ESTIMATION REPORT

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Before venturing into the different types of earthwork modeling calculations, it’s beneficial to
obtain a firm understanding of the terminology used in earthwork excavation.

a) Earthwork
Used primarily in engineering projects where the result is created via the “moving
and/or processing of massive quantities of soil or unformed rock. Earthwork is done
to
reconfigure the topography of a site to achieve the design levels. Earthwork involves
cutting and filling to achieve the required topography.”
b) Cutting
Acquiring desired topography via exporting earth material from the work site.
c) Filling
Acquiring desired topography via importing earth material into the work site. Based
on the last earthwork project we are required to calculate the cost of the earthwork
process and proposed solution in reducing the cost of the initial earthwork project.
We need to estimate the cost and find the value of engineering for this project and
order to reduce the amount of cost.

Our earthwork process is divided into:

i. Site clearance
ii. Cut work
iii. Fill work

We calculate the cost for each of the process separately. Site clearance is a process where we
clear the area from tree sand clear all irrespective of girth, undergrowth creepers, bushes and
any other obstruction including grubbing up root sand stump. Finally, the cut and fill process
are conducted where the soil is excavated at desired proposed level and fill where area is
filled with soil at desired proposed level.
2.0 PRELIMINARIES

Preliminaries in construction is cost and item for work that are necessary to complete the
project, but it is not part of the finished work. It allows contractor to assess costs which,
whilst they do not form a part of any of the packages of works required by the contract, are
required by the method and circumstances of the works.

Preliminaries are directly related to the operation and administration of the construction site
can include any expected costs incurred before and throughout the project related to running
and managing the construction site.

Prelims cover materials, labor, equipment, and services. They can be paid as one-time-only
costs or ongoing costs that will last the length of the project. Everything is included in the
prelims, from ensuring that the work site has an electricity supply to getting the right council
permits to providing the site has security.

Each construction job will have its own quirky and unique requirements, so it’s impossible to
develop a ‘one size fits all’ template. However, some generalizations can be made when
working out what are preliminaries in construction projects.

Usually, preliminary costs are categorized as follows:

 Initial costs
 Ongoing costs
 Final costs

Preliminaries item that included bill of quantities:

 Project Signboard
 Construction Plan (Work programmed)
 Temporary water supply
 Contractor's Temporary Accommodation and Facilities for Workmen Living on
Site
 Contractor's Office and Storage
 Progress Report and Photographs
 Office Accommodation for S.O.
 Site Items for S.O. / Office Equipment and Facilities
 Transportation
3.0 TYPE OF MACHINERY

Plant can be defined as equipment that are used to perform an industrial activity while in
construction industry it refers to heavy equipment and machinery used in construction
activities.

a) Excavator ( KOMATSU PC400LC-7 )

Description :
 An excavator is a heavy construction machine used for digging and moving large
objects. Excavators are used for heavy-duty jobs like trenching, demolition, mining,
and land clearing. They have longer armed and can dig deeper than a backhoe.
Excavators also provide more digging functionality because they can turn on their cab
a full 360 degrees.
 Excavators are known for their efficiency, and they can handle large amounts of
material in a short amount of time. They also have high-powered hydraulic systems
that allow them to work quickly and efficiently, reducing the amount of time and
labor required for a project.

Specification :
Operating Weight 44,190 kg
Fuel Capacity 651.1L
Width 3.2 m3
Average speed 0.02517 hour
Justification :
 We choose this machine because it has already stated in CIDB Malaysia Machineries
Rate and Hire Purchase Price(APPENDICES(a), thus it is much easier to obtain the
rental price.
 It is also a hydraulic excavator which is very efficient to use at hill area rather than
wheeled excavator.
 The machine has bigger capacity that result in higher daily output. Thus, it can reduce
the consumption of fuel and reducing the cost.

b) Bulldozer ( KOMATSUD375A-5 )

