ABSTRACT

This study investigates the relationship between inadequate tools and equipment
and academic performance among Grade 11 TVL BPP/FBS/COOKERY students
using a survey instrument tailored for this research. The population under study
comprises Grade 11 TVL BPP/FBS/COOKERY students enrolled in Baguio National
School of Arts and Trades. Through analysis of survey data gathered from a
sample size of 30 respondents, it was observed that both inadequate tools and
equipment and academic performance were perceived as average among
respondents, with no significant correlation detected between the two factors.
These findings imply a need for further investigation into the nuanced factors
influencing academic performance in culinary education and underscore the
importance of addressing resource deficiencies to optimize student learning
experiences in culinary education
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS LITERATURE

One persistent challenge faced by cookery students is the lack of access to

adequate tools and equipment. This issue hampers their learning experience,
limits their potential, and ultimately affects the quality of education's ability to
effectively practice and master culinary techniques. Brown J. (2020) stated the
role of tools and equipment in enhancing practical skills and development in
cookery, this study explores how the availability and quality of tools, and
equipment impact the student's ability to effectively practice and master culinary
techniques.
According to Vallance and Duncan (2017), The resources and materials as well as
tools and equipment are necessary in order to complete a task but regardless of
the profession no task can be done well without the right tools, this study defined
that the students cannot perform because of the lack of tools and no task can be
done because of lacking of tools and equipment.
The purpose of this research is to study the effects of Inadequate tools and
equipment to the academic performance among Grade 11 TVL BPP/FBS/COOKERY
students. And to identify the extent of the issue, understand its impact on
learning outcomes, explore potential solutions or interventions, and advocate for
improvements in resource allocation to better support educational needs.
Review of Related Literature
This section presents literature and studies to the research problem. These also
validated the conceptual framework of this study.
Conceptual Framework
This study aims to determine the significant correlation between the lack of tools
and equipment and academic of Grade 11 TVL BPP/FBS/COOKERY students.
.

(IV) (DV)
Inadequate tools Academic Performnce
And equipment

In Figure 1 which in the independent variable which refers to the Inadequate ools
and equipment in the BPP/FBS/COOKERY laboratory. It affects the dependent
variable which is the academic performance of Grade 11 BPP/FBS /COOKERY
students. Thus, the study aims to determine the effect of Inadequate tools and
equipment to the academic performance of Grade 11 BPP/FBS/COOKERY
students.
Related Literature
Several studies have examined the impact of inadequate tools and equipment on
the academic performance of students in BPP/FBS/COOKERY programs, shedding
light on the challenges faced by learners in resource-constrained environments.
For example, Smith and Johnson (2018) conducted a study investigating the
experiences of culinary students in facilities with outdated and insufficient
equipment. Their findings revealed that students encountered significant
obstacles in their learning process due to a lack of access to proper tools and
equipment. As a result, students reported feelings of frustration and
dissatisfaction, which negatively affected their academic performance.
Similarly, Lee et al. (2019) conducted research exploring the relationship between
access to high-quality tools and equipment and student outcomes in culinary
education. Their study found that students who had access to modern and well-
maintained equipment demonstrated higher levels of engagement, skill
acquisition, and academic achievement compared to those with limited access to
resources. These findings underscore the critical role of adequate tools and
equipment in facilitating effective learning and enhancing academic performance
in BPP/FBS/COOKERY programs.
Overall, the literature suggests that inadequate tools and equipment pose
significant challenges for students in culinary education, impacting their learning
experiences and academic outcomes. By applying theoretical frameworks such as
Social Learning Theory and Cognitive Load Theory, educators and policymakers
can gain insights into the mechanisms through which resource deficiencies affect
student learning and develop strategies to address these challenges effectively.
Theoretical framework
Vallance and Duncan (2017) The resources and materials as well as tools and
equipment are necessary to complete a task but regardless of the profession no
task can be done well without the right tools, this study defined that the students
cannot perform because of the lack of tools and no task can be done because of
lacking tools and equipment. The findings emphasize that the absence or
inadequacy of tools and equipment directly impacts students' ability to perform
tasks associated with their field of study. This limitation not only impedes skill
development but also undermines confidence and motivation, ultimately affecting
academic performance. Therefore, addressing deficiencies in tools and equipment
is essential for creating a conducive learning environment that supports student
success in BPP/FBS/COOKERY programs.

A. Statement of the Problem

This study aims to investigate the relationship of lack of tools and equipment and
the PE academic performance among Grade 11 TVL BPP/FBS/COOKERY students
in Baguio National School of Arts and Trades with the following questions:
1. What is the level of Inadequate tools and equipment in the BPP/FBS/COOKERY
laboratory in Baguio National School of Arts and Trades?
2. What is the level of Academic performance among BPP/FBS/COOKERY students
in Baguio National School of Arts and Trades?
3. Is there a significant relationship between Inadequate tools and Equipment and
Academic performance among BPP/FBS/COOKERY students in Baguio National
School of Arts and Trades?
Null Hypothesis
There is no significant relationship between Inadequate tools and equipment
and the academic performance of TVL BPP/FBS/COOKERY students of BNSAT.
Scope and Delimitation
The scope is limited to the relationship between Inadequate tools and equipment
and the academic performance of Grade 11 TVL BPP/FBS/COOKERY students at
Baguio National School of Arts and Trades for 2023-2024. It is delimited to these
senior students in these demanding programs to investigate the insufficient tools
and equipment –academic performance link in a rigorous culinary field context.

