(Download PDF) Mathematical Ideas 12th Edition Miller Solutions Manual Full Chapter

Mathematical Ideas 12th Edition Miller
Solutions Manual
Go to download the full and correct content document:
https://testbankfan.com/product/mathematical-ideas-12th-edition-miller-solutions-man
ual/
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...
Mathematical Ideas 12th Edition Miller Test Bank
https://testbankfan.com/product/mathematical-ideas-12th-edition-
miller-test-bank/
Mathematical Ideas 13th Edition Miller Solutions Manual
miller-solutions-manual/
Mathematical Ideas 13th Edition Miller Test Bank
miller-test-bank/
Mathematical Statistics with Applications 7th Edition

Miller Solutions Manual
https://testbankfan.com/product/mathematical-statistics-with-
applications-7th-edition-miller-solutions-manual/
John E Freunds Mathematical Statistics With
Applications 8th Edition Miller Solutions Manual
https://testbankfan.com/product/john-e-freunds-mathematical-
statistics-with-applications-8th-edition-miller-solutions-manual/
Mathematical Applications for the Management Life and

Social Sciences 12th Edition Harshbarger Solutions
Manual
https://testbankfan.com/product/mathematical-applications-for-
the-management-life-and-social-sciences-12th-edition-harshbarger-
solutions-manual/
Understanding Politics Ideas Institutions and Issues

12th Edition Magstadt Test Bank
https://testbankfan.com/product/understanding-politics-ideas-
institutions-and-issues-12th-edition-magstadt-test-bank/
Horngrens Accounting The Managerial Chapters 12th

Edition Miller-Nobles Solutions Manual
https://testbankfan.com/product/horngrens-accounting-the-
managerial-chapters-12th-edition-miller-nobles-solutions-manual/
Mathematical Excursions 4th Edition Aufmann Solutions

Manual
https://testbankfan.com/product/mathematical-excursions-4th-
edition-aufmann-solutions-manual/
Chapter 6
6.1 Exercises (e) − 3, 11
1. An integer between 4.5 and 5.5 is 5.
(f) All are real numbers.
2. A rational number between 2.8 and 2.9 is
13. Writing exercise; answers will vary.
2.85. There are many others.
14. The decimal representation of a rational
3. A whole number that is not positive and is
number will either terminate or repeat.
less than 1 is 0.
15. 1046
4. A whole number that is greater than 4.5 is 5.
There are many others. 16. 3400
5. An irrational number that is between 13 17. 5436
and 15 is 14. There are many others.
18. −30°
6. A real number that is neither negative nor
positive is 0. 19. −220°
7. It is true that every natural number is 20. −31,841

positive. The natural numbers consist of
{1, 2, 3, 4, ...}. 21. 30; 15°; −5°
8. Every whole number is not positive. Zero is 22. −8

a whole number, and it is neither positive
nor negative. 23. (a) Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Caribbean
Sea, South China Sea, Gulf of
9. True; the set of integers is included in the set California
of rational numbers.
(b) Point Success, Ranier, Matlalcueyetl,
10. True; the set of rational numbers is included Steele, McKinley
in the set of real numbers.
(c) This statement is true because the
11. (a) 3, 7 absolute value of each number is its
non-negative value.
(b) 0, 3, 7
(d) This statement is false. The absolute
(c) −9, 0, 3, 7 value of the depth of the Gulf of
California is 2375; the absolute value of
1 3 the depth of the Caribbean Sea is 8448.
(d) −9, −1 , − , 0, 3, 5.9, 7
4 5
24. (a) Chrysler had the greatest change in
sales with a 13.7% change.
(e) − 7 , 5
(b) Honda had the least change in sales
(f) All are real numbers. with a change of −2.5%.
12. (a) 3 (c) False; |5.2| < |5.6|
(b) 0, 3 (d) True; 4(3.0) = 12.0, and 13.4 > 12.0.
(c) −5, −1, 0, 3 25.
1
(d) −5.3, −5, −1, − , 0, 1.2, 1.8, 3 26.
9
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley

154 CHAPTER 6 THE REAL NUMBERS AND THEIR REPRESENTATIONS
(b) Absolute value is 0.

27.
38. 3 − 3 = 0
28. (a) Additive inverse is 0.

29. (a) |−7| = 7, which is choice A.
39. If a − b > 0, then the absolute value of a − b
(b) −(−7) = 7, which is choice A. in terms of a and b is a − b because this
expression produces a nonnegative number.
(c) −|−7| = −7, which is choice B.
40. If a − b = 0, then the absolute value of a − b
(d) −|−(−7)| = −|7| = −7, which is choice B.
is 0.
30. The opposite of −2 is 2, while the absolute
41. −12
value of −2 is 2. The additive inverse of −2
is 2, while the additive inverse of the 42. −14
absolute value of −2 is −2.
43. −8
31. −2
44. −16
(a) Additive inverse is 2.
45. The smaller number is 3 because |−4| = 4.
46. |−2| = 2, which is the smaller number.
32. −8
47. |−3| is the smaller number.
48. |−8|
49. −|−6| = −6, the smaller number.
33. 6
50. −|−3| = −3, the smaller number.
(a) Additive inverse is −6.
(b) Absolute value is 6. 51. |5 − 3| = |2| = 2; |6 − 2| = |4| = 4

The first is the smaller number.
34. 11
52. |7 − 2| = |5| = 5; |8 − 1| = |7| = 7
(a) Additive inverse is −11. The first is the smaller number.
(b) Absolute value is 11. 53. 6 > −(−2) is a true statement because 6 > 2.
35. 7 − 4 = 3 54. −8 > −(−2) is a false statement because

−8 < 2.
55. −4 ≤ −(−5) is true because −4 ≤ 5.
56. −6 ≤ −(−3) is true because −6 ≤ 3.
36. 8 − 3 = 5
57. |−6| < |−9| is true because 6 < 9.
58. |−12| < |−20| is true because 12 < 20.
59. −|8| > |−9| is false because −8 < 9.
37. 7 − 7 = 0
60. −|12| > |−15| is false because −12 < 15.

6.2: OPERATIONS, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS OF REAL NUMBERS 155
61. −|−5| ≥ −|−9| is true because −5 ≥ −9. 6.2 Exercises
62. −|−12| ≤ −|−15| is false because −12 > −15. 1. The sum of two negative numbers will
always be a negative number.
63. |6 − 5| ≥ |6 − 2| is false because 1 < 4.
2. The sum of a number and its opposite will
64. |13 − 8| ≤ |7 − 4| is false because 5 > 3. always be zero.
65. (a) Louisiana had the greatest change in 3. To simplify the expression
population. It decreased 4.1%. 8 + [−2 + (−3 + 5)], I should begin by
adding −3 and 5, according to the rule for
(b) West Virginia had the least change in order of operations.
population. It increased 0.6%.
4. If I am adding a positive number and a
66. (a) China had the greatest discrepancy negative number, and the negative number
between exports and imports. Imports has the larger absolute value, the sum will
exceeded exports by $17,911 million. be a negative number.
(b) Turkey had the least discrepancy 5. Writing exercise; answers will vary.
between exports and imports. Imports
exceeded exports by $78 million. 6. Writing exercise; answers will vary.
67. Fabric Mills shows the greatest change 7. −12 + (−8) = −20
(without regard to sign).
8. −5 + (−2) = −7
9. 12 + (−16) = −4
Answers may vary in Exercises 69−74.
10. −6 + 17 = 11
69. Three positive real numbers but not integers
1 5 3 11. −12 − (−1) = −12 + 1 = −11
between −6 and 6 are , , and 1 .
2 8 4
12. −3 − (−8) = −3 + 8 = 5
70. Three real numbers but not positive between
13. −5 + 11 + 3 = 6 + 3 = 9
3
−6 and 6 are −1, − , and −5.
4 14. −9 + 16 + 5 = 7 + 5 = 12
71. Three real numbers but not whole numbers 15. 12 − (−3) − (−5) = 12 + 3 + 5 = 20
1 2 3
between −6 and 6 are −3 , − , and .
2 3 7 16. 15 − (−6) − (−8) = 15 + 6 + 8 = 29
72. Three rational numbers but not integers 17. −9 − (−11) − (4 − 6) = −9 + 11 − (−2)
1 2 2 = −9 + 11 + 2
between −6 and 6 are , − , and . = 2+2
2 3 7
=4
73. Three real numbers but not rational numbers
18. −4 − (−13) + (−5 + 10) = −4 + 13 + (5)
between −6 and 6 are 5, π, and − 3.
= 9+5
= 14
74. Three rational numbers but not negative
2 5
numbers between −6 and 6 are , , and 19. (−12)(−2) = 24
3 6
5 20. (−3)(−5) = 15
.
2
21. 9(−12)(−4)(−1)3 = −1296
22. −5(−17)(2)(−2)4 = −1360

−18 2(−5 + 3) (−32 + 2)(3)

23. =6 38. −
−3 −2 2 3 − (−4)
2(−2) (−9 + 2)(3)
−100 = −
24. =2 −4 3+ 4
−50 −4 (−7)(3)
= −
−4 7
36 −21
25. = −6 = 1−
−6 7
= 1 − (−3)
26.
52
= −4 = 1+ 3
−13 =4
0 2(−5) + (−3)(−22 ) −10 + (−3)(−4)

27. =0 39. =
12 2 −9 + 9
−(3 ) + 9
−10 + (−3)(−4)
0 =
28. =0 0
−7
Division by zero is undefined.
29. −6 + [5 − (3 + 2)] = −6 + [5 − 5] = −6 + 0 = −6
3(−4) + (−5)(−2) −12 + 10 −12 + 10
40. = =
30. −8[ 4 + (7 − 8)] = −8[ 4 + (−1)] = −8[3] = −24 3
2 − 2 + (−6) 8−2−6 0
Division by zero is undefined.
31. −4 − 3(−2) + 52 = −4 + 6 + 25 = 2 + 25 = 27
1
41. − [3(−5) + 7(−5) + 1(−2)]
32. −6 − 5(−8) + 32 = −6 + 40 + 9 = 34 + 9 = 43 4
1
= − [ −15 − 35 − 2]
33. (−8 − 5)(−2 − 1) = (−13)(−3) = 39 4
1
= − [ −52]
(−10 + 4) ⋅ (−3) (−6) ⋅ (−3) 18 4
34. = = = −2 = 13
−7 − 2 −9 −9
35. −8(−2) − [(42 ) + (7 − 3)] = 16 − [16 + (4)] 42.

