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Chapter 6 Test Item File Nevid
1) Excessively rigid patterns of behaviour, or ways of relating to others, that ultimately

become self-defeating because of their rigidity are called ________ disorders.
A) adjustment
B) psychotic
C) personality
D) neurotic
Answer: c
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 215 Skill: Conceptual
2) The warning signs of personality disorders usually become evident in ________.

A) childhood
B) adolescence
C) middle adulthood
D) late adulthood
Answer: a
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 215 Skill: Factual
3) People who have personality disorders tend to perceive their disturbed behaviours or
traits as ________.
A) superfluous
B) egocentric
C) ego syntonic
D) ego dystonic
Answer: c
4) The term that refers to personality traits that are perceived as a natural part of oneself
is ________.
A) integral
B) egocentric
C) ego syntonic
D) ego dystonic
Answer: c
5) Each of the following is true of people with personality disorders EXCEPT ________.
A) they are likely to seek professional help on their own for their problems
B) their behaviour patterns are highly resistant to change
C) they do not generally perceive a need to change their behaviours
D) their rigidity prevents them from adjusting to external demands
Answer: a
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc. 1

6) People who have anxiety or mood disorders tend to perceive their disturbed behaviours
as ________.
A) integral
B) egocentric
C) ego syntonic
D) ego dystonic
Answer: d
7) The term that refers to personality traits that are perceived as being separate or outside
one's self-identity, and thus changeable, is ________.
A) superfluous
B) egocentric
C) ego syntonic
D) ego dystonic
Answer: d
8) The DSM-IV lists personality disorders on Axis ________.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
Answer: b
9) The DSM-IV groups personality disorders into ________ clusters.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
Answer: b
10) The DSM-IV lists ________ individual personality disorders.

A) 2
B) 6
C) 10
D) 14

Answer: c
11) In the DSM-IV listing of personality disorder clusters, people who are perceived as
odd or eccentric would be listed under cluster ________.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: a
12) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster A personality disorder?

A) paranoid
B) schizoid
C) antisocial
D) schizotypal
Answer: c
13) In the DSM-IV listing of personality disorder clusters, people whose behaviour is
overly dramatic, emotional, or erratic would be listed under cluster ________.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: b
14) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster B personality disorder?

A) avoidant
B) histrionic
C) narcissistic
D) antisocial
Answer: a
15) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster B personality disorder?

A) borderline
B) passive-aggressive
C) histrionic
D) narcissistic

Answer: b
16) In the DSM-IV listing of personality disorder clusters, people who often appear
anxious or fearful in their behaviour are listed under cluster ________.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: c
17) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster C personality disorder?

A) dependent
B) avoidant
C) histrionic
D) obsessive-compulsive
Answer: c
18) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster C personality disorder?

A) dependent
B) borderline
C) avoidant
Answer: b
19) People with personality disorders listed under DSM-IV cluster ________ often have
difficulty relating to others or show little or no interest in developing social
relationships.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: a
20) The defining trait of ________ personality disorder is pervasive suspiciousness.

A) antisocial
B) paranoid

C) schizoid
D) avoidant
Answer: b
21) Ginette is overly sensitive to criticism. She takes offence at the most trivial real or
imagined slight. She does not trust others, is easily angered, and holds grudges. She
has few friends and is extremely jealous and possessive of her one boyfriend, whom
she is always accusing of "playing around" on her. She is most likely suffering from
________ personality disorder.
A) antisocial
B) paranoid
C) histrionic
D) avoidant
Answer: b
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 216 Skill: Applied
22) The DSM-5 includes all of the following changes EXCEPT __________.
A) a reduction of the number of personality disorders
B) an increase in the number of personality disorders
C) updated criteria based on core impairments
D) a new measure of dysfunction called the Levels of Personality Functioning
Scale
Answer: d
23) In the DSM-5, the definition of a personality disorder focuses on all of the following
EXCEPT __________.
A) pervasive and problematic patterns of thinking, emotions, and behaviour
B) personality traits that contribute to a failure to adapt
C) an impaired sense of identity
D) a failure to develop effective interpersonal functioning
Answer: a
24) In the DSM-5, there are __________ instead of __________ personality disorders.
A) 8; 10
B) 12; 10
C) 6; 8
D) 6; 10
a
Answer: d

25) The DSM-5 has dropped __________ personality disorder.

A) narcissism
B) obsessive-compulsive
C) schizoid
D) avoidant
Answer: c

A) dependent
B) avoidant
C) schizotypal
D) antisocial
Answer: a

A) borderline
B) paranoid
C) antisocial
D) narcissistic
Answer: b

A) histrionic
B) antisocial
C) avoidant
D) schizotypal
Answer: a
29) The DSM-5 includes __________ domains on a Five-Factor Model of Personality.

A) trait
B) adaptive
C) characteristic
D) interpersonal functioning
Answer: a

30) The DSM-5 includes all of the following domains EXCEPT _________.
A) compulsivity
B) extroversion
C) disinhibition
D) antagonism
Answer: b
31) People with paranoid personality disorder are ________ to seek treatment for
themselves and are more likely to be ________.
A) unlikely; men than women
B) likely; men than women
C) unlikely; women than men
D) likely; women than men
Answer: a
32) People from other cultures tend to be guarded or defensive in their behaviour.
Clinicians need to be careful not mistake this behaviour for ______ personality
disorder.
A) paranoid
B) schizoid
C) schizotypal
D) antisocial
Answer: a
33) Social isolation is the cardinal feature of ________ personality disorder.

A) schizoid
B) schizotypal
C) narcissistic
D) avoidant
Answer: a
34) Alexis is a "loner." She has little interest in social relationships and appears distant
and aloof. She rarely shows any emotional expression and seems indifferent to praise
and criticism. She is usually wrapped up in abstract ideas and has little time for, or
interest in, people. She is most likely suffering from ________ personality disorder.
A) schizotypal
B) schizoid

C) narcissistic
D) avoidant
Answer: b
35) Those with schizoid personality disorder usually ________.

A) experience anxiety in social situations.
B) express emotions openly
C) show little or no emotion
D) are oversensitive to criticism
Answer: c
36) Rachid puts on a superficial display of social aloofness. But deep inside he harbours
deep curiosities about other people, and exquisite sensitivity. He wishes for love that
he cannot openly express, and often expresses his sensitivity in deep feelings and
affection for animals rather than for people. He is typical of someone with ________
personality disorder.
A) schizotypal
B) dependent
C) borderline
D) schizoid
Answer: d
37) André appears aloof but harbours deep curiosities about people and wishes for love
that he cannot express. He is able to express his love for his poodle. André likely has
__________ personality disorder.
A) schizotypal
B) paranoid
C) schizoid
D) antisocial
Answer: c
38) Manny falsely believes his co-workers are talking about him and that they get
depressed because he regularly listens to blues music. This thinking style is called
_________.
A) paranoia
B) ideas of reference
C) a fifth sense
D) ideas of forecast

Answer: b
39) With schizoid personality disorder, sensitivity is sometimes expressed in deep

feelings for _______.
A) children
B) nature
C) animals
D) family
Answer: c
40) Schizotypal personality disorder usually becomes evident in ________.

A) childhood
B) adolescence
C) early adulthood
D) middle adulthood
Answer: c
41) People whose behaviours and mannerisms are particularly odd, but not severe enough
to merit a diagnosis of schizophrenia, are said to be suffering from ________
A) schizoid
B) schizotypal
C) schizoaffective
D) histrionic
Answer: b
42) Danielle is a little "different" from other people. She often feels as if deceased
relatives are in the room with her. She believes she possesses a "sixth sense" by which
she can read people's minds and foretell the future. She talks to herself frequently and
often speaks to others in a meandering, vague, although not incoherent manner. She is
often unkempt, believes people are talking about her, and tends to be socially aloof.
She is most likely suffering from ________ personality disorder.
A) schizoid
B) avoidant
C) histrionic
D) schizotypal
Answer: d

43) Schizotypal personality is believed to affect about ________ % of the general

population.
A) 1
B) 3
C) 7
D) 10
Answer: b
44) The eccentricity associated with schizoid personality is ________.

A) limited to a lack of interest in social relationships
B) limited to bizarre ideation regarding one's destiny or importance in life
C) limited to obsessive interest in the bizarre or the occult
D) pervasive, affecting nearly every aspect of the person's life
Answer: a
45) The eccentricity associated with personality is ________.

A) limited to a lack of interest in social relationships
B) limited to bizarre ideation regarding one's destiny or importance in life
C) limited to obsessive interest in the bizarre or the occult
D) pervasive, affecting a wide range of odd behaviours, beliefs, and perceptions
Answer: d
46) Each of the following is true of people with personality disorder EXCEPT ________.
A) they may develop ideas of reference
B) they may feel the presence of deceased family members in the room and not
realize that the person is not really there
C) they may attach unusual meanings to words, and their own speech may be
vague or unusually abstract
D) they may appear unkempt and display unusual mannerisms, such as talking to
themselves in the presence of others
Answer: b
47) Schizotypal personality disorder may actually be a mild form of ________.

A) paranoia
B) major affective disorder
C) schizophrenia

D) an adjustment disorder
Answer: c
48) ________ people diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder go on to develop

schizophrenia.
A) Relatively few
B) About half
C) A great majority
D) Virtually all
Answer: a
49) People with personality disorders listed in cluster ________ of the DSM-IV tend to
engage in excessive, unpredictable, and self-centred patterns. They have difficulty
forming and maintaining relationships.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: b
50) People with ________ personality disorder persistently disregard the rights and
feelings of others and feel little or no remorse for their actions.
A) paranoid
B) borderline
C) narcissistic
D) antisocial
Answer: d
51) To people who know her casually, Lynette is very charming. But underneath her
superficial charm is a monster. She is impulsive, self-centred, insensitive to others,
and irresponsible; has little anxiety; and feels no guilt or remorse when she hurts
someone else. She blames others for her problems and rarely learns from her
mistakes. She sees others as tools to be used to meet her own needs. While she can
appear to be the nicest person in the world, if you get in her way—watch out! Mary is
most likely suffering from ________ personality disorder.
A) paranoid
B) narcissistic
C) sadistic

D) antisocial
Answer: d
52) A cardinal feature of ________ personality disorder is lack of remorse.