CHAPTER 2
METHODOLOGY

Research Design
The researchers employed the correlational method to look at how the lack
of tools had affected the academic performances of the Grade 11
BPP/FBS/COOKERY students. As stated by Campbell and Stanley (1963) is the
study of relationships between variables as they exist in the real world, without
experimental manipulation. Correlational research is non-experimental which
means that the researcher does not manipulate any of the variables. Researchers
can present the outcomes utilizing a numerical value referred to as the
correlation coefficient. Thus, correlation coefficient between lack of tools and
equipment and academic performance.
Respondent of the study
The respondents in this study are the Grade 11 TVL Home Economics
BPP/FBS/COOKERY students of BNSAT. A total of 30 students. The respondents
were Grade 11 TVL Home Economics BPP/FBS/COOKERY students since they were
the ones who were affected by the factors mentioned. Aside from the study's
topic being related to Grade 11 TVL Home Economics BPP/FBS/COOKERY
students. The researchers also wish to tell TVL Home Economics
BPP/FBS/COOKERY students dealing with a variety of issues.
Locale of the Study
This study was carried out in Baguio Proper, Baguio District, Davao City, Baguio
National School of Arts and Trades. It is situated between Barangays Malagos and
Cadalian.
Sample and Sampling Procedure
The survey questionnaire method is the most common method of correlational
research. It involves random sampling of the subjects in the research who fill out
a survey questionnaire test associated on the variables of interest. Random
sampling is crucial to the generalizability of a survey's result. It was employed to
identify the 30 respondents of 11-Charity, who composed the sample of this study

Sampling Size
To ensure a thorough understanding of the relationship between inadequate
tools and equipment and academic performance within this particular group, the
total (30) sample size will be determined by TVL Home Economics
BPP/FBS/COOKERY students.
Research Instrument
Survey questionnaires were distributed to the respondents of Grade 11 TVL-
BPP/FBS/COOKERY Students of Baguio National School of Arts and Trades.
Table 1. Level of Inadequate tools and equipment in TVL Home Economics
BPP/FBS/COOKERY Laboratory
Scale Range Frequency Interpretations
4.50 – 5 Strongly Agree Always experienced Inadequate tools and
equipment
3.50 – 4.49 Agree Sometimes experienced Inadequate tools and equipment
2.50 – 3.49 Moderately Agree Frequently experienced Inadequate tools and
equipment
1.50 – 2.49 Strongly Disagree Infrequently experienced Inadequate tools and
equipment
1 – 1.49 Disagree Did not experienced Inadequate tools and equipment

On the other hand Table 2 shows that their Academic Performance was measured
in the same table in the Inadequate tools and equipment.
Table 2: level of Academic Performance among respondents
Scale Range Frequency Interpretations
4.50-5 Strongly Agree Academic performance is very high
3.50-4.49 Agree Academic performance is high
2.50-3.49 Moderately Agree Academic performance is average
1.50-2.49 Strongly Disagree Academic performance is below average
1-1.49 Disagree Academic performance is negative
Data Gathering Procedures
To gather data, the procedure used a survey questionnaire to analyze and
evaluate the Inadequate tools and equipment and academic performance among
Grade 11 students of TVL Home Economics BPP/FBS/COOKERY students of BNSAT
by using the data gathered from the scope of respondents and acquire further
conclusions.
Data Analysis
The data collected and retrieved from the respondents were analyzed and
interpreted with the use of one statistical method.
1. Means was used to measure the level Inadequate tools and equipment and
academic performance among the Grade 11 TVL Home Economics
BPP/FBS/COOKERY students of Baguio National School of Arts and Trades.
2. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) is the most common way of measuring a
linear correlation; a number between –1 and 1 that measures the strength and
direction of the relationship between The dependent variable changes to the
degree and direction in the independent variable influence it. In this study, the
inadequate tools and equipment experienced by the respondents in the school
was measured to be correlated to their academic performance.
Table 3: Table for r value
0.00 No Correlation
±0.01 to ± 0.20 Very low positive/ negative correlation
±0.21 to ±0.40 Slight positive/ negative correlation
±0.41 to ±0.70 Moderate positive/ negative correlation
±0.71 to ±0.90 High positive/ negative correlation
±0.91 to ±0.99 Very high positive/ negative correlation
±1.00 Perfect Correlation
r- value descriptions
Ethical Considerations
Prior to the survey, the researcher asked permission to the respondents and
orient them the purpose of the Study. The respondents will sign a consent form as
proof of their willingness to cooperate, and that they are not forced in any way.
Lastly, the researchers explained to them that their identity will be
protected unless they permit to using or including their name in the study.