( )
5 − 3 −−5−7 9 − 6 5 − 3 −−14
= 7 ( )
−6
= 16 − [ 20] −9 − 11 + 3 ⋅ 7 −20 + 21
= −4 5 − 3(2) − 6
=
1
36. −7(−3) − [ 23 − (3 − 4)] = 21 − [8 − (−1)] 5−6−6
=
= 21 − [9] 1
= 12 = −7
(−6 + 3) ⋅ (−4) (−3) ⋅ (−4) 12 43. Division by zero is undefined, so A, B, and

37. = = = −2 C are all undefined.
−5 − 1 −6 −6
45. Commutative property of addition
46. Commutative property of multiplication
47. Inverse property of addition
48. Identity property of addition
49. Identity property of multiplication

6.2: OPERATIONS, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS OF REAL NUMBERS 157
50. Inverse property of multiplication 64. (a) Putting on your shoes and putting on
your socks are not commutative
51. Associative property of addition activities. The order of activities affects
the outcome.
52. Commutative property of multiplication
(b) Getting dressed and taking a shower are
53. Identity property of addition not commutative activities; changing
the order affects the outcome.
54. Associative property of multiplication
(c) Combing your hair and brushing your
55. Distributive property teeth are commutative activities; the
order in which they are done can be
56. Distributive property changed without affecting the outcome.
57. Inverse property of addition 65. Jack recognized the identity property for
addition.
58. Closure property of addition
66. (a) This could be interpreted as a difficult
59. Closure property of multiplication (test question), meaning that the
question on the test is difficult. It could
60. (a) 9 + 15 ÷ 3 = 9 + (15 ÷ 3) = 9 + 5 = 14 also be interpreted as a (difficult test)
question, meaning that the question is
(b) No; while 14 is the correct answer, he
part of a difficult test.
obtained it by coincidence. The division
should be done first, followed by (b) This could be interpreted as a woman
addition, to get 14. (fearing husband), meaning that the
woman fears her husband. It could also
61. (a) 6 − 8 = −2 and 8 − 6 = 2 be interpreted as a (woman fearing)
husband, meaning that the husband
(b) By the results of part (a), we may
fears women.
conclude that subtraction is not a
commutative operation. (c) This could be interpreted as a man
(biting dog), meaning that the man is
(c) When a = b, it is a true statement. For
biting the dog. It could also be
example, let a = b = 5. Then
interpreted as a (man biting) dog,
5 − 5 = 5 − 5 or 0. meaning that the dog is guilty of biting
men.
4 1
62. (a) 4 ÷ 8 = = and 8 ÷ 4 = 2
8 2 67. Use the given hint: Let a = 2, b = 3, c = 4.
Now test a + (b ⋅ c) = (a + b) ⋅ (a + c).
(b) By the results of part (a), we may a + (b ⋅ c) = 2 + (3 ⋅ 4) = 2 + 12 = 14.
conclude that division is not a However, (a + b) ⋅ (a + c) = (2 + 3) ⋅ (2 + 4)
commutative operation.
= 5⋅6
(c) This statement is true when |a| = |b| ≠ 0. = 30.
For example, let a = b = 3. Then The two expressions are not equivalent. The
3 ÷ 3 = 3 ÷ 3 = 1. distributive property for addition with
respect to multiplication does not hold.
63. (a) The inverse of cleaning up your room
would be messing up your room. 68. The student distributed −3 and wrote −3(6)
rather than the correct term −3(−6). The
(b) The inverse of earning money would be correct answer is
spending money. −3(4 − 6) = −3(4) − 3(−6) = −12 + 18 = 6.
(c) The inverse of increasing the volume on 69. −34 = −81

your MP3 player would be decreasing
the volume. The notation indicates the opposite of 34.

70. −(34 ) = −81 2010: $916 − 710 = $206 billion.

The difference between projected tax
revenue and cost of benefits in the year
71. (−3)4 = (−3)(−3)(−3)(−3) = 81 2020: $1479 − 1405 = $74 billion.
The difference between projected tax
72. −(−34 ) = −(−81) = 81 revenue and cost of benefits in the year
2030: $2041 − 2542 = −$501 billion.
73. −(−3)4 = −81
(b) The cost of Social Security will exceed
revenue in 2030 by $501 billion.
74. [ −(−3)]4 = [3]4 = 81
80. −5 + (−4) + (−3) = −12
4 4
75. −[ −(−3)] = −[3] = −81
81. −3 + (−2) + 9 + 5 + 3 + 2 + 2 = 16
76. −[ −(−34 )] = −[ −(−81)] = −[81] = −81 82. Christine’s new balance is
54 − 89 = −$35.00.
77. (a) The change in outlay from 2006 to
2007 was 490.6 − 464.7 = 25.9 (billion 83. $904.89 − $35.84 − $26.14 − $3.12
dollars). + $85.00 + $120.76 = $1045.55
(b) The change in outlay from 2007 to 84. $904.89 − $41.29 − $13.66 − $84.40
2008 was 548.8 − 490.6 = 58.2 (billion + $80.59 + $276.13 = $1122.26
dollars).
85. 14, 494 − (−282) = 14, 494 + 282
(c) The change in outlay from 2008 to = 14, 776 feet
2009 was 701.8 − 548.8 = 153.0 (billion
dollars). 86. −130 + (−54) = −184 meters
(d) The change in outlay from 2006 to 87. −4 + 49 = 45°F
2009 was 701.8 − 464.7 = 237.1 (billion
dollars). 88. 44 − x = 100
44 − 100 = x
78. (a) The difference between the height of x = −56°F
Mt. Foraker and the depth of the
Philippine Trench is 89. −27 + 139 = 112°F
17,400 − (−32,995) = 50,395 feet.
90. −47 + 165 = 118°F
(b) The difference between the height of
Pike’s Peak and the depth of the Java 91. −36 − 24 = −60°F
Trench is
14,110 − (−23,376) = 37,486 feet. 92. −50 − 19 = −69°F
(c) To find how much deeper the Cayman 93. 15 − (−12) = 15 + 12 = 27 feet
Trench is than the Java Trench:
−23,376 − (−24,721) = 1345 feet. 94. 535 − (−8) = 535 + 8 = 543 feet
(d) To find how much deeper the 95. Because these years are similar to negative
Philippine Trench is than the Cayman numbers on a number line:
Trench: −428 + (−41) = −469, which is 469 B.C.
−24,721 − (−32,995) = 8274 feet.
96. Because these years are similar to negative
79. (a) The difference between tax revenue and numbers on a number line:
cost of benefits in the year 2000: −325 − 35 = −360, which is 360 B.C.
$538 − 409 = $129 billion.
The difference between projected tax 97. $195,200 − $180,200 = $15,000
revenue and cost of benefits in the year

6.3: RATIONAL NUMBERS AND DECIMAL REPRESENTATION 159
98. $219,000 − $195,200 = $23,800 8 8 ⋅1 1

8. − =− =−
48 8⋅6 6
99. $221,900 − $219,000 = $2900
3 3⋅ 2 6
100. $217,900 − $221,900 = −$4000 9. = =
8 8 ⋅ 2 16
6.3 Exercises 3 3⋅3 9
= =
8 8 ⋅ 3 24
4 1
1. = = 0.5 = .50 which are choices A, C, 3 3 ⋅ 4 12
8 2 = =
8 8 ⋅ 4 32
4
and D. The fractions can be simplified to
8 9 9 ⋅ 2 18
10. = =
1
its equivalent fraction . It can also be 10 10 ⋅ 2 20
2 9 9 ⋅ 3 27
= =
changed to decimal form by dividing 4 by 8. 10 10 ⋅ 3 30
Remember that the overline on zero 9 9 ⋅ 4 36
indicates that this digit repeats indefinitely. = =
10 10 ⋅ 4 40
2 20 5⋅ 2
2. = 0. 6 = = 0.666... which are choices 11. −
5
=− =−
10
3 30 7 7⋅2 14
B, C, and D. This fraction can be changed to 5 5⋅3 15
20 − =− =−
an equivalent fraction, , by multiplying 7 7 ⋅3 21
30 5 5⋅ 4 20
numerator and denominator by 10. It can be − =− =−
7 7⋅4 28
represented as a decimal by dividing 2 by 3;
the digit 6 repeats. 7 7⋅2 14
12. − =− =−
5 12 12 ⋅ 2 24
3. = 0. 5, which is choice C. When 5 is 7 7 ⋅3 21
9 − =− =−
12 12 ⋅ 3 36
divided by 9, the digit 5 repeats. 7 7⋅4 28
− =− =−
1 25 12 12 ⋅ 4 48
4. = 0.25 = 0.249 = , which are choices
4 100 2 1
A, B, and C. This fraction can be changed to 13. (a) =
6 3
25
an equivalent fraction, , by multiplying
100 2 1
numerator and denominator by 25. It can be (b) =
8 4
represented as a decimal by dividing 1 by 4.
Finally, it can be shown that the repeating
4 2
decimal 0.249 is equivalent by the method (c) =
of Example 8 in the text. 10 5
16 16 ⋅1 1 3 1
5. = = (d) =
48 16 ⋅ 3 3 9 3
21 7 ⋅ 3 3 12 1
6. = = 14. (a) =
28 7 ⋅ 4 4 24 2
15 5⋅3 3 6 1
7. − =− =− (b) =
35 5⋅7 7 24 4
12 3
(c) =
16 4