A) antisocial
B) borderline
C) narcissistic
D) paranoid
Answer: a
53) Men are ________ likely than women to have antisocial personality disorder.
A) less
B) just as
C) almost as
D) more
Answer: d
54) People with _________ personality disorder display low levels of anxiety in
threatening situations.
A) paranoid
B) schizoid
C) schizotypal
D) antisocial
Answer: d
55) The prevalence of antisocial personality disorder in Canada has been ________ for
men and ________ for women.
A) declining; declining
B) rising; declining
C) declining; rising
D) rising; rising
Answer: d
56) To receive a diagnosis of “antisocial personality disorder,” a person must be at least

________ years of age.
A) 12

B) 15
C) 18
D) 21
Answer: c
57) Children who exhibit antisocial behaviour patterns are said to be suffering from
________ disorder.
A) psychopathic
B) conduct
C) attention-deficit
D) maturity
Answer: b
58) The terms psychopath and sociopath once referred to individuals diagnosed with
A) sadistic
B) paranoid
C) antisocial
D) schizotypal
Answer: c
59) The PCL-R is used to measure interpersonal and affective traits, such as ________.
A) callousness, selfishness, and the remorseless use of others
B) anxiety and depression
C) paranoia, social isolation, and persistent suspiciousness of others
D) delusional thinking
Answer: a
60) Paul Bernardo is a classic example of a person with ________ personality disorder.
A) narcissistic
B) paranoid
C) antisocial
D) schizotypal
Answer: c

61) Researchers now believe psychopathic personality is composed of ________

somewhat independent dimensions.
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
Answer: a
62) The diagnostic features of antisocial personality disorder require evidence of a

conduct disorder prior to age __________.
A) 21
B) 18
C) 16
D) 15
Answer: d
63) About ________ % of prison inmates could be diagnosed with antisocial personality
disorder.
A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 100
Answer: b
64) Psychopathic personality is composed of _________ factors.

A) social and personality
B) personality and behaviour
C) social and behaviour
D) social and cognition
Answer: b
65) In Canada, males are __________ times more likely than females to be diagnosed
with antisocial personality disorder.
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Answer: a
66) Which of the following is NOT one of the psychophysiological or biological factors
associated with antisocial personality and psychopathy?
A) lack of emotional responsiveness
B) lack of restraint or impulsivity
C) a need for a low level of stimulation
D) limbic abnormalities
Answer: c
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 223-224 Skill: Factual
67) Laboratory experiments provide evidence that people with antisocial personalities
experienced little anxiety in anticipation of impending ______.
A) emotions
B) incarceration
C) pain
D) ECT
Answer: c
68) Which of the following is NOT a biological factor associated with the possible cause
of antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy?
A) lack of emotional responsiveness
B) craving for stimulation
C) overactive prefrontal cortexes
D) limbic system abnormalities
Answer: c
Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 223-224 Skill: Factual
69) The level of arousal associated with peak performance and maximum feelings of
well-being is referred to as _________ level of arousal.
A) baseline
B) optimal
C) exaggerated
D) heightened
Answer: b
70) People with borderline personality disorder tend to see others as _________.
A) threatening
B) mirror images of themselves

C) all good or all bad

D) a target for seduction
Answer: c
71) Instability in self-image, relationships, and mood and a lack of control are the
hallmark features of ________ personality disorder.
A) schizoid
B) schizotypal
C) antisocial
D) borderline
Answer: d
72) Marilyn Monroe and Lawrence of Arabia are two people with personality
characteristics similar to those of ________ personality disorder.
A) avoidant
B) dependent
C) borderline
D) narcissistic
Answer: c
73) Marcella is uncertain about her goals, values, loyalties, career, and friends.
Sometimes she is not even certain if she is heterosexual or lesbian. She feels bored
and empty and is terrified of being alone. She clings desperately to her friends
because of her fear of abandonment. However, her clinging behaviour and her
oversensitivity to any sign of rejection often push away those friends. Marcella is
A) avoidant
B) borderline
C) histrionic
D) dependent
Answer: b
74) Borderline personality disorder is estimated to occur in about ________ % of the

population.
A) 0.5
B) 2
C) 5
D) 10

Answer: b
75) About ________ % of people diagnosed with borderline personality are women.
A) 35
B) 50
C) 75
D) 95
Answer: c
76) The term “borderline personality” was originally used to refer to individuals whose
behaviour appeared to be on the border between ________.
A) introverted and extroverted
B) heterosexual and homosexual
C) passive and aggressive
D) neurotic and psychotic
Answer: d
77) Borderline personality disorder appears to be closest in its dynamics to ________

disorders.
A) mood
B) adjustment
C) anxiety
D) dissociative
Answer: a
78) Instability of moods is a central characteristic of ________ personality disorder.

A) dependent
B) paranoid
C) borderline
Answer: c
79) Researchers have noted an association between _________ and later development of
borderline personality disorder.
A) alcohol abuse
B) conduct disorder

C) attention-deficit disorder
D) childhood sexual abuse
Answer: d
80) Persons with borderline personality disorder may exhibit __________ as an

expression of anger or a means of manipulating others.
A) self-mutilation
B) passive-aggressiveness
C) promiscuity
D) violent acts
Answer: a
Page Ref: 226
81) According to the psychodynamic perspective, borderline personalities ________.

A) cannot synthesize positive and negative aspects of personality into an
integrated whole
B) are fixated in the anal stage of development
C) cannot accept the mortality of their physical body and periodically lash out in
rebellion against eventual death
D) develop elaborate fantasy worlds as a defence against responsibilities they feel
ill-equipped to handle
Answer: a
82) People who show excessive emotionality; who have excessive needs for praise,
reassurance, and approval; and who constantly need to be the centre of attention are
A) dependent
B) histrionic
C) borderline
D) narcissistic
Answer: b
83) Marc is a born actor. He is always the centre of attention. He is highly dramatic,
overemotional, self-centred, spoiled, and inconsiderate of his friends. While he can
appear charming, and is often flirtatious and seductive, he has no deep feelings
toward anyone and has never had a truly intimate relationship. He has poor self-
esteem and tries to impress others as a means of improving his own self-worth. He is
A) histrionic

B) dependent
C) narcissistic
D) antisocial
Answer: a
84) The central feature of ________ personality disorder is a constant need for “hogging
centre stage” and getting others to pay attention to them.
A) histrionic
B) dependent
C) narcissistic
D) borderline
Answer: a
85) Females may be more likely than males to be diagnosed with ________ personality
disorder, though some studies suggest that the actual rates of occurrence may be
similar.
A) antisocial
B) paranoid
C) narcissistic
D) histrionic
Answer: d
86) People with conversion disorder are ________.

A) equally unlikely to show features of histrionic or dependent personality
disorder
B) more likely to show features of histrionic personality disorder than dependent
personality disorder
C) more likely to show features of dependent personality disorder than histrionic
personality disorder
D) very likely to show features of both dependent and histrionic personality
disorders
Answer: c
87) Rapid alterations between adulation and outrage would be interpreted by a

psychoanalyst as __________.
A) splitting
B) polarization
C) ego defence

D) ego suppression
Answer: a
88) At a therapy session, Naomi told her therapist she was the best therapist in the whole
world and that only she could ever help her. At her next session, Naomi accused her
therapist of being inadequate, uncaring, and only in practice to make money using
sick people. Naomi is showing symptoms of __________ personality disorder.
A) narcissistic
B) paranoid
C) histrionic
D) borderline
Answer: d
89) Alan puts on a front of being very flirtatious and seductive, and he typically draws
attention to himself by dressing in an overly “macho” manner. He hopes to someday
be a male model or an actor, but he is plagued by inner doubts and insecurities about
himself, despite his successful image, and he constantly feels the need to impress
others to boost his own ego and self-image. His behaviour is typical of someone with
A) narcissistic
B) histrionic
C) borderline
D) schizotypal
Answer: b
90) The central feature of ________ personality disorder is an overblown sense of

oneself.
A) dependent
B) histrionic
C) narcissistic
D) borderline
Answer: c
91) Gisele loves to brag about her accomplishments. While she is not overly dramatic or
flirtatious, she enjoys being the centre of attention. She is self-absorbed and lacks
empathy for others. She is successful in her career and very proud of her
accomplishments. Gisele just wishes that others would show more appreciation of

how wonderful she is. She is preoccupied with fantasies of future success, power, and
recognition. Gisele is most likely suffering from ________ personality disorder.
A) antisocial
B) histrionic
C) narcissistic
D) borderline
Answer: c
92) Which of the following is NOT true of narcissistic personalities?

A) They are virtually invulnerable to criticism.
B) They are often driven by insatiable ambition.
C) They are often superficially charming and friendly, but they see people as
pawns who can serve their interests.
D) They seek and surround themselves with flatterers who lavish them with
unconditional praise.
Answer: a
93) People with histrionic personality disorder share certain features with ___________
A) schizoid
B) antisocial
C) narcissistic
D) borderline
Answer: c
94) Rocco is very self-absorbed and likes to brag about his accomplishments. He likes to
be the centre of attention and lacks empathy. Rocco likely has _________ personality
disorder.
A) histrionic
B) antisocial
C) borderline
D) narcissistic
Answer: d
95) People with personality disorders from DSM-IV cluster ________ share the common
component of fear or anxiety in their behaviour patterns.
A) A
B) B

C) C
D) D
Answer: c
96) Interpersonal relationships are invariably strained by the demands that people with
narcissistic personality disorder impose on others and by their lack of _______ with
and concern for other people.
A) working
B) identification
C) cooperation
D) empathy
Answer: d
97) People who are so terrified of criticism or rejection that they are generally unwilling
to enter relationships are suffering from ________ personality disorder.
A) schizoid
B) paranoid
C) antisocial
D) avoidant
Answer: d
98) Hansa wants to be involved with people. In fact, she truly loves people and has strong
needs for affection and acceptance. But her fears of rejection and public
embarrassment prevent her from reaching out to those around her. Instead, she sticks
to her routine and refuses to take any risks or try anything new. Hansa is most likely
suffering from ________ personality disorder.
A) dependent
B) avoidant
C) paranoid
D) histrionic
Answer: b
99) Avoidant personality disorder is ________ as common in men as in women.