Chapter III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Presented in this chapter are the analysis and presentation of data.

Results and Discussions

The level of Inadequate tools and equipment among Grade 11 BPP/FBS/COOKERY
Respondents of BNSAT
Table 3 shows that most of the respondents Agree which means they Sometimes
experienced Inadequate tools and equipment in BPP/FBS/COOKERY Laboratory.
In the survey, the majority of them had concluded that they sometimes
experienced Inadequate tools and equipment in BPP/FBS/COOKERY Laboratory
this suggest a high level of dissatisfaction or concern about the current state of
resources available for practical work. this implies that the tools
and equipment provided are insufficient or not up to standard for carrying out
necessary tasks effectively.
Table 3. The Level of Inadequate tools and equipment among Respondents
N Mean Description

Inadequate tools and equipment

3.794
Agree
This reflects the findings of (Velandia & López, 2017) Studies have shown that the
availability and quality of tools and equipment significantly impact the learning
outcomes in culinary education. Inadequate tools can limit students' ability to
practice techniques effectively, resulting in lower skill acquisition and competency
levels.

The Level of Academic Performance among Grade 11 BPP/FBS/COOKERY

Respondents of BNSAT
Table 4 below shows that the overall mean of academic performance is 3.74
which means the respondents Agree that academic performance was high. This
shows that the respondents successfully achieved the academic requirements in
terms of insufficient tools and equipment.
Table 4. Level of Academic performance of TVL BPP/FBS/COOKERY Respondents
Level Description
Academic Performance 3.743 Agree

This reflects the findings of (Lee & Wang, 2017) Overcoming obstacles related to
inadequate tools and equipment can foster resilience and determination in
students. Students who demonstrate perseverance in the face of challenges are
more likely to excel academically and succeed in their culinary careers.
The Significant Relationship between the Grade 11 BPP/FBS/COOKERY
Respondents’ Inadequate tools and equipment and Academic Performance.
A Pearson correlation was performed to determine if there is a correlation
between variables Inadequate tools and equipment. There is a medium, positive
correlation between variables Peer Pressure and GSA with r(30) = -0.26 and p
= .3974, in this sample.
Table 6. Significant Relationship between inadequate tools and equipment in
BPP/FBS/COOKERY Respondents of BNSAT.
r p (2-tailed)
Inadequate tools and equipment and academic performance -0.26 .3974
Comparing the results of the independent variable (inadequate tools and
equipment) with a mean of 3.79 to the dependent variable (academic
performance) with a mean of 3.743 in the same degree level revealed that a
average level of inadequate tools and equipment in the laboratory corresponded
to an average academic performance.
Additionally, this reflects the findings of (Brown & Garcia, 2020) the literature
reveals a correlation between inadequate tools and equipment in culinary
education laboratories and academic performance. Studies have found that when
the mean level of inadequate tools and equipment is compared to academic
performance scores, there exists a moderate correlation between the two
variables.

Chapter IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In this chapter, the researchers present the summary of findings, conclusions and
recommendations.
Restatement of the Problem
This study aims to investigate the relationship between Inadequate tools and
equipment to academic performance among the respondents with the following
questions:
1. What is the level of Inadequate tools and equipment among Grade 11
BPP/FBS/COOKERY students of Baguio National School of Arts and Trades?
2. What is the level of academic performance among BPP/FBS/COOKERY students
of BNSAT?
3. Is there a significant relationship between Inadequate tools and equipment and
academic performance among Grade 11 BPP/FBS/COOKERY students of BNSAT?
Summary of Findings
Based on the data analyzed and interpreted, the researchers summarized the
following:
1. The grade 11 BPP/FBS/COOKERY Agreed that they sometimes experienced
forms of Inadequate tools and equipment
2. The grade 11 BPP/FBS/COOKERY respondents had Agreed that their academic
performance high.
3. There is no significant relationship between the levels of Inadequate tools and
equipment and academic performance among BPP/FBS/COOKERY students.

Conclusion
Based on the findings, the researchers concluded as follows:
1.The data revealed that Grade 11 TVL Home Economics BPP/FBS/COOKERY
students sometimes experienced forms of inadequate tools and equipment in
their educational environment.
2. Respondents indicated that their academic performance was generally high,
suggesting that despite encountering inadequate tools and equipment, they were
able to achieve satisfactory academic outcomes.
3.Analysis of the data did not find a significant relationship between the levels of
inadequate tools and equipment and academic performance among Grade 11 TVL
Home Economics BPP/FBS/COOKERY students. This implies that while students
may occasionally face challenges due to insufficient resources, it does not
necessarily hinder their academic success.
Based on the data analysis and interpretation, the researchers concluded that
while Grade 11 TVL Home Economics BPP/FBS/COOKERY students acknowledged
experiencing forms of inadequate tools and equipment, their academic
performance remained high. Additionally, there was no significant relationship
found between the levels of inadequate tools and equipment and academic
performance among these students. Therefore, it can be inferred that despite
occasional challenges posed by inadequate resources, students in this cohort are
able to adapt and excel academically in their chosen field.