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Part 3
Chapter 6

Managing for
Quality and
Competitiveness

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor
use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied,
scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
CHAPTER 6
The Nature of Management

CHAPTER 7
Organization, Teamwork, and Communication

CHAPTER 8
Managing Service and Manufacturing Operations

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 2
Learning Objectives
LO 6-1 Define management, and explain its role in the
achievement of organizational objectives.

LO 6-2 Describe the major functions of management.

LO 6-3 Distinguish among three levels of management


and the concerns of managers at each level.

LO 6-4 Specify the skills managers need in order to be


successful.

LO 6-5 Summarize the systematic approach to decision


making used by many business managers.

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 3
Management and Managers
• Management
– A process designed to achieve an organization’s
objectives by using its resources effectively and efficiently
in a changing environment
 Effectively means having the intended result
 Efficiently means accomplishing the objectives with a
minimum of resources
• Managers
– Those individuals in organizations who make decisions
about the use of resources and who are concerned with
planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling the
organization’s activities to reach its objectives

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 4
The Importance of Management
• Every organization must acquire resources to effectively pursue
objectives and coordinate use to turn out final goods and services
 Employees
♦ Important in helping a firm attain its objectives
♦ Recruit, train, compensate, and provide benefits to foster loyalty
 Acquiring Supplies
♦ Ensuring that products are made available to customers
♦ In global markets firms enlist hundreds of diverse suppliers
 Financial resources
♦ To pay for essential activities
♦ Owners, shareholders, banks, and other financial institutions
© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 5
Management Functions
• Planning
– Planning activities to achieve the organization’s objectives
• Organizing
– Organizing resources and activities to achieve the
organization’s objectives
• Staffing
– Staffing the organization with qualified people
• Directing
– Directing employees’ activities toward achievement of
objectives
• Controlling
– Controlling the organization’s activities to keep it on course
© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6
Planning
• Planning is the process of determining the organization’s
objectives and deciding how to accomplish them; the first
function of management
 Mission is the statement of an organization’s
fundamental purpose and basic philosophy
 Objectives are measurable statements on common
issues such as profit, competitive advantage,
efficiency and growth
 Goals are the results the company wants to achieve
 Plans specify what should be done, by whom,
where, when and how

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 7
Strategic Plans
» Those plans that establish long-range objectives and
overall strategy or course of action by which a firm
fulfills its mission
» Generally cover periods ranging from one year or longer
– Plans to add products
– Purchase companies
– Sell unprofitable segments of the business
– Issue stock
– Move into international markets

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 8
Tactical Plans
– Short-range plans (one year or less) designed to
implement the activities and objectives specified in
the strategic plan
– Keep the firm on course established in the strategic
plan
– An ever-changing market requires firms to develop
short-run or tactical plan to deal with the changing
environment

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This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 9
Operational Plans
– Very short-term plans that specify actions individuals,
work groups, or departments need to accomplish in
order to achieve the tactical plan and ultimately the
strategic plan

– Apply to details in executing activities quickly

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Retail Store Example (1 of 2)
 A retailing store with a five-year strategic plan to invest
$5 billion in 500 new retail stores may develop 5
tactical plans (each covering 1 year) specifying:

► How much to spend to set up each new store

► Where to locate

► When to open each new store

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 11
Retail Store Example (2 of 2)
 Tactical plans are designed to execute the overall
strategic plan
► They are easier to adjust or abandon if changes in
the environment or the company’s performance so
warrant
 Operational plans may specify the schedule for:
► Opening 1 new store
► Hiring and training new employees
► Obtaining merchandise
► Opening for actual business

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 12
Crisis Management or
Contingency Planning
• An element in planning that deals with potential disasters
such as product tampering, oil spills, fire, earthquake,
computer virus
 ~51% of companies have outdated disaster recovery and
business continuity plans
 Herbalife does businesses in 90 countries, and contingency
plans must often be made for fluctuating exchange rates

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 13
Organizing
• The structuring of resources and activities to accomplish
objectives in an efficient and effective manner
 Helps create synergy
 Establishes lines of authority
 Improves communication
 Helps avoid duplication of resources
 Improves competitiveness by speeding up decision
making