2 1 7 1 8
(d) = 20. + =
16 8 9 9 9
15. These are the dots in the intersection of the 5 3 7 4 15 28 43

triangle and the rectangle as a part of the 21. ⋅ + ⋅ = + =
16 3 12 4 48 48 48
dots in the entire figure.
1 6 7 5 6 35 41
16. Both records can be expressed as fractions 22. ⋅ + ⋅ = + =
and then converted to decimals as follows: 15 6 18 5 90 90 90
8
Lewis: = 8 ÷ 20 = 0.400 2 8 7 3 16 21 5
20 23. ⋅ − ⋅ = − =−
12 3 8 8 3 24 24 24
LaRoche: = 12 ÷ 30 = 0.400
30
13 3 5 5 39 25 14 7 ⋅ 2 7
Their averages are the same. 24. ⋅ − ⋅ = − = = =
20 3 12 5 60 60 60 30 ⋅ 2 30
17. (a) Christine O’Brien had 12 hits out of 36
12 5 7 3 4 35 12 23
at-bats. The fraction simplifies to 25. ⋅ − ⋅ = − =
36 8 7 14 4 56 56 56
1
. 19 4 7 5 76 35 41
3 26. ⋅ − ⋅ = − =
15 4 12 5 60 60 60
(b) Leah Goldberg had 5 hits out of 11 at-
3 9 27
5 27. ⋅ =
bats. The fraction is a little less than 4 5 20
11
1
. 3 2 6 3⋅ 2 3
2 28. ⋅ = = =
8 7 56 28 ⋅ 2 28
(c) Leah Goldberg had 1 home run out of
2 5 10 5 ⋅ 2 5
11 at-bats. The fraction
1
is just less 29. − ⋅ − = = =
11 3 8 24 12 ⋅ 2 12
1
than . 2 3 6 6 ⋅1 1
10 30. − ⋅ = − =− =−
4 9 36 6⋅6 6
(d) Anne Kelly made 9 hits out of 40 times
5 15 5 4 20 20 ⋅1 1
9 31. ÷ = ⋅ = = =
at bat. The fraction is just less than 12 4 12 15 180 20 ⋅ 9 9
40
10 1 15 30 15 8 120 120 ⋅1 1
, which equals . 32. ÷ = ⋅ = = =
40 4 16 8 16 30 480 120 ⋅ 4 4
(e) Otis Taylor made 8 hits out of 16 times
9 3 9 8 72 3 ⋅ 24 3
at bat; Carol Britz made 10 hits out of 33. − ÷− = − ⋅− = = =
8 16 8 16 3 48 2 ⋅ 24 2
20 times at bat. The fractions and
16
3 5 3 4 12 3⋅ 4 3
10 1 34. − ÷ = − ⋅ = − =− =−
both reduce to . 8 4 8 5 40 10 ⋅ 4 10
20 2
3 1 3 + 1 4 4 ⋅1 1
19. + = = = =
8 8 8 8 4⋅2 2

⎛1 1⎞ 5 ⎛1 2⎞ 5 (c) Number from Europe:

35. ⎜ ÷ ⎟ + = ⎜ ⋅ ⎟ +
⎝3 2⎠ 6 ⎝3 1⎠ 6 7 7 ⋅ 34
⋅ 34 million = million
2 5 50 50
= + 238
3 6 = million
2 2 5 50
= ⋅ + 38
3 2 6 =4 million
4 5 50
= + 19
6 6 =4 million,
9 25
= or 4,760,000
6
9 3⋅3 3
The fraction can be simplified: = . 1 4 1 12 1 13
6 3⋅ 2 2 39. 4 + = + = + =
3 1 3 3 3 3
2 ⎛ 4 3 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 4 10 ⎞
36. ÷⎜− ÷ ⎟ = ÷⎜− ⋅ ⎟ 7 3 7 24 7 31
3 ⎝ 5 10 ⎠ 5 ⎝ 5 3 ⎠ 40. 3 + = + = + =
2 ⎛ 40 ⎞ 8 1 8 8 8 8
= ÷⎜− ⎟
5 ⎝ 15 ⎠ 9 9 2 9 20 9 29
2 15 41. 2 = 2+ = + = + =
= ⋅− 10 10 1 10 10 10 10
5 40
30
=− 3
200 42. 18 ÷ 5 = 3
3 5
=−
20
3
43. 27 ÷ 4 = 6
3 6 3 18 1 4
37. (a) 6 ⋅ = ⋅ = or 4 cups
4 1 4 4 2 1
44. 19 ÷ 3 = 6
1 ⎛3 ⎞ 1 ⎛3 4⎞ 3
(b) of ⎜ + 1⎟ = ⋅ ⎜ + ⎟
2 ⎝4 ⎠ 2 ⎝4 4⎠
1 7 13 23 26 23 49 1
1 7 45. 3 + 2 = + = + = =6
= ⋅ 4 8 4 8 8 8 8 8
2 4
7
= cup 1 7 31 37 93 37 56 11
8 46. 6 − 2 = − = − = =3
5 15 5 15 15 15 15 15
38. (a) Other regions:
⎛ 1 7 27 ⎞ 7 2 39 11
1− ⎜ + + ⎟ 47. −4 ⋅ 3 = − ⋅
⎝ 4 50 50 ⎠ 8 3 8 3
429
100 ⎛ 25 14 54 ⎞ =−
= −⎜ + + ⎟ 24
100 ⎝ 100 100 100 ⎠ 21
100 − 93 = −17
= 24
100 7
7 = −17
= 8
100
(b) Latin America or Asia:

27 1 54 25 79
+ = + =
50 4 100 100 100

1 2 25 5 1 1
48. −4 ÷ 1 = − ÷ 57. 2 + = 2+
6 3 6 3 1+ 1
1
1+ 1
6 1
25 3 3+ +
=− ⋅ 2 2 2
6 5 1
75 = 2+
=− 1+ 1
30 7
1 2
= −2 1
2 = 2+
1 + 72
3 3 3 ⋅ 4 3 12 − 3 9 1
49. − = − = = inch = 2+
4 16 4 ⋅ 4 16 16 16 7 + 72
7
1
11 3 11 3 ⋅ 2 11 − 6 5 = 2+
50. − = − = = inch 9
16 8 16 8 ⋅ 2 16 16 7
7
= 2+
51. Using Method 1, 9
1+1 18 7
2 4 = 3 ÷ 1 = 3 ⋅ 4 = 12 = 3. = +
1−1 9 9
4 4 4 1 4
2 4 25
=
9
52. Using Method 1,
2+1
5 1 5 2 10 5 1 1
3 6
= ÷ = ⋅ = = . 58. 4 + = 4+
2−1 6 2 6 1 6 3 2 + 11 2+ 1
3 1
3 6 1+ +
3 3 3
= 4+
5−1
3 7 3 8 24 3 2+ 1
4
8 4
= ÷ = ⋅ = = .
1+3 8 8 8 7 56 7 3
8 4 1
= 4+
54. Using Method 2, 2 + 34
3 −1 1
16 2 16 3−8 5 = 4+
⋅ = =− . 11
5 + 1 16 5 + 2 7 4
16 8
4
= 4+
44 4
7 + 3 = +
11 10 110 70 + 33 103 103
⋅ = = =− . 11 11
1 − 9 110 10 − 99 −89 89 48
11 10 =
11
56. Using Method 2,
11 + 1 1 + 34 2 + 34 5
5 2 5 1 5
15 9 45 33 + 5 38 59. 2
= 4
= 4
= ÷ = ⋅ =
⋅ = = .
13 − 2 45 39 − 30 9 2 2 2 4 1 4 2 8
15 3

1+ 5 4 + 5
60. 3 12 = 12 12 64.
( ) = − 62 + ( − 52 )
−3 + − 52
2 2 2 2
9
12 − 11
= = 2
2 2
9 2 11 2
= ÷ =− ÷
12 1 2 1
9 1 11 1
= ⋅ =− ⋅
12 2 2 2
9 11
= =−
24 4
3
=
8 63056 + 57708 + 56602 + 51170 + 50457
+ 49562 + 48781 + 48430
3+2 9 + 10 19 65.
19 2 19 1 19 8
61. 5 3 = 15 15 = 15 = ÷ = ⋅ = 425766
2 2 2 15 1 15 2 30 =
8
7 +5 14 + 15 ≈ $53, 221
62. 12 8 = 24 24
2 2 66. Find the total receipts and then divide by the
29 number of countries:
24
= 96.7 + 57.6 + 54.3 + 42.7 + 37.2 288.5
2 =
29 2 5 5
= ÷ = 57.7
24 1
29 1 The average is $57.7 billion.
= ⋅
24 2
5 + 9 14
=
29 67. =
48 6 + 13 19
10 + 13 23
63.
( ) = − 64 + ( − 56 )
− 23 + − 56 68. =
11 + 19 30
2 2
− 96 4+9 13
= 69. =
2 13 + 16 29
9 2
=− ÷
6 1 6 + 13 19
70. =
9 1
=− ⋅ 11 + 14 25
6 2
9 7 + 9 16 8
=− 71. = , or
12 6 + 8 14 7
3
=−
4 11 + 12 23
72. =
5 + 11 16
2+3 5
73. =
1+1 2
3+ 4 7
74. =
1+1 2

75. Using the consecutive integers 6 and 7. 8

91. : 15 = 3 ⋅ 5
6 + 7 13 1 15
= or 6 .
1+1 2 2 Because 3 is one of the prime factors of the
The number will be halfway between the denominator, the fraction will yield a
integers. repeating decimal.
76. Writing exercise; answers will vary. 8

92. : 35 = 5 ⋅ 7
35
3
77. = 0.75 Because 7 is one of the prime factors of the
4 denominator, the fraction will yield a
repeating decimal.
7
78. = 0.875
8 13
93. : 125 = 53
125
3 Because 5 is the only prime number that is a
79. = 0.1875
16 factor of the denominator, the fraction will
yield a terminating decimal.
9
80. = 0.28125 3 1
32 94. = : 8 = 23
24 8
81. = 0.27 factor of the denominator, the fraction will
11
yield a terminating decimal.
9
82. = 0.81 22 2 ⋅11 2
11 95. = =
55 5 ⋅11 5
83. = 0.285714 factor of the denominator, the fraction will
7 yield a terminating decimal.
11
= 0.73 24 3 ⋅ 8 8
84. 96. = = : 25 = 52
15 75 3 ⋅ 25 25
Because 5 is the only prime number that is a
4 2⋅2 2 factor of the denominator, the fraction will
85. 0.4 = = =
10 2 ⋅ 5 5 yield a terminating decimal.
9 1
86. 0.9 = 97. (a) The decimal representation for is
10 3
0.333....
85 5 ⋅17 17
87. 0.85 = = = 2
100 5 ⋅ 20 20 (b) The decimal representation for is
3
105 5 ⋅ 21 21 0.666....
88. 0.105 = = =
1000 5 ⋅ 200 200 (c) 0.333... + 0.666... = 0.999....
934 2 ⋅ 467 467 (d) 1 = 0. 9
89. 0.934 = = =
1000 2 ⋅ 500 500
1
7984 16 ⋅ 499 499 98. 3 ⋅ = 3 ⋅ 0.333...
90. 0.7984 = = = 3
10, 000 16 ⋅ 625 625 1 = 0.999...