Description :
 Bulldozer, powerful machine for pushing earth or rocks, used in road building,
farming, construction, and wrecking; it consists of a heavy, broad steel blade or plate
mounted on the front of a tractor.
 One of the biggest advantages of using a bulldozer on a construction site is its speed
and efficiency. With its powerful engine and large blade, a bulldozer can move
massive amounts of earth and debris in a short amount of time. This saves
construction companies time and money, as well as reduces the amount of labor
required for a project.
Specification :
Operating Weight 69,560 kg
Fuel Capacity 1,050L
Width 4,695 mm
Average speed 2.4 – 3.2 km/hour

Justification :
 We choose this machine because it has already stated in CIDB Malaysia Machineries
Rate and Hire Purchase Price(APPENDICES(a), thus it is much easier to obtain the
rental price.
 The machine has bigger capacity that result in higher daily output. Thus, it can
reduce the consumption of fuel and reducing the cost.

c) Dump Truck (XCMG 5650 - 45 TONNE )

Description :
 A dump truck is a truck with an open container at the back that can be raised at an
angle so that its load falls out. It is also known as a dumping truck, dump trailer,
dumper trailer, dump lorry, or dumper lorry.
  Dump trucks are used to transport materials such as dirt, gravel, demolition waste,
and coal for construction. They are the safest way to quickly transport loose materials
from a construction site, especially in the early phases of a project.

Specification :
Operating 45,000 kg
Fuel Capacity 400L
Capacity 5.8 x 3.0 x1.6 = 27.84 m3

Justification :
 We choose this machine because it has already stated in CIDB Malaysia Machineries
Rate and Hire Purchase Price (APPENDICES(a),thus it is much easier to obtain the
rental price.
 The machine has bigger capacity that result in higher daily output. Thus, it can reduce
the consumption of fuel and reducing the cost.

d) Vibrator Soil Compactor ( CATERPILLARCS533E )

Description :
 A roller compactor is a type of engineering vehicle used to compact materials like
soil, gravel, concrete, and asphalt. They are also known as road rollers or rollers.

Specification :
Operating Weight 10,840 kg
Fuel Capacity 200L
 Drum Width 2.134m
Average speed 10km/hour

Justification :
 We had decided to buy this machine because it has effective capacity that can be used
in any project in the future including the current project.

3.1 SUMMARY OF MACHINERY

Detail and specification stated below is based on 1 unit of each machinery. All activity
planned to use different number of the machinery based on the type of activity or quantity of
the activity. The summary of the machinery for every activity are as follows :

3 nos of Excavator
Clear the site of all trees (irrespective of girth)
undergrowth creeper, lallang, shrubs, bushes, 5 nos of Dump Truck
rubbish, debris and any other obstruction 848,423.45 m² to clear from site
including grubbing up roots and stumps and cart
away from site to Contractor's own dump. 8 Person/ Workers/ Hour

3 nos of Excavator
Excavate top soil average 150mm deep, load and 4 nos of Dump Truck
transport to temporary filling area.
127,263.518 m³ to excavate
7 Person/Workers/Hour

3 nos of Excavator
Excavation of earth materials to make up levels 4 nos of Dump Truck
to the final requisite formation level as shown
on the Engineer's drawings . 127,263.518 m³ to excavate
7 Person/Workers/Hour

2 nos of Excavator
Fill and spread selected excavated materials to
make up levels to the final requisite formation 4 nos of Dump Truck
level as shown on the Engineer's drawings in 2 nos of Bulldozer
layers and graded each layer compacted.
2 nos of Compactor
2,820,370.40 m³ to fill & spread
 10 Person/Workers/Hour

1 no of Excavator
Imported earth from contractor's own source
within 10km from site including unloading in 1 no of Dump Truck
filling arears. 1 no of Bulldozer
1 no of Compactor
9.04 m³ to be imported
4 Person/Workers/Hour

4.0 TAKING OFF QUANTITY

‘Taking Off’ in a project context typically refers to the process of estimating or quantifying
materials and resources needed for a project. It involves reviewing plans, specifications, and
other project details to create a comprehensive list of items for cost estimation. This process
helps in understanding the scope and requirement, facilitating accurate project budgeting and
planning.