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This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 14
Staffing
• Hiring people to carry out the work of the organization
 Managerial duties
 Recruiting
 Determining what skills are needed for specific
jobs
 Motivating and training employees
 Determining pay and benefits
 Preparing employees for higher-level jobs

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This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 15
Monster.com and Staffing
 Some companies choose to recruit people to hire
through online job websites such as Monster.com
 Monster.com is one of the world’s largest employment
websites
 Using websites like Monster.com falls under the staffing
function of management

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 16
Downsizing
• The elimination of a significant number of employees
from an organization
 Production, sales and technical positions can be
outsourced to countries with lower labor costs
 Downsizing helps companies reduce costs quickly
 This involves loss of jobs and lowered morale for
remaining employees
 An effective manager will promote optimism and
positive thinking while minimizing criticism and fault-
finding

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 17
Directing
• Motivating and leading employees to achieve
organizational objectives
 Telling employees what to do and when to do it using
deadlines, then encourage them to do their work
 Determining and administering rewards and recognition
 Providing incentives but recognition and appreciation are
often the best motivators
 Ask workers to contribute ideas for reducing costs,
making equipment more efficient, improving customer
service, or even developing new products

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 18
Controlling
• The process of evaluating and correcting activities to
keep the organization on course
 Measuring performance
 Comparing performance with standards or
objectives
 Identifying deviations from the standards
 Investigating the causes of deviations
 Taking corrective action when necessary

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 19
Levels of Management
• As the pyramid shape implies, there are generally more
middle managers than top managers, and still more first-
line managers

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This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 20
Time Spent on Management
Functions

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This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 21
Top Management
• The president and other top executives of a business,
such as the chief executive officer (CEO), chief financial
officer (CFO), and chief operations officer (COO), who
have overall responsibility for the organization
 In publically-owned corporations, CEO’s boss is
board of directors
 Compensation committees work directors and CEOs
to keep pay in line with performance
 Workforce diversity is good for workers and for the
bottom line

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 22
CEO Compensation

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 23
Five Rules of Successful
Diversity Recruiting
 Get everyone involved
 Showcase your diversity
 Work with diversity groups within your community
 Spend money
 Sell, sell, sell – and measure your return on investment
 A diverse workforce is better at making decisions
regarding issues related to consumer diversity

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This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 24
Middle Managers
• Those members of an organization responsible for the
tactical planning that implements the general guidelines
established by top management
 Have more focused responsibilities and spend more
time organizing than other managers
 In business, plant managers, division mangers and
department mangers make up middle management
 The ranks of middle managers have been shrinking
as more companies downsize to be more productive

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This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 25
First-Line Managers
• Those who supervise both workers and the daily
operations of an organization
 Responsible for implementing plans established by
middle management and directing workers’ daily
performance
 Spend most of their time directing and controlling
 Commonly called foreman, supervisor and office
service manager

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 26
Areas of Management (1 of 2)
• Financial Manager
– Focus on obtaining the money needed for the successful
operation of the organization and using that money in
accordance with organizational goals
• Production and Operations Manager
– Develop and administer the activities involved in
transforming resources into goods, services, and ideas
ready for the marketplace
• Human Resources Manager
– Handle the staffing function and deals with employees in
a formalized manner

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This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 27
Areas of Management (2 of 2)
• Marketing Manager
– Responsible for planning, pricing, and promoting
products and making them available to customers
through distribution
• Information Technology (IT) Manager
– Responsible for implementing, maintaining, and
controlling technology applications in business, such as
computer networks
• Administrative Manager
– Manage an entire business or a major segment of a
business; do not specialize in a particular function

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 28
Managing Automation and Robots
in the Workplace
• As digital technology and automation came to the
forefront in business operations, many thought the
managerial function would no longer be necessary—
however, the opposite has proven to be true
 Technical and leadership skills valued more highly among
today’s managers as their former roles of overseeing
employees on a production line have declined
 These duties are now delegated to employees who oversee
the operations of the machines on the production lines