6.4: IRRATIONAL NUMBERS AND DECIMAL REPRESENTATION 165
99. (a) Let x = 0 .8 4. Irrational

10 x = 8
8 4 618 1618
x= = 5. 1.618 = 1 = , a rational number.
10 5 1000 1000
(b) Let x = 0.799999... 718 2718

6. 2.718 = 2 = , a rational number.
10 x = 7.99999... Then 1000 1000
10 x = 7.99999...
− x = 0.799999... 7. 0.41, a rational number; use Example 9
9 x = 7.200000... from Section 6.3 to show that it is
7.2 72 4 41
x= = = . equivalent to the rational number .
9 90 5 99
100. (a) Let x = 0.75 8. 0.32, a rational number; use Example 9

100 x = 75
from Section 6.3 to show that it is
75 3
x= = 32
100 4 equivalent to the rational number .
99
(b) Let x = 0.7499999...
9. The number symbolized by π is irrational.
10 x = 7.499999... Then, Its value is a non terminating, nonrepeating
10 x = 7.499999... decimal. The rational values given in
− x = 0.7499999... Exercises 13 and 14 are approximations of
9 x = 6.750000... the value of π.
6.75 675 3
x= = = 10. By calculator e = 2.718281.... This number
9 900 4
is irrational; it is non terminating and non
101. (a) Let x = 0.66 repeating.
100 x = 66
11. This number is rational. It can be written as
66 33
x= = the ratio of one integer to another.
100 50 14159 314159
3 or
100000 100000
(b) Let x = 0.659999...
10 x = 6.59999... Then, 12. This number is rational; a ratio of integers.
10 x = 6.59999...
− x = 0.659999... 13. This number is irrational; it is non
9 x = 5.9400000... terminating and non repeating.
5.94 594 33
x= = = . 14. Irrational; since 5 is not a perfect square
9 900 50
number, 5 is irrational; non terminating
50 1 and nonrepeating when expressed as a
102. A prediction might be or . decimal.
100 2
15. (a) 0.272772777277772...
6.4 Exercises
+ 0.616116111611116...
1. This number is rational because it can be 0.888888888888888...
written as the ratio of one integer to another.
(b) Based on the result of part (a), we can
2. Rational conclude that the sum of two irrational
numbers may be a rational number.
3. This number is irrational because it cannot
be written as the ratio of one integer to 16. (a) 0.010110111011110...
another; only an approximation of the + 0.252552555255552...
number can be written in this form. 0.262662666266662...

(b) Based on the result of part (a), we can 5 5 6

5 6
conclude that the sum of two irrational 31. = ⋅ =
numbers may be an irrational number. 6 6 6 6
5
Using a calculator, ≈ 2.041241452 and
17. 39 ≈ 6.244997998 6
5 6
18. 44 ≈ 6.633249581 ≈ 2.041241452.
6
19. 15.1 ≈ 3.885871846
3 3 2
3 2
32. = ⋅ =
20. 33.6 ≈ 5.796550698 2 2 2 2
3
21. 884 ≈ 29.73213749 2
3 2
22. 643 ≈ 25.35744467 ≈ 2.121320344.
2
23. First find 9 ÷ 8 = 1.125 on your calculator.
Then take the square root of the resulting 7 7 7
33. = =
quotient. 4 4 2
1.125 ≈ 1.060660172 7
4
24. First find 6 ÷ 5 = 1.2 on your calculator.
Then take the square root of the quotient. 7
≈ 1.322875656.
1.2 ≈ 1.095445115 2
25. 50 = 25 ⋅ 2 = 25 ⋅ 2 = 5 2 8 8 8 4⋅ 2 2 2
34. = = = =
Using a calculator, 50 ≈ 7.071067812 and 9 9 3 3 3
5 2 ≈ 7.071067812. 8
9
26. 32 = 16 ⋅ 2 = 16 ⋅ 2 = 4 2 2 3
Using a calculator, 32 ≈ 5.656854249 and ≈ 0.9428090416.
3
4 2 ≈ 5.656854249.
7 7 3 21
27. 75 = 25 ⋅ 3 = 25 ⋅ 3 = 5 3 35. = ⋅ =
3 3 3 3
Using a calculator, 75 ≈ 8.660254038 and
7
5 3 ≈ 8.660254038. Using a calculator, ≈ 1.527525232 and
3
150 = 25 ⋅ 6 = 25 ⋅ 6 = 5 6 21
28. ≈ 1.527525232.
3
Using a calculator, 150 ≈ 12.24744871
and 5 6 ≈ 12.24744871.
14 14 5 70
36. = ⋅ =
5 5 5 5
29. 288 = 144 ⋅ 2 = 144 ⋅ 2 = 12 2
Using a calculator, 288 ≈ 16.97056275 14
and 12 2 ≈ 16.97056275. 5
70
≈ 1.673320053.
30. 200 = 100 ⋅ 2 = 100 ⋅ 2 = 10 2 5
Using a calculator, 200 ≈ 14.14213562
and 10 2 ≈ 14.14213562. 37. 17 + 2 17 = (1 + 2) 17 = 3 17
38. 3 19 + 19 = (3 + 1) 19 = 4 19

6.4: IRRATIONAL NUMBERS AND DECIMAL REPRESENTATION 167
39. 5 7 − 7 = (5 − 1) 7 = 4 7 47. 355 ÷ 113 = 3.1415929, which agrees with

the first seven digits in the decimal for π.
40. 3 27 − 27 = (3 − 1) 27 = 2 27
22
Notice that 27 can be simplified: 48. The values and 3.14 are rational
7
27 = 9 ⋅ 3 = 3 3. The final example is numbers that are approximations for π.
then 2 ⋅ 3 3 = 6 3.
49. 30 = πd = 10π
41. 3 18 + 2 = 3 9 ⋅ 2 + 2 π=
30
=3
=3 9⋅ 2+ 2 10
= 3⋅3 2 + 2
1605 321
=9 2+ 2 50. 3.1605 = 3 =3
10000 2000
= (9 + 1) 2
= 10 2 51. By Internet search, the answer is 4.
42. 2 48 − 3 = 2 16 ⋅ 3 − 3 52. The string 999999 begins at position 762,

counting from the first digit after the
= 2 16 ⋅ 3 − 3 decimal point.
= 2⋅4 3 − 3
=8 3− 3 53. ≈(1.67) ⋅ 2 = 3.3 to one decimal place.
= (8 − 1) 3 54. (a) Counting the letters of each word in
=7 3 “may I have a large container of coffee”
gives 3.1415926.
43. − 12 + 75 = − 4 ⋅ 3 + 25 ⋅ 3
(b) Counting the letters of each word in
= − 4 ⋅ 3 + 25 ⋅ 3 “see, I have a rhyme assisting my feeble
= −2 3 + 5 3 brain, its tasks ofttimes resisting” gives
= (−2 + 5) 3 3.141592653589.
=3 3 (c) Counting the letters of each word in
“how I want a drink, alcoholic of
44. 2 27 − 300 = 2 9 ⋅ 3 − 100 ⋅ 3 course, after the heavy lectures
= 2 9 ⋅ 3 − 100 ⋅ 3 involving quantum mechanics” gives
3.14159265358979.
= 2 ⋅ 3 3 − 10 3
= (6 − 10) 3 1+ 5
55. φ = ≈ 1.618033989;
= −4 3 2
1− 5
45. ≈ −0.618033989
2
φ is positive while its conjugate is negative.
The units digit of φ is 1 and the units digit of
its conjugate is 0. The decimal digits agree.
1+ 5
56. φ = ≈ 1.618033989;
2143 2
46. ≈ 9.869604395... 2
22 ≈ 0.6180339898
Then take the square root of this number. 1+ 5
9.869604395... ≈ 3.141592653... The decimal digits are the same. Their
The result agrees with the first nine digits of difference is 1.
π.