To perform a ‘taking off’ for a construction or project estimate, follow these general steps :

i. Review Project Documents : Examine project drawings, specifications, and any

relevant documentation to understand the scope and requirements.
ii. Itemize Components : Breakdown the project into its components such as materials,
labor, equipment, and other resources.
iii. Measurement : Measure and quantify the quantities of materials needed based on the
project specifications and drawings. This can include linear measurements, area
calculations, volume assessments, etc.
iv. Unit Cost Assignment : Assign unit costs to each item or component based on
market rates, historical data, or supplier quotes.
v. Summation : Multiply the quantities by their respective unit costs and up to get the
total estimates cost for each component. sum the project.
vi. Contingency : Add the contingency factor to account for unforeseen circumstances
or changes in the project.
vii. Markup : Apply a markup percentage to the total estimated cost to cover overhead
and profit.
viii. Final Estimate : Sum up all the costs, including contingency and markup, to arrive at
the final project estimate.

Accuracy and attention to detail are crucial in this process. It’s also beneficial to seek input
from experts or use specialized estimating software to enhance precision.
5.0 BUILT UP RATE

A built-up rate is a comprehensive unit rate that includes various components such as
materials, labor, overheads, and profit. It is commonly used in construction and project
management for estimating the cost of a task or unit of work. This rate is built up by
combining different cost elements to provide a more inclusive and simplified pricing
structure. The formula for a built-up rate is the total cost divided by quantity or unit of
measurement.

To create a built-up rate for construction project, follow these steps :

i. Understand Project Scope : Review project plans, specifications, and any relevant
documentation to understand the scope of work.
ii. Identify Components : Break down the project into various components such as
materials, labor, overhead costs, and profit.
iii. Quantify Quantity : Measure and quantify the amounts of materials and resources
needed for each component based on project specifications.
iv. Determine Unit Cost : Assign unit costs to each component. This can be based on
market rates, historical data, supplier quotes, or your organization’s cost data.
v. Calculate Total Cost : Multiply the quantities by their respective unit costs to get the
total cost for each component.
vi. Include Overhead : Add overhead costs, which may include indirect cost such as
supervision, equipment, insurance, etc.
vii. Incorporate Profit Margin : Apply a profit margin to the total cost to cover the
desired level of profitability.
viii. Summation : Sum up all the costs, including overheads and profit, for all
components.
ix. Define Unit of Measurement : Determine the appropriate unit of measurement for
built-up rate (e.g., per square meter, per cubic yard, etc.)
x. Calculate Built-Up Rate : Divide the total cost by the quantity or unit of
measurement to obtain the built-up rate.
It's important to note that build-up rates may vary depending on project-specific factors, such
as project location, complexity, scale, and market conditions. Therefore, it is crucial to update
and validate build-up rates regularly to ensure accuracy and reflect current market conditions.

5.1 DETAILS OF BUILT-UP RATE

5.1.1 BUILD-UP RATE : SITE CLEARING

Clear the site of all trees (irrespective of girth)
undergrowth creepers, lallang, shrubs, bushes,
rubbish, debris and any other obstruction including
grubbing up roots and stumps and cart away
from site to contractor's own dump. (m 2)

Machinery cost (Rental)

Working hours per day = 8.00 hours

Workers RM 120/Day (Lampiran JKH ) = RM 120 Per day
Rental for dump truck (5 tonne) of capacity 3.25m3 = RM 850.00 1 no
(Including cost of operator and fuel)
Capacity of 1 dump truck 19.00 m3/ hour
Total Rental for 5 dump truck = RM 4,250.00 per day
Total Machinery cost = RM 531.25 per day
Total Workers cost X 5 = RM 600.00 Per day
Total Machinery cost + Total Workers cost + RM 1,131.25 Per day
Cost per m3 = RM 59.54 per m3
Cost Profit and Overhead (+20% ) = RM 11.91 per m3
Total Cost of excavation for per m3 = RM 71.45 per m3

Capacity of 1 excavator = 97.92 m3/ hour

Rental excavator of capacity 1.19m3 = RM 830.00 1 no
(Including cost of operator and fuel)

Total Rental for 3 excavators = RM 2,490.00 per day

Total Machinery cost = RM 311.25 per day
Total Workers cost x 3 RM 360.00 Per day
Total Machinery cost + Total Workers cost + RM 671.26 Per day
Cost per m3 = RM 6.86 per m3
 Cost Profit and Overhead (+20% ) = RM 1.37 per m3
Total Cost of excavation for per m3 = RM 8.23 per m3

Total Cost of site clearing for 1m² = RM 79.68

5.1.2 BUILD-UP RATE : EXCAVATION OF TOP

SOIL
Strip top soil with turf to a depth not exceeding
150mm thk.