A) one-quarter
B) one-half
C) just
D) twice

Answer: c
100) There is a good deal of overlap between generalized social phobia and ________
A) schizoid
B) dependent
C) antisocial
D) avoidant
Answer: d
101) There is a good deal of overlap between avoidant personality disorder and
________.
A) posttraumatic stress disorder
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) generalized social phobia
D) antisocial personality
Answer: c
102) People who are overly reliant on others to give them advice or make decisions for
them are suffering from ________ personality disorder.
A) dependent
B) avoidant
C) schizotypal
D) histrionic
Answer: a
103) Melissa is a thoughtful and considerate person but has a difficult time making
decisions on her own. She relies on her one best friend, someone she has known
since childhood, to give her advice on virtually every decision she makes.
Sometimes Melissa even asks the friend to make the decision for her. At work, she
holds a position far below her potential and has refused several promotion
opportunities. She is most likely suffering from ________ personality disorder.
A) dependent
B) avoidant
C) schizotypal
D) histrionic
Answer: a

104) Dependent personality disorder has been linked to each of the following disorders
EXCEPT ________.
A) major depression
B) bipolar disorder
C) social phobia
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder
Answer: d
105) There appears to be a link between dependent personality disorder and what
psychodynamic theorists would label ________ behaviour problems.
A) phallic
B) anal
C) oral
D) genital
Answer: c
106) Each of the following is true of people suffering from dependent personality
disorder EXCEPT ________.
A) it is diagnosed more frequently in women than in men
B) it is linked to problems with what psychodynamic theorists call “anal”
behaviours
C) it is linked to such physiological problems as hypertension, cancer, ulcers, and
colitis
D) dependent personalities often attribute their problems to physical, rather than
emotional, causes and seek advice from medical experts
Answer: b
107) The defining features of ________ personality disorder are traits such as
perfectionism, rigidity, being overly meticulous, and having difficulties coping with
ambiguity.
A) histrionic
B) paranoid
C) obsessive-compulsive
D) avoidant
Answer: c

108) Matt is a perfectionist. He is so preoccupied with perfection that he almost never

gets things done on time. He procrastinates and focuses so closely on trivial details
that he often fails to see how the details fit into the bigger picture. Socially, he rarely
goes out because he is too busy working. He often won't make choices because he
fears making the wrong choice. Matt's life is dominated by rigid expectations and
goals. Matt is suffering from ________ personality disorder.
A) schizotypal
B) avoidant
C) obsessive-compulsive
D) histrionic
Answer: c
109) About ________ % of people in community samples are diagnosed with obsessive-
compulsive personality disorder.
A) 1
B) 5
C) 8
D) 12
Answer: a
110) Dependent personality disorder has been linked to such physical problems as
__________.
A) cancer
B) Alzheimer’s disease
C) lupus
D) osteoporosis
Answer: a
111) Dependent personality disorder has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT
__________.
A) smoking
B) eating disorders
C) alcoholism
D) self-injury
Answer: d

112) The diagnosis of women with dependent personality disorder is controversial. It

may be due to a sense of blaming the victim, and __________ issues can explain
this.
A) socialization
B) women’s rights
C) family
D) personality
Answer: a
113) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is ________ as common in men as in

women.
A) one-quarter
B) one-half
C) just
D) twice
Answer: d
114) Which of the following is NOT a problem with the current system for the
classification of personality disorders?
A) There remain nagging questions about the reliability and validity of the
diagnoses of personality disorders.
B) There is not enough overlap among the various categories of personality
disorders.
C) The present classification system blurs the distinction between normal and
abnormal variations in personality.
D) Some of the categories of personality disorders may have underlying sexist
biases.
Answer: b
115) Bastin went on vacation with his family. He found it necessary to schedule each day
with activities and even made a list for everyone to use. He resented eating in
restaurants, claiming that they could save money by eating meals in their motel
rooms. While away, all Bastin could think about was what he should be doing back
at work. Bastin likely has ___________ disorder.
A) dependent personality
B) obsessive-compulsive
C) histrionic personality
D) obsessive-compulsive personality
Answer: d

116) People with obsessive-compulsive disorder are preoccupied with _________.

A) themselves
B) their emotions
C) impulsive thinking
D) perfection
Answer: d
117) Some commentators of the DSM system believe there is a high degree of
__________ among the personality disorders.
A) variance
B) predictability
C) inconsistency
D) overlap
Answer: d
118) There are personality disorders for ________.

A) neither stereotypically masculine nor stereotypically feminine behaviour
B) stereotypically masculine but not stereotypically feminine behaviour
C) stereotypically feminine but not stereotypically masculine behaviour
D) both stereotypically masculine and stereotypically feminine behaviour
Answer: c
119) The concept of ________ personality seems to be a caricature of the traditional

stereotype of the feminine personality.
A) narcissistic
B) dependent
C) borderline
D) histrionic
Answer: d
120) The DSM-5 reduces the number of personality disorders from __________.
A) 10 to 6
B) 10 to 8
C) 12 to 6
D) 12 to 8

Answer: a
121) Livesley has suggested that the definition of personality disorder should also include
measureable dysfunction in all of the following domains EXCEPT _________.
A) self system
B) societal relationships
C) interpersonal relationships
D) family system
Answer: d
Page Ref: 235
122) Women are at greater risk of receiving a diagnosis of __________ personality

disorder, and men are at greater risk of receiving a diagnosis of _________
A) histrionic; antisocial
B) histrionic; dependent
C) dependent; narcissistic
D) narcissistic; antisocial
Answer: a
123) In one study, psychologists, social workers, and psychiatrists displayed gender bias
when it came to diagnosing __________ personality disorder.
A) histrionic
B) borderline
C) schizoid
D) narcissistic
Answer: b
124) Each of the following statements is true EXCEPT ________.

A) personality disorders are convenient labels for identifying common patterns of
ineffective and ultimately self-defeating behaviour
B) the labels used to identify personality disorders have been useful in helping to
explain their causes
C) clinicians appear to have a gender bias in diagnosing some personality
disorders
D) many of the traits used to describe personality disorders are commonly found
in normal people
Answer: b

125) Freud believed that most personality disorders have their roots in the ________.
A) collective unconscious
B) Oedipus complex
C) anal stage of development
D) development of the id
Answer: b
126) Freud believed that most personality disorders have their roots in ________.
A) poor toilet training
B) oral fixations
C) failure of the ego to develop properly
D) failure to resolve the Oedipus/Electra complex
Answer: d
127) According to Freud, proper resolution of the Oedipus complex is represented by the
development of the ________.
A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) persona
Answer: c
128) According to Freud, many factors may interfere with appropriate identification with
a parent's moral reasoning, such as having a weak or absent _____.
A) superego
B) sibling
C) father
D) set of morals
Answer: c
129) Recent (post-Freudian) psychodynamic theories have focused on the age period of
________ as the time period when most personality disorders begin.
A) birth to 18 months
B) 18 months to 3 years
C) 3 to 5 years
D) 5 to 9 years

Answer: b
130) Recent advances in psychodynamic theory focus on the development of ________.

A) the superego
B) the id
C) the collective unconscious
D) the sense of self
Answer: d
131) Heinz Kohut's views on the development of personality are labelled ________
psychology.
A) personal
B) self
C) individual
D) client-centred
Answer: b
132) According to Kohut, childhood narcissism ________.

A) is normal and sets the stage for healthy development when combined with
parental empathy
B) is normal and sets the stage for healthy development when confronted with
strict discipline from parents
C) is pathological and must be dealt with early and forcefully
D) is pathological if it involves the belief that “the world revolves around me”
Answer: a
133) According to Kohut, lack of ________ may set the stage for pathological narcissism
in adulthood.
A) a structured environment
B) consistent discipline during toilet training
C) parental empathy and support
D) idealistic parental behaviour
Answer: c
134) According to Kohut, lack of parental empathy and support may set the stage for
pathological ________ in adulthood.
A) paranoia

B) insecurity
C) compulsiveness
D) narcissism
Answer: d
135) Albert suffers from narcissistic personality disorder. His therapist says that his
problem is due to a lack of parental empathy and support for his normal childhood
narcissism. This conceptualization of Albert's problem is most like that of
________.
A) Kohut
B) Kernberg
C) Mahler
D) Millon
Answer: a
136) The idea that borderline personality disorder stems from a pre-Oedipal failure to
develop a sense of constancy and unity in one's image of the self and others was
proposed by ________.
A) Kohut
B) Kernberg
C) Mahler
D) Millon
Answer: b
137) The concept “splitting” is central to ________ psychodynamic theory of borderline

personality.
A) Kohut’s
B) Kernberg’s
C) Mahler’s
D) Millon’s
Answer: b
138) Kernberg used the concept of “splitting” to explain ________ personality disorder.
A) dependent
B) avoidant
C) histrionic
D) borderline

Answer: d
139) According to Kernberg, children who fail to synthesize contradictory images of

good and bad in themselves and others are likely to have tendencies toward
________.
A) reactivity
B) splitting
C) individuation
D) schizotypal traits
Answer: b
140) Brent suffers from borderline personality disorder. His therapist says that his
problems are due to a failure to develop a consistent self-image and splitting. This
conceptualization of Brent's problem is most like that of ________.
A) Kohut
B) Kernberg
C) Mahler
D) Millon
Answer: b
141) According to Mahler, infants develop a(n) ________ attachment to their mothers.
A) reciprocal
B) ego syntonic
C) symbiotic
D) ego dystonic
Answer: c
142) A state of “oneness” in which a child's identity is fused with that of the mother is
called ________.
A) symbiosis
B) synthesis
C) identity diffusion
D) reciprocation
Answer: a
143) The concept of separation-individuation was developed by ________.