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 29
Managerial Roles

• Decisional • Informational
 Entrepreneur  Monitor

 Disturbance handler  Disseminator

 Resource allocator  Spokesperson

 Negotiator • Interpersonal
 Figure

 Leader

 Liaison

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This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 30
Technical Expertise
• Technical Expertise
– Specialized knowledge and training needed to
perform jobs related to particular areas of
management

– Needed most by first-line managers and least critical


to top-level managers

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 31
Conceptual Skills
• Conceptual Skills
– Ability to think in abstract terms and see how parts fit
together to form the whole

– Needed most by top level managers

– Evaluate where the company will be in the future

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This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 32
Financial Manager
 Financial managers are
responsible for obtaining
the necessary funding for
organizations to succeed,
both in the short term and
in the long term
 This financial manager
of a city hedge fund
analyzes data from
financial charts

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 33
Analytical Skills
• Analytical Skills
– Ability to identify relevant issues, recognize their
importance, understand relationships between them
and perceive underlying causes of a situation

– Most important to the success of top level managers

– Resolving ethical issues often requires analytical


skills

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 34
Human Relations Skills
• Human Relations Skills
– Ability to deal with people, both inside and outside
the organization

– Those who can relate, communicate well,


understand the needs, and show a true appreciation
for others are more successful

– Important in organizations that provide services,


such as hospitals, airlines and banks

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 35
Seven Tips for Successful Leadership
• Leadership is the ability to influence employees to work
toward organizational goals
 Communicate objectives and expectations.

 Gain the respect and trust of stakeholders.

 Develop shared values.

 Acquire and share knowledge.

 Empower employees to make decisions.

 Be a role model for appropriate behavior.

 Provide rewards and take corrective action to achieve goals.

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 36
Leadership Styles
 Autocratic Leaders
 Make all the decisions then tell employees what must be
done and how to do it
 Democratic Leaders
 Involve employees in decisions
 Free-rein Leaders
 Let employees work without much interference; setting
performance standards and letting employees find their
own way to meet them

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 37
Authentic Leadership
 Authentic Leaders
 Different from the other three leadership styles
because it is not exclusive
 Both democratic and free-rein leaders could qualify
as authentic leaders
 Passionate about goals and mission of company,
display corporate values in the workplace, form long-
term relationships with stakeholders
 Kim Jordan of New Belgium Brewing is an authentic
leader

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 38
Employee Empowerment
• When employees are provided with the ability to take on
responsibilities and make decisions about their jobs

 Participative corporate culture is beneficial - employees


feel they are taking an active role in the firm’s success
 Leaders must adopt systems that support employee’s
ability to provide input and feedback on the company
 Manager should be trained to empower employees to
make decisions even in challenging situations

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 39
Leadership in Teams
 Today, decisions made by teams are becoming the norm
 Effective way for encouraging employee empowerment
 Decision making in teams is collective
 Most effective teams are when all employees are
encouraged to contribute their ideas and recommendations

 Outspoken employees dominate the team and engage in


groupthink, in which team members go with the majority
rather than what they think is the right decision
 Training employees how to listen to one another and
provide relevant feedback helps prevent

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 40
Steps in the Decision-Making Process
 Recognize and
define the decision
situation
 Develop options
 Analyze options
 Select the best
option
 Implement the
decision
 Monitor the
consequences

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 41
Recognizing and Defining the
Decision Situation
The first step in decision making is recognizing
and defining the situation
 Situations may be positive or negative
 Situations calling for small-scale decisions occur
without warning
 Large-scale decisions generally occur after some
warning signs
 Once a situation is recognized, management must
define it

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 42
Developing Options and
Analyzing Options
The second step in the decision making
process is developing options
 A list of possible courses of action should include
both standard and creative plans
The third step in the decision making
process is analyzing options
 Management must look at practicality and
appropriateness of each option
 Consider whether proposed option adequately
addresses the situation
© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 43
Selecting the Best Option,
Implementing the Decision
The fourth step in the decision making
process is selecting the best option
 Often a subjective procedure
The fifth step in the decision making process
is implementing the decision
 This step can be fairly simple, or very complex,
depending on the nature of the decision
 Prepare for unexpected consequences