Machinery cost (Rental)

Working hours per day = 8.00 hours

Capacity of 1 excavator = 97.92 m3/ hour
Strip top soil not exceeding 150mm thk. = 127,263.52 M2
Rental excavator of capacity 1.19m3 = RM 830.00 1 nos
(Including cost of operator and fuel)

Total Rental for 3 excavators = RM 2,490.00 per day

Total Machinery cost = RM 311.25 per day
Total Workers cost x 3 = RM 360.00 Per day
Total Machinery cost + Total Workers cost + RM 671.25 Per day
Cost per m3 = RM 6.85 per m3
Cost Profit and Overhead (+20% ) = RM 1.37 per m3
Total Cost of excavation for per m3 = RM 8.22 per m3
Strip top soil not exceeding 150mm thk. RM 1.23 per m2

5.1.3 BUILD-UP RATE : CUT WORK

Excavate in earth material from original ground
level

Machinery cost (Rental)

Working hours per day == RM 8.00 hours

Per day
Capacity of 1 excavator = 97.92 m3/ hour
Rental excavator of capacity 1.19m3 = RM 830.00 1 nos
(Including cost of operator and fuel)
Total Rental for 3 excavators = RM 2490.00 Per day
Total Machinery cost = RM 311.25 per day
Total Workers cost x 3 360.00
Total Machinery cost + Total Workers cost + RM 671.25 Per day
Cost per m3 = RM 6.86 per m3
Cost Profit and Overhead (+20% ) = RM 1.37 per m3
Total Cost of excavation for per m3 = RM 8.23 per m3
(Machine + labor + fuel)

5.1.4 BUILD-UP RATE : FILL WORK

Filling with excavated material

Machinery cost (Rental)

Working hours per day = 8.00 hours

Worker /day = 120.00 Per day
Rental for dump truck (5 tonne) of capacity 3.25m3 = RM 850.00 1 nos
(Including cost of operator and fuel)
Capacity of 1 dump truck 19.00 m3/ hour
Total Rental for 2 dump truck = RM 1,700.00 per day
Total Machinery cost = RM 212.50 per day
Total Workers cost x 2 = RM 240.00 Per day
Total Machinery cost + Total Workers cost + RM 452.50 Per day
Cost per m3 = RM 23.82 per m3
Cost Profit and Overhead (+20% ) = RM 4.76 per m3
Total Cost of excavation for per m3 = RM 28.58 per m3

Rental for bulldozer of capacity 2.2m3 = RM 710.00 1 nos

(Including cost of operator and fuel)
Capacity of 1 bulldozer 558.60 m3/ hour
Total Rental for 2 bulldozers = RM 1,420.00 per day
Total Machinery cost = RM 177.50 per day
Total Workers cost x 2 = RM 240.00 Per day
Total Machinery cost + Total Workers cost + RM 417.50 Per day
Cost per m3 = RM 0.75 per m3
Cost Profit and Overhead (+20% ) = RM 0.15 per m3
Total Cost of excavation for per m3 = RM 0.90 per m3

Rental for compacter (Roller 8 tonnes) = RM 970.00

(Including cost of operator and fuel)
Capacity of 1 compacter (Roller 8 tonnes) 97.92 m3/ hour
Total Rental for 1 compacter (Roller 8 tonnes) = RM 970.00 per day
Total Machinery cost = RM 121.25 per day
Total Workers cost x 1 = RM 120.00 Per day
Total Machinery cost + Total Workers cost + RM 241.25 Per day
Cost per m3 = RM 2.46 per m3
Cost Profit and Overhead (+20% ) = RM 0.49 per m3
Total Cost of excavation for per m3 = RM 2.95 per m3
R
Total Cost of filling material for per m3 = 32.43 per m3
M

