The, A Sunburst Chart, is discussed.

It is used for multivariate analysis, is a hierarchical data

visualization that displays data in a radial layout, resembling the slices of a pie or the rings of a tree
trunk. It is particularly useful for visualizing hierarchical data with multiple levels of categories.
Example: To visualize the average price (numerical feature ‘price’) of a diamond with respect to cut
type (categorical feature ‘cut’) and color (categorical feature ‘color’), the first division as displayed in
the Sunburst Chart below is with respect to the feature ‘cut’, followed by the feature ‘color’ (sub-
group). The color shade associated in each region/slice relates to the average price as indicated in the
color shade scale. The associated Sunburst Chart is given in the figure.
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Next, a Polar Chart is used for bivariate analysis. It represents data along radial and angular axes;
polar coordinate system is used, where the x-axis looks like a circle with the center at the origin point
and the values are represented by the distance of the data point as measured from the center of the
circle. The farther the data point is from the center, the greater its value is. Category labels
(corresponding to a categorical feature) are displayed on the perimeter of the chart.
Example (a): The following Polar Chart displays the average price of a diamond (numerical feature
‘price’, plotted as point inside a circular area) with respect to clarity of the diamond (categorical
feature ‘clarity’). The associated Polar Chart is given in the figure.
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And finally, the radar chart (also known as Spider Chart) is used for multivariate analysis. It
compares a categorical feature against one or more numerical features on a two-dimensional polar
grid. The numerical features are marked as data points inside a circular region whose distance from
the center is equal to the numerical value it carries. The points marked in the circle are connected to
one another by a straight line which gives a radar-like appearance to the chart.
Example: The following Radar Chart is used to visualize carat (feature ‘carat’) for different cut-
types of diamond (feature ‘cut’) against price of the diamond (feature ‘price’). The Relevant Radar
Chart is given in the figure.
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Next, the different types of Time-Dependent Comparison Charts are explained.
Time-dependent comparison charts illustrate comparison of one or more data features with
respect to time component. The different Time-dependent comparison charts are, Line Chart, Multi-
Series Line Chart, Spline Chart and Multi-Series Spline Chart.
Firstly, a brief discussion on Line chart and its usage is given. A Line Chart is used for bivariate
analysis. It displays how a particular numerical feature varies over a time-based feature (year, month,
day, time). Line charts can be particularly useful for analyzing the trend of a time-series data.
Example: The following Line Chart is used to analyse the overall trend in yearly average production
of centrifugal sugar over three years (2019, 2020, 2021). The Relevant Line Chart is given in the
figure.
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Next, A Multi-series Line Chart is discussed. It is used for multivariate analysis and is utilized to
understand the trend in more than one numerical feature over a specific time-period. Example: The
following Multi-Series Line Chart displays the monthly average production of sugar (feature ‘Month’
plotted on X axis) over three years (2019, 2020, 2021). The Relevant Multi-series Line Chart is given
in the figure.
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Furthermore, a spline Chart is similar to a line chart, but it uses curves, known as splines, to connect
the data points instead of straight lines. These curves are often smoother and can provide a clearer
representation of trends in the data, especially when there are fluctuations or irregularities. Spline
chart is used for bivariate analysis. Example: The following Spline Chart is used to analyze the overall
trend in yearly average of Jaggery production over three years (2019, 2020, 2021). The Relevant
spline Chart is given in the figure.
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And finally, A Multi-Series Spline Chart is being discussed. It is used for multivariate analysis,
displays the trend associated with more than one time-dependent feature, using a polynomial curve to
connect two consecutive points rather than a straight line.
Example: The following Multi-Series Spline Chart displays the monthly average production of Gur
(Jaggery) (feature ‘Month’ plotted on X-axis) varied over three years (2019, 2020, 2021).
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ThankYou.