A —J &@MJ ?O& (q& "Iú&) )Q36UIU I (&3[Q -%I­6& -& 6Q-Q3h I6P &33&
)Q)&­6Qa &UI O) CíR áQ3%6%ÉQa &UI I êI)I Dh ­&33& )Q)&­6Qa )& -&%
êQ­6I -& ?O& &UI O)I á&33QIa e(H)3@’ FJU’r

2 @U'HA HAõÍ@ —J’’J ëJ’êUJ/)FJx'@Á ’J HJ9A/)@xA /@F @ êUJ —)õ s C «â@/L ’J


—J—)/A FA)’ A ’JU 'HA.A9&@YC )’’@ )Fw9)/A êUJ J’/U'AH @ wA/)Jx'J xÍ@ ’JH)A wAH'J —J
’UA’ wHJ@/UwAÉWJ’h 5U @ Qt FA’ /@F@ UF A’wJ/'@ ’J/Ux—\H)@t ’JF )Fw@H'Xx/)Ah

220
ã J‘wHJ’’A A)x—A FA)’ /9AHAFJx'J A —UA9)—A—J /@F A êUA9 ’J Jx3HJx'AF @’
HJ’)—Jx'J’ x@ wH@/J’’@ —J AwHJx—)õA(JF J ëâLÁ /@F@ J9J’ ’Í@ @ wH@—U'@ —J UFA
3@HFAÉÍ@ wH@3)’’)@xA9t FA’ @ A/J)'A ’JF êUJ’')@xAH A’ /@x’JêKLx/)A’ —J9JC

f ?O& IêQ­6&ê& P ?O& ­43 3Q)Q3 áUQ"%33%Q­I%3h "Q)Q3 6U&%­I-Q3 áIUI O)I
áUQ"%33[Q ?O& 6&) 3&O3 )P6Q-Q3a 6&) 3&O3 áI33Q3a 23 É&ú&3 %­-&á&­-&­6&
)&­6& -I áIU6& qO)I­I -Q áIê%&­6&h 23 É&ú&3 ­Q3 &0ê&-&)Q3h )I3 ­[Q P
?O& ­Q3 &0ê&-I)Q3a )I3 3%) ?O& —J)‘AF@’ —J 9A—@ @ wA/)Jx'J xA wAH'J
&UFAxA J x@’ /@x/Jx'HAF@’ x@ J’'H)'AFJx'J wH@3)’’)@xA9t e(H)3@’ FJU’r

2 ’JwAHAÉÍ@ Jx'HJ ë@ wH@3)’’)@xA9Á J ë@ &UFAx@Á Q —JH)âA—A —A 3@HFAÉÍ@


wAU'A—A x@ F@—J9@ .)@FQ—)/@ ç’'@ )x—)/A êUJ J‘)’'JF —J'JHF)xA—A’ /AHA/'JH!’')i
/A’ —@’ wA/)Jx'J’ êUJt wAHA J9J’t ’Í@ 'HA'\âJ)’ J @U'HA’t xÍ@y xÍ@ @.’'Ax'Jt HJ/@i
x&J/JF êUJt JF —J'JHF)xA—A’ /)H/Ux’'Xx/)A’t w@—JF 'JH J3J)'@’ ’@.HJ @ /UH’@ —A
Jx3JHF)—A—J 2’’)F wJx’A 4 t êUJ A/HJ—)'A êUJ UFA .@A HJ9AÉÍ@ /@F @ Jx3JHF@
AMU—A x@ 'HA'AFJx'@C «/HJ)@ êUJ UF .@F 'HA'@ )x39U) x@ 'HA'AFJx'@t FA’ FJ FA'AF
’J FJ J’/U'AF —)õJH )’’@Y NA’t J’’A xÍ@ Q A @w)x)Í@ —J 5 t êUJ /@x’)—JHA êUJC

ç& Q áIê%&­6& P q%á&U6&­3Q & 6&) áUQN(&)I3 êQ) 3OI "I):(%Ia ­43 ÉI)Q3
&36O-IU %33Qa áQU?O& ÉI% êQ­6U%NO%U áIUI 3&O N&) &36IUh )I3 ­[Q êQ­
"O­-%U I3 êQ%3I3M .[Q P áQU?O& (q& 3Q(Oê%Q­I)Q3 Q3 áUQN(&)I3 "I)%(%I
U&3 ?O& ÉI)Q3 (q& 3Q(Oê%Q­IU I áU&33[Qa ­[QM , áU&33[Qa ­43 I 3Q(Oê%Q
­I)Q3 êQ) )&-%êI)&­6Q3M

-AHA A FA)@H)At A /@x3)AxÉA J @ 'HA'@ ’[ )x39UJF w@HêUJ @ wA/)Jx'J /UFwH)H\


FJ9&@H @ 'HA'AFJx'@t FA’ xÍ@ A9'JHAF @’ HJ’U9'A—@’ v’’A Q w@’)ÉÍ@ —J l C «UFA
.@A HJ9AÉÍ@ xÍ@ )x39U) x@ 'HA'AFJx'@t w@HêUJt ’J â@/L 'JF UF wA/)Jx'J 'JHF)xA9t
w@H FA)’ êUJ e r 8Í@t x@ 'HA'AFJx'@ xÍ@ )x39U)t FA’ x@ wJ’’@A9 ’)Ft x@ J’'A—@
—J Xx)F@t ’)FY md
2 OHA s /@x/@H—A /@F @ êUJ wJx’AF @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’t AwJ’AH —J 'JHi’J
3@HFA—@ JF UFA Qw@/A —)3JHJx'J 4@x’)—JHA êUJ UFA 3@HFAÉÍ@ 'J/x)/)’'A wH@—Ui
õ)H)A wH@.9JFA’ wAHA Jx'Jx—JH @ wA/)Jx'J 23)HFAt 'J‘'UAMFJx'JC

GO 6&­qQ O)I "QU)I][Q 6[Q 6&ê­%ê%36I ?O& )& êO36I á&­3IU ?O& O)I
&­"&U)I áQ33I 6&U 3OI á3%?O& I(6&UI-IM LU%)&%UQa 6&­qQ ?O& )& êQ­É&­
ê&U -& ?O& ­[Q 6&) ­I-I QU\°­%êQM ã&)Q3 O)I "QU)I][Q -&"%ê%6'U%I iMMMc
3& I(\OP) á&­3I ?O& I á&33QI P &(I & 3OI ê%UêO­36°­ê%Ia I á&33QI 6&) -&
á&­3IU ­I3 %­"(O’­ê%I3 -I3 ê%UêO­36°­ê%I3 ­Q qQ)&)a ­I áI6Q(Q\%I -%\I
)Q3a FA’t xÍ@ @.’'Ax'J ’A.JH )’’@t JU FJ xJ(@ A A/J)'\i9@ e(H)3@’ FJU’r
jFA wH@âA —J êUJ A wHJ@/UwAÉÍ@ wJ9@ ëwH@3)’’)@xA9Át JF —J'H)FJx'@ —@ ë&Ui
FAx@Át Q UFA /@x’JêKLx/)A —@ F@—J9@ .)@FQ—)/@t x@ êUA9 @’ FQ—)/@’ ’Í@ 3@HFAi
—@’t w@—J ’JH @.’JHâA—A x@ 'J‘'@ —J sA&x e czfrt x@ êUA9 3Aõ UF HJ'HA'@ —A’ HJwHJi
’Jx'AÉWJ’ —J UF FQ—)/@ J’wJ/)A9)’'A JF FJ—)/)xA )x'JHxA 5 AU'@H —J’'A/At )x)/)A9i
FJx'Jt êUJ @’ —@)’ /@x’J9&@’ êUJ @ FQ—)/@ )x'JHx@ —\ A ’JU’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ i «J’/U'JF
@ wA/)Jx'JY J «3AÉAF A &)’'[H)A —@ wA/)Jx'JY it AwAHJx'JFJx'Jt J’'Í@ JF /@x3@HF)—A—J
/@F @ /@FwH@F)’’@ A'UA9 —J 'HA'AH A '@'A9)—A—J —A wJ’’@At @’ )x'JHJ’’J’ —@ wA/)Jx'Jt
)x—)â)—UA9)—A—Jt /@x'J‘'@ J'/ vx'HJ'Ax'@t w@’'JH)@HFJx'Jt J‘wHJ’’AC

J’’J /@FwH@F)’’@ Q Jx(Ax@’@ 0AHH­ ôx@FJ 3)/'!/)@ êUJ @ AU'@H —\ A@


FQ—)/@í HJ—)HJ/)@xA A )x3@HFAÉÍ@ —J9)F)'A—At —J—Uõ)—A —@ wA/)Jx'J wAHA
@ J‘AFJ 3)’)@9[()/@ ëv’/U'JF @ wA/)Jx'JÁ J ë!AÉAF A &)’'[H)A —@ wA/)Jx'JÁ
xÍ@ ’Í@ J’3@HÉ@’ wAHA /@FwHJJx—JH @ FUx—@ —J â)—A —@ wA/)Jx'Jt ’JU’
’)(x)3)/A—@’ )x'JHx@’t FJ—@’t @U —J’JM@’t FA’ ’)Ft FA)’ —)HJ'AFJx'Jt
wAHA —)A(x@’')/AH UFA Jx3JHF)—A—J /@x/J.)—A w@H /H)'QH)@’ )x—JwJx—Jxi
'J’ —J ’UA’ HJA9)õAÉWJ’ wJ’’@A)’ esA&x e czfC c r