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 44
Monitoring the Consequences
The sixth step in the decision making
process is monitoring the consequences
 Has the implementation of the decision
accomplished the desired result?
 Is yes, then the decision was sound

 If no, then more analysis is warranted

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 45
Management in Practice
• Management not a cut-and-dried process;
there is no mathematical formula for
managing a firm and achieving goals
– Management expert, John P. Kotter says manager’s
functions can be boiled down to two basic activities

 Figuring out what to do despite uncertainty, great diversity,


and an enormous amount of potentially relevant information

 Getting things done through a large and diverse set of


people despite having little direct control over most of them

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 46
Agendas and Networking
• Agenda
– Calendar containing specific and vague items that
cover short-term goals and long-term objectives
Helps manager determine what must be done
Technology tools can help manage agendas
• Networking
– Building of relationships and sharing of information
with colleagues who can help managers achieve the
items on their agendas
Provide information and advice on diverse topics
Social media sites have increased ability to network

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 47
Challenges of the Business
World
 Rapidly changing technology
 Increased scrutiny of individual and
corporate ethics and social responsibility
 Impact of social media
 Changing nature of workforce
 New laws and regulations
 Increased global competition
 Declining education standards
 Making the best use of time
© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 48
LinkedIn
• Websites like LinkedIn are helping managers and
employees network with one another to achieve their
professional goals

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 49
Discussion
? Name the five functions of management and briefly
describe each function.

? What skills do managers need? Give examples of how


managers use these skills to do their jobs.

? Identify the three levels of management. What is the


focus of managers at each level?

? Explain the steps in the decision-making process.

© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 50
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
Two Songs from a Play

I saw a staring virgin stand


Where holy Dionysus died,
And tear the heart out of his side,
And lay the heart upon her hand
And bear that beating heart away;
And then did all the Muses sing
Of Magnus Annus at the spring,
As though God’s death were but a play.

Another Troy must rise and set,


Another lineage feed the crow,
Another Argo’s painted prow
Drive to a flashier bauble yet.
The Roman Empire stood appalled:
It dropped the reins of peace and war
When that fierce virgin and her Star
Out of the fabulous darkness called.
II

In pity for man’s darkening thought


He walked that room and issued thence
In Galilean turbulence;
The Babylonian Starlight brought
A fabulous, formless darkness in;
Odour of blood when Christ was slain
Made Plato’s tolerance in vain
And vain the Doric discipline.
Wisdom

The true faith discovered was


When painted panel, statuary,
Glass-mosaic, window-glass,
Straightened all that went awry
When some peasant gospeller
Imagined Him upon the floor
Of a working-carpenter.
Miracle had its playtime where
In damask clothed and on a seat,
Chryselephantine, cedar boarded,
His majestic Mother sat
Stitching at a purple hoarded,
That He might be nobly breeched,
In starry towers of Babylon
Noah’s freshet never reached.
King Abundance got Him on
Innocence; and Wisdom He.
That cognomen sounded best
Considering what wild infancy
Drove horror from His Mother’s breast.
Leda and the Swan

A sudden blow: the great wings beating still


Above the staggering girl, her thighs caressed
By the dark webs, her nape caught in his bill,
He holds her helpless breast upon his breast.

How can those terrified vague fingers push


The feathered glory from her loosening thighs?
And how can body, laid in that white rush
But feel the strange heart beating where it lies?

A shudder in the loins engenders there


The broken wall, the burning roof and tower
And Agamemnon dead.
Being so caught up,
So mastered by the brute blood of the air,
Did she put on his knowledge with his power
Before the indifferent beak could let her drop?