A) Kohut

B) Kernberg
C) Mahler
D) Millon
Answer: c
144) Mahler used the concept of separation-individuation to explain ________

A) dependent
B) avoidant
C) histrionic
D) borderline
Answer: d
145) Dominic suffers from borderline personality disorder. His therapist tells him that his
problem stems from a failure of separation-individuation while he was growing up.
His therapist's conceptualization of the problem is most like that of ________.
A) Kohut
B) Kernberg
C) Mahler
D) Millon
Answer: c
146) Marcel suffers from dependent personality disorder. If learning theorists are correct,
his problem arises from ________ when he was a child.
A) too much parental attention and reinforcement attached to his physical
appearance
B) excessive parental control and discipline
C) lack of reward or encouragement for exploratory behaviour
D) sibling rivalry combined with attention-seeking, emotional parents
Answer: c
147) Stephen suffers from obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. If learning

theorists are correct, his problem arises from ________ when he was a child.
A) too much parental attention and reinforcement attached to his physical
appearance
D) sibling rivalry combined with attention-seeking, emotional parents

Answer: b
148) Jean-Pierre suffers from histrionic personality disorder. If learning theorists are
correct, his problem arises from ________ when he was a child.
A) consistently attentive parents
D) sibling rivalry combined with attention-seeking
Answer: d
149) Tyler suffers from antisocial personality disorder. If social-cognitive theorists are
correct, his problem arises from ________ when he was a child.
A) a complete lack of discipline and punishment
D) lack of consistency and predictability in his learning experiences
Answer: d
150) Researchers have found that people with borderline personality disorder remember
their parents as significantly more ________.
A) affectionate and smothering
B) controlling and less caring
C) permissive and inconsistent
D) confused and inconsistent
Answer: b
151) When borderline personalities recall their earliest memories, they are more likely to
paint significant others as ________.
A) evil
B) affectionate
C) distant
D) strict
Answer: a
152) Recent research has uncovered a link between borderline personality disorder and
________.

A) a family history of schizophrenia

B) being adopted at or near birth
C) childhood trauma
D) social rejection in adolescence
Answer: c
153) Family factors such as ________ have been implicated in the development of
dependent personality disorder.
A) a weak or absent parent
B) lack of emotional bonding between parents and children
C) overprotectiveness
D) permissiveness
Answer: c
154) Family factors such as ________ have been implicated in the development of
dependent personality disorder.
A) a weak or absent parent
B) lack of emotional bonding between parents and children
C) authoritarianism
D) permissiveness
Answer: c
155) The McCords have conducted research relating early childhood ________ and
subsequent delinquency.
A) fear experiences
B) parental rejection
C) failure experiences
D) sexual experiences
Answer: b
156) According to the family perspective, the key factor in the development of antisocial
personality is ________.
A) parental rejection, parental neglect, and failure of the parents to love the child
B) extreme strictness in parental rules of conduct combined with unduly harsh
punishments
C) parental overprotectiveness and “smothering,” leading to rejection of parental
values by the child

D) spoiling the child and excessive permissiveness by the parents in their

enforcement of conduct rules
Answer: a
157) Antisocial adolescents tend to erroneously interpret other people's behaviour as

________.
A) vulnerable
B) uncaring
C) threatening
D) selfish
Answer: c
158) Social-cognitive theorist Albert Bandura has studied the role of _____________ in
aggressive behaviour.
A) operant learning
B) observational learning
C) serotonin
D) Oedipal complexes
Answer: b
159) Cognitive therapists have used problem-solving therapy to treat adolescents with
________ tendencies.
A) narcissistic
B) antisocial
C) borderline
D) schizoid
Answer: b
160) ________ therapists have used problem-solving therapy to treat adolescents with
antisocial tendencies.
A) Psychodynamic
B) Family
C) Learning
D) Cognitive
Answer: d

161) Recent studies using fMRI have also provided evidence for ________ differences in
personality traits.
A) cognitive
B) neurological
C) psychodynamic
D) familial
Answer: b
162) Which of the following personality disorders appears to run in families?

A) schizoid
B) paranoid
C) schizotypal
D) dependent
Answer: c

A) narcissistic
B) antisocial
C) histrionic
D) avoidant
Answer: b

A) obsessive-compulsive
B) borderline
C) histrionic
D) avoidant
Answer: b
165) A recent study of identical twins from the normal population indicated that
________ was the most heritable of the 18 dimensions studied.
A) submissiveness
B) conduct disorders
C) identification
D) narcissism
Answer: d

166) Which of the following people is MOST likely to become a criminal?

A) a person whose biological and adoptive fathers were not criminals
B) a person whose biological father was a criminal, but whose adoptive father was
not
C) a person whose adoptive father was a criminal, but whose biological father was
not
D) a person whose biological and adoptive fathers were not criminals, but whose
adoptive parents divorced during adolescence
Answer: b
167) Jang and his colleagues at University of British Columbia argue that people do not
just passively respond to nor are merely shaped by their environment, but that
____________ plays a role in the kinds of environments that will be actively sought
out.
A) genetics
B) personality
C) personal history
D) imitation
Answer: b
168) Which of the following people is MOST likely to become a criminal?

A) a person whose biological and adoptive fathers were not criminals
B) a person whose biological father was a criminal, but whose adoptive father was
not
C) a person whose adoptive father was a criminal, but whose biological father was
not
D) a person whose biological and adoptive fathers were both criminals
Answer: d
169) A Danish study found a ___________ times greater incidence of psychopathy

among the biological relatives of antisocial adoptees than among the adoptive
relatives.
A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 30
Answer: b

170) The neuroscience theory of personality can be traced back to physiologist _______,
who introduced the concept of nervous system excitation.
A) Freud
B) Hare
C) Pavlov
D) James
Answer: c
171) Jeffrey Gray has woven the theories of Pavlov and Eysenck into what is now known
as reinforcement _______ theory (RST).
A) sensitivity
B) satiation
C) salience
D) semblance
Answer: a
172) From the sociocultural perspective, “treatment” of antisocial personality disorder

focuses on ________.
A) reshaping reward contingencies for more socially acceptable behaviours
B) redressing social injustices and ameliorating deprivation
C) raising self-esteem by making the person more aware of his or her authentic
feelings
D) giving the individual insight into the nature of his or her aggressive behaviours
and selfish needs
Answer: b
173) The behavioural approach system (BAS) __________.

A) anticipates rewards and acts to seek out pleasure
B) is tied to defensive escape and avoidance
C) is sensitive to potential conflicts
D) is a fear response to punishing stimuli
Answer: a
Diff: Type: MC Page Ref: 243 Skill: Factual
174) The fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS) __________.

A) anticipates rewards
B) acts to seek out pleasure
C) is sensitive to potential conflicts

D) is a fear response to punishing stimuli
Answer: d
Diff: 3 Type: MC Skill: Factual
175) The behavioural inhibition system (BIS) __________.

A) is sensitive to potential conflicts
B) acts to avoid pain
C) anticipates rewards
D) is tied to defensive escape and avoidance
Answer: a
Diff: 3 Type: MC Skill: Factual
176) The International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) found __________

personality disorder to be the most frequently diagnosed in various countries.
A) borderline and avoidant
B) antisocial and histrionic
C) borderline and antisocial
D) antisocial and avoidant
Answer: a
177) Which of the following statements about people with personality disorders is NOT
true?
A) they condemn others for their problems
B) they desperately feel they need to change
C) they often fail to cooperate in therapy
D) they do not seek help on their own
Answer: b
178) Therapists often find people with __________ personality disorder difficult to treat,
exhausting, and frustrating.
A) dependent
B) histrionic
C) antisocial
D) borderline
Answer: d

179) A therapist helps her client look for the roots of his self-defeating behaviour patterns
and develop more adaptive methods of relating to others. This therapist is probably
a ________ therapist.
A) psychodynamic
B) behavioural
C) cognitive
D) humanistic
Answer: a
180) A therapist attempts to replace her client's maladaptive behaviours with adaptive
behaviours through techniques such as role-playing and modelling. This therapist is
probably a ________ therapist.
A) psychodynamic
B) behavioural
C) cognitive
D) humanistic
Answer: b
181) A therapeutic technique that combines behaviour therapy and supportive

psychotherapy for the treatment of borderline personality disorder is ________.
A) self psychology
B) Gestalt psychology
C) attachment therapy
D) dialectical behaviour therapy
Answer: d
182) ________ technique, called dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), combines

behaviour therapy and supportive psychotherapy.
A) Paris's
B) Beth's
C) Beck's
D) Linehan's
Answer: d
183) A study indicates that ________ can reduce aggressive behaviour and irritability in
impulsive and aggressive individuals with personality disorders.
A) Ritalin
B) Prozac

C) marijuana
D) lithium
Answer: b
184) ________ takes the approach that personality disorders are clusters of traits that can
be viewed as amplifications of normal personality traits.
A) Paris
B) Beck
C) Sutich
D) Linehan
Answer: a
185) Researchers suspect that the impulsive aggressive behaviours typical of some
personality disorders may be related to deficiencies in ________.
A) epinephrine
B) acetylcholine
C) serotonin
D) dopamine
Answer: c
186) Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) involves all of the following EXCEPT
__________.
A) mindfulness techniques
B) emotion regulation strategies
C) distress tolerance
D) social skill training
Answer: d
187) In Canada, comprehensive treatment for persons with personality disorders focuses
on all of the following EXCEPT _________.
A) safety and crisis support
B) control and regulation
C) short admissions to psychiatric hospitals
D) long-term treatment
Answer: d

188) Research has revealed that reading books as a self-help module leads to significant
improvement for people with __________ traits.
A) obsessive-compulsive
B) histrionic
C) borderline
D) avoidant
Answer: a
Diff: Type: MC Page Ref: 247 Skill: Factual
189) Personality disorders are excessively rigid patterns of behaviours or ways of relating
to others.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
Diff: 0 Type: TF Page Ref: 215
190) Warning signs of personality disorders may begin appearing in early childhood.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
191) People with personality disorders tend to perceive their traits as ego dystonic.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
192) People with anxiety disorders tend to perceive their disturbed behaviours as ego
syntonic.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
193) People with ego syntonic behaviour are prone to seek assistance for services.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False

194) People can be diagnosed on both Axis I and Axis II of the DSM-IV.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
195) The DSM-5 does not include histrionic personality disorder.

A) True
B) False
Answer: True
196) The DSM-5 does not included narcissistic personality disorder.

A) True
B) False
Answer: False
197) The DSM-5 includes new, additional classifications of personality disorders.

A) True
B) False
Answer: False
198) Clinicians using the DSM-5 will be asked to rate people on five domains.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
199) Men with schizoid personality disorder are more likely to marry than are women
with the disorder.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
200) Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by paranoid delusions.

A) True

B) False
Answer: False
201) Paranoid personality disorder is diagnosed more often in men than in women.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
202) Social isolation is the cardinal feature of schizoid personality disorder.