5 J‘JFw9@ F@’'HA /@F@t JF UF /@x'J‘'@ x@'A—AFJx'J —)3JHJx'J —@ Jxi


/@x'HA—@ x@ &@’w)'A9 —J’'J 'HA.A9&@t FAxJMAi’J UFA )—Q)A —J Jx3JHF)—A—J ’)F)9AHt
êUJ wJHF)'J ’JH 'HA'A—A @F)')x—@i’J A’ /AHA/'JH!’')/A’ )x—)â)—UA)’ —@ wA/)Jx'J
v’’A ’)F)9)'U—J xÍ@ Q @.HA —@ A/A’@t FA’ ’)F —J êUJ @ FQ—)/@ —@ 'HA.A9&@ —J
sA&x J @’ FQ—)/@’ —@ &@’w)'A9 x@ êUA9 3)õ A wJ’êU)’A HJ’w@x—JF A UF FJ’F@ F@—J9@
—J FJ—)/)xA i @ ëF@—J9@ .)@FQ—)/@Á eAwJ’AH —J êUJ J’'J F@—J9@ w@—J HJ/J.JH
HJ’’)(x)3)/AÉWJ’ —J A/@H—@ /@F @ /AFw@ J’wJ/!3)/@ JF êUJ ’J êUJ)HA J’'U—\i9@r

f BHeO

s xÍ@ JHA A èx)/A wA/)Jx'J A'Jx—)—A wJ9@ ’JHâ)É@ —J 6Aè—J NJx'A9 xJ’’J F@FJx'@
-AHA êUJt —J’’J ’JHâ)É@ â)J’’JF A'Q @ wAâ)9&Í@t ')x&AF —J wJ—)H UFA /@x’U9'A
)x'JH—)’/)w9)xAH
m IJ 0HJ'@x e ccfr A’’)xA9A êUJ A x@ÉÍ@ —J ëJ3J)'@ w9A/J.@Á Q A HJ3@HFU9AÉÍ@ FQ—)/A —A
J3)/\/)A ’)F.[9)/A A’’@/)A—A A@’ /U)—A—@’y w@H FJ)@ —J’'Jt @ /@Hw@ —AH)A F@’'HA’ —J
’UA xA'UHJõA ’)F.[9)/A J —@ /AH\'JH HJ9A')â@ —@ F@—J9@ 3)’)@9[()/@t A’’)F /@F@
A’’)xA9AH)A @ 'HA.A9&@ —@ )FA()x\H)@ —@ Jx3JHF@ êUJ ’@FA A@ A'@ FQ—)/@ UF ’Uw9Ji
FJx'@ —J/)’)â@ NA’t A@ FJ’F@ 'JFw@t IJ 0HJ'@x A’’)xA9A êUJ @ —)’/UH’@ FQ—)/@
)FwU'A J’'J 3OUá(O3 —J J3)/\/)A ü /HJ—U9)—A—J —@ Jx3JHF@t @U ü )(x@HXx/)At /@F@
UFA FAxJ)HA —J HJ—Uõ)H A /@'xw9J‘)—A—J —@ 3JxkFJx@ v’’A HJ—UÉÍ@ ’JH)A .U’/A—A
w@HêUJ «J’’J ’Uw9JFJx'@ êUJ HJwHJ’Jx'A @ J3J)'@ w9A/J.@ xÍ@ /@x/JHxJ ü FJ—)/)i
xAY e ccfC cgr 4@F )’’@t @.'JFi’J UFA —)3JHJxÉA Jx'HJ A’ A')'U—J’ —@’ FQ—)/@’ J
—A w’)êU)A'H)A w@HêUJt xA [')/A —A FJ—)/)xAt ’U’'Jx'Ai’J UF ’A.JH êUJ ’JwAHA ’UMJ)'@
J @.MJ'@ —J /@x&J/)FJx'@t êUJ /@x’A(HA A —UA9)—A—J FJx'Ji/@Hw@ J êUJ J’êUJ/J

889
êUJ @ &@FJF Q UF ’JH FJ—)A')õA—@ wJ9A’ HJ9AÉWJ’ ’)F.[9)/A’ 8A [')/A —A w’)êU)Ai
'H)At ’U’'Jx'Ai’J UFA HJ9AÉÍ@ /@F @ Jx3JHF@ êUJ J’'\ )FwHJ(xA—A —J HJwHJ’Jx'AÉWJ’
’)F.[9)/A’ J 3Ax'A’F\')/A’ 'Ax'@ —@ Jx3JHF@ /@F@ —@ w’)êU)A'HA eHJwHJ’Jx'AÉWJ’
êUJ ’J J’'Jx—JF A@ /@Hw@ êUJt wAHA A w’)/Ax\9)’Jt AwHJ’Jx'A UFA ëAxA'@F)A )FA()i
x\H)AÁ êUJ 'HAx’/Jx—J ü’ HJwHJ’Jx'AÉWJ’ FQ—)/@iAxA'kF)/A’r
o NA9iJ’'AH J‘wHJ’’@ JF UF ’Jx')FJx'@ —J êUJ @’ FQ—)/@’ M\ xÍ@ 9&J —)õ)AF 'U—@t @U
JF /@FJx'\H)@’ —@ ')w@C «J9J —)’’J )’’@ w@HêUJ xÍ@ ’A.J @ êUJ Q J’'AH AêU)Yt HJ’w@xi
—Jx—@ A UF FQ—)/@ /@F @ êUA9 J’'AâA —J’(@’'@’A
g jF —)\9@(@ ’)(x)3)/A')â@ ’J —\ Jx'HJ A HJ’)—Jx'J êUJ A A'Jx—)A J ’JU /&J3J v’'J 9&J
—)’’JC «êUJ /H)'QH)@’ —J )x'JHxAÉÍ@ â@/L 'JFh v9A 'JF —J )HY v 9&J —)’’JC «FA’ xÍ@ ’J
w@—J )H A’’)FYy @ /&J3J )x’)’')UC «v t êUA)’ ’Í@ @’ /H)'QH)@’ —J )x'JHxAÉÍ@ —J F)A’'Jx)AhYy
v /@FJÉA A HJ’w@x—JHC «êUJ 'Jx&A wH@.9JFA’ HJ’w)HA'[H)@’ @U wAHA /@FJHY 5 /&J3J
—)’’JC FA’ xÍ@ 'JF xA—A —)’’@y @ A’’Ux'@ Q êUJ J’'Í@ x@’ 3A9'Ax—@ /H)'QH)@’ —J
)x'JHxAÉÍ@ J @ /U’'@i.JxJ3!/)@ x@’ —)õ êUJ J’'A (HAxA êUJ ’J J’'\ (A’'Ax—@ /@F J9A
w@—JH)A ’JH U')9)õA—A JF @U'H@ wA/)Jx'J @U JF \HJA’ /H!')/A’Y v’'J —)\9@(@ F@’'HA
/@F@ ’J /HUõAF @ 'Q/x)/@t @ &UFAx@ J @ J/@xkF)/@ JF UFA FJ’FA —J/)’Í@
f 5 ë—)A(x[’')/@ wHJ’UF!âJ9Á w@—J ’JH /&AFA—@ 'AF.QF ë)FwHJ’’Í@ —)A(x[’')/AÁ J ’J
HJA9)õA Ax'J’ êUJ 'Jx&AF ’)—@ 3J)'@’ J’'U—@’ ’J/Ux—\H)@’ 1JA9)õAi’J /@F .A’J JF
’)xA)’ J ’)x'@FA’ êUJ ’UH(JF —@ )x'JHH@(A'[H)@ J —@ J‘AFJ 3!’)/@ Jt A wAH')H —J’’A
)FwHJ’’Í@ —)A(x[’')/At —J/)—Ji’J êUJ J’'U—@’ ’J/Ux—\H)@’ —JâJF ’JH HJA9)õA—@’ J
êUJ A9(@H)'F@ —J J’'U—@ —JâJ ’JH ’J(U)—@
d 5’ 8—JF.U 3@HFAF UFA J'x)A êUJ &A.)'A JF wJêUJxA’ A9—J)A’ JF EXF.)At A@ @J’'J
—@ H)@ IUx(At xUFA \HJA —J z uuu êU)9kFJ'H@’ êUA—HA—@’ 6UA’ A9—J)A’ ’J /AHA/'Ji
H)õAF w@H 'JHJF UFA A9'A F@.)9)—A—Jt wJ9A â)H)9@/A9)—A—J J A FA'H)9)x)AH)—A—J
p 2 x@ÉÍ@ —J ë)xâA’)â)—A—JÁ J’'\ JF J’'HJ)'A HJ9AÉÍ@ /@F A HJwHJ’Jx'AÉÍ@ —J UF /@Hw@
AxA'@F)õA—@ êUJ @ FQ—)/@ /@FJÉA A /@x’'HU)H —J’—J @ F@FJx'@ JF êUJ Jx'HA JF
/@x'A'@ /@F @ )x'JH)@H —@ /@Hw@ JF ’JU’ J’'U—@’ —J AxA'@F)A jFA AÉÍ@ FJHJ/J A
/AHA/'JH)õAÉÍ@ —J ë)xâA’)âAÁ êUAx—@ 'HAx’wA’’A @ 9)F)'J —A wJ9Jt êUAx—@ Jx'HA JF
M@(@ J’’J J’wAÉ@ —@ /@Hw@ êUJ Q )x'JH)@H 8Ux/A J’/U'J) —)õJH êUJ A9(UF —@’ FQ—)i
/@’ FJx/)@xA’’J J’'AH ’Jx—@ ë)xâA’)â@Á êUAx—@ Jx'HAâA x@’ Aw@’Jx'@’ ’JF .A'JH
xA’ w@H'A’ @U êUAx—@ —J’/@.H)AF @’ wA/)Jx'J’ ’JF wJ—)H 9)/JxÉA ” w@H 'U—@ )’’@
êUJ w@—JF@’ A3)HFAH êUJ A ë)xâA’)â)—A—JÁ AwHJ’Jx'Ai’J JF HJ9AÉÍ@ A@ /@Hw@ J xÍ@ ü
wJ’’@A /@F@ UFA '@'A9)—A—J
À BA9@ —J J‘w9)/)'AÉÍ@ J xÍ@ —J —J’Jx/A—JAFJx'@ —A’ 'Jx’WJ’t w@HêUJ J’'A’ M\ &Aâ)AF
/@FJÉA—@ A ’J A/UFU9AH ü FJ—)—A êUJ A’ —)3)/U9—A—J’ /@F @ —)A(x[’')/@ AUFJx'AâAF
t vF UF J‘/J9Jx'J 'HA.A9&@t 0@xâ)x e ccor A’’)xA9A /@F@ @ Jx3JHF@t A@ /@9@/AH A
Ax’)J—A—J J @ ’@3H)FJx'@ xA ’UA HJ9AÉÍ@ /@F @’ FQ—)/@’t /@x’')'U)i’J JF UF —@’
@.’'\/U9@’ wAHA @ .@F 3Ux/)@xAFJx'@ —A )x’')'U)ÉÍ@ &@’w)'A9AHt xA êUA9 '@—@’ J’wJi
HAF —@ Jx3JHF@ UF (HAU —J ’U.F)’’Í@ '@'A9 -@H )’’@t /&AF@U A A'JxÉÍ@ êUJ s
')âJ’’J J’’J /@x'H@9J ’@.HJ A Jâ@9UÉÍ@ —J ’UA Jx3JHF)—A—J J —J ’JU 'HA'AFJx'@
4HJ)@ êUJ Q —J’’A 'Jx’Í@ J‘w9)/)'A—A J —A’ —èâ)—A’ êUJ @ 1ç —J)‘@U âJH xA ëwA’’A(JF
—J ’A9A êUJ —JH)âA A J‘w9)/AÉÍ@ êUJ J9J —\ A I t A@ HJ')HAHi’J —A &A.)'AÉÍ@ 7UJ 'Jx&A
HJwHJ’Jx'A—@ UF F@FJx'@ 'Jx’)@xAx'J wAHA J9J 3)/@U /@HH@.@HA—@ w@HêUJt êUAx—@
’A)Ut A wH)FJ)HA /@)’A êUJ FJ —)’’J 3@) êUJ JU ')x&A —J 9&J F@’'HAH @ êUJ &Aâ)A Ax@'A—@

