8

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Learning Activity Sheet
MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM (UNDEFINED TERMS,
DEFINITION/DEFINED TERMS, POSTULATES, THEOREMS)
Development Team of the School-Based LAS
Writer: Genesis 2 Jose Cortez, Teacher I
Editor: Ana Teresa L. Heraῆa, Teacher I
Ma. Elena N. Suing, Teacher II
Reviewer: Irish Farrah I. Limpin, Techer II
Kim Angelu M. Yumang, Teacher I
Jermie M. Ruga, Teacher I
Layout Artist: Manuel D. Reyes, Teacher I
Jeremia P. Dela Cruz, Teacher I
Chris Angelina Estigoy, Teacher I

Published by the Sebitanan Integrated School, Sasmuan District

Office Address: Sebitanan, Sasmuan, Pampanga
Telephone No: 09999380208
E-mail Address: 106273@deped.gov.ph

Copyright 2023
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such an agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

1
 MATHEMATICS 8

Name: _____________________________________ Section: ___________

Date: _________________________ Score: ____________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM (Undefined Terms,
Definition/Defined Terms, Postulates, Theorems.
I. Background Information for Learners

Mathematical system - a structure formed from one or more sets of undefined objects,
various concepts which may or may not be defined, and a set of axioms relating these
objects and concepts. A typical mathematical system has the following four parts:
1. UNDEFINED TERMS –

In geometry, formal definitions are formed using other defined words or terms. There are,
however, three words in geometry that are not formally defined. These words are point, line
and plane, and are referred to as the "three undefined terms of geometry". A point has no
length, no width, and no height (thickness). A line has no thickness, extends in one
dimension. A line goes on forever in both directions. A plane has two dimensions and
forms a flat surface extending indefinitely in all directions.

2. DEFINITION/ DEFINED TERMS –

A defined term is, simply put, a term that has some sort of definition. Unlike "the" and
"am", we can put a definition to the word "she." "She" just is defined as a term that
represents us acknowledging that someone is female. Simple, right? In Geometry, we can
use undefined terms to define a term.

3. POSTULATE/S

Postulates are statements that are assumed to be true without proof. Postulates serve
two purposes - to explain undefined terms, and to serve as a starting point for proving other
statements.

4. THEOREMS
In mathematics, a theorem is a non-self-evident statement that has been proven to be true,
either on the basis of generally accepted statements such as axioms or on the basis of
previously established statements such as other theorems.

2
 Point – an exact location in space..
 A (read “point A”)
• a point has no dimension (actual size).
• a point has no length, no width, and no height (thickness).
• a point is usually named with a capital letter.

1. LINE (straight line)

• a line has no thickness.
• a line's length extends in one dimension.
• a line goes on forever in both directions.
• a line has infinite length, zero width, and zero height.
• a line is assumed to be straight.
• a line is drawn with arrowheads on both ends.
• a line is named by a single lowercase script letter, or by any two
(or more) points which lie on the line.
Lines can be labeled with a single script letter, or by two points on the
line, .

2. PLANE
• a plane has two dimensions.
• a plane forms a flat surface extending indefinitely in all directions.
• a plane has infinite length, infinite width and zero height
(thickness).
• a plane is drawn as a four-sided figure resembling a tabletop or a Plane m or Plane ABC.
parallelogram. While the diagram of a plane has edges,
• a plane is named by a single letter (plane m) or by three you must remember that the plane
coplanar, but non-collinear,* points (plane ABC). actually has no boundaries.

B. DEFINED TERMS:
1. LINE SEGMENT - a line segment is just a part of a line. Line segments stop
somewhere in both direction.

2. Ray –a ray can be defined as a part of a line that has a fixed starting point but no
end point. It can extend infinitely in one direction.

3
 3. Opposite Rays - A pair of opposite rays are two rays that have the same endpoint
and extend in opposite directions.

4. Angle - an angle is the figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle,
sharing a common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle

II. Learning Competency

1. Describes a mathematical system (M8GE-IIIa-1)
2. Illustrates the need for axiomatic structure of a mathematical system in general , and
in Geometry, in particular; (a) undefined terms; (b) defined terms; (c) postulates; and
(d) theorems (M8GE-IIIa-1)
3. Illustrates the need for axiomatic structure of a mathematical system in general , and
in Geometry, in particular; (a) undefined terms; (b) defined terms; (c) postulates; and
(d) theorems (M8GE-IIIa-1)

III. Activities

Activity 1
Direction: Describe the following terms in Geometry:
1. POINT _______________________________________
2. LINE ________________________________________
3. SPACE _______________________________________
4. UNDEFINED TERM ______________________________________
5. DEFINED TERM ______________________________________
6. POSTULATE ________________________________________
7. THEOREM _________________________________________
8. Give an example of an undefined term. What makes this term hard to define?
_______________________________________________
9. Give an example of a theorem.

4
 ______________________________________
10. Give an example of a defined term. Give a definition of that term.

Activity 2

1. Draw a point.
______________________________________
2. Draw a line.
____________________________________
3. Draw a line segment.
____________________________________
4. Draw a ray .
___________________________________
5. Draw a set of opposite rays.
______________________________________
6. Draw an angle.

IV. Reflection

1. What part of this Learning Activity Sheet have you encountered with difficulty? Why?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2. What part of this Learning Activity Sheet you learned easily? Why?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

V. References:

Reference: Mathematics Module 8, pages 384-389.

VI. Answer Key

5
Activity 1

1. point has no length, no width, and no height

2. a line's length extends in one dimension.
3. a plane forms a flat surface extending indefinitely in all directions.
4. In geometry, formal definitions are formed using other defined words or terms.
5. A defined term is, simply put, a term that has some sort of definition.
6. Postulates are statements that are assumed to be true without proof. Postulates
serve two purposes - to explain undefined terms, and to serve as a starting point for proving
other statements.
7. In mathematics, a theorem is a non-self-evident statement that has been proven to be true,
either on the basis of generally accepted statements such as axioms or on the basis of
previously established statements such as other theorems.
8. Point- there is no specific thing in the point that is way it is undefined term.
9. Thereom meaning it is been to be true like for example Triangle Congruency if the all
sides and angles are the same length and size therefore they are truly evident or theorem.
10. Line segment from the line undefined term. Line segment is a part of a line whos defined
from its undefined term.

Activity 2

Answers may vary.