A) True
B) False
Answer: True
203) People with schizoid personality disorder rarely, if ever, experience strong anger,
joy, or sadness.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
204) Some people diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder have deeper feelings for
animals than they do for people.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
205) Ideas of reference are unique to paranoid personality disorder.

A) True
B) False
Answer: False
206) There is evidence that schizotypal personality and schizophrenia share a common
genetic basis.
A) True
B) False

Answer: True
207) Most people with schizotypal personality disorder go on to develop schizophrenia or

some other psychotic disorder.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
208) There is evidence that people with antisocial personality disorder have rarely been
punished for their misdeeds.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
209) Antisocial personality disorder has been the personality disorder most studied by
researchers and scholars.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
210) “Psychopath” and “sociopath” refer to antisocial personality disorder.

A) True
B) False
Answer: True
211) People with psychopathic personalities inevitably run afoul of the law.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
212) Some people can intentionally injure others without experiencing feelings of guilt or
remorse.
A) True
B) False

Answer: True
213) The personality traits associated with psychopathology remain the same across the
life span.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
214) The antisocial behaviours of antisocial personality disorder may disappear by the
time a person reaches age 40.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
215) Antisocial personality disorder is more common among people of lower

socioeconomic status.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
216) In Canada, antisocial personality is represented more in racial and ethnic groups.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
217) Antisocial personalities may commit the same misdeeds repeatedly, despite a history
of punishment.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
218) Psychopaths who scored high on the PCL-R had the highest rates of both recidivism
(80%) and violent recidivism (25%).
A) True

B) False
Answer: True
219) People with antisocial personality disorder show great anxiety in threatening
situations.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
220) Psychopathic individuals appear to have exaggerated cravings for stimulation.

A) True
B) False
Answer: True
221) The emotional irregularities found in psychopathic offenders may be tied to

diminished input from brain structure within the frontal-temporal lobes.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
222) Many notable figures in history, from Lawrence of Arabia to Adolf Hitler, and even
Marilyn Monroe, have been depicted as borderline personalities.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
223) People with borderline personality disorder prefer to be alone.

A) True
B) False
Answer: False
224) People with borderline personalities usually make good psychotherapy clients and
tend to have high “cure” rates.
A) True

B) False
Answer: False
225) Suicidal thinking is a characteristic of borderline personality disorder.

A) True
B) False
Answer: True
226) Persons with borderline personality disorder tend to come from enmeshed and
clinging families.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
227) People with borderline personalities shift back and forth between viewing people as
all good or all bad, rather than as partly good and partly bad.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
228) Histrionic personality disorder is diagnosed more frequently in men than in women.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
229) People with histrionic personality disorder are often attracted to such professions as
modelling or acting.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
230) People diagnosed with narcissistic personality are most likely to be women.
A) True
B) False

Answer: False
231) A certain amount of narcissism can represent a healthy adjustment to insecurity.

A) True
B) False
Answer: True
232) Many people with BPD also meet criteria for other personality disorders.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
233) People with narcissistic personalities seek the company of flatterers.

A) True
B) False
Answer: True
234) People with BPD rarely do impulsive acts of self-mutilation.

A) True
B) False
Answer: False
235) About 1 in 10 BPD patients commits suicide.

A) True
B) False
Answer: True
236) People with narcissistic personalities tend to be preoccupied with fantasies of

success and power, ideal love, or recognition for brilliance or beauty.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True

237) Avoidant personality disorder is more common in men than in women.

A) True
B) False
Answer: False
238) Unlike people with schizoid personalities, people with avoidant personalities have
little or no interest in or feelings of warmth toward other people.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
239) People with avoidant personalities tend to avoid only specific situations that make
them anxious, such as public speaking or large parties.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
240) Avoidant personality disorder may represent a milder form of social phobia.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
241) Dependent personality is diagnosed more frequently in women than in men.

A) True
B) False
Answer: True
242) Some people with dependent personality disorder have such difficulty making
independent decisions that they allow their parents to decide who they will or will
not marry.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True

243) People with dependent personalities often attribute their problems to emotional
rather than physical problems.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
244) Persons with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are pre-occupied with

perfection.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
245) There is a high degree of overlap among the personality disorders.

A) True
B) False
Answer: True
246) The reliability and validity of the definitions used in the DSM-IV is well
established.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
247) Many personality disorders appear to share common traits.

A) True
B) False
Answer: True
248) The tendency to exaggerate your own importance usually means that you are
narcissistic.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False

249) It is often difficult to draw the line between normal variations in behaviour and
personality disorders.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
250) The conceptualization of certain types of personality disorders may be sexist.

A) True
B) False
Answer: True
251) Livesley, a leading expert on personality disorders, questions the assumption that
personality disorders are discriminable from clinical syndromes, such as anxiety or
depressive disorders.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
252) Men are at greater risk of receiving a diagnosis of histrionic personality disorder.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
253) Kohut focused his attention on the development of borderline personality disorder
when he developed the concept of self-psychology.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
254) Heinz Kohut focused much of his attention on the development of the narcissistic
personality.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True

255) Kohut believed that people with narcissistic personalities may mount a facade of
self-importance to cover up deep feelings of inadequacy.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
256) Kernberg views borderline personality in terms of a pre-Oedipal failure to develop a

sense of constancy.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
257) Margaret Mahler believed that during the first year, an infant develops a symbiotic
attachment to its father.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
258) Learning theorists tend to focus more on the acquisition of behaviours than on the
notion of enduring personality traits.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
259) Behaviour therapists emphasize the role of reinforcement in explaining the origins
of antisocial behaviour.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
260) Family factors are implicated in nearly all cases of antisocial personality disorder.
A) True
B) False

Answer: False
261) As in the case of borderline personality disorder, researchers find that childhood
abuse or neglect is a risk factor in the development of antisocial personality disorder
in adulthood.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
262) Recent studies using fMRI technology have provided evidence for neurological
differences in personality traits.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
263) There is strong direct evidence for the genetic transmission of personality disorders.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
264) Adoption studies suggest that there may be a genetic predisposition toward criminal
behaviour.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
265) The central nervous systems of people with antisocial personality disorder appear to
be underresponsive to stressful stimuli.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
266) Jeffrey Gray has woven the theories of Pavlov and Eysenck into what is now known
as resistance sensitivity theory (RST)
A) True

B) False
Answer: False
267) People with antisocial personality tend to remain unduly calm in the face of
impending pain.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
268) Antisocial personality disorder is most common among members of the upper class.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
269) People with personality disorders believe they need to change and are, in fact, very
motivated.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
270) People with personality disorders usually do not seek help on their own.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
271) Therapists often find people with borderline personality disorder difficult to treat.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
272) Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) has been found to help those with antisocial
A) True
B) False

Answer: False
273) Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for personality disorders.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
274) Research has revealed that self-help books can decrease perfectionism in individuals
coping with obsessive traits.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True
275) Research has indicated that, when treating people with personality disorders, single
modalities work better than systemic approaches.
A) True
B) False
Answer: False
276) Define personality disorder, and discuss controversies in diagnosing personality

disorders.
Diff: 0 Type: ES Page Ref: 215-244
277) Describe the features of paranoid personality disorder.
278) Describe the features of schizoid personality disorder.
279) Describe the features of schizotypal personality disorder.
280) Compare and contrast schizoid and schizotypal personality disorders.

281) Describe the profile of people diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.
282) Compare and contrast the profiles of antisocial personality disorder and
psychopathic personality.
283) Describe the psychophysiological and biological factors associated with antisocial
personality and psychopathology.
284) Describe the features of antisocial personality disorder.
285) Describe the features of borderline personality disorder.
286) Describe the features of histrionic personality disorder.
287) Describe the features of narcissistic personality disorder.
288) Describe the features of avoidant personality disorder.
289) Describe the features of dependent personality disorder.
290) Describe the features of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
291) Discuss the problems in the classification of personality disorders, including their
reliability and validity, and sexist biases.

292) Discuss the issue of overlap of the personality disorders.
Diff: 0 Type: ES Page Ref: 234
293) Discuss the difficulty in distinguishing between variations in normal behaviour and
abnormal behaviour in reference to the personality disorders.
294) Discuss the psychodynamic perspective on the personality disorders.
295) Discuss the learning perspective on the personality disorders.
296) Discuss the family perspective on the personality disorders.
297) Discuss the cognitive-behavioural perspective on the personality disorders.
298) Discuss the biological perspective on the personality disorders.
299) Discuss the sociocultural perspective on the personality disorders.
300) Discuss special problems in treating personality disorders.
301) Discuss how a therapist would treat someone with a personality disorder using a
psychodynamic approach.

behavioural approach.
biological approach.
304) Discuss how a comprehensive, efficient, and effective system of care would help
treat a person with a personality disorder.