881
JF F)x&A /A—JHxJ'A -@H @U'H@ 9A—@t JU FJ’F@ ’Jx')t JF —J'JHF)xA—@’ F@FJx'@’ —A
wA’’A(JFt UFA ’Jx’AÉÍ@ —J 'Jx’Í@ êUJ FJ HJ/@H—@U ü êUJ JU â)â)A êUAx—@ xÍ@ )A
.JF x@’ J‘AFJ’ —A Ux)âJH’)—A—Jt 3HJx'J A UF (HUw@ —J wH@3J’’@HJ’
0@UH—)JU J áA/êUAx' e ccfC cur A’’)xA9AF êUJ «’[ A x@ÉÍ@ —J qIN%6O3 w@—J J‘w9)/AH
@ 3A'@ —J êUJt ’JF ’JHJF wH@wH)AFJx'J HA/)@xA)’ e rt @’ A(Jx'J’ ’@/)A)’ ’JMAF
HAõ@\âJ)’t xÍ@ ’JMAF )x’Jx’A'@’t xÍ@ /@FJ'AF 9@U/UHA’ e r wHJ/)’AFJx'J w@HêUJ
)x'JH)@H)õAHAFt A@ 'QHF)x@ —J UF wH@9@x(A—@ J /@Fw9J‘@ wH@/J’’@ —J /@x—)/)@xAi
FJx'@t A’ @w@H'Ux)—A—J’ êUJ 9&J’ ’Í@ @3JHJ/)—A’Y
m v’’J /@FJx'\H)@ —J 2 U9'HAwA’’A A’ FAH/A’ —A’ —)3JHJxÉA’ Jx'HJ A AwHJx—)õA(JF —A
3A/U9—A—J J A HJ/J.)—A x@ &@’w)'A9y @ êUJ ’J w@—J 9JHt xJ9Jt Q @ êUJ’')@xAFJx'@ —A
)—Q)A .\’)/A —J êUJ A’ wA'@9@()A’ ’Í@ Jx')—A—J’ @.MJ')âA’ êUJ ’J AwHJ’Jx'AF —A
FJ’FA FAxJ)HA JF '@—A wAH'Jt /@F@ 4AFAH(@ ãH e ccmAy ccm.r —)õ)A êUJ A —@U'H)xA
FQ—)/A )Fw9!/)'A A Jx'Jx—J —J’’A 3@HFA
o 2 J‘wHJ’’Í@ «A wAH')H —@ ’A.JH .)@FQ—)/@Y ’J J‘w9)/A w@HêUJt xA’ /9!x)/A’ JF êUJ ’J
'HA'A A —@H /Hkx)/At M\ xÍ@ ’J .U’/AH)A /&J(AH A UF —)A(x[’')/@ J ü /UHA e@.MJ')â@’ —@
’A.JH .)@FQ—)/@rt FA’ ’J wH@/UHAH)A FAxJMAH A —@H /Hkx)/A JF âJõ —J /UH\i9A 8J’’A
x@âA /@x/JwÉÍ@ —A wH\')/A FQ—)/At @ @.MJ')â@ wA’’A A ’JH A —@H J A wJ’’@A êUJ A
’@3HJ /@F@ UFA Ux)—A—J e0A’õAx(JHt czcy cc r
g PUFJH e cpgC oort x@ êUJ —)õ HJ’wJ)'@ ü HJ9AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ 9)F)xAH)—A—J J wJH)(@t A’’)xA9A
êUJ «xA wJH’wJ/')âA —AêUJ9J’ A êUJF )x/UF.J A FAxU'JxÉÍ@ —A ëJ’'HU'UHAÁt '@—A’
A’ FAx)3J’'AÉWJ’ /@x')xUA—A’ —A êQ))O­%6I3 —JâJF AwAHJ/JH /@F@ wJH)(@’A’ J
Ax\HêU)/A’ J wHJ/)’AF ’JH H@—JA—A’t —J wHJ’/H)ÉWJ’t wH@).)ÉWJ’ J /@x—)ÉWJ’Y
)’ O@U(9A’ e cpdC fur /@9@/A êUJ A ’UM)—A—J xÍ@ Q xUx/A UF J9JFJx'@ )’@9A—@t FA’ êUJ
’J J’'A.J9J/J w@H HJ9AÉÍ@ A UF ’)’'JFA J )Fw9)/A UFA /@x'HAâJxÉÍ@ A J’’J ’)’'JFAt
wJ9@ êUJ A ’UM)—A—J Q «UF ’U.wH@—U'@ —J UFA @H—JxAÉÍ@ J /9A’’)3)/AÉÍ@ ’)’'JF\')/A
—A’ /@)’A’t xA FJ—)—A JF êUJ UFA @H—JF )Fw9)/A HJ/&AÉAH J9JFJx'@’ )xAwH@wH)A—@’Y
d 0@UH—)JU e czmC mdr A’’)xA9A êUJ «A )x’')'U)ÉÍ@ —J UFA )—Jx')—A—J Q A )Fw@’)ÉÍ@ —J
UF x@FJt Q —)õJH —J UFA J’’Lx/)A ’@/)A9 çx’'AUHAHt —J’)(xAH UFA J’’Lx/)A e r Q )Fw@H
UF —)HJ)'@ —J ’JHt êUJ Q UF —JâJH ’JHt Q ’)(x)3)/AH @ êUJ J9J Q Jt JF /@x’JêKLx/)At e r
/@F@ 'JF êUJ ’J /@x—Uõ)HY
p 2wJ’AH —A )Fw@H'Xx/)A —A ëHJ9AÉÍ@ 4K’'@i.JxJ3!/)@Át Jx/@x'HAFi’J x@ &@’w)'A9 /UH)@i
’)—A—J’ êUJ J’/AwAF '@'A9FJx'J A J’’A HJ9AÉÍ@t /@F@ @ Ax/)Í@ êUJ 9\ wJHFAxJ/JU
—@)’ FJ’J’ ’[ w@HêUJ xÍ@ ')x&A —)x&J)H@ wAHA /@FwHAH @ FJ—)/AFJx'@ â)A @HA9 J @
wA’’AâAF JF 3@HFA Jx—@âJx@’A 4A’@’ /@F@ J’’J HJ/J.JF A —Jx@F)xAÉÍ@ —J
’@/)A)’ e«@ wH@.9JFA Q ’@/)A9Yry A9(Ux’ —J’’J’ ’Í@ Jx3JHF@’ êUJ xÍ@ 'LF A@x—J )H J
Jx'Í@ 3)/AF )x'JHxA—@’ x@ &@’w)'A9
)’ O)õi’J «AwAHJx'JFJx'JY HA/)@xA9 w@HêUJt /@F@ J‘wHJ’’J) Ax'JH)@HFJx'Jt ’[ JF A9(Ui
FA’ /)H/Ux’'Xx/)A’ A’ —J/)’WJ’ ’Í@ wH@—U'@ —J UFA J’/@9&A HA/)@xA9t ’Jx—@t JF ’UA
FA)@H)At '@FA—A’ /@F .A’J xA’ —)’w@’)ÉWJ’ J’'HU'UHA)’t /@x3@HFA—A’ xA 'HAMJ'[H)A
)x—)â)—UA9 J /@9J')âAt êUJ /&AFJ) qIN%6O3h êUJ ’J J’'A.J9J/JF w@H UFA —)A9Q')/A
Jx'HJ A’ J‘wJH)Lx/)A’ ’U.MJ')âA’ J A’ @w@H'Ux)—A—J’ @.MJ')âA’
)c v’'A â)’Í@ êUJ Aw@x'A ü '@'A9)—A—J —@ &@FJF êUJ ’J J‘wHJ’’AH)A x@ 'JHF@
.)@w’)/@’’@/)A9 Q /@x'J’'A—A w@H 4AFAH(@ ãH be ccprt êUAx—@ AH(UFJx'A êUJ A FJHA