57. It is just a coincidence that 1828 appears 62. Substitute the given values into the formula
back-to-back early in the decimal. There is and follow the order of operations.
no repetition indefinitely, which would be 2P
indicative of an irrational number. I=
L
2 ⋅120
58. (1.1)10 ≈ 2.59374246 I=
80
(1.01)100 ≈ 2.704813829
240
(1.001)1000 ≈ 2.716923932 I=
80
(1.0001)10,000 ≈ 2.718145927 I= 3
(1.00001)100,000 ≈ 2.718268237 I ≈ 1.7 amps
The computed values seem to be
approaching the value of e. 63. The semiperimeter, s, of the Bermuda
1
59. Using 3.14 for π and the given formula: Triangle is (850 + 925 + 1300) or
2
L 1537.5 miles.
P = 2π
32 1537.5(1537.5 − 850)(1537.5 − 925)
5.1 (1537.5 − 1300)
P ≈ 2(3.14)
32 = 1537.5(687.5)(612.5)(237.5)
P ≈ 6.28 0.159375 ≈ 392, 000 square miles
P ≈ 2.5 seconds
64. The semiperimeter, s, of the Vietnam
60. Substitute the given values into the formula Veterans’ Memorial is
and follow the order of operations. 1
(246.75 + 246.75 + 438.14) or 465.82 feet.
−h + h2 + 0.64S 2
r=
2 465.82(465.82 − 246.75)(465.82 − 246.75)
−12 + 122 + 0.64(400) (465.82 − 438.14)
r=
2 = 465.82(219.07)(219.07)(27.68)
−12 + 144 + 256 = 618799612.9
r =
2 ≈ 24, 900 square feet
−12 + 400
r = 65. The perimeter P = 9 + 10 + 17 = 36. The
2
−12 + 20 1
r = semiperimeter, s = (36) = 18.
2 2
8 A = 18(18 − 9)(18 − 10)(18 − 17)
r =
2 = 18(9)(8)(1)
r = 4 inches
= 1296
61. Stated as a formula, the author’s response = 36
indicates: Since the perimeter and the area are both
d = h ⋅1.224 = 156 ⋅1.224 ≈ 15.3 miles equal, the triangle is perfect.
66. (a) The semiperimeter,

1
s = (11 + 13 + 20) = 22.
2
A = 22(22 − 11)(22 − 13)(22 − 20)
= 22(11)(9)(2)
= 4356
= 66, an integer.

6.5: APPLICATIONS OF DECIMALS AND PERCENTS 169
(b) The semiperimeter, 75. 3 216 = 6

1
s = (13 + 14 + 15) = 21.
2 76. 3 512 = 8
A = 21(21 − 13)(21 − 14)(21 − 15)
= 21(8)(7)(6) 77. 4 1 = 1
= 7056 78. 4 16 = 2
= 84, an integer.
79. 4 256 = 4
1
(c) s = (7 + 15 + 20) = 21.
2 80. 4 625 = 5
A = 21(21 − 7)(21 − 15)(21 − 20)
= 21(14)(6)(1) 81. 4 4096 = 8
= 1764 82. 4 2401 = 7
= 42, an integer.
83. 3 43 ≈ 3.50339806
2 2 2
67. D = L + W + H
84. 3 87 ≈ 4.431047622
= 42 + 32 + 22
= 16 + 9 + 4 85. 3 198 ≈ 5.828476683
= 29 ≈ 5.4 feet
86. 4 2107 ≈ 6.775106617
A− P P AP − P
68. r = ⋅ = 87. 4 10265.2 ≈ 10.06565066
P P P
58320(50000) − 50000 88. 4 863.5 ≈ 5.420827475
r=
50000
2916000000 − 50000 89. 4 968.1 ≈ 5.578019845
=
50000
= 0.08 90. 4 12, 966.4 ≈ 10.67099346
862 6.5 Exercises

69. (a) s = 30 ≈ 70.5 mph
156 1. True; 3.00(12) = 36.
1
(b) s = 30
382
≈ 59.8 mph 2. True; 25% = 0.25 = .
96 4
3. False; when 759.367 is rounded to the
84 nearest hundredth, the result is 759.37.
(c) s = 30 ≈ 53.9 mph
26
4. False; when 759.367 is rounded to the
nearest hundred, the result is 800.
300
70. f1 = 260 = 260 5 ≈ 581
60 1
5. True; 50% = 0.5 = , and multiplying by
2
71. 3 64 = 4 one half yields the same result as dividing
by 2.
72. 3 125 = 5
12 12 5 60
6. True; = ⋅ = = 60%.
12 + 8 20 5 100
73. 3 343 = 7
7. True; 0.70(50) = 35.
74. 3 729 = 9

8. False; 0.40(120) = 48, and 30 is less than [10.8]

48. (b) BAC = − (0.045) = 0.035
135
99
9. False; .99¢ = cent, meaning that it is 30. Substitute given values and follow order of
100 operations.
less than the value of one penny. 5600 × 26
MPH =
3.12 × 336
10. False; 0.10(70) = 7, indicating the item will 145600
be $7 less than the original price of $70. MPH =
70 − 7 = $63 1048.32
MPH ≈ 139
11. 8.53 + 2.785 = 11.315
31. Substitute given values and follow order of
12. 9.358 + 7.2137 = 16.5717 operations.
195 × 302 × 4000
Horsepower =
13. 8.74 − 12.955 = −4.215 792, 000
235, 560, 000
14. 2.41 − 3.997 = −1.587 Horsepower =
792, 000
Horsepower ≈ 297
15. 25.7 × .032 = .8224
16. 45.1 × 8.344 = 376.3144 32. Substitute given values and follow order of
operations.
17. 1019.825 ÷ 21.47 = 47.5 5252 × 400
Torque =
4500
18. −262.563 ÷ 125.03 = −2.1 2,100, 800
Torque =
4500
19.
118.5
=
118.5
= 31.6 Torque ≈ 467
1.45 + 2.3 3.75
33. (a) 78.4
20. 2.45(1.2 + 3.4 − 5.6) = 2.45(−1) = −2.45
(b) 78.41
21. 21.0% ⋅ 2500 billion = 0.21 ⋅ 2500 billion
= $525 billion 34. (a) 3689.5
(b) 3689.54
22. 3.9% ⋅ 2500 billion = 0.039 ⋅ 2500 billion
= $97.5 billion 35. (a) 0.1
23. Because 3 ⋅ (.33¢) = .99¢, one could buy (b) 0.08
three stamps for 1¢ (and you would have
.01¢ left over). 36. (a) 0.1
24. The total price should be 33 cents rather (b) 0.07

than 33 dollars.
37. (a) 12.7
25. 10(.10¢) + 10(0.5¢) = 1¢ + 5¢ = 6¢ or $0.06
(b) 12.69
26. 20(.10¢) + 10(.5¢) = 7¢ or $0.07
38. (a) 44.0
27. $1 ÷ .10¢ = 100¢ ÷ .10¢ = 1000
(b) 44.00
28. $1 ÷ .5¢ = 100¢ ÷ .5¢ = 200
42
39. 0.42 = = 42%
[11.52] 100
29. (a) BAC = − (0.03) ≈ 0.031
190

87 1
40. 0.87 = = 87% (b) 10% matches letter D, .
100 10
365 10 36.5 1
41. 0.365 = ÷ = = 36.5% (c) 2% matches letter B, .
1000 10 100 50
792 10 79.2 1
42. 0.792 = ÷ = = 79.2% (d) 20% matches letter F, .
1000 10 100 5
8 10 0.8 3
43. 0.008 = ÷ = = 0 .8 % (e) 75% matches letter C, .
1000 10 100 4
93 100 0.93 1 1
44. 0.0093 = ÷ = = 0.93% (f) 33 % matches letter A, .
10, 000 100 100 3 3
1 10 10 210 57. (a) 5% means 5 in every 100.

45. 2.1 = 2 ⋅ =2 = = 210%
10 10 100 100 (b) 25% means 6 in every 24.
9 10 90 890 (c) 200% means 8 for every 4.
46. 8.9 = 8 ⋅ =8 = = 890%
10 10 100 100
(d) 0.5% means 0.5 in every 100.
1
47. = 1 ÷ 5 = 0.2, which is 20%. (e) 600% means 12 for every 2.
5
58. The total number of elements in all the
2 regions is 40.
48. = 2 ÷ 5 = 0.4, which is 40%.
5
(a) 6 out of 40 is 15%.
1
49. = 1 ÷ 100 = 0.01, which is 1%. (b) 16 out of 40 is 40%.
100
(c) 6 out of 30 is 20%.
1
50. = 1 ÷ 50 = 0.02, which is 2%.
50 (d) 10 out of 40 is 25%.
3 59. No; if the item is discounted 20%, its new

51. = 3 ÷ 8 = 0.375, which is 37.5%. price is $60 − 0.2 × $60 = $48. Then, if the
8 new price is marked up 20%, the price
becomes $48 + 0.2 × $48 = $57.60.
5 1 1
52. = 5 ÷ 6 = 0.83 , which is 83 %.
6 3 3 2 1 1
60. (a) = = 0.333... = 33 %
6 3 3
3
53. = 3 ÷ 2 = 1.5, which is 150%.
2 2 1
(b) = = 0.25 = 25%
8 4
7
54. = 7 ÷ 4 = 1.75, which is 175%.
4 4
(c) = 0.4 = 40%
10
3 1 1
56. (a) 25% matches letter E,
1
. (d) = = 0.333... = 33 %
4 9 3 3

95 95 69. Using Method 2:

61. (a) Boston: = = 0.586
95 + 67 162 25 150
=
100 x
84 84 25 x = 15000
(b) Tampa Bay: = = 0.519 15000
84 + 78 162 x=
25
75 75 x = 600
(c) Toronto: = = 0.463
75 + 87 162
70. Using Method 2:
12 3600
64 64 =
(d) Baltimore: = = 0.395 100 x
64 + 98 162 12 x = 360000
360000
93 93 x=
62. (a) Philadelphia: = = 0.574 12
93 + 69 162 x = 30, 000.
(b) Atlanta: = = 0.531
86 + 76 162 ( x)(28) = 0.392
0.392
(c) New York Mets: x=
28
70
=
70
= 0.432 x = 0.014
70 + 92 162 x = 1.4%.