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“A satisfying combination,” said Cheriton. “I trust the presence of my
ward, Miss Perry, does not retard the progress of your artistic
labors?”
“Quite the contrary, I assure you,” said Jim, with excellent politeness.
“I am glad of that,” said Cheriton. “But as you may have already
discovered, Miss Perry has quite the feeling for art.”
“Yes,” said Jim, perhaps conventionally, “I am sure she has.”
“It is a very remarkable case of heredity. You see, my dear Lascelles,
Gainsborough painted her great-grandmamma.”
“So I understand,” said Jim, with great solemnity.
“It is a great pleasure to me, my dear Lascelles, that Miss Perry’s
taste in art is so sure. We go to the National Gallery together, hand-
in-hand as it were, to admire the great Velasquez.”
“He is a sweet,” said Miss Perry.
“And, my dear Lascelles, we profoundly admire the great Rembrandt
also.”
“He is a sweet too,” said Miss Perry.
“And, my dear Lascelles, together we share—Miss Perry and I—a
slight distrust of the permanent merit of Joseph Wright of Derby. The
fact is, Joseph Wright of Derby somehow fails to inspire our
confidence. One can understand Joseph Wright of Sheffield perfectly
well; or even perhaps—mind, I do not say positively—Joseph Wright
of Nottingham; but I put it to you, Lascelles, can one accept Joseph
Wright of Derby as belonging to all time?”
“I agree with you,” said Jim. “Yet was there not once an immortal
born at Burton-on-Trent?”
“I never heard that there was,” said Cheriton, with an air of pained
surprise. “And that is a matter upon which I am hardly open to
conviction. By the way, Lascelles, which of England’s luscious
pastures had the glory of giving birth to your genius?”
As a preliminary measure Jim Lascelles showed Miss Perry his boot.
“I was born,” said Jim, modestly, yet observing that the blue eyes of
Miss Perry were adequately fixed on his boot, “at a little place called
Widdiford, in the north of Devon.”
“Yes, of course,” said Cheriton, graciously; “I ought to have
remembered, as your father and I were at school together. I
remember distinctly that it was the opinion of the fourth form
common room that the finest clotted cream and the finest strawberry
jam in the world came from Widdiford.”
“It is almost as nice at Slocum Magna,” said Miss Perry, in spite of
the covert threat that was still lurking in Jim’s outstretched boot.
“Quite so,” said Cheriton. “Ha, happy halcyon days of youth, when
the cream was really clotted and the strawberries were really ripe!
But I seem to remember that Widdiford is remarkable for something
else.”
Miss Perry was prepared to enlighten Lord Cheriton, but Jim’s boot
rose ferociously.
“Stick paw in Mouth Piece,” Jim whispered truculently, “and merely
think of cream buns.”
“Widdiford,” said Cheriton, “let me see. In what connection have I
heard that charmingly poetic name? Ah, to be sure, I remember—
Widdiford is the place at which they have not quite got the railway,
don’t you know. Miss Araminta, is not that the case?”
“Yes,” said Miss Perry; “but it is only three miles away.”
“And what is the proximity,” said Cheriton, a little dubiously it is to be
feared, “of Widdiford to Slocum Magna?”
“The best part of two miles,” said Jim Lascelles, boldly taking the bull
by the horns. “Quite a coincidence, isn’t it, that we should have lived
at the Red House at Widdiford, and that Miss Perry’s papa should
have lived at the Parsonage, at Slocum Magna? In fact, I seem to
remember Miss Perry or one of her sisters as quite a tot of a girl
sitting as good as pie in the vicarage pew.”
It was here that Jim’s boot did wonders. Miss Perry was simply
besieged by voices from the upper atmosphere beseeching her to
give the whole thing away completely. She refrained, however. Her
respect for Jim’s boot enabled her to continue sitting as good as pie.
That being the case, let us offer this original piece of observation for
what it is worth. Cream buns are remarkably efficient in some
situations, while an uncompromising right boot is equally efficient in
others. To Jim Lascelles belongs the credit of having assimilated
early in life this excellent truth.
Cheriton turned to see what progress Jim Lascelles had made with
his labors.
“Very good progress, Lascelles,” said he. Yet something appeared to
trouble my lord. “Upon my word,” said he, “either my eyesight
betrays me or the color of your girl’s hair is yellow.”
“Is it?” said Jim Lascelles, innocently. “Yes, so it is, as yellow as the
light of the morning.”
“The duchess’s hair is auburn, unmistakably.”
“Why, yes,” said Jim; “but really, don’t you think yellow will be quite
as successful?”
Cheriton gazed at Jim Lascelles in profound astonishment.
“My dear fellow,” said he, “I hope you understand what you are
commissioned to do. You are commissioned to make a precise and
exact copy of Gainsborough’s Duchess of Dorset for Cheriton
House, not to perpetrate a tour de force of your own. Upon my word,
Lascelles, that hair is really too much. And the set of the hat, as far
as one may judge at present, certainly differs from the original. I am
sorry to say so, Lascelles, but really I think in the interests of all
parties it would be well if you started again.”
Jim put his hands in his pockets. Upon his handsome countenance
was a very whimsical if somewhat dubious expression.
“Lord Cheriton,” said he, solemnly, “the truth is, if I could have
afforded to lose a cool hundred pounds, which I don’t mind saying is
more than the whole of what I made last year, I should not have
accepted this commission. As I have accepted it I shall do my best;
and if the results are not satisfactory I shall not look for
remuneration.”
“Well, Lascelles,” said his patron, “that is a straightforward
proposition. I dare say it is this confounded French method of looking
at things that has misled you so hopelessly. ’Pon my word, I never
saw such hair, and Gillet never saw such hair either. It is enough to
make Gainsborough turn in his grave. It is most providential that I
happened to look in. Take a fresh piece of canvas and start again.”
Jim Lascelles laid his head to one side with a continuance of his
whimsical and dubious air. There was no doubt that the yellow was
extremely bold and that the hair of the duchess was auburn.
Yet what of the cause of the mischief? There she sat on the sofa in
her favorite pose, blissfully unconscious of the trouble she had
wrought, for there could be no doubt whatever that her thoughts
were of cream buns. And further, it seemed to Jim Lascelles that
there could be no doubt either that her hair had been painted by the
light of the morning. Cheriton, however, was too much preoccupied
with the duchess to observe that fact.
“My dear Miss Araminta,” said he, “as this is a really fine morning,
and this is really the month of May, let us stroll into the park and
watch young England performing maritime feats on the Serpentine.
And after luncheon, if the weather keeps fine, we will go to the
circus.”
“What fun!” said Miss Perry.
CHAPTER XII
JIM LASCELLES TAKES A DECISIVE STEP
CAROLINE CREWKERNE’S “Wednesdays” had not been so