882
MU’'Aw@’)ÉÍ@ —J —)’/UH’@’ xÍ@ w@—J A.@9)Ht w@H ’) ’[t A 3HA(FJx'AÉÍ@ )xJHJx'J A@
F@—J9@ —J —J’Jxâ@9â)FJx'@ —)’/)w9)xAH —A F@—JHx)—A—Jt wJ9@ êUA9 @’ A’wJ/'@’
ë’@/)A9Á J ëw’)/@9[()/@Á J’'AH)AF ’U.@H—)xA—@’ A@ —)’/UH’@ .)@9[()/@
mu vU xÍ@ &Aâ)A wA’’A—@ UFA FAx&Í FU)'@ 3J9)õt ')x&A A ’Jx’AÉÍ@ êUJ &Aâ)A ëwA’’JA—@
wJ9@ /AFw@Á FA)’ —@ êUJ 3J)'@ 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@y x@ Jx'Ax'@t x@ F@FJx'@ JF êUJ
J’’J —)\9@(@ ’J —JU Jx'HJ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’t ’Jx') êUJ âA9JU A wJxA J’'AH 9\ i âA9JU A
FAx&Í 7UAx—@ J’’A’ /@)’A’ ’J wA’’AâAF x@ /AFw@t HJ/@H—AâA 0AH9J­ e czcrt êUAxi
—@ HJ9A'AâAtóJF ’JU 9)âH@ f ,­6UQá4(Q\Q í­Qê&­6&a êUJ &Aâ)A F@FJx'@’ JF êUJ
/@9@/AâA A «FAH/&A —@ 'HA.A9&@ —J /AFw@Yt /@F @ êUJ 3Aõ)A A9U’Í@ A@’ 9@x(@’
wJH!@—@’ —J 'JFw@ JF êUJ J’wJHAâA êUJ ’U/J—J’’J A9(@
m v Q UF wA/)Jx'J —J Ux’ fd Ax@’t /@F /Xx/JH x@ xAH)õt êUJ &Aâ)A ’J J’wA9&A—@ wJ9@
9A—@ —)HJ)'@ —@ H@’'@ /@F FJ'\’'A’J x@’ @’’@’y @ 'HA'AFJx'@ wH@(HAFA—@ JHA /)HèHi
()/@ J —J /AHA/'JH!’')/A’ FU)'@ )xâA’)âA’
mm v’’J FJ â) 'Jx'A HJ’’A9'AH êUJ @ wH@.9JFA —J v HJwJH/U')U 3@H'JFJx'J JF F)x&A
wJ’’@A A w@x'@ —J JF@/)@xAHiFJ A@ HJ9A'AH w@’'JH)@HFJx'J A ’)'UAÉÍ@ v’’A 3@) A
wxFJ)HA @/A’)Í@ JF êUJ ’Jx') êUJ FJ Jxâ@9â)A /@F UFA ’)'UAÉÍ@ â)â)—A w@H A9(Ux’
—@’ wA/)Jx'J’ —J UFA 3@HFA ë—HAF\')/AÁ
mo 8J’’J F@FJx'@ FJ —J) /@x'A êUJ &Aâ)A —J)‘A—@ —J ’JH UF @.’JHâA—@H wAH')/)wAx'J
wAHA 'JH UFA ëwAH')/)wAÉÍ@ @.’JHâAx'JÁ v’’A FU—AxÉA —J ’)'UAÉÍ@ 3@) )x/@x’/)Jx'J
J 'A9âJõ wH@—U'@ —A 3@HFA )x'Jx’A /@F@ FJ Jxâ@9â) xA ’)'UAÉÍ@t 'A9âJõ w@H )’’@
'Jx&A —)'@ A@ HJ’)—Jx'J @ êUJ A F)F wAHJ/)A êUJ J9J ')x&A —J 3AõJH -A’’J) @ HJ’'@ —A
FAx&Í 'Jx'Ax—@ Jx/@x'HAH 7 wAHA 3A9AH /@F J9J J J‘w9)/AHi9&J êUJ JU xÍ@ &Aâ)A
êUJH)—@ —)õJHi9&J @ êUJ J9J —JâJH)A 3AõJHt FA’ AwJxA’ êUJt xAêUJ9J F@FJx'@t )’’@ JHA
@ êUJ JU ’Jx')A êUJ v J’'AâA xJ/J’’)'Ax—@
mg -Jx’@ êUJ w@H A! ’J w@—J .U’/AH UFA J‘w9)/AÉÍ@ wAHA J’’J —J’Jxâ@9â)FJx'@ âJH')i
()x@’@ —@ /Xx/JH êUJ @’ FQ—)/@’ xÍ@ 'JHF)xAF —J J‘w9)/AHy FA’ UFA J‘w9)/AÉÍ@ /@F
'Ax'@ JF.A’AFJx'@ w’)/@’’@F\')/@ êUJ xÍ@ w@—J ’JH —JF@x’'HA—A J êUJ —)3)/)9i
FJx'J ’JH)A ’U’'Jx'A—A w@H UF —J9J’
mf OJâJi’J HJ/@H—AH êUJt JF.@HA A .)@FJ—)/)xA ’JMA N%Q(Q\%ê%36Ia xJF '@—@’ A wHA')i
/AF —A FJ’FA 3@HFA J êUJt /@F@ M\ —)’’Jt —JwJx—J —A 'HAMJ'[H)A —J /A—A UF
md v‘)’'J xA 9)'JHA'UHA ’@.HJ A’ HJ9AÉWJ’ FQ—)/@iwA/)Jx'J UF (HAx—J xèFJH@ —J 'HA.Ai
9&@’ êUJ 'Jx'AF HJ’’A9'AH A’ HJ9AÉWJ’ Jx'HJ A’ /AHA/'JH!’')/A’ wJ’’@A)’ —@ FQ—)/@ J
A’ —@’ wA/)Jx'J’ /@F @’ HJ’U9'A—@’ 'JHAwLU')/@’ v’'J’ 'HA.A9&@’ /&J(AF A /@x/9Ui
’WJ’ êUJ FAH/AF A )Fw@H'Xx/)A —@’ J’')9@’ /@FUx)/A')â@’ —@ FQ—)/@t —A /@FUx)/Ai
“A@ xÍ@iâJH.A9t —A —)3JHJxÉA —J (LxJH@ xA êUAx')—A—J —J )x3@HFAÉÍ@ /@F êUJ @’
FQ—)/@’ .H)x—AF @’ wA/)Jx'J’t A’’)F /@F@ HJ’’A9'AF A )x39ULx/)A êUJ @/A’)@xA A
/9A’’J ’@/)A9 —@ wA/)Jx'J xA A')'U—J —@ FQ—)/@ eNJJUqJ’Jxt cc y 6'HJJ' ãH t cc b
0Jx’)x(t cc r NU)'@’ —J’’J’ 'HA.A9&@’ w@—JH)AF ’JH A(HUwA—@’ JF UF '[w)/@
—Jx@F)xA—@ xA wH[wH)A 9)'JHA'UHA /@F@ J’'U—@’ —Jë’A')’3AÉÍ@ —@ wA/)Jx'JÁ e6'Jw'@J
cc y á)99)AF’t ccgr

883
áóDxéN, ó

2 J'x@(HA3)A AêU) —J’Jxâ@9â)—A —J UFA HJ’)—Lx/)A JF UF &@’w)'A9 wè.9)/@


F@’'H@U @ wH@/J’’@ —J wH@—UÉÍ@ —J UFA )—Jx')—A—JC ë’JH FQ—)/@Á 2 wH@—UÉÍ@
—J’’A )—Jx')—A—J Jxâ@9âJ A F@—J9AÉÍ@ —A’ ’U.MJ')â)—A—J’ )x—)â)—UA)’t @ êUJ xJ/J’i
’AH)AFJx'J )Fw9)/A UFA HJ/@x’'HUÉÍ@ —@’ /@Hw@’ —@’ HJ’)—Jx'J’
-AHA Jx'Jx—JH A wH@3Ux—)—A—J —J’’A 'HAx’3@HFAÉÍ@t wAHA wJH/J.JH A’ ’U.MJi
')â)—A—J’ êUJ J’'AâAF ’Jx—@ F@9—A—A’ JF UF —)\9@(@ Jx'HJ @ wHJ’Jx'J â)â)—@ J A
'HA—)ÉÍ@ FQ—)/At HJwHJ’Jx'A—A x@ —)’/UH’@ J xA )x’')'U)ÉÍ@t 3@) xJ/J’’\H)@ —J’/HJi
âJH A /@x’'HUÉÍ@ —J’’A 'HA—)ÉÍ@ J A’ )—)@’’)x/HA’)A’ —A )x’')'U)ÉÍ@ JF 3@/@ 6[ 'A9
wJH/UH’@ FJ wJHF)')U Jx'Jx—JH @ wH@/J’’@ —J 3@HFAÉÍ@ —@ qIN%6O3 êUJ /AHA/'JH)i
õA @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ —J /9!x)/A FQ—)/A —J UF &@’w)'A9 wè.9)/@ vx'HJ'Ax'@t wAHA wJH/Ji
.JH J’’J qIN%6O3 ')x&A —J FJ AwH@‘)FAH —A’ wJ’’@A’ —J /AHxJ J @’’@ 5 @9&AH wAHA
@ HJ’)—Jx'J êUJ â)âLx/)A J ’@3HJ @ &@’w)'A9 3@) 3Ux—AFJx'A9 wAHA Jx'Jx—JH @ —HAFA
J @ —J’A3)@ êUJ HJwHJ’Jx'A @ wH@/J’’@ —J 'HAx’3@HFAÉÍ@ —A )—Jx')—A—J wJ’’@A9
6JH HJ’)—Jx'J Q 'JH UFA ë)—Jx')—A—J 9)F)xAHÁ v‘)’'JF —UA’ —)3JHJxÉA’ J’i
’Jx/)A)’ xA 3@HFA —J J’'AHt —J â)âJH @ &@’w)'A9t Jx'HJ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ J @’ J’'U—Ax'J’
—J FJ—)/)xAC M\ ’Í@ FQ—)/@’t ’J 3@HFAHAF J wA’’AF A ’JH HJ’w@x’\âJ)’ w@H wA/)i
Jx'J’t wA’’AF A 'JH ë’JU’Á wA/)Jx'J’ -@HQFt A x@âA 3@HFA —J â)âJH @ &@’w)'A9 xÍ@
@’ )(UA9A A@’ FQ—)/@’ —@ 36I"" —@ &@’w)'A9t UFA âJõ êUJ xÍ@ 'LF A wH\')/A &@’w)i
'A9AH i xÍ@ 'LF @ qIN%6O3 A’’@/)A—@ ü’ x@âA’ /@x—)ÉWJ’ @.MJ')âA’
2 9)F)xAH)—A—J —J ’UA’ )—Jx')—A—J’ Jx/@x'HA UF wAHA9J9@ xA HJ’)—Lx/)A êUJt
/@F@ —)’w@’)')â@ —J 3@HFAÉÍ@t 'AF.QF Q 9)F)xAH OJ’’A 9)F)xAH)—A—Jt ’UH(J @ ’Jxi
')FJx'@ —J wJH'Jx/JH A UFA /A'J(@H)A i ’JH HJ’)—Jx'J i J J’’J wJH'Jx/)FJx'@ w@’’)i
.)9)'A @ wH@/J’’@ —J F@—J9AÉÍ@ —A ’U.MJ')â)—A—J -A’’AH w@H J’’J wH@/J’’@ /@F
’U/J’’@ wJHF)'J —J)‘AH A 9)F)xAH)—A—JC wA’’AH A ë’JH FQ—)/@Á J (Ax&AH @ ëFUx—@ —A
HUAÁ 6JH FQ—)/@ )Fw9)/At Jx'Í@t @ —@F!x)@ —@ qIN%6O3 êUJ wJHF)'J ’JH )x/9U!—@
/@F@ A(Jx'J x@ /AFw@ —A .)@FJ—)/)xAy )Fw9)/A A/J)'AH @’ wH)x/!w)@’ J’'HU'UHA—@HJ’
—A’ wH\')/A’ êUJ —J3)xJF A .)@FJ—)/)xA 5’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ êUJ )x(HJ’’AF x@ &@’w)'A9t
x@ /@FJÉ@ —A /AHHJ)HAt Jx3HJx'AF A 'AHJ3A —J A—êU)H)H @ qIN%6O3 /@F@ UF —J’A3)@t @
êUJ @/A’)@xA FU)'@ ’@3H)FJx'@ J —@H