1928
On a Picture of a Black Centaur by
Edmond Dulac

Your hooves have stamped at the black margin of the wood,


Even where horrible green parrots call and swing.
My works are all stamped down into the sultry mud.
I knew that horse play, knew it for a murderous thing.
What wholesome sun has ripened is wholesome food to eat
And that alone; yet I, being driven half insane
Because of some green wing, gathered old mummy wheat
In the mad abstract dark and ground it grain by grain
And after baked it slowly in an oven; but now
I bring full flavoured wine out of a barrel found
Where seven Ephesian topers slept and never knew
When Alexander’s empire past, they slept so sound.
Stretch out your limbs and sleep a long Saturnian sleep;
I have loved you better than my soul for all my words,
And there is none so fit to keep a watch and keep
Unwearied eyes upon those horrible green birds.
Among School Children

I walk through the long schoolroom questioning,


A kind old nun in a white hood replies;
The children learn to cipher and to sing,
To study reading-books and history,
To cut and sew, be neat in everything
In the best modern way—the children’s eyes
In momentary wonder stare upon
A sixty year old smiling public man.

II

I dream of a Ledæan body, bent


Above a sinking fire, a tale that she
Told of a harsh reproof, or trivial event
That changed some childish day to tragedy—
Told, and it seemed that our two natures blent
Into a sphere from youthful sympathy,
Or else, to alter Plato’s parable,
Into the yolk and white of the one shell.

III

And thinking of that fit of grief or rage


I look upon one child or t’other there
And wonder if she stood so at that age—
For even daughters of the swan can share
Something of every paddler’s heritage—
And had that colour upon cheek or hair
And thereupon my heart is driven wild:
She stands before me as a living child.

IV

Her present image floats in to the mind—


Did quattrocento finger fashion it
Hollow of cheek as though it drank the wind
And took a mass of shadows for its meat?
And I though never of Ledæan kind
Had pretty plumage once—enough of that,
Better to smile on all that smile, and show
There is a comfortable kind of old scarecrow.

V
What youthful mother, a shape upon her lap
Honey of generation had betrayed,
And that must sleep, shriek, struggle to escape
As recollection or the drug decide,
Would think her son, did she but see that shape
With sixty or more winters on its head,
A compensation for the pang of his birth,
Or the uncertainty of his setting forth?

VI

Plato thought nature but a spume that plays


Upon a ghostly paradigm of things;
Solider Aristotle played the taws
Upon the bottom of a king of kings;
World-famous golden-thighed Pythagoras
Fingered upon a fiddle stick or strings
What a star sang and careless Muses heard:
Old clothes upon old sticks to scare a bird.

VII

Both nuns and mothers worship images,


But those the candles light are not as those
That animate a mother’s reveries,
But keep a marble or a bronze repose.
And yet they too break hearts—O Presences
That passion, piety or affection knows,
And that all heavenly glory symbolise—
O self-born mockers of man’s enterprise;

VIII

Labour is blossoming or dancing where


The body is not bruised to pleasure soul,
Nor beauty born out of its own despair,
Nor blear-eyed wisdom out of midnight oil.
O chestnut tree, great rooted blossomer,
Are you the leaf, the blossom or the bole?
O body swayed to music, O brightening glance,
How can we know the dancer from the dance?
Colonus’ Praise
(From ‘Oedipus at Colonus’)

Chorus

Come praise Colonus’ horses and come praise


The wine dark of the wood’s intricacies,
The nightingale that deafens daylight there,
If daylight ever visit where,
Unvisited by tempest or by sun,
Immortal ladies tread the ground
Dizzy with harmonious sound,
Semele’s lad a gay companion.

And yonder in the gymnasts’ garden thrives


The self-sown, self-begotten shape that gives
Athenian intellect its mastery,
Even the grey-leaved olive tree
Miracle-bred out of the living stone;
Nor accident of peace nor war
Shall wither that old marvel, for
The great grey-eyed Athene stares thereon.

Who comes into this country, and has come


Where golden crocus and narcissus bloom,
Where the Great Mother, mourning for her daughter
And beauty-drunken by the water
Glittering among grey-leaved olive trees,
Has plucked a flower and sung her loss;
Who finds abounding Cephisus
Has found the loveliest spectacle there is.