thronged for many years past. They had been in their heyday twenty
years earlier in the world’s history, when the spacious mansion in Hill
Street was the fount of the most malicious gossip to be obtained in
London. But the passing of the years had bereft Caroline of
something of her vigor and of even more of her savoir faire. She had
grown difficult and rather out of date.
However, it had recently been decreed in the interests of human
nature that Caroline Crewkerne should come into vogue again.
People were to be seen at her “Wednesdays” who had not been
seen there for years.
There was George Betterton for one. And the worldly wise, of
course, were very quick to account for his presence, and to turn it to
pleasure and profit. Cheriton and he were both popular men; and
about the third week in May two to one against George and three to
one against Cheriton were taken and offered.
“Cheriton is the prettier sparrer,” said students of form, “but Gobo, of
course, has the weight.”
“I assure you, my dear,” said a decidedly influential section of the
public, “the creature is a perfect simpleton. I assure you she couldn’t
say ‘Bo!’ to a goose. It is inconceivable that two men as old as they
are and in their position should make themselves so supremely
ridiculous. And both of them old enough to be her father.”
“Caroline Crewkerne is behind it all,” said the philosophical. “Her
hand has lost nothing of its cunning. Really it is odious to aid and
abet them to make such an exhibition of themselves.”
It is regrettable, all the same, to have to state that the exhibition was
enjoyed hugely. And when the Morning Post announced that on a
certain evening the Countess of Crewkerne would give a dance for
Miss Perry, there was some little competition to receive a card.
Cards were liberally dispensed, but when they came to hand many
persons of the quieter and less ostentatious sort found that a little fly
had crept into the ointment. “Fancy dress” was to be seen written at
the top in a style of caligraphy not unworthy of Miss Pinkerton’s
academy for young ladies. Miss Burden had been commanded to do
this at the eleventh hour.
“That man Cheriton is responsible for this,” complained those who
desired neither the expense nor the inconvenience of habiting
themselves in the garb of another age, “because he thinks he looks
well in breeches.”
That may have been partly the reason; but in justice to Cheriton it is
only right to state that, unless he had found a weightier pretext to
advance, Caroline Crewkerne would never have assented to this
somewhat eccentric condition. Indeed, it was only after a heated
argument between them that Cheriton contrived to get his way.
“You must always be flamboyant and theatrical,” grunted Caroline,
“at every opportunity. All the world knows you look well in breeches.”
“I protest, my dear Caroline,” said the mellifluous Cheriton; “it is
merely my desire to put another plume in your helmet. The creature
will look ravishing as Araminta, Duchess of Dorset. Pelissier shall
come this afternoon to copy the picture de haut en bas.”
“It has been copied once already.”
“Ah, no! It supplied an idea or two merely. When you see it in every
detail precisely as Gainsborough saw it, you will observe the
difference.”
“People must be as sick of the picture as I am by this time.”
“Nonsense! They are only just beginning to realize that you’ve got a
picture.”
Let it not be thought an injustice to Cheriton if one other motive is
advanced for his insistence upon a somewhat singular course. When
the cards of invitation had been duly issued he rather let the cat out
of his bag.
“Of course, Caroline, you would be obstinate,” said he, “and have
your own way about that fellow George Betterton, but you know as
well as I do that in any kind of fancy clothes he looks like a boa-
constrictor.”
At first Cheriton professed himself unable to decide whether he
should appear as Charles II. or as John Wesley. In the end, however,
he decided in favor of the former. Miss Burden had not been so
excited for years. The subject filled her thoughts day and night for a
whole week after the momentous decision was taken. She then
submitted one day to his lordship at luncheon a peculiarly difficult
problem.
“Not a problem at all,” said he. “Simplest thing in the world, my dear
lady. There is only one possible person you can go as.”
“I had been thinking of Mary Queen of Scots,” said Miss Burden,
hardly daring to hope that Lord Cheriton would give his sanction.
“Mary Queen of who!” snarled Caroline.
“No, my dear Miss Burden,” said the eminent authority, “the only
possible person you can go as is Katharine of Aragon.”
“Nonsense, Cheriton!” said Caroline. “I shall not permit Burden to
appear in any such character. A Jane Austen spinster will be far
more appropriate and far less expensive.”
“My dear Caroline,” said Cheriton, “how it would help everybody if
you did not insist on airing your views upon matters of art! Do you
wish Miss Burden to forfeit entirely her natural distinction?”
Miss Burden blushed most becomingly at his lordship’s remark.
“I was not aware that she had any,” said the ruthless Caroline.
“Upon my word, Caroline, even I begin to despair of you. I assure
you Miss Burden is quite one of the most distinguished-looking
women of my acquaintance.”
Miss Burden looked almost as startled as a fawn. Cheriton had never
seen her display so much color as when he made her a little bow to
attest his bona fides. It was rather a pity that his smile unconsciously
resembled that of a satyr; not, however, that it really mattered, for
although the ever-observant Caroline duly noted it Miss Burden did
not.
“It is twenty-five minutes past two, Lord Cheriton,” said Miss Perry,
putting a sugar-plum in her mouth, “and you have promised to take
me to the circus.”
“Cheriton,” said the old lady, “I forbid you to do anything of the kind.
To spend three afternoons a week at a circus is outrageous.”
“They are so educational,” said Cheriton. “Develop the mind. Show
how intelligence can be inculcated into the most unlikely things.
Horses good at arithmetic, dogs playing whist, cats indulging in
spiritualism. Very educational indeed. Clown imitating monkey in
lifelike manner. Illustration of the origin of species. One more sugar-
plum, my dear Miss Araminta, and then Marchbanks will summon a
taximeter, if possible, with a tonneau painted pink.”
“Gobo is going to take me to the Horse Show to-morrow,” Miss Perry
announced.
“Who, pray, is Gobo?” Aunt Caroline and Lord Cheriton demanded in
one breath.
“He asked me to call him Gobo,” said Miss Perry, helping herself
calmly to sugar-plums, “and I asked him to call me Goose.”
Cheriton’s countenance was unmistakably a study. The same might
be said of that of Aunt Caroline.
“My dear young lady,” said Cheriton, “this cannot be. One of the
most dangerous men in London. Really, Caroline, you must forbid
that old ruffian the house. As for the Horse Show to-morrow, it is
clearly out of the question.”
“I promised Gobo,” said Miss Perry, “and I don’t like to break a
promise; do you?”
“My dear young lady, you are much too young and inexperienced to
make a promise, let alone to keep one. I speak as I feel sure your
papa would do were he in my place, and as I know I should do were
I in the place of your papa. Your aunt is quite of that opinion; I speak
for her also. You must not call that man Gobo, he must not call you
Goose, and as for the Horse Show, it is out of the question.”
“But everybody calls me Goose,” said Miss Perry, “because I am
rather a silly.”
“Caroline,” said Cheriton, with much gravity, “if you will take the
advice of your oldest friend you will forbid that man the house. My
dear Miss Araminta, let us try to obliterate a very disagreeable
impression by spending a quietly educational afternoon at the
circus.”
When on the morning of the great day of the fancy ball Miss Perry
entered the presence of Jim Lascelles as the faithful embodiment,
down to the minutest particular, of Gainsborough’s masterpiece, that
assiduous young fellow was seized with despair. It took the form of a
gasp.
“Goose Girl,” said he, “I shall have to give up coming here. I paint
you all the morning, I think of you all the afternoon and evening, and
I dream of you all night. You know you have rather knocked a hole in
my little world.”
“There will be ices to-night,” said Miss Perry. “Lord Cheriton almost
thinks pink ices are nicest.”
“Confound Lord Cheriton,” said Jim, with unpardonable bluntness,
“and confound pink ices!”
“I thought I would just put on my new frock,” said Miss Perry, “to see
if you think it is as nice as you think the lilac is.”
“I have no thoughts at all this morning,” said Jim Lascelles, “about
your new frock or about anything else. My mind is a chaos, my
wretched brain goes round and round, and what do you suppose it is
because of?”
“I don’t know,” said Miss Perry.
“It is because of you,” said Jim Lascelles. “Look at that canvas
you’ve ruined. Yellow hair—Gainsborough hat—lilac frock—full-
fledged cream-bun appearance. You will lose me my commission,
which means a cool hundred pounds out of my pocket, and my
mamma has denied herself common necessaries to pay for my
education. Goose Girl,” Jim Lascelles concluded a little hoarsely, “I
am growing afraid of you. You are a sorceress. Something tells me
that you will be my ruin.”
“I wish you had seen Muffin’s mauve,” said Miss Perry, who showed
very little concern for Jim’s ruin.
“I have not the least desire to see Muffin’s mauve,” said Jim
Lascelles. “In fact, I thank the God who looks after poor painters—if
there is such a Deity, which I take leave to doubt—that I have not
seen it. But I intend to ask you this question: What right have you,
Goose Girl, to grow so extravagantly perfect, to get yourself up in
this ravishing and entrancing manner, and then to come to ask a
poor wight of a painting chap, who is daubing away for dear bread
and butter, whether he thinks your new frock is as nice as the lilac
was?”
“Muffin’s mauve——” said Miss Perry.
“Answer me,” said Jim, sternly. “You can’t. You are a sorceress. You
are a weaver of spells. Well, it so happens that I am susceptible to
them. I am going to take a decisive step. Goose Girl, it is my
intention to kiss you.”
Without further preface or ado Jim Lascelles stepped towards Miss
Perry with extended arms and eyes of menace. He hugged her
literally, new frock and all, in the open light of the morning; and
further, he gave her one of the most resounding busses that was
ever heard in that dignified apartment.
“Get rid of that if you are able,” said he, brazenly. “And now sit there,
as good as pie, while I put that new gown upon canvas.”
Miss Perry did as she was told in a manner that rather implied that
she approved decidedly of the whole proceedings.
“Goose Girl,” said Jim, attacking the canvas, “you will either make
me or mar me. Sometimes I feel it might be the former, but more
often I am convinced it will be the latter.”
“Muffin’s mauve cost a lot of money,” said Miss Perry.
“Paws down,” said Jim. “The question now for gods and men is, can
that hair and that frock live together?”
Jim took up a little looking-glass and turned his back upon the
canvas. He sighed with relief.
“Yes, they can by a miracle,” said he. “And yet they out-Gillet Gillet.”
“What will you be to-night, Jim?” asked Miss Perry.
“Achilles, sulking in my tent.”
“Where will you put your tent?” said Miss Perry. “One can’t dance in
a tent. And what will you do when you are sulky?”
“Gnash my teeth and curse my luck.”
“I will dance with you twice if you would like me to,” said Miss Perry
with charming friendliness.
“I shall not be there,” said Jim, whose studied unconcern was rather
a failure.
“Not be there!” said Miss Perry, with consternation.
“Aunt Caroline has not axed me.”
It was some kind of solace to Jim Lascelles that dismay and
incredulity contended upon the usually calm and unruffled
countenance of Miss Perry.
“Miss Burden has forgotten you,” said she. “I must speak to her.”
Miss Perry rose for that purpose.
“Sit down, you Goose,” Jim commanded her. “Don’t speak a word
about it to anybody, unless you want to get me sacked from the
house. I am here on sufferance, a poor painting chap, copying a
picture to get bread and cheese; and this ball to-night is being given
by the Countess of Crewkerne, for her niece Miss Perry.”
“But, Jim——”
“Goose Girl,” said Jim, “keep Mouth Piece immovable. Move not the
Chin Piece, the Young Man said. Think of cream buns.”
“But, Jim——” said Miss Perry.
CHAPTER XIII
HIGH REVEL IS HELD IN HILL STREET
ALL the same, Miss Perry did not dance twice with Jim Lascelles
that evening. For Jim took his mother to the Theatre Royal, at
Brixton, to witness a performance of that excellent old-world comedy,
“She Stoops to Conquer.”
He did not appear to enjoy it much. He hardly laughed once, and his
mother remarked it.
“What is the matter, my son?” said she. It ought to be stated that
Jim’s mother was absurdly young to occupy the maternal relation to
a great hulking fellow like Jim.
“There is a ridiculous girl in my head,” said he, “who is above me in
station.”
“That Goose?” said Jim’s mother, a little contemptuously, it is to be
feared.
“Yes, Señora,” said Jim. “She is turning my brain rather badly.”
Not unnaturally Jim’s mother was amused that Jim should be so
serious.
“If only I had enough money to buy back the Red House at
Widdiford,” sighed Jim, “I believe I could cut out them all.”
“She was never able to resist the orchard, and the south wall, and
the strawberry beds,” Mrs. Lascelles agreed.
“I never saw such a creature,” said Jim. “Those lilac frocks and those
Gainsborough hats are maddening.”
“Well, laddie,” said Jim’s mother, “you must paint her and make her
and yourself famous.”
“She is famous already,” said Jim. “Worse luck. She is a nine days’
wonder in Mayfair, and certain to marry a duke.”
“That Goose!” said Jim’s mother.
“Yes,” said Jim; “it sounds ridiculous, but it is perfectly true.”
“Well, my son,” said Jim’s mother, who believed profoundly in her
offspring, “just paint her and see what comes of it.”
While Jim Lascelles lay that night with his head on his arm, dreaming
of the Goose Girl, high revel was held at the house of Caroline
Crewkerne, in Hill Street, W. All ages and both sexes were gathered
in the garb of their ancestors in the spacious suite of rooms on the
second floor. From the moment that the first seductive strains were
put forth by Herr Blaum’s Green Viennese Band, and his Excellency
the Illyrian Ambassador, in the guise of Henri Quatre or the Duke of
Buckingham—nobody was quite sure which—accompanied by Diana
of Ephesus, a bread-and-butter miss who looked much too young to
be a duchess, went up the carpetless blue drawing-room, which
seemed at least three times the size it did on ordinary occasions, as
indeed was the case, there was no doubt that Caroline Crewkerne
was going to have a great success.
It is not easy to know whether Red Cross Knights, Cardinal
Richelieus, Catherines de’ Medici, and those kinds of people are
susceptible of thrills; but there was one unmistakably when George
Betterton, in the character of a Gentleman of the Georgian Era, took
the floor with Araminta, Duchess of Dorset, by Gainsborough, upon
his arm.
The less responsible spirits directed their gaze to Charles II. The
Merry Monarch was engaged in amiable converse with his hostess,
who, habited in an Indian shawl, the gift of her Sovereign, and a
jeweled turban presented to her by the Shah of Persia during his last
visit to this country, together with the insignia of the Spotted Parrot
duly displayed round her neck, made her, in the opinion of many, a
very tolerable representation of a heathen deity. As a Gentleman of
the Georgian Era and Araminta, Duchess of Dorset, by
Gainsborough, came down the room in a somewhat inharmonious
manner, owing to the decidedly original ideas of the former in regard
to the art he was practicing, the amiable and agreeably cultivated
voice of Charles II. soared easily above the strains of the waltz and
the frou-frou of the dancers.
“Yes,” said that monarch, “the Georgian Era is sufficiently obvious;
but can anybody tell me what has happened to the Gentleman?”
The Georgian Era went its victorious way however, gobbling
decidedly, perspiring freely, holding Gainsborough’s Duchess in a
grip of iron, and slowly but surely trampling down all opposition with
the greatest determination. When, with coxcomb ensanguined, but
with a solemn gobble of triumph, he came back whence he started, a
slight but well-defined murmur of applause was to be heard on every
hand.
“Georgian Era wins in a canter,” one of the knowing fraternity could
be heard to proclaim. “Evens on Gobo against the field.”
“Duchess,” said the Georgian Era, with a bow to his fair partner, who
looked as cool as a cucumber, “you deserve an ice.”
“Yes,” said Araminta, Duchess of Dorset, with grave alacrity, “a pink
one, please.”
“Bad form,” said the Second Charles; “decidedly a breach of
manners to address her as duchess in the circumstances. But what
can one expect of the Georgian Era!”
The Merry Monarch, with the unmistakable air of the master of the
ceremonies, as indeed he was, proceeded to lead out Katharine of
Aragon, who was seen to great advantage, such was her natural
distinction, and who was that ill-fated queen to the manner born.
“Humph!” said the Heathen Deity. “For a born fool she dances very
well.”
The Second Charles danced like a rather elderly angel with wings.
The young people also were enjoying themselves. Eligible young
men, and not a single one of the other kind had gained admittance,
had each his dance with the fair Araminta, or the fair Daphne, or the
fair Evadne, or the fair Sweet Nell of Old Drury. Of course
Gainsborough’s masterpiece really brooked no rival, except the great
canvas in the left-hand corner, which, in the full glare of the electric
lights, seemed to do her best to dispute the supremacy of her
youthful descendant.
“Yellow hair knocks spots off the auburn,” said an Eldest Son to the
Lynx-Eyed Dowager to whose apron he was very carefully tied.
“A matter of taste,” was the rejoinder. “Yellow is never a safe color. It
is well known that it means doubtful antecedents. They are
beginning the lancers. Go, Pet, and find Mary.”
Pet, who was six feet five, and had leave from Knightsbridge
Barracks until five a.m., claimed the Watteau Shepherdess, a real
little piece of Dresden China, who had forty-six thousand in land and
thirty-six thousand in consols, and would have more when Uncle
William permanently retired from the Cavalry; and who was perfectly
willing to marry Pet or anyone else if her mamma only gave her
permission to do so.
Charles II. sat out the supper dance with the fair Araminta.
“Miss Goose,” said the sagacious monarch, “never dance the dance
before supper if you can possibly avoid it. You will live longer, you
will be able to do ampler justice to whatever fare may be
forthcoming, you will also be able to get in before the squash; and if
the quails run short, as is sometimes the case, it won’t matter so
much as it otherwise might do.”
As far as the Merry Monarch was concerned, however, the
precautions against the squash and the possibility of the quails
running short were wholly superfluous. The pleasantest corner of the
best-situated table had been reserved for him hours before, and all
his favorite delicacies had been duly earmarked.
“Miss Goose,” said the Merry Monarch, “have you had an ice yet?”
“I have had seven,” said Araminta, Duchess of Dorset.
“Pink ones?” asked the Second Charles.
“Five were pink,” said the Duchess, “one was yellow, and one was
green. But I think that pink ones are almost the nicest.”
“I concur,” said the Second Charles.
After supper, before dancing was resumed, some incautious person,
after gazing upon Gainsborough’s masterpiece and subjecting it to
some admiring if unlearned remarks, pulled aside the crimson
curtain which hid from view Jim Lascelles’ half-finished copy.
“Oho!” said the incautious one in a loud voice, “what have we here?
To be sure, a Sargent in the making! Only Sargent could paint that
hair.”
The attention of others was attracted.
“I should say it is a Whistler,” said a second critic.
“A Sargent decidedly,” said a third. “Only he could paint that hair.”
“It is high art, I dare say,” said a fourth, “but isn’t it rather
extravagant?”
“If Gillet were in London,” said critic the fifth, who had more
instruction than all the others put together, “I should say it was Gillet.
As he is not, it might be described as the work of a not unskillful
disciple.”
Cheriton stood listening.
“It is the work of a young chap named Lascelles,” said he; “the
coming man, I’m told.”
Nobody had told Cheriton that Jim Lascelles was the coming man,
and not for a moment did he believe that he was; but he was a
member of that useful and considerable body which derives a kind of
factitious importance from the making of imposing statements. He
felt that it reacted upon his own status to announce that a young
chap named Lascelles was the coming man when not a soul had
heard of the young chap in question.
“I must remember the name,” said a broad-jowled marquis from
Yorkshire, who had come up in time to hear Cheriton’s statement,
and who greatly preferred to accept the judgment of others in the
fine arts rather than exercise his own. “I should like him to paint
Priscilla.”
“The very man to paint Priscilla,” said Cheriton, with conviction. And
this, be it written to Cheriton’s credit, was genuine good nature.
“What is the subject?” said the first critic.
“Why, can’t you see?” said a chorus. “It is Caroline Crewkerne’s
Gainsborough.”
“Which of ’em?”
“The yellow-haired one, of course.”
Cheriton screwed his glass in his eye. He had been the first to detect
that the color of the hair was yellow, and yet for some strange reason
the solution of the mystery had not until that moment presented itself
to him.
“What damned impertinence!” said he.
“Anybody been treading on your corns, Cheriton?” asked several
persons.
“Not exactly. But, do you know, I commissioned that fellow Lascelles
to make a copy of Araminta, Duchess of Dorset, for Cheriton House.”
“And he copies the wrong Araminta!” came a shout of laughter.
There was really no need to shout, but immediately after supper that
is the sort of thing that happens sometimes. “A good judge too.”
“Gross impertinence. I think I shall be quite justified in repudiating
the whole transaction.”
“Quite, Cheriton,” said the marquis, with a very obvious wink at the
company and preparing to jest in the somewhat formidable Yorkshire
manner. “But it is easily explained. Young fellow got a little mixed
between Gainsborough’s Araminta, Duchess of Dorset, and Nature’s
Araminta, Duchess of Brancaster. Very natural mistake—what?”
The arrival upon the scene of the Georgian Era and the Heathen
Deity, the latter walking quite nimbly with very little aid from her stick,
set the circle of art critics in further uproar.
“Who pulled aside the curtain?” demanded the mistress of the
house. “Cheriton, I suspect you.”
“It is my picture, anyhow,” said Cheriton, coolly, although he felt the
game was rather going against him.
“It is not at all clear to my mind that it is your picture,” said the sharp-
witted Caroline, to the delight of everybody. “You send a man to copy
my Gainsborough, and he copies my niece.”
“A very natural error,” said the marquis, “as we have just explained to
Cheriton.”
The Georgian Era was seen to grow uneasy. He began to fumble in
his Georgian costume. Obviously he was not quite sure where the
pockets were. At last, however, he was able to produce a pair of
spectacles which he proceeded to adjust.
“Very good likeness,” said he, heavily. “Caroline, when the picture is
finished I should like to purchase it for the Cheadle Collection.”
A salvo of laughter greeted this speech, but to laughter the speaker
was constitutionally oblivious.
“The picture is not Caroline’s, my dear George,” said Cheriton. “The
young fellow is painting it on my commission.”
“Excellent likeness,” said George, tenaciously. “I shall make you a
fair offer, Cheriton, for the Cheadle Collection.”
“I am sorry, my dear George, for the sake of the Cheadle Collection,”
said Cheriton, amiably; “but that picture is not for sale.”
“You are quite right, Cheriton,” said Caroline Crewkerne; “the picture
is not for sale. I gave permission for a copy to be made of my
Gainsborough, not of my niece.”
“It appears to be a question of copyright,” said a wit.
“I hold the copyright in both at present,” said Caroline, in an
exceedingly grim manner.
The strains of the dance began to float through the room. The
younger section of the company had again taken their partners; a
brace of royalties had arrived, yet in spite of that jest and counter-
jest were in the air.
“Cheriton was never in it from the start,” said the marquis, “if you
want my candid opinion.”
“The luckier he,” said the first critic. “What does any man want with a
girl who hasn’t a sou, a country parson’s daughter?”
“Healthy, I should say,” said critic the second. “Comes of a good
stock on the mother’s side.”
“Ye-es,” said a third. “Useful.”
“Finest-looking girl in England,” said a fourth.
“They can both afford to marry her,” said the marquis, “and I will lay
the odds that the better man of the two does.”
“Cheriton gets her in that event.”
“Gobo for a monkey.”
All the time, however, in Another Place, the Master of the Revels—
but, after all, that is no concern of ours.