vve
vF.@HA @ ’@3H)FJx'@ ’JMAt JF /JH'A FJ—)—At —JH)âA—@ —A’ /AHA/'JH!’')/A’
wJ’’@A)’ —J /A—A HJ’)—Jx'J i —A 'HAMJ'[H)A —J â)—At —A 3@HFA —J J’'AH x@ FUx—@ i
'AF.QF —JH)âA —@ wH[wH)@ wH@/J’’@ —J /@x’')'U)ÉÍ@ —A .)@FJ—)/)xA /@F@ UF
’A.JH /)Jx'!3)/@ v’’J wH@/J’’@ /@FJÉA /@F A xJ/J’’)—A—J —J J’'A.J9J/JH A )—Q)A
—J )x—)â!—U@t êUJ Q A’’@/)A—A ü /@x3)(UHAÉÍ@ )x—)â)—UA9)’'A &J(JFkx)/A xA /U9'UHA
@/)—Jx'A9 F@—JHxA v’'A /@FJÉ@U A ’J )x’'A9AH x@’ ’Q/U9@’ lGç J lGççt êUAx—@
FU—AxÉA’ JF wH@/J’’@ xA ’@/)J—A—J Aw@x'AâAF wAHA @ A.Ax—@x@ —A’ J‘w9)/AÉWJ’
.A’JA—A’ xA HJ9)()Í@t J ’J —J’Jxâ@9â)A A 3)9@’@3)A FJ/Ax)/)’'At êUJ wH@wUx&A J‘w9)i
/AÉWJ’ 3Ux—AFJx'A—A’ JF UF HA/)@xA9)’F@ J‘wJH)FJx'A9)’'A 5 &@FJFt —A9) w@H
—)Ax'Jt —J’wH@â)—@ —@ /AH\'JH —)â)x@t wA’’A A ’JH J‘w9)/A—@ w@H AxA9@()A /@F A
F\êU)xA -@—Ji’Jt Jx'Í@t Jx/@x'HAH UF &@FJF AU'@FA')õA—@ x@ êUA9 ’J ’JwAHAF
—UA’ )x’'Xx/)A’C FJx'J J /@Hw@
2 @w@’)ÉÍ@ FJx'J J /@Hw@ i êUJ xÍ@ Q wA'H)Fkx)@ J‘/9U’)â@ —A .)@FJ—)/)xA
J êUJ ’J J’'Jx—J A '@—@’ @’ /AFw@’ —A /)Lx/)A i ’J wJHwJ'UA /AFU39A—A ’@. @U'H@’
x@FJ’t /@F@ HA/)@xA9 J JF@/)@xA9 @Ut x@ /@x'J‘'@ —A .)@FJ—)/)xAt /@F@ /@FwJi
'Lx/)A J /U)—A—@ 8@ &@’w)'A9 @x—J 3)õ F)x&A’ @.’JHâAÉWJ’t J’’A @w@’)ÉÍ@ AwHJi
’Jx'AâAi’J ’@. @’ 'JHF@’ ëwH@3)’’)@xA9Á J ë&UFAx@Á
2’ —J9)F)'AÉWJ’ —@ ëwH@3)’’)@xA9Á J —@ ë&UFAx@Át @U —@ ë’A.JHÁ J —@ ë’Jx')HÁt
/@F@ —@)’ /@xMUx'@’ —J HJwHJ’Jx'AÉWJ’ ’JwAHA—A’t FAx)3J’'AFi’J JF 3@HFA wJHi
FAxJx'J xA’ wH\')/A’ /@')—)AxA’ —@ ’JHâ)É@ -AHA ’J /@x’')'U)H /@F@ UF /AFw@ —J
’A.JH /)Jx'!3)/@t A ë.)@FJ—)/)xAÁ i .A’JA—A xJ’’A /@x’'HUÉÍ@ —UA9)’'At êUJ A/AHHJ'@U
@ êUJ —Jx@F)xJ) /@F@ ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JY t i A3A’'@U 'HL’ '@'A9)—A—J’C @ FQ—)/@t @
wA/)Jx'J J A HJ9AÉÍ@ Jx'HJ J9J’t —J’9@/Ax—@ wAHA @ )x/@x’/)Jx'J @’ A’wJ/'@’ JF@/)@xA)’
—J’’A’ '@'A9)—A—J’ w@HêUJ xÍ@ ’J Jx/A)‘AâAF x@ —)’/UH’@ /H)A—@ ’@.HJ @ wH@/J’’@
—J ’Aè—Ji—@JxÉA NA’t x@ —)AiAi—)At @ êUJ 3@) HJwH)F)—@ Jx/@x'HA UFA .HJ/&A wJ9A
êUA9 ’J FAx)3J’'At 3AõJx—@ ’Jx')H ’JU’ J3J)'@’ xA wH\')/A .)@FQ—)/A
ãUx'@ /@F A 3@HFAÉÍ@ —A .)@FJ—)/)xAt âA) ’J /@x’')'U)x—@ @ ë&@’w)'A9Á /@F@
UF J’wAÉ@ J’’Jx/)A9 JF êUJ ’J M@(A A HJ9AÉÍ@ —J AwHJx—)õA(JFt UF J’wAÉ@ JF êUJ
A Jx3JHF)—A—J Q F@’'HA—At JF êUJ ’J )FwWJ @ @9&AH FQ—)/@ vF @U'HA’ wA9AâHA’t
âA) ’J /@x’')'U)x—@ x@ J’wAÉ@ JF êUJ A’ 'HL’ '@'A9)—A—J’ —)/@'@F)õA—A’ /H)AF J
HJ/H)AF ë—HAFA’ ’@/)A)’Á x@â@’ J üx')(@’ ’)FU9'AxJAFJx'Jt x@’ êUA)’ ’J FAx)3J’'A
A ë'Jx’Í@ J’'HU'UHAx'JÁt /@x’JêKLx])A —A 3)9@’@3)A —UA9)’'A êUJ A ë.)@FJ—)/)xAÁ
/@9@/@U /@F@ wJ—HA 3Ux—AFJx'A9
v’’J’ —HAFA’ â)â)—@’ x@ /@')—)Ax@ —@ ’JHâ)É@ —J /9!x)/A FQ—)/A ’Í@ @ HJi
’U9'A—@ —A )x'H@F)’’Í@ —AêU)9@ êUJ ')x&A ’)—@ @.9)'JHA—@C @ ë’Jx')HÁ vxêUAx'@ @
’A.JHt w[9@ —@F)xAx'J —A @w@’)ÉÍ@t )Fw@H'Xx/)A @U'@H(A—A wJ9@ —)’/UH’@ J wJ9A
'HA—)ÉÍ@ .)@FQ—)/At w@—J HJ’@9âJH @’ —J’A3)@’t A â)—A —@ wAâ)9&Í@ 'HAx’/@HHJ xA

88
@H—JF J’'A.J9J/)—A w@H J’’J —)’/UH’@ FQ—)/@ 8@’ F@FJx'@’ JF êUJ @ ë’A.JHÁ
xÍ@ —\ A’ HJ’w@’'A’ J’wJHA—A’t @ ë’Jx')HÁ A.HJ J’wAÉ@ J A—êU)HJ FA)@H 3@HÉA ”
Jx'Í@ êUJ @’ —HAFA’ ’@/)A)’ J‘w9@—JFt @’ FQ—)/@’ J @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’t J’'J’ è9')F@’
3Ux—AFJx'A9FJx'Jt /@x’J(UJF wJH/J.JH @ /AH\'JH )9U’[H)@ —A ’JwAHAÉÍ@ Jx'HJ @
wH@3)’’)@xA9 J @ &UFAx@t @U Jx'HJ @ ’A.JH J @ ’Jx')H
8@’ F@FJx'@’ JF êUJ 'LF —J 9)—AH /@F @ wA/)Jx'J êUJ xÍ@ A/J)'A @ 'HA'Ai
FJx'@t JF êUJ 'LF —J /@FUx)/AH UF HJ’U9'A—@ w@’)')â@ —J UF J‘AFJ /@Fw9Ji
FJx'AHt JF êUJ xA—A 'LF A —)õJH w@HêUJ A)x—A xÍ@ ’A.JF @ —)A(x[’')/@t @U JF
êUJ Jx/@x'HAF 'JFw@t x@ FJ)@ —A’ 'AHJ3A’ —)\H)A’t wAHA ’Jx'AH xA /AFA —@ wA/)Jxi
'J J 3A9AH ë—A’ /@)’A’ —A â)—AÁt @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ J’'Í@ Jxâ@9â)—@’ —J ë/@Hw@ J A9FAÁ
8J’’J wH@/J’’@ —J /@x’'HUÉÍ@ —A ’U.MJ')â)—A—Jt êUJ )Fw9)/A A 3@HFAÉÍ@ —J qIN%6O3
wH@3)’’)@xA)’t J9J’ J’'Í@ /@FwH@FJ')—@’ /@F@ UFA '@'A9)—A—J NA’ @ Jxâ@9â)FJx'@
'@'A9 wJHFAxJ/J )x/@x’/)Jx'J A'Q êUJ ’J AwHJ’Jx'J xA 3@HFA —J UF —HAFA v Q
MU’'AFJx'J A! êUJ ’J AwHJ’Jx'A @ wH@.9JFA
-JHFAxJ/J )x/@x’/)Jx'J w@HêUJ A .)@FJ—)/)xAt A’’)F /@F@ ’JwAHA @ FQ—)/@
J @ wA/)Jx'J JF .U’/A —A /)Jx')3)/)—A—Jt 'JF —J —)()'A9)õAHt 'AF.QFt A wH[wH)A
wJ’’@A —@ FQ—)/@ 2’’)Ft A’wJ/'@’ —A’ â)âLx/)A’ /@')—)AxA’ J’'AH)AF @H)Jx'A—@’
wAHA A .U’/A —J’’A /)Jx')3)/)—A—J J /@x3@HFAH)AF @ w[9@ —@ ’A.JHt —@ HA/)@xA9t —@
wH@3)’’)@xA9t JxêUAx'@ @U'H@’ A’wJ/'@’ HJwHJ’Jx'AH)AF A )x'H@F)’’Í@ —A’ JF@i
ÉWJ’t —@’ ’Jx')FJx'@’ çx'H@F)’’Í@ wJH)(@’A w@HêUJ w@—J wJH'UH.AH @ /AF)x&@ A'Q
@ —)A(x[’')/@
v A .)@FJ—)/)xA —UA9)’'A êUJ @’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ —J /9!x)/A FQ—)/A 3@HFAF @ ’JU
qIN%6O3 FQ—)/@ ” J’’A /@x/JwÉÍ@ êUJ Q A.HAÉA—A /@F@ A ’UA /AU’At /@F@ A ’UA
â)—At JF.@HAt xJ’’J F@FJx'@t J9A @’ /@9@êUJ JF UF /@x39)'@t êUJ w@—J ’JH FA)’
@U FJx@’ )x/@x’/)Jx'J J êUJt JF —J'JHF)xA—A’ ’)'UAÉWJ’t ’J /@xâJH'J JF UF
—)9JFA Q')/@ —J —)3!/)9 ’@9UÉÍ@ 5’ HJ’)—Jx'J’ ’J Jx/@x'HAFt JF ’UA wH\')/At wH)’)i
@xJ)H@’ —J UF ë—Uw9@ â!x/U9@Át M\ êUJt ’J HJMJ)'AF @ —UA9)’F@ 3Ux—AFJx'A9t ’A.JH
J ’Jx')Ht —Jâ)—@ ü’ /@x’JêKLx/)A’ xA wH\')/A /@')—)AxAt HJ/&AÉAF @ wH)x/!w)@ .\’)i
/@ —J ’UA AwHJx—)õA(JF NA’t ’J @ A/J)'AFt HJ’w@x—Jx—@ ü 'HA—)ÉÍ@ xA êUA9 ’J
3@HFAHAFt Jxâ@9âJFi’J JF UF /@x39)'@ —@ êUA9t MU’'AFJx'J w@H ’UA /AHA/'JH!’')i
/A J’'HU'UHAx'Jt xÍ@ 'LF J’/AwA'[H)A