(d) Washington: = = 0.364 ( x)(292) = 78.84
59 + 103 162
78.84
x=
63. Using Method 1: (0.26)(480) = 124.8. 292
x = 0.27
64. Using Method 1: (0.38)(12) = 4.56. x = 27%.
65. Using Method 1: (0.105)(28) = 2.94. 73. Find the increase and divide by the original
wage.
66. Using Method 1: (0.486)(19) = 9.234. 11.34 − 10.50 = 0.84
0.84
67. Using Method 2: = 0.08 = 8%
x 45 10.50
= The hourly wage increased by 8%.
100 30
30 x = 4500 74. Find the difference and divide by the
4500 original price.
x=
30 70.00 − 59.50 = 10.50
x = 150%. 10.50
= 0.15 = 15%
68. Using Method 2: 70.00
x 20 The discount was 15%.
=
100 48 75. Find the difference and divide by the
48 x = 2000 original population.
2000 134,953 − 129,798 = 5155
x=
48 5155
x = 41. 6%. = 0.038 = 3.8%
134, 953
The population decreased by 3.8%.

76. Find the increase and divide by the original (c) 0.85 × 9.5 = 8.075; walking (5 mph)
population.
362,340 − 320,391 = 41,949 86. (a) 14.7 − 55 ⋅ 0.11
41, 949
= 0.131 = 13.1% (b) 14.7 − 55 ⋅ 0.11 = 8.65
320, 391
The population increased by 13.1%. (c) 0.85 × 8.65 = 7.3525; swimming
77. Find the difference and divide by the 6200 − 625
original price. 87. × 100 = 8.92 × 100 = 892%
18.98 − 9.97 = 9.01 625
9.01
= 0.475 = 47.5% 1500 − 550 1 1
18.98 88. ×100 = 0.63 × 100 = 63 %
1500 3 3
The discount was 47.5%.
78. Find the difference and divide by the 89. $29.57

original price. 1. Rounded to the nearest dollar, the amount
of the bill is $30.
29.99 − 15.99 = 14
2. 10% of $30 is $3
14
= 0.467 = 46.7% 1
29.99 3. of $3 is $1.50. 3 + 1.50 = $4.50.
2
The discount was 46.7%.
90. $38.32
79. Choice A; the difference between $5 and $4 1. Rounded to the nearest dollar, the amount
1 of the bill is $38.
is $1; $1 compared to the original $4 is
4 2. 10% of $38 is $3.80.
or 25%. 1
3. of $3.80 is $1.90. 3.80 + 1.90 = $5.70.
2
80. Choice D; the difference between $5000 and
$2000 is $3000; 3000 compared to the 91. $5.15
3 1. Rounded to the nearest dollar, the amount
original 5000 is or 60%.
5 of the bill is $5.
2. 10% of $5 is $0.50.
81. Choice C; rounding, the population of 1
Alabama is approximately 4,000,000. About 3. of $0.50 is $0.25. 0.50 + 0.25 = $0.75.
2
25% of this number is
1 92. $7.89
× 4, 000, 000 = 1, 000, 000.
4 1. Rounded to the nearest dollar, the amount
of the bill is $8.
82. Choice A; 20% of 1,200,000 is 240,000. 2. 10% of $8 is $0.80.
1
83. Price increase was 3.25 − 1.35 = 1.90. The 3. of $0.80 is $0.40. 0.80 + 0.40 = $1.20.
2
1.90
percent increase is = 1.41 = 141%.
1.35 93. 59.96 ≈ 60
This value is approximate because we 10% of 60 = 6
estimated the values from the graph. 2 × 6 = $12.00
84. Price decrease was 2.15 − 1.75 = 0.40. The 94. 40.24 ≈ 40
0.40 10% of 40 = 4
percent decrease was = 0.19 = 19%. 2 × 4 = $8.00
2.15
This value is approximate because we
95. 180.43 ≈ 180
estimated the values from the graph.
10% of 180 = 18
85. (a) 14.7 − 40 ⋅ 0.13 2 × 18 = $36.00
(b) 14.7 − 40 ⋅ 0.13 = 9.5

96. 199.86 ≈ 200 13. −16 ⋅ −100 = i 16 ⋅ i 100

10% of 200 = 20
= i 2 ⋅ 4 ⋅10
2 × 20 = $40.00
= 40i 2
97. Writing exercise; answers will vary. = 40(−1)
= −40
EXTENSION: COMPLEX NUMBERS 14. −81 ⋅ −121 = i 81 ⋅ i 121

= 9i ⋅11i
1. −144 = i 144 = 12i = 99i 2
= 99(−1)
2. −196 = i 196 = 14i = −99
3. − −225 = −i 225 = −15i −200 i 200 200

15. = = = 2
−100 i 100 100
4. − −400 = −i 400 = −20i
−50 i 50 50
5. −3 = i 3 16. = = = 25 = 5
−2 i 2 2
6. −19 = i 19
−54 i 54 54
17. = =i = i 9 = 3i
7. −75 = i 25 ⋅ 3 = i 25 ⋅ 3 = 5i 3 6 6 6
8. −125 = i 25 ⋅ 5 = i 25 ⋅ 5 = 5i 5 −90 i 90 90
18. = =i = i 9 = 3i
10 10 10
9. −5 ⋅ −5 = i 5 ⋅ i 5
= i2 5 ⋅ 5 −288 i 288 288
19. = = = 36 = 6
=i 2
25 −8 i 8 8
2
= 5i
= 5(−1) −48 ⋅ −3 i 48 ⋅ i 3
20. =
= −5 −2 i 2
2
i 144
=
10. −3 ⋅ −3 = i 3 ⋅ i 3 i 2
= i2 3 ⋅ 3 144
=i
= i2 9 2
= 3i 2 = i 72
= 3(−1) = i 36 ⋅ 2
= −3 = i 36 ⋅ 2
= 6i 2
11. −9 ⋅ −36 = i 9 ⋅ i 36
= 3i ⋅ 6i
2
21. i8 = i 4 ⋅ i 4 = 1 ⋅1 = 1
= 18i
= 18(−1) 22. i16 = (i 4 )4 = (1)4 = 1
= −18
23. i 42
12. −4 ⋅ −81 = i 4 ⋅ i 81
42 ÷ 4 = 10, with a remainder of 2. This
= 2i ⋅ 9i
means that i 42 = i 2 , which is −1.
= 18i 2
= 18(−1)
= −18
CHAPTER 6 TEST 175
24. i86 (b) True; both sides of the equation are

equal to 7.
means that i86 = i 2 , which is −1. (c) True
25. i 47 (d) False; zero, a real number, is neither

positive nor negative.
means that i 47 = i 3 , which is −i. 4. 62 − 4(9 − 1) = 36 − 4(8) = 36 − 32 = 4
26. i 63 (−8 + 3) − (5 + 10) −5 − 15 −20

5. = = = 10
63 ÷ 4 = 15, with a remainder of 3. This 7−9 −2 −2
means that i 63 = i3 , which is −i.
6. (−3)(−2) − [5 + (8 − 10)] = 6 − [5 + (−2)]
27. i 101 = 6 − [3]
=3
means that i101 = i. 7. (a) Minnesota had the greatest change in
foreclosures. The change was 52.74%.
28. i141
141 ÷ 4 = 35, with a remainder of 1. This (b) Maine had the least change in
141 foreclosures. The change was 10.63%.
means that i = i.
(c) False; |−14.38| < |−14.76|
Chapter 6 Test
(d) True; 4(10.63) = 42.52, and
1. { 3
−4, − 5 , − , − 0.5, 0, 3, 4.1, 12
2 } 42.52 < 52.74.
8. (3852 + 225) − (−1299 + 80) = 5296 feet

(a) The only natural number is 12.
9. (a) $221,900 − $219,000 = $2900
(b) Whole numbers are 0 and 12.
(b) $217,900 − $221,900 = −$4000
(c) Integers are −4, 0, and 12.
(c) $196,600 − $217,900 = −$21,300
3
(d) Rational numbers are −4, − , −0.5, 0, (d) $177,500 − $196,600 = −$19,100
2
4.1, and 12. 10. (a) E, Associative property
(e) Irrational numbers are − 5 and 3. (b) A, Distributive property
(f) All the numbers in the set are real (c) B, Identity property
numbers.
(d) D, Commutative property
2. (a) C
(e) F, Inverse property
(b) B
(f) C, Closure property
(c) D
11. (a) Whitney made 4 out of 6 and McElwain
(d) A made 6 out of 7, which are more than
1
3. (a) False; the absolute value of a number is .
2
always nonnegative; the absolute value
of zero is zero.

(b) Moura made 13 out of 40; because 13 18. (a) 10 is irrational because it cannot be
out of 39 would be 13, this is just less written as the ratio of two integers.
1
than . Dawking made 2 out of 7;
3 (b) 16 is rational. Its value is 4, which
1 4
because 2 out of 6 would be , this is can be written as .
3 1
1
just less than . 1
3 (c) 0.01 = , a rational number.
100
(c) Whitney made 4 out of 6, which is the
same ratio as 2 out of 3. 1
(d) 0.01 can be converted to , a rational
99
(d) Pritchard made 4 out of 10; Miller made number.
8 out of 20.
4 8 2 (e) 0.0101101110... is an irrational number.
= =
10 20 5
(f) π is irrational because it cannot be
(e) McElwain (“J-Mac”), with written as the ratio of two integers.
6 completions out of 7 attempts, had the
greatest fractional part of shots made. 19. (a) 150 ≈ 12.24744871
3 1 3 1 8 3 8 11 (b) 150 = 25 ⋅ 6 = 5 6
12. + = + ⋅ = + =
16 2 16 2 8 16 16 16
13
20. (a) ≈ 4.913538149
9 3 9 8 3 5 72 15 57 7
13. − = ⋅ − ⋅ = − =
20 32 20 8 32 5 160 160 160
13 7 13 7 13 7
3 ⎛ 16 ⎞ 48 2 ⋅ 24 2 (b) ⋅ = =
14. ⋅⎜ − ⎟ = − =− =− 7 7 49 7
8 ⎝ 15 ⎠ 120 5 ⋅ 24 5
21. (a) 2 32 − 5 128 ≈ −45.254834
7 14 7 27 7 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 9 3
15. ÷ = ⋅ = =
9 27 9 14 7 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 9 2 (b) 2 32 − 5 128 = 2 16 ⋅ 2 − 5 64 ⋅ 2
= 2 ⋅ 4 2 − 5⋅8 2
9
16. (a) = 0.45 = 8 2 − 40 2
20
= −32 2
5
(b) = 0.416 22. Writing exercise; answers may vary.
12
23. (a) 4.6 + 9.21 = 13.81
72 4 ⋅18 18
17. (a) 0.72 = = =
100 4 ⋅ 25 25 (b) 12 − 3.725 − 8.59 = −.315
(b) 0.58 (c) 86(0.45) = 38.7
Let x = 0.58. (d) 236.439 ÷ (−9.72) = −24.3