Because this country has a pious mind


And so remembers that when all mankind
But trod the road, or paddled by the shore,
Poseidon gave it bit and oar,
Every Colonus lad or lass discourses
Of that oar and of that bit;
Summer and winter, day and night,
Of horses and horses of the sea, white horses.
The Hero, The Girl, and The Fool

The Girl

I rage at my own image in the glass,


That’s so unlike myself that when you praise it
It is as though you praised another, or even
Mocked me with praise of my mere opposite;
And when I wake towards morn I dread myself
For the heart cries that what deception wins
Cruelty must keep; therefore be warned and go
If you have seen that image and not the woman.

The Hero

I have raged at my own strength because you have loved it.

The Girl

If you are no more strength than I am beauty


I had better find a convent and turn nun;
A nun at least has all men’s reverence
And needs no cruelty.

The Hero

I have heard one say


That men have reverence for their holiness
And not themselves.

The Girl

Say on and say


That only God has loved us for ourselves,
But what care I that long for a man’s love?

The Fool by the Roadside

When my days that have


From cradle run to grave
From grave to cradle run instead;
When thoughts that a fool
Has wound upon a spool
Are but loose thread, are but loose thread.

When cradle and spool are past


And I mere shade at last
Coagulate of stuff
Transparent like the wind,
I think that I may find
A faithful love, a faithful love.
Owen Ahern and His Dancers

A strange thing surely that my heart when love had come unsought
Upon the Norman upland or in that poplar shade,
Should find no burden but itself and yet should be worn out.
It could not bear that burden and therefore it went mad.

The south wind brought it longing, and the east wind despair,
The west wind made it pitiful, and the north wind afraid.
It feared to give its love a hurt with all the tempest there;
It feared the hurt that she could give and therefore it went mad.

I can exchange opinion with any neighbouring mind,


I have as healthy flesh and blood as any rhymer’s had,
But oh my Heart could bear no more when the upland caught the wind;
I ran, I ran, from my love’s side because my Heart went mad.

II

The Heart behind its rib laughed out, ‘You have called me mad,’ it said.
‘Because I made you turn away and run from that young child;
How could she mate with fifty years that was so wildly bred?
Let the cage bird and the cage bird mate and the wild bird mate in the wild.’

‘You but imagine lies all day, O murderer,’ I replied.


‘And all those lies have but one end poor wretches to betray;
I did not find in any cage the woman at my side.
O but her heart would break to learn my thoughts are far away.’

‘Speak all your mind,’ my Heart sang out, ‘speak all your mind; who cares,
Now that your tongue cannot persuade the child till she mistake
Her childish gratitude for love and match your fifty years.
O let her choose a young man now and all for his wild sake.’
A Man Young and Old

First Love

Though nurtured like the sailing moon


In beauty’s murderous brood,
She walked awhile and blushed awhile
And on my pathway stood
Until I thought her body bore
A heart of flesh and blood.

But since I laid a hand thereon


And found a heart of stone
I have attempted many things
And not a thing is done,
For every hand is lunatic
That travels on the moon.

She smiled and that transfigured me


And left me but a lout,
Maundering here, and maundering there,
Emptier of thought
Than heavenly circuit of its stars
When the moon sails out.

Human Dignity

Like the moon her kindness is,


If kindness I may call
What has no comprehension in’t,
But is the same for all
As though my sorrow were a scene
Upon a painted wall.

So like a bit of stone I lie


Under a broken tree.
I could recover if I shrieked
My heart’s agony
To passing bird, but I am dumb
From human dignity.

The Mermaid

A mermaid found a swimming lad,


Picked him for her own,
Pressed her body to his body,
Laughed; and plunging down
Forgot in cruel happiness
That even lovers drown.

The Death of the Hare

I have pointed out the yelling pack,


The hare leap to the wood,
And when I pass a compliment
Rejoice as lover should
At the drooping of an eye
At the mantling of the blood.

Then suddenly my heart is wrung


By her distracted air
And I remember wildness lost
And after, swept from there,
Am set down standing in the wood
At the death of the hare.

The Empty Cup

A crazy man that found a cup,


When all but dead of thirst,
Hardly dared to wet his mouth
Imagining, moon accursed,
That another mouthful

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