880
3j0jQ DxTg, fT2éTóHQ60Txg,

202j11vt 1 2 wH@w[’)'@ —J 9A ’Ax/)[x —J 9A 9J­ —J HJ’)—Jx/)A’ FQ—)/A’ z&-%ê%­Ia


guegrC gzmigzgt czu
021Iv,t 8 G( ,­6UQá4(Q\Q í­Qê&­6&M 0AH/J9@xAC 2xA(HAFAt czc
02112T28t s IA A’)’'Jx/)A &@’w)'A9AH)A (JxJHA9 Jx IA -9A'AC A'Jx/)[x —J 9@’ A9)JxAi
—@’ i s@’w)'A9 —J NJ9/&@H 1@FJH@ FO%U4­a me nmrC ooifmt cz
026E28Tv1t ç 6@/)A9)’A')@x wH@3J’’)@xxJ99J J' /@x'Hk9J ’@/)A9 b&ÉO& uUI­]I%3& -&
çQê%Q(Q\%&t llççC mmoimgft cz
026E28Tv1t ç IA /@x’'HU/')@x — ÁUx F@x—J wH@3J’’)@xxJ9C Jx'HQJ’ —J’ MJUxJ’
wHA/')/)Jx’ —Ax’ 9A FQ—J/)xJ (QxQHA9J çQê%Q(Q\%& -O ãUIÉI%(t oC mpfimcgt czo
026E28Tv1t ç -A)xC )'’ J‘wJH)Jx/J Ax— 'HJA'FJx'’ çQê%I( çê%&­ê& é z&-%ê%­&t mceorC
gmfigogt czc
026E28Tv1t ç OQ/&)33HJH 9A —@U9JUH /&H@x)êUJC —JU‘ 3)(UHJ’ —J 9A wHA')êUJ FQ—)/A9J
çê%&­ê&3 çQê%I(&3 &6 çI­6Pa çlemrC o ippt cc
02Pv658t T LI3Q3 qIê%I O­I GêQ(Q\%I -& (I z&­6&M 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’C I@&9Qt cpd
02Pv658t T G3á%U%6O 8 .I6OUI(&úIM 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’C 2F@HH@H'Ut czm
0v4àv1t s y 05IP286àçt I a 4I2Gv1çvt v vx’A)@’ —J ’@/)@9@()A A9JA'[H)A
zI­IlM G36O-Q3 -& ,­6UQáQ(Q\%I çQê%I(a e rC ppi cut ccf
0v4àv1t s J' A9 1Q83 %­ õq%6&d 36O-&­6 êO(6OU& %­ )&-%êI( 3êqQQ(M 4&)/A(@C
jx)âJH’)'­ @3 4&)/A(@ -HJ’’t cd
0v4àv1t s SQ3 G06UI­Q3d 3Qê%Q(Q\%I -& (I -&3É%Iê%4­M 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’C P)JFw@
4@x'JFw@HXxJ@t cp
0v4àv1t s çQê%Q(Q\%êI( õQUx3M 4&)/A(@C PHAx’A/')@x 0@@D’t cpp
0vIN21Pç85t 6 a 0I54st 4 vâ@9U/)[x —J9 ’J/'@H ’A9U— Jx 9A 2H(Jx')xA 9OI-&)Q3
zP-%êQ3 çQê%I(&3a puC fi pt ccf
0vIN21Pç85t 6 J' A9 v9 wH@/J’@ 3@HFA')â@ —J 9A /@Hw@HA/)[x FQ—)/A 2H(Jx')xAt cmui
cgf 9OI-&)Q3 zP-%êQ3 çQê%I(&3 -& bQ3IU%Qa gdC fimct czz
0vIN21Pç85t 6 z&UêI-Q -& ãUINI;Q 8 zP-%êQ3 -& b&ê%&­6& mUI-OIê%4­M x g
0UJx@’ 2)HJ’C 5-6t ccu
0vIN21Pç85t 6 PHAx’3@HFA/)@xJ’ )x'JHxA’ A9 ’J/'@H ’A9U—C 9A HUw'UHA —J9 wA/'@
/@Hw@HA')â@ 5&3IUUQ((Q GêQ­4)%êQa ofeoprC zoi uot ccf

898
0v86ç8Tt ã O@/'@Hi-A')?x' /@FFUx)/A')@x Ax— '&J êUA9)'­ @3 /AHJ çQê%I( çê%&­ê& a
z&-%ê%­&a ome rC ou i o ut cc
050v81çvPst N vç &@’w)'A9 /@F@ /Jx'H@ —J J—U/A/)[x ­ A—)J’'HAF)Jx'@ G-OêIê%4­
zP-%êI 8 çI(O-a demrC udi dt cpm
058Gç8t B IJ FA9A—J @.MJ' çxC 05j1Oçvjt - e5H( r SI z%3‘U& -O zQ­-&M -AH)’C IJ
6JU)9t cco
05j1Oçvjt - IJ /&AFw ’/)Jx')3)êUJ ,ê6&3 -& (I b&êq&Uêq& &­ çê%&­ê&3 çQê%I(&3a mioC
zzi ugt cpd
05j1Oçvjt - S& ç&­3 LUI6%?O&M -AH)’C IJ’ v—)')@xJ’ —J N)xU)'t czu
05j1Oçvjt - 9& ?O& LIU(&U R&O6 5%U&M -AH)’C BA­AH—t czm
05j1Oçvjt - a á247j28Pt I b&3áO&36I3d áIUI O­I I­6UQáQ(Q\%I U&"(&0%ÉIM
NQ‘)/@C TH)MA9.@t ccf
42N21T5 ãH t à 2 FJ—)/)xA @/)—Jx'A9 /@x'JFw@HXxJA çxC IjEt N J' A9 e5H(’ r íI
ç&)%­IU%Q LUQ8&ê6Q bIê%Q­I(%-I-&3 zP-%êI3M 1)@ —J ãAxJ)H@C çN6ijJHMt ccoA
42N21T5 ãH t à eçHr bIê%Q­I(%-I-& zP-%êId Q3 áIUI-Q0Q3 -I ê(:­%êIa cco. O)’’JHi
'AÉÍ@ —J NJ’'HA—@t 1)@ —J ãAxJ)H@C çN6:jJHM
42N21T5 ãH t à 2’ 9%’­ê%I3 -I ,%-3 é I ,%-3 -I3 9%’­ê%I3d Q -%3êOU3Q )P-%êQ & I
êQ­36UO][Q -I ,%-3M 1)@ —J ãAxJ)H@C 1J9UFJiOUFAH\t ccg
42N21T5 ãH t à 1 2 .)@FJ—)/)xA Lq83%3d b&É%36I -& çIè-& 9Q(&6%ÉIa pe rC gfidct
ccp
4s1ç6PN288t B R%É’­ê%I3 8 ã&36%)Q­%Q3M IA -9A'AC 2(HJF)A/)[x NQ—)/A —J IA -9A'At
czm
4ç45j1vIt 2 1A)’@xJFJx' J' —)A(x@’')/C 9J Hk9J —U —)’/@UH’ J' —J 9A /@FwHQ&Jx’)@x
/9)x)êUJ Jx FQ—J/)xJ ,ê6&3 -& (I b&êq&Uêq& &­ çê%&­ê&3 çQê%I(&3a duC pcizct
czf
4I2G1vjIt ã G( fU-&­ zP-%êQM 0AH/J9@xAC 2H(@'t czo
4IçNv8Pt T 1J9A/)[x FQ—)/@iwA/)Jx'J UxA â)x/U9A/)[x )xêU)J'Ax'J 9OI-&)Q3 zP
-%êQ3 çQê%I(&3a dpC zfi upt ccg
O2N2PP2t 1 5 @3)/)@ —J J'x[9@(@ @U /@F@ 'JH ëAx'&H@w@9@()/A9 .9UJ’Á çxC 8j8v6t
v —J 5 e5H( r , ,É&­6OUI çQê%Q(4\%êIM 1)@ —J ãAxJ)H@C EA&AHt cpz
O GçI2t 4 s@’w)'A9J’ —J Jx’JxAxõA G-OêIê%4­ zP-%êI 8 çI(O-a demrC pi mct cpm
Ov64s2N-6t ã IA vx’JxAxõAC 3Ux—A/)[x —J 9A 3A/U9'A—C 9@’ wH@3J’@HJ’ )x)/)A9J’ FO%U4­a
me imrC ooifmt cz
O5jTI26t N LOU&úI & L&U%\QM 6Í@ -AU9@C -JH’wJ/')âAt cpd
Oj21Pvt I B O 5I R%-I .&UÉQ3Ia ­I3 9(I33&3 ãUINI(qI-QUI3 EUNI­I3M 1)@ —J
ãAxJ)H@C ã@H(J EA&AHt czz