100 x = 58.585858...
− x = 0.585858... 24. (a) 9.04
99 x = 58
(b) 9.045
58
x=
99

CHAPTER 6 TEST 177
25. (a) 0.185(90) = 16.65 27. Choice D; since $300,000 is 100%,

$600,000 is 200%, and $900,000 is 300% of
145 x the original value.
(b) =
100 70
100 x = 10150 28. 0.69(2400) = 1656
0.42(2400) = 1008
10150
x= x ⋅ 2400 = 384
100 384
x = 101.5 x=
2400
2 2 x = 0.16 = 16%
26. (a) 4 out of 15; 4 ÷ 15 = 0.26 = 26 % x ⋅ 2400 = 144
3 3
144
x=
2 2 2400
(b) 10 out of 15; 10 ÷ 15 = 0.66 = 66 % x = 0.06 = 6%
3 3
29. 11.7% of 148,847,000 = 0.117 × 148847000
≈ 17, 415, 000
30. The funding changed by the amount

−7.9 − 5.9 = −13.8 (billion dollars).

Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
regeneration stemming from the fixed impulses of the
integrocalculators, must in time run down. For one brief instant he
forgot the Father's constant warning that he must not put his trust in
miracles, and it seemed possible that these lost continents could go
on as they were, unguided, automatically, until their retrogressive
doom in time left these glistening corridors only the moist warm
droplets of the primal ooze.
And was that actually so terrible? Might as well feel pity for bacteria
as for these mindless creatures. But then, in New York, there had
been that Son who had recalled a female of the masses who had
fought to keep her child. And that Son had remembered it as
beautiful.
However dim, perhaps not sharper than the anguish of a wobbly
tooth, the anguish of the soul was not yet gone from them. And on
that anguish he could build.
"This is the shaft," the Son beside him said.
So O'Hara and Nedra and their child ascended once more to the
surface above Emporia and went across the multi-hued coiling of the
photosynthetrons and again upon that long march into the upland
valleys. And there the Son turned back.
"Good-by," O'Hara called to him.
The Son stood silently. His weak eyes focused for a moment, then
he shook his head. "But you will be returning," he said. "The Father
frees you for a purpose that is known to him. When you have
achieved it, he will send us again to take you back to him."
"You do believe that, don't you?" said O'Hara. "You do believe—"
But the Son was gone.
For the next five days O'Hara and Nedra and the child wandered
higher into the mountains. And the beauty of growing things, the
trees that soared toward the intense blue skies, and the soft thick
mosses and grass beneath their feet, and the birds that fluttered
suddenly off when they approached, and the frogs and insects that
hopped away or crawled from under rocks, the bite of the wind that
came whining down the far white slopes ahead, the gaggle of water
searching its path through pebbles, the heat of a true sun in the
heavens, all these—and freedom from oppressive walls and more
oppressive destiny—awakened them slowly from the long timeless
stupor of the lowlands. Nor did they know how deeply, if how
troubled they had slept.
"I am hungry," said Nedra.
"I shall hunt for food."
"You have forgotten how to do it."
"An empty belly is a rapid teacher."
"But what will teach you to become a man again?"
"That too I shall learn," O'Hara laughed. He had not laughed for
months.
The third night of their wandering it snowed, and they took refuge
underneath a ledge of granite, and Nedra toiled for hours with dry
bark and some twigs until she had a fire. But a very small fire.
"I am cold now," she said accusingly.
"I shouldn't wonder," said O'Hara. "The fact is, Nedra, you've got to
put on some clothes. Which means, I'm sure, that I shall have to get
to providing them. I had forgotten what a chore it is to be a husband
in this world."
The snow did not stop. On the fourth day of it O'Hara shot a giant
timber wolf. Its flesh was coarse and its hide, when they had baked it
out, had an amazing stench, but Nedra fashioned it into a sort of
kirtle, not so expertly made as that which had concealed her sex the
first time that O'Hara saw her, but serviceable.
"Beyond the Curtain," he said, "men buy perfumes for their women,
but I doubt, Nedra, that any ever bought a perfume such as this."
"You do not think that I am beautiful in this?"
But it had been a long day's climb and O'Hara was weary. He did not
feel that he was in the best of shape for battle. "Yes, Nedra,
beautiful," he sighed, and for this night at least she let him lie a
coward.
On the sixth day, as they were trudging slowly upward along a snow-
drifted trail, the brush ahead of them parted suddenly and from it
stepped the gaunt, commanding figure of the clansmen's Elder, his
Colt aimed menacingly at O'Hara's breast.
But Nedra said, "Is this the way you welcome us? Where are the
others of the clan?"
And they came out of hiding along the trail behind the Elder.
It was not a time for conversation. The Elder now turned his back
upon them and began to lead the way, and the clansmen closed in
quickly around them, and together at a trot they proceeded along the
trail toward the sandy chasm.
In the days that followed, with Nedra reigning placidly once more
within the deep gloom of the cavern, O'Hara prepared himself for
what he knew must follow. Now that he was free, now that he felt
himself again a factor in his destiny, he was reluctant. It was the
Elder who at last convinced him, after hearing one night the strange
abominations of the lowlands.
"It is a time of strange things," said the Elder cautiously. "I too have
heard and seen strange things since you were with us. Do you recall
the day you vanished in the valley? Those of us who escaped the
Degraded continued on until we reached the lake that had the black
water. In time we returned here with it, and made the long copper
pots that you designed upon the walls of the cavern—"
"Oh, yes, the still for refracting petroleum."
"—and then we prepared the water that you wished, the colorless
water, to give to the flying thing. We wished despite your absence to
send it into the air. We took the colorless water in jars and we placed
the jars before the flying thing and waited. And presently we heard a
voice that spoke the way you spoke when you first came to us. Again
and again, as a wolf calls for its missing whelp, it called for you:
'O'Hara—O'Hara—come in, O'Hara! This is Tournant calling, this is
Wrangell calling—can you come in, O'Hara?'"
"Tournant!"
"The voice kept saying that. Yet there was no one in the flying thing,
no man to speak these words to you."
"Of course! Of course! A voice—the wireless—speaking through
three thousand miles of space. And through the Curtain."
"Is this not strange, O'Hara?"
But O'Hara seized his arm. "The voice! The craft! And you took the
fuel there? Then I—I can fly again!"
It was that overwhelming yearning to be taking off again that sent
him rushing to the cavern.
"Nedra!" And when she turned. "I'm going to fly again."
She wiped the baby's mouth. She rubbed her hands together slowly,
with sand between them, to rid them of the fat of a wild fowl she was
roasting. She placed a log upon the smoldering fire.
"Where will you fly?" she asked.
"Does it matter, Nedra?"
"Yes."
"All right, I shall go straight up as long as the motors will push me,
and then I shall circle around as a condor might do it, and I'll feel like
a condor, too, a king of the skies—"
"I am going with you."
That sobered him up. And he took her hands: "There is a chance,
always a chance, that the flying thing will fall. And the baby, Nedra,
your child—our child?"
"The baby is the clan's. But I, O'Hara, am yours."
"But Nedra, if I—well, if I don't come back to these mountains—?"
"Ah." She smiled. "I knew!" And clenched the ceremonial warclub
and advanced.
It was the Elder who managed things. At dawn they departed, the
men and the younger women of the clan going swiftly upward
through the heavy snowdrifts and O'Hara with Nedra trotting grimly
among them until at last they reached that upland meadow where he
had first set his craft down on the continent. The craft—and the jars
of fuel—waited there.
Nedra got into the cockpit. Then O'Hara directed the task of clearing
a runway through the snow. When they had finished, O'Hara climbed
in, touched his instruments very carefully, then touched them in
earnest and felt the living throb of motors. They coughed and then
died.
"Once more," he whispered to himself.
This time they roared.
The Elder flung himself face down into the snow. The younger
clansmen scattered. O'Hara shook his fist at them. The craft shot
forward. Before it reached the wall of trees it knifed into the sky.
For some minutes O'Hara was too busy with the glory of his wings,
driving higher, soaring, to observe that Nedra had now shut her
eyes. The ticking of his scintillometer broke in upon his absorption
finally, its milliroentgen count a steady .285. Then he heard a more
staccato clicking, and it was Nedra.
"Here, your teeth are chipping. Take this jacket, Nedra."
He pulled it off. And the metal book that he had taken from the library
in Washington dropped onto his knees. He closed his eyes, and
when he opened them, he flicked wide the covers. Upon the single
sheet of bright magnesium was this:
"December 20, 12:35:01 P.M. Save for these ten seconds, only you
can do it."
Nedra called his name but he did not hear her. His mind was working
like an exquisitely refined machine. He was counting, squeezing the
fractional lost months and weeks and days and hours, the minutes
and seconds of the past twelve months into a pattern, calculating
time, estimating his position by the daytime pinpoints of the stars.
"O'Hara, O'Hara! Our mountains have vanished—"
December 20—and precisely at 12:35:01 P.M.—and for the ensuing
ten seconds.
Sweat poured from his body. Infinitesimal memories arranged
themselves. He could not be certain. But then he could never be
certain again on this side of the Curtain. To the day, yes! And to the
hour and possibly quite close to the minute—but never to the
second! He would have to feel his way into it, watching his
milliroentgen count, and if the Curtain was there, he would have to
turn back. Yet this fuel would not last him back from the Curtain to
Nedra's mountains. It would be a chance—a frightful chance.
"O'Hara, tell me—"
"We're going through the Curtain, Nedra."
And she nodded somberly.
At fifty thousand feet O'Hara leveled off. As he accelerated past two
thousand miles an hour he checked and re-checked his calculations
of the day and hour. His problem, as he analyzed it, was to reach the
Curtain before 12:35:01 P.M., and to continue swinging into it and
away from it until—at the miraculous proper moment—his
scintillometer reading dropped below the danger point, and then,
upon the inward arc of his ellipse of flying, to smash through.
It would be best to approach first in a dive from his maximum
altitude, at his maximum speed. It was true that he might thus smash
into the Curtain before the ten-second interval in which it did not
exist, during the changing of the reactors, but at least this time he
would know what he was about to do—he would not be senseless
from a bolt of lightning.
This was his plan. And it worked.
It shot him back across the Arctic, deep into Asia, deep into the
hemisphere of Delhi, Rome and Paris and the Twelve Old Men of
Geneva.
"You've got to have luck for anything like that," O'Hara admitted.
"The luck of a Columbus. Would you have bet on us?"
He laughed, then he corked the bottle. There would be no more
tippling in that little flat in Bloomsbury.
"I would not bet against your luck, O'Hara."
"But there was more than luck to it," he answered. "For I was
beginning to learn the most difficult of the arts—to think. The Father
had taught me how to start learning. Ninety-nine hundredths of the
best motor you and I have got is never used—ninety-nine
hundredths of each of our brains lies idle. Perhaps in Washington I
learned to use another hundredth. At least I had begun to learn how
to learn, and once that has begun no problem can remain insoluble."
"Almost the words of the Father," I pointed out.
"Yes, almost the words of the Father. And if you link them with the
words I found in that magnesium book—the words I forgot in my
extreme concentration upon the matter of the ten seconds in which
the Curtain would not be before me—if you recall those words—"
"Only you can do it," I quoted.
"—then you know why I am here tonight," he said. "Do you think I'd
desert them?"
"Desert whom, O'Hara? Your son?"
"Yes," he said, "my son—and the Son who remembered a woman of
the masses who had fought to keep her child, that Son who had died
for thinking it was beautiful and the tens of thousands of others now
shambling dully through those subterranean corridors, their bellies
full, without anxiety as we know it, yet haunted—dimly haunted by
the memory of love. For Stephen Bryce told me that tyranny is in
essence not the existence of a tyrant, but the debased minds of the
people, and it is their lost faculty of love that most debases them. Of
course I'm going back to them. Do you know a comparable
challenge?"
"We have a challenge here," I insisted. "The deserts of China and
Africa, the hunger of our billions. What you have learned—and what
you know of guiding us—can end all that."
"Are you trying to convince me?" he smiled, and took my hand.
"Listen carefully, Arthur Blair—tonight I am returning through the
Curtain. Don't ask me how, for I have told you, the words in that
magnesium book, the moment when the Father died in Washington
—I am going back! I know I am going back despite all that the
Twelve Old Men and their Security Bureau may attempt. I shall be
there in Washington tomorrow. I will have much to do, and for the
next three months you will not hear from me. But when those three
months end my voice will come to you, not on a screen that blinds
you with its incandescence—by wireless, Arthur Blair. I shall be
speaking for the Western Hemisphere to you and all these billions.
For you need us. And we so desperately need you. My voice will
come through the Curtain, and when I am finished speaking there
will be no Curtain. I will have lifted it forever.
"We can save our two worlds, Arthur, but it won't be easy. The
Twelve Old Men, those timid guardians of the past, are going to fight
you. You must fight back, and fast—inform the peoples. Give them
the facts, the dangers most of all. Don't raise false dreams, for
nothing is accomplished without sweating. Yes, you have got your
work cut out for you, Arthur—and only you can do it!"
He freed my hand. He stooped, and when he rose again, he held the
ceremonial club tight in his hand.
"I'm going to open that door," he said, "and for just one instant you'll
see the most magnificent woman on this earth. Then out you go, old
boy! Stand back—stand back!"
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ATOM
CURTAIN ***
Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will
be renamed.
Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S.

copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in
these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it
in the United States without permission and without paying copyright
royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of
this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept
and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and
may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the
terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of
the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for
copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very
easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as
creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research.
Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given
away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with
eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject
to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.
START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free

distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or
any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.
Section 1. General Terms of Use and

Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree
to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your
possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be
bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from
the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in
paragraph 1.E.8.
1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be

used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people
who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a
few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic
works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.
See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with
Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this
agreement and help preserve free future access to Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the
collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the
individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the
United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in
the United States and you are located in the United States, we do
not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing,
performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the
work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of
course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™
mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely
sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name
associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of
this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its
attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without
charge with others.
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also
govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most
countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the
United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms
of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying,
performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this
work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes
no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in
any country other than the United States.
1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other

immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must
appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™
work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or
with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is
accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived

from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a
notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright
holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the
United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must
comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through
1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project
Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted

with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted
with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of
this work.
1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project

Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a
part of this work or any other work associated with Project
Gutenberg™.
1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this

electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg™ License.
1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form,
including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you
provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work
in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in
the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means
of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain
Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the
full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,

performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing

access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
provided that:
• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the
method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The
fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty
payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on
which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your
periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked
as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information
about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation.”
• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who

notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that
s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™
License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and
discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project
Gutenberg™ works.
• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of

any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in
the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90
days of receipt of the work.
• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.
1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™

electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of
the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set
forth in Section 3 below.
1.F.
1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend

considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe
and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating
the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may
be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to,
incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a
copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or
damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer
codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.
1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except

for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph
1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner
of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party
distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this
agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and
expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO
REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF
WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE
FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY
DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE
TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL,
PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE
NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you

discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it,
you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by
sending a written explanation to the person you received the work
from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must
return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity
that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a
replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work
electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to
give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in
lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may
demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the
problem.
1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in
paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied

warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted
by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the
Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the
Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any
volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution
of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability,
costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or
indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur:
(a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b)
alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project
Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
Section 2. Information about the Mission of

Project Gutenberg™
Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.
It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and
donations from people in all walks of life.
Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the

assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a
secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future
generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help,
see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at
www.gutenberg.org.
Section 3. Information about the Project

Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.
The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West,

Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up
to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website
and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact
Section 4. Information about Donations to

the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without
widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can
be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the
widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small
donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax
exempt status with the IRS.
The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating

charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and
keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in
locations where we have not received written confirmation of
compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of
compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.
While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where

we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no
prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in
such states who approach us with offers to donate.
International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make

any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of
other ways including checks, online payments and credit card
donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.
Section 5. General Information About Project

Gutenberg™ electronic works
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be
freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of
volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed

editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.
Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.
This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,

including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how
to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.

(Download PDF) Mathematical Ideas 12th Edition Miller Solutions Manual Full Chapter

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

(Download PDF) Mathematical Ideas 12th Edition Miller Solutions Manual Full Chapter

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mathematical Ideas 12th Edition Miller

Mathematical Ideas 12th Edition Miller Test Bank

Mathematical Ideas 13th Edition Miller Solutions Manual

Mathematical Ideas 13th Edition Miller Test Bank

Mathematical Statistics with Applications 7th Edition

Mathematical Applications for the Management Life and

Understanding Politics Ideas Institutions and Issues

Horngrens Accounting The Managerial Chapters 12th

Mathematical Excursions 4th Edition Aufmann Solutions

7. It is true that every natural number is 20. −31,841

8. Every whole number is not positive. Zero is 22. −8

12. (a) 3 (c) False; |5.2| < |5.6|

(b) 0, 3 (d) True; 4(3.0) = 12.0, and 13.4 > 12.0.

(c) −5, −1, 0, 3 25.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley

(b) Absolute value is 0.

28. (a) Additive inverse is 0.

(b) Absolute value is 0.

(b) Absolute value is 6. 51. |5 − 3| = |2| = 2; |6 − 2| = |4| = 4

35. 7 − 4 = 3 54. −8 > −(−2) is a false statement because

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley

61. −|−5| ≥ −|−9| is true because −5 ≥ −9. 6.2 Exercises

22. −5(−17)(2)(−2)4 = −1360

−18 2(−5 + 3) (−32 + 2)(3)

0 2(−5) + (−3)(−22 ) −10 + (−3)(−4)

35. −8(−2) − [(42 ) + (7 − 3)] = 16 − [16 + (4)] 42.

(−6 + 3) ⋅ (−4) (−3) ⋅ (−4) 12 43. Division by zero is undefined, so A, B, and

45. Commutative property of addition

46. Commutative property of multiplication

47. Inverse property of addition

48. Identity property of addition

49. Identity property of multiplication

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley

(c) The inverse of increasing the volume on 69. −34 = −81

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley

70. −(34 ) = −81 2010: $916 − 710 = $206 billion.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley

98. $219,000 − $195,200 = $23,800 8 8 ⋅1 1

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley

15. These are the dots in the intersection of the 5 3 7 4 15 28 43

18. Writing exercise; answers will vary.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley

⎛1 1⎞ 5 ⎛1 2⎞ 5 (c) Number from Europe:

(b) Latin America or Asia:

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley

75. Using the consecutive integers 6 and 7. 8

76. Writing exercise; answers will vary. 8

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley

99. (a) Let x = 0 .8 4. Irrational

(b) Let x = 0.799999... 718 2718

100. (a) Let x = 0.75 8. 0.32, a rational number; use Example 9

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley

(b) Based on the result of part (a), we can 5 5 6

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley

39. 5 7 − 7 = (5 − 1) 7 = 4 7 47. 355 ÷ 113 = 3.1415929, which agrees with

42. 2 48 − 3 = 2 16 ⋅ 3 − 3 52. The string 999999 begins at position 762,

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley

66. (a) The semiperimeter,

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley

(b) The semiperimeter, 75. 3 216 = 6

862 6.5 Exercises