5.1.5 BUILD-UP RATE : FILL WORK

Filling with imported material
Machinery cost (Rental)

Working hours per day = 8.00 hours

Worker /day = 120.00 Per day
Rental for dump truck (5 tonne) of capacity 3.25m3 = RM 850.00 1 nos
(Including cost of operator and fuel)
Capacity of 1 dump truck 19.00 m3/ hour
Total Rental for 1 dump truck = RM 850.00 per day
Total Machinery cost = RM 106.25 per day
Total Workers cost x 1 = RM 120.00 Per day
Total Machinery cost + Total Workers cost + RM 226.25 Per day
Cost per m3 = RM 11.91 per m3
Cost Profit and Overhead (+20% ) = RM 2.38 per m3
Total Cost of excavation for per m3 = RM 14.29 per m3

Rental for bulldozer of capacity 2.2m3 = RM 710.00 1 nos

(Including cost of operator and fuel)
Capacity of 1 bulldozer 558.60 m3/ hour
Total Rental for 1 bulldozer = RM 710.00 per day
Total Machinery cost = RM 88.75 per day
Total Workers cost x 1 = RM 120.00 Per day
Total Machinery cost + Total Workers cost + RM 208.75 Per day
Cost per m3 = RM 0.37 per m3
Cost Profit and Overhead (+20% ) = RM 0.07 per m3
Total Cost of excavation for per m3 = RM 0.44 per m3

Rental for compacter (Roller 8 tonnes) = RM 970.00

(Including cost of operator and fuel)
Capacity of 1 compacter (Roller 8 tonnes) 97.92 m3/ hour
 Total Rental for 1 compacter (Roller 8 tonnes) = RM 970.00 per day
Total Machinery cost = RM 121.25 per day
Total Workers cost x 1 = RM 120.00 Per day
Total Machinery cost + Total Workers cost + RM 241.25 Per day
Cost per m3 = RM 2.46 per m3
Cost Profit and Overhead (+20% ) = RM 0.49 per m3
Total Cost of excavation for per m3 = RM 2.95 per m3
Total Cost of filling imported material for per m3 = RM 10.90 per m3
Total Cost (Machine + labor + fuel) = RM 71.45

6.0 BILL OF QUANTITY

A Bill of Quantities (BQ) is a detailed document in construction projects that listed and
describes the quantities and costs of materials, labor, and services required for the completion
of a project. It serves as a basis for tendering and contract administration. Each item in the
BQ typically includes a description, unit of measurement, quantity , and rate or price. It helps
to ensure transparency and accuracy in cost estimation throughout the project’s lifecycle.

Creating Bill of Quantities involves several steps ;-

i. Project Understanding : Clearly understand the project scope, specifications, and

drawings.
ii. Standardizing Units : Standardizing units of measurements for consistency (e.g.
square meters for area, cubic meter for volume).
iii. Itemizing Works : Breakdown the project inti individual items or work packages
(e.g. excavation, concrete work).
iv. Description and Specification : Clearly describe each item or work package in
detail. Include specifications, material to be used, and any other relevant information.
v. Quantification : Quantify the amounts needed for each item using appropriate units.
Measured dimension, areas, volumes, or count accurately.
vi. Pricing : Assign a unit rate or price to each item based on market rates, historical
data, or supplier quotes. Consider labor, materials, equipment, overhead, and profit.
vii. Calculations : Multiply the quantity by the unit rate to calculate the total cost for
each item. Sum up all the item costs to get overall project cost.
6.1 DETAILS OF BILL OF QUANTITY

(PERMOHONAN KEBENARAN MERANCANG MENGIKUT SEKSYEN 21, AKTA

PERANCANGAN BANDAR DAN DESA 1976 (AKTA 172), BAGI PEMAJUAN
SUSUNATUR PERUMAHAN DAN PERDANGANGAN DI ATAS LOT 105777, PTD
195577, MUKIM TEBRAU, DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU, JOHOR DARUL TA’ZIM)
BIL DESCRIPTION AMOUNT (RM)