899
Oj21Pvt I B O 5’ xJHâ@’ J A Ax'H@w@9@()A FQ—)/A x@H'JiAFJH)/AxAC UFA HJâ)’Í@
/H!')/A Lq83%3d b&É%36I -& çIè-& 9Q(&6%ÉIa oemrC goipot ccot
Oj21Pvt I B O B@HFAÉÍ@ J vx’)x@ xA 2x'H@w@9@()A 6@/)A9C @’ —)9JFA’ —A
jx)âJH’A9)õAÉÍ@ 1@FXx')/A çxC 426P15t v G —J e5H( r G­3%­Q -& ,­6UQáQ(Q\%I
­Q 1UI3%(d 6&)I3 áIUI O)I -%3êO33[QM 1)@ —J ãAxJ)H@C 2’’@/)AÉÍ@ 0HA’)9J)HA —J
2x'H@w@9@()At ccf
Oj21Pvt I B O -J’’@A J —@H x@ 5/)—Jx'J b @ ë&@9)’F@ FJ'@—@9[()/@Á xA Ax'H@w@9@()A
—A ’Aè—J J —@JxÉA çxC Oj21Pvt I B O a Iv2It 5 B 5Q&­êIa çQ"U%)&­6Q &
L&U6OUNI][Qd á&U3á&ê6%ÉI3 &6­Q\U'"%êI3M 1)@ —J ãAxJ)H@C B)@/HUõt ccz
Oj21Pv 8j8v6t v 1J9A/)[x FQ—)/@iwA/)Jx'J ­ ’U’ —J'JHF)xAx'J’ ’@/)A9J’ 9OI-&)Q3
zP-%êQ3 çQê%I(&3a gzC goidzt czc
OjN58Pt I G­3I8Q3 3QNU& &( í­-%É%-OI(%3)QM NA—H)C 29)AxõAt czp
OjN58Pt I CQ)Q T?OI(%3 ííM S í-PQ(Q\%& ,((&)I­-&d uUI­ê&a ,((&)I\­& &6 b&6QOUM
-AH)’C TA99)FAH—t cc
OjN58Pt I CQ)Q C%&UIUêq%êO3d Q 3%36&)I -I3 êI36I3 & 3OI3 %)á(%êI]■&3M 6Í@ -AU9@C
v—U’wt ccm
vIç26t 8 G( LUQê&3Q -& (I 9%É%(%úIê%4­M NQ‘)/@C B@x—@ —J 4U9'UHA v/@x[F)/At ccg
vIEç”1vt - 2 wH@w@’ —J’ FQ—J/)xJ’ xA'UHJ99J’Á ,ê6&3 -& (I b&êq&Uêq& &­ çê%&­ê&3
çQê%I(&3a dgC pcizut czd
v8TvIt T P&J xJJ— 3@H A xJq F@—J9C A /&A99Jx(J 3@H .)@FJ—)/)xJ çê%&­ê&a cdC mci odt cpp
B1vçO658t v SI LUQ"&3%4­ zP-%êIM 0AH/J9@xAC -Jx!x’U9At cpz
B5j42jIPt N z%êUQ":3%êI -Q LQ-&UM 1)@ —J ãAxJ)H@C THAA9t cpz
B5j42jIPt N G( .Iê%)%&­6Q -& (I 9(:­%êIM NQ‘)/@C 6)(9@ llçt cc
T2IIçt 2 ç%6OIê%ü­ ,ê6OI( -& (I G-OêIê%4­ zP-%êI &­ (I b&áèN(%êI ,U\&­6%­IM
0UJx@’ 2)HJ’C 5-6 mgt czc
Tvv1PEt 4 SI í­6&UáU&6Iê%4­ -& (I3 9O(6OUI3M NQ‘)/@C TJ—)’At czp
Tvv1PEt 4 G( ,­6UQá4(Q\Q êQ)Q ,O6QUM 0AH/J9@xAC -A)—@’t czc
Tvv1PEt 4 9Q­Qê%)%&­6Q SQêI(M 0AH/J9@xAC -A)—@’t ccg
T8v445t v çx)/)A/)[x —J 9A FJ—)/)xA Jx IA -9A'A FO%U4­a me imrC fio t cz
T5BBN28t v í­6&U­I-Q3la &­3I8Q3 3QNU& (I 3%6OIê%4­ 3Qê%I( -& (Q3 &­"&U)Q3 )&­6I(&3M
0UJx@’ 2)HJ’C 2F@HH@H'Ut czz
T55Ot N PJFw’ xAHHA')3 J' )x/JH')'U—J Jx FQ—)/)xJ /9)x)êUJ ,­6qUQáQ(Q\%& &6 çQê%P6P3
pe imrC pciczt cco
T55Ot N 4U9'UHA9 ’'U—)J’ @3 .)@FJ—)/)xJC Ax A(Jx—A 3@H HJ’JAH/& çQê%I( çê%&­ê& I­-
z&-%ê%­&a gegrC gd igpot ccf

891
T55Ot N a T55Ot 0 O)’A.9)x( wHA/')')@xJH’C &AõAH—’ @3 9JAHx)x( '@.J A —@/'@H )x 2FJH)/Ax
FJ—)/A9 J—U/A')@x ,)&U%êI­ BQOU­I( fU6qQá38êq%I6U8a fcemrC oumiouct czc
T55Ot N J' A9 ev—’ r LI%­ I3 CO)I­ G0á&U%&­ê&d I­ I­6qUQáQ(Q\%êI( á&U3á&ê6%É&M
I@’ 2x(J9J’C jx)âJH’)'­ @3 4A9)3@Hx)A -HJ’’t ccm
Tj6O51Bt T í­6UQ-Oê6%Q­ IO0 çê%&­ê&3 CO)I%­&3h &33I% êU%6%?O& 3OU (&OU3 QU%\%­&3
&6 (&OU -PÉ&(Qáá&)&­6M -AH)’C 5w&H­’t cpg
Tj6O51Bt T uQ­-I)&­63 -O çIÉQ%U bQ)I­6%?O&M -AH)’C -A­@'t czm
s2s8t 1 ëPHJA' '&J wA')Jx't x@' '&J 9A.ÁC )x'JHxA9 FJ—)/)xJ Ax— '&J /@x/Jw' @3 wJH’@x
9O(6OU&a z&-%ê%­& é L38êq%I6U8a d eorC m cimodt czm
s2s8t 1 2 q@H9— @3 )x'JHxA9 FJ—)/)xJC w@H'HA)' 53 Ax çx'JHx)’' çxC s2s8t 1 a T2ç8v6t
2 e5H(’ r Lq83%ê%I­3 Q " õ&36&U­ z&-%ê%­&a ,­6qUQáQ(Q\%êI( ,ááUQIêq&3 6Q
ãq&QU8 I­- LUIê6%ê&M O@H—HJ/&'t s@9Ax—AC 1J)—J9 -U.9)’&)x(t czf
svIN28t 4 2x'&H@w@9@(­ Ax— /9)x)/A9 wHA/')êUJ ,­6qUQáQ(Q\8 ãQ-I8a egrC pi ut czf
svII6P1VNt 5 P&J )Fw@H'Ax/J @3 A &@9)’')/ /@x/Jw' @3 &JA9'& 3@H &JA9'& /AHJC J‘AFw9J’
3H@F '&J /9)x)/ ãq&QU&6%êI( z&-%ê%­&a gC omfiogmt cco
sv1EIç4st 4 NQ—J/)xJ F@—JHxJ J' êUL'J —J ’Jx’ çxC 2jT”t N a sv1EIç4st 4
e5H(’ r S& ç&­3 -O zI(M -AH)’C 2H/&)âJ’ 4@x'JFw@HA)xJ’t czg
sv1EIç4st 4 a -çv11vPt ã zI(I-&3 - ÆC%&Ua zI(I-&3 - Æ,O;QOU-ÆCO%M -AH)’C -A­@'t
cc
sv1EIç4st 4 a -çv11vPt ã jFA —@JxÉA x@ J’wAÉ@ wè.9)/@C A 2)—’ JF ’J)’ M@FA)’
3HAx/J’J’ Lq83%3d b&É%36I -& çIè-& 9Q(&6%ÉIa me rC iout ccm
sv1EIç4st 4 J' A9 e5H(’ r 9%­?OI­6& I­3 - ÆG0&Uê%ê& -& (I zP-&ê%­& &­ uUI­ê&d
êIUU%‘U&3 &6 áUI6%?O&3 -&3 )P-&ê%­3 "UI­]I%3 tDe treM -AH)’C çx’JHFt cco
sv66t O ç3 ­@UÁHJ '&)xD)x( @3 9)â)x( )x 6P6C A (U)—J 3@H '&J wJHw9J‘J— 6Ax'A BJt 8Jq
NQ‘)/@t cco PHA.A9&@ AwHJ’Jx'A—@ x@ 6JF)x\H)@ «4).@H( 2x'&H@w@9@(­Y xA
6/&@@9 3@H 2FJH)/Ax 1J’JAH/& eN)FJ@r
svá2t 6 a svPsv1ç8TP58t 1 6wJ/)A9)’'’ q)'&@U' ’w)H)'C 9)F)'A/)@xJ’ @3 '&J
FJ/&Ax)’')/ .)@FJ—)/A9 F@—J9 ãq&QU&6%êI( z&-%ê%­&a dC mci oct ccf
çIIç4st ç .P)&3%3 zP-%êIC (I &0áUQá%Iê%4­ -& (I 3I(O-M NQ‘)/@C -9AxJ'At czd
àIvç8N28t 2 J' A9 4U9'UHJt )99xJ’’ Ax— /AHJC /9)x)/A9 9J’’@x’ 3H@F Ax'&H@w@9@()/ Ax—
/H@’’i/U9'UHA9 HJ’JAH/& ,­­I(3 Q " í­6&U­I( z&-%ê%­&a zzC mf imfzt cpz
à8511i4vPç82t à ãq& zI­O"Iê6OU& Q " v­Q7(&-\&M 5‘3@H—C -JH(AF@x -HJ’’t cz
I2ç8iv8P12IT5t - ,­6UQáQ(Q\%I zP-%êIM 0AH/J9@xAC 6A9âA't czg
I2P5j1t 0 SI çê%&­ê& &­ ,ê6%Q­M -AH)’C IA OQ/@UâJH'Jt czc
I2P5j1t 0 a á55IT21t 6 SI R%& -& SINQUI6Q%U&d (I áUQ-Oê6%Q­ -&3 "I%63
3ê%&­6%"%?O&3M -AH)’C IA OQ/@UâJH'Jt czz