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Essentials of Abnormal Psychology

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Essentials of Abnormal Psychology 7th Edition Durand

1) Excessively rigid patterns of behaviour, or ways of relating to others, that ultimately

2) The warning signs of personality disorders usually become evident in ________.

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Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 215 Skill: Factual

8) The DSM-IV lists personality disorders on Axis ________.

9) The DSM-IV groups personality disorders into ________ clusters.

10) The DSM-IV lists ________ individual personality disorders.

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12) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster A personality disorder?

14) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster B personality disorder?

15) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster B personality disorder?

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17) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster C personality disorder?

18) Which of the following is NOT a DSM-IV cluster C personality disorder?

20) The defining trait of ________ personality disorder is pervasive suspiciousness.

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Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 216 Skill: Factual

25) The DSM-5 has dropped __________ personality disorder.

26) The DSM-5 has dropped __________ personality disorder.

27) The DSM-5 has dropped __________ personality disorder.

28) The DSM-5 has dropped __________ personality disorder.

29) The DSM-5 includes __________ domains on a Five-Factor Model of Personality.

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33) Social isolation is the cardinal feature of ________ personality disorder.

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35) Those with schizoid personality disorder usually ________.

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39) With schizoid personality disorder, sensitivity is sometimes expressed in deep

40) Schizotypal personality disorder usually becomes evident in ________.

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Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 218 Skill: Applied

43) Schizotypal personality is believed to affect about ________ % of the general

44) The eccentricity associated with schizoid personality is ________.

45) The eccentricity associated with personality is ________.

47) Schizotypal personality disorder may actually be a mild form of ________.

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48) ________ people diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder go on to develop

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52) A cardinal feature of ________ personality disorder is lack of remorse.

56) To receive a diagnosis of “antisocial personality disorder,” a person must be at least

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61) Researchers now believe psychopathic personality is composed of ________

62) The diagnostic features of antisocial personality disorder require evidence of a

64) Psychopathic personality is composed of _________ factors.

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C) all good or all bad

74) Borderline personality disorder is estimated to occur in about ________ % of the

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77) Borderline personality disorder appears to be closest in its dynamics to ________

78) Instability of moods is a central characteristic of ________ personality disorder.