1 BILL 1 : PRELIMINARIES 2,806,221.00

2 BILL 2 : EARTHWORK 75,790,303.56

TOTAL AMOUNT (RM) 78,596,524.56

 (PERMOHONAN KEBENARAN MERANCANG MENGIKUT SEKSYEN 21, AKTA
PERANCANGAN BANDAR DAN DESA 1976 (AKTA 172), BAGI PEMAJUAN SUSUNATUR
PERUMAHAN DAN PERDANGANGAN DI ATAS LOT 105777, PTD 195577, MUKIM
TEBRAU, DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU, JOHOR DARUL TA’ZIM)
BILL A : PRELIMINARIES
AMOUNT
BIL DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE
(RM)

PRELIMINARIES

LAW, REGULATION AND

REQUIREMENTS
1.0 Performance Bond
Allow for Performance Bond of 5% Contract L.Sum 353,015.00
Value in the form of Bank Guarantee for the whole
duration of the contract and valid and effective
until the expiration of the Defects Liability Period
named in the appendix to Conditions of Contract.

Provide for Insurance Policy and Guarantee. All L.Sum 141,206.00

insurances shall be purchased from Kementerian
Sumber Manusia.
a) Provide for Insurance Policy to cover a total
cost of Construction in joint names of Employer
and Contractor including Material Damage and
Third-Party Liability for RM1 million in any one
incident.
b) SOCSO and Workmen's Compensation Policy
minimum adequately 20% of Contract Price
(including Common Law Unlimited) and
endorsement A & B
c) The contractor shall insure all the foreign
workers employed by him under an insurance
scheme known as "Foreign Workers Compensation
Scheme (FWCS)" with

1.1 SO's Requirements

Allow for SO's site office, toilets, stores and L.Sum 150,000.00
worker's accommodation including paying all fees
with respect to their application and erection to the
 relevant Local Authority. All temporary buildings
constructed must confirm to all By-Laws of the
Local Authority. Rate shall include for telephone
and other facilities for SO's own use, temporary
septic tank etc.

Carried Forward 644,221.00

(PERMOHONAN KEBENARAN MERANCANG MENGIKUT SEKSYEN 21, AKTA
PERANCANGAN BANDAR DAN DESA 1976 (AKTA 172), BAGI PEMAJUAN SUSUNATUR
PERUMAHAN DAN PERDANGANGAN DI ATAS LOT 105777, PTD 195577, MUKIM
TEBRAU, DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU, JOHOR DARUL TA’ZIM)
BILL A : PRELIMINARIES
AMOUNT
BIL DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE
(RM)
Brought Forward 644,221.00
1.2 Temporary Project Signboard
Supply, construct and complete 1 No. of sign board L.Sum 10,000.00
c/w lettering, logo signs, concrete footings, 100mm
x 50mm tantalized post and bracing ,framing,
12mm thk waterproof plywood etc. as per drawing.

1.3 Setting Out

Allow for setting out, verify existing Bench-Marks L.Sum 55,000.00
and levelling survey works for building and
structure platform and all related works by licensed
surveyor. Rate shall include provision of all
necessary equipment, material and labor,
submission of all records and sketches and
providing assistance for checking as required by the
Engineer. Rate shall also include for all assistance
to the Engineer for checking and witnessing of
setting out, levels, quantities etc. and maintenance
of the equipment, materials and labor for the whole
duration of the contract and any approved extension
of time thereof as pre-com plan.

1.4 Mobilization and Demobilization

Allow for transport to and from site of all plant, L.Sum 130,000.00
equipment and labor necessary for the execution of
the works including all duties and insurances, etc.,
and providing for the temporary crossing and
drainage necessary for proper execution of works.
The plant, equipment and labor included in this
item shall be sufficient to execute the whole of the
works in the most workmanlike and expeditious
manner. No claim for extra payment for the labor as
may be required and directed by Engineer to
complete the works (including variation works) in
the Contract Period or any Extension of Time
approved thereof will be entertained. The cost of
 plant, wages, depreciation, maintenance, servicing,
fuel, etc. and the maintenance of temporary works
shall be deemed to be included in the several rates
as shown in the Bills of Quantities relating to and
requiring the employment of the plant, equipment,
labor and temporary works.
Carried Forward 839,221.00

(PERMOHONAN KEBENARAN MERANCANG MENGIKUT SEKSYEN 21, AKTA

PERANCANGAN BANDAR DAN DESA 1976 (AKTA 172), BAGI PEMAJUAN SUSUNATUR
PERUMAHAN DAN PERDANGANGAN DI ATAS LOT 105777, PTD 195577, MUKIM
TEBRAU, DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU, JOHOR DARUL TA’ZIM)
BILL A : PRELIMINARIES
AMOUNT
BIL DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE
(RM)
Brought Forward 839,221.00

1.5 Temporary Accessway

Provide and maintain all necessary temporary L.Sum 1,750,000.00
accessway and road to the site and within the site as
long as required to the approval of the engineer.
The position where the site access is to be made
shall be as indicated on site plan or as approved by
the Engineer

1.6 Temporary Water and Electricity

Allow for temporary water supply and electricity L.Sum 85,000.00
supply for construction purpose during contract
period and any approved extension of time thereof.
The rate shall include all necessary piping’s, fittings
and metering and pay all related charges, bills and
to conform to Local Authorities requirement.

1.7 Temporary Wash Bay

Allow for the construction of temporary wash bay L.Sum 55,000.00
& all constructed strictly in accordance with the
Engineer's drawing. The rate shall include for
demolition of temporary wash bay. and remove all
debris from site on completion of the works.

Carried Forward 2,729,221.00

 (PERMOHONAN KEBENARAN MERANCANG MENGIKUT SEKSYEN 21, AKTA
PERANCANGAN BANDAR DAN DESA 1976 (AKTA 172), BAGI PEMAJUAN SUSUNATUR
PERUMAHAN DAN PERDANGANGAN DI ATAS LOT 105777, PTD 195577, MUKIM
TEBRAU, DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU, JOHOR DARUL TA’ZIM)
BILL A : PRELIMINARIES
AMOUNT
BIL DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE
(RM)
Brought Forward 2,729,221.00
1.8 Safety and Health
Provide safety precautions to ensure the health and L.Sum 35,000.00
safety labor and shall, in collaboration with and to
the requirements of The Local Health Authorities,
ensure that the medical staff, first aids facilities,
sick bay and ambulance service are always
available at the accommodations and on the site ,
and that suitable arrangement are made for all
necessary welfare and hygiene requirement and for
the prevention of epidemics. Thus, it shall maintain
records and make reports concerning health, safety
and welfare of persons, and damage to property.

1.9 Progress Report

The contractor shall submit to the Engineer's L.Sum 12,000.00
Representative five (5) copies of monthly Report of
the works he has carried out during the period. The
contractor should highlight in his report of any
problem faced or anticipated and his proposed
solution to the problem. The works which the
contractor plans to carry out during the subsequent
report period should also be reported.

1.1 As-Built Drawings

0
The contractor shall allow for the preparation of L.Sum 30,000.00
any as- built drawings required by the Contract
Document. During the contract, prepare and keep
up to date the as-built drawing to show each change
from the Contract Drawing. The drawing shall keep
on site and used only for record purposes. The
contractor shall provide six (6) sets of quality as-
built binded drawing not later than one (1) month
after completion of the works
Note:
 ( Contractors are required to visit the site to fully
understand the scope of works, site conditions and
fully responsible to liase with Relevant Local
Authority)

TO COLLECTION RM 2,806,221.00

(PERMOHONAN KEBENARAN MERANCANG MENGIKUT SEKSYEN 21, AKTA

PERANCANGAN BANDAR DAN DESA 1976 (AKTA 172), BAGI PEMAJUAN SUSUNATUR
PERUMAHAN DAN PERDANGANGAN DI ATAS LOT 105777, PTD 195577, MUKIM
TEBRAU, DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU, JOHOR DARUL TA’ZIM)