892
Iv 01vP58t O ,­6qUQáQ(Q\%& -O 9QUá3 &6 zQ-&U­%6PM -AH)’C -jBt ccf
IjEt N P .I6OUI(a bIê%Q­I(a çQê%I(M 1)@ —J ãAxJ)H@C 4AFwU’t czz
IjEt N P e4@@H— r 4@FwAHAÉÍ@ —A FJ—)/)xA /)Jx'!3)/A @/)—Jx'A9 /@F A FJ—)/)xA &@FJ@w\i
')/At FJ—)/)xA 'HA—)/)@xA9 /&)xJ’A J FJ—)/)xA âQ—)/A çxC íQ ç&)%­IU%Q LUQ8&ê6Q
bIê%Q­I(%-I-&3 zP-%êI3M 1)@ —J ãAxJ)H@C çN6ijJHMt ccmt 1)@ —J ãAxJ)H@ ,­I%3MMM
1)@ —J ãAxJ)H@C çN6:jJHMt ccm
N2IPv1jOt à P&J 9J()')FA/­ @3 /9)x)/A9 Dx@q9J—(JC '@qAH—’ A FJ—)/A9 Jw)’'JF@9@(­
JF.HA/)x( '&J AH' @3 FJ—)/)xJ ãq&QU&6%êI( z&-%ê%­&a dC zoi czt ccf
N2j66t N çQê%Q(Q\%I 8 ,­6UQáQ(Q\%IM NA—H)C PJ/x@’t cpc
Nvváv6v8t I J' A9 GJH.A9 AxA9)’)’ @3 —@/'@HiwA')Jx' /@FFUx)/A')@x çQê%I( çê%&­ê&
é z&-%ê%­&t ome urC goi fut cc
NjvIiO1v,Bj6t B IJ 3Ax'kFJ —U FQ—J/)x —J 3AF)99J ,ê6&3 -& (I b&êq&Uêq& &­ çê%&­ê&3
çQê%I(&3a fgCpuip t czg
8ç45Iç6t T a -1çT5Tç8vt , G0á(QU%­\ 9Q)á(&0%68a I­ %­6UQ-Oê6%Q­M 8@âA ç@HêUJC G
s BHJJFAx Ax— 4@FwAx­t czc
1284ç4st 2 a 428O1vG2t 2 1Aõ@xAF)Jx'@ FQ—)/@C 3A/'@HJ’ ­ /@x—)/)@xJ’ —J 9A
HJ’@9U/)[x —J wH@.9JFA’ /@F@ J’'HA'J()A —J Jx’JxAxõAiAwHJx—)õAMJ G-OêIê%4­
zP-%êI 8 çI(O-a mceoigrC mfpimdct ccf
1v6PçG5t 6 N@—JF ’/)Jx/J A’ A ’@/)A9 wH@.9JF çQê%I( LUQN(&)3a ofeorC mudi mmft
czz
62sIç86t N í3(I3 -& C%36QU%IM 0AH/J9@xAC TJ—)’At czz
6NçPst 2 a àIvç8N28t 6 NAxA()x( JF@')@x’ )x FJ—)/A9 /@@9C ’'U—Jx'’ /@x'A/'’
q)'& '&J 9)â)x( Ax— '&J —JA— çQê%I( L38êqQ(Q\8 FOI6&U(8a fme rC fdifpt czc
6P21t 6 çx'H@—U/')@xC '&J ’@/)@9@(­ @3 '&J ’/)Jx/J Ax— 'J/&x@9@(­ çQê%I( LUQN(&)3a
ofeorC cpimuft czz
6Pv-P5vt 2 J' A9 6A')’3A/')@x q)'& /@FFUx)/A')@xt FJ—)/A9 Dx@q9J—(Jt Ax— /@w)x(
’'­9J )x wA')Jx'’ q)'& FJ'A’'A')/ /Ax/JH çQê%I( çê%&­ê&3 é z&-%ê%­&t ome rC dmpi
domt cc
6P1vvP ãH t 1 çx3@HFA')@xi()â)x( )x FJ—)/A9 /@x’U9'A')@x’C '&J )x39UJx/J @3 wA')Jx'Á
/@FFUx)/A')âJ ’'­9J’ Ax— wJH’@xA9 /&AHA/'JH)’')/’ çQê%I( çê%&­ê&3 é z&-%ê%­&a
omefrC fg ifgzt cc
P2I45PPt - 6'HU/'UHJ ’@/)A9J J' wH@/J’’U’ —­xAF)êUJC 9J /A’ —J 9A wHA')êUJ FQ—)/A9J
N@—JHxJ çxC sv1EIç4st 4 ev— r zP-&ê%­&a zI(I-%& &6 çQê%P6PM -AH)’C N@U'@xt
cpu
P2j66çTt N ãq& .&UÉQO3 ç836&)M 8@âA ç@HêUJC 1@U'9J—(Jt ccm
Pv8 s2Gvt s NJ—)/)xJ Ax— '&J /AH'J’)Ax )FA(J @3 FAx ãq&QU&6%êI( z&-%ê%­&a zC mofi
mgdt czp

893
lR3I73c êt f LUQê&33Q b%6OI(M ujUQ :óéT,P êózj,c v eBt
Pj18v1t G 6@/)A9 —HAFA’ Ax— ’'@H)J’t A.@U' '&JF çxC NçP4svIt á ã P ev— r f­
.IUUI6%É&M 4&)/A(@C P&J jx)âJH’)'­ @3 4&)/A(@ -HJ’’t czu
Pj18v1t G SI ç&(ÉI -& (Q3 ç:)NQ(Q3M NA—H)C -A)—@’t ccu
P12ávvàt 6 2x )x'H@—U/')@x '@ /U9'UHA9 Ax— ’@/)A9 ’'U—)J’ @3 ’/)Jx/J Ax— 'J/&x@9@()J’
9O(6OU&a z&-%ê%­& é L38êq%I6U8a pC oimft cco
GvIs5t T 5.’JHâAx—@ @ 3AF)9)AH çxC 8j8v6t v —; 5 e5H( r , ,É&­6OUI çQê%Q(4\%êIM
1)@ —J ãAxJ)H@C EA&AHt cpz
Gv158t v vx'HJ -)JH/J ­ 0A'J’@xC /)JH'A )—JA —J9 ’Jx')—@ çxC áç8àç8t ç e5H( r 1I6&3Q­d
áU%)&U %­É&­6IU%Q -& O­I q&U&­ê%IM 0UJx@’ 2)HJ’C 8UJâA G)’)@xt cc
Gçvç12t N b&"(&0■&3 3QNU& bIê%Q­I(%-I-&3 zP-%êI3d -%(&)I3 -& O) ê(:­%êQa cc
O)’’JH'AÉÍ@ —J NJ’'HA—@t 1)@ —J ãAxJ)H@C çN6:jJ)M
Gç6245á6à,t 6 )7UQ ’A.J 9A 'J@H)A —J ’! F)’FAhC 9A /UJ’')[x —J 9A’ HJ9A/)@xJ’ —J)
w’)/@Ax\9)’)’ /@x J9 &@’w)'A9 —J’—J 9A 9[()/A —J 9A’ wH\/')/A’ 9OI-&U­Q3 -&
,­6UQáQ(Q\%I çQê%I(a fC ufi omt cc
áçIIç2N6t 0 -A')Jx' ’A')’3A/')@xC A âA9)— /@x/Jw'h çQê%I( çê%&­ê&3 é z&-%ê%­&a
ozegrC fucif dt ccg
á55IT21t 6 IA.@HA'@H­ ’'U—)J’C A /@FFJx' @x '&J ’'A'J @3 '&J AH' çQê%I( ç6O-%&3 Q"
çê%&­ê&a megrC gz igczt czm
á55IT21t 6 á&A' )’ ëAx'&H@w@9@()/A9Á A.@U' '&J Ax'&H@w@9@(­ @3 ’/)Jx/J 9OUU&­6
,­6qUQáQ(Q\8a ome rC pciz t cc

26n
2xJ‘@’
A2
r 4@x'A(JF —J 4Og ô í
mr OA'A ô : : í
or 4@x'A(JF —J 4Ogô í
gr OA'A ô : : í
fr 4@x'A(JF —J 4Ogô í
dr OA'A ô : : í

p ó e v p N éú e P v N P : âà N

r v‘AFJ @3'A9F@9[()/@ úúúú

T4 à p M p m M e P
r 8@HFA9 ô í
mr NA’’A èx)/A ô í
or NA’’A’ Fè9')w9A’ ô í
gr 1J3@HÉ@’ /@F /@x'HA’'J ô í
fr 2'H@3)A /JHJ.HA9 ô í
n r v—JFA /JHJ.HA9 ô í
pr 5 U 'H@ ’úúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúú

DCs à p M p m M e P
r 8@HFA9 ô í
mr NA’’A èx)/A ô í
or NA’’A’ Fè9')w9A’ ô í
gr 1J3@HÉ@ /@F /@x'HA’'J ô í
fr 2'H@3)A /JHJ.HA9 ô í
dr v—JFA /JHJ.HA9 ô í
pr 5 U 'H@ ’úúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúú

ú pPp Mó ú Meó

r 8@HFA9 ô í
mr çx'JH’'!/)@ Ux)9A'JHA9 ô í
or çx'JH’'!/)@ .)9A'JHA9 ô í
gr 2/)x@’ Ux)9A'JHA9 ô í
fr 2/)x@’ .)9A'JHA9 ô í
dr N)’'@ Ux)9A'JHA9 ô í
pr N)’'@ .)9A'JHA9 ô ■
zr OJHHAFJ w9JUHA9 Ux)9A'JHA9 ô í
cr OJHHAFJ w9JUHA9 .)9A'JHA9 ô í
ur 2.’/J’’@ wU9F@xAH ô í

817
r 8Í@ 'HA'A—@ ô í
mr 4@F.)xAÉWJ’ ô í
or O@’J —J 2EP ô í
gr O@’J OOç ô í
fr 5 U'H@’úúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúúú úúúú

ú Meúev phúN àNv eTú

r OA'A —J /@FJÉ@ : :

ú Meúev phúN
r 6JF AUFJx'@ —J 4Og ô í
mr 2UFJx'@ —J 4Og ô í
or çx!/)@ —@ PHA'AFJx'@ : :

p é p âú N H e b R pMHN H be v p b âà e N â h H ú âú g be

r v3J)'@’ A—âJH’@’ —A FJ—)/AÉÍ@ )x’')'U!—A ô í

â h épà pH e H H N à âe b e H
r8Í@ô í
mr 6)F ô í P)w@t 9@/A9)õAÉÍ@ J 'HA'AFJx'@

h p N S P e H âe H e H H N à âe b e H
r8Í@ô í
mr 6)F ô í P)w@t 9@/A9)õAÉÍ@ J 'HA'AFJx'@

S M N é âP e ó âe H

r -H)F\H)A’ e—H@(At —@’Jt â)A —J A—F)x)’'HAÉÍ@rú


mr 6J/Ux—\H)A’ e—H@(At —@’Jt â)A —J A—F)x)’'HAÉÍ@r

819
x 6

esCBâtHgB Meâe e t fçaOHtCe B cBO c tOH âêtBO cB g BçtgafHB

811

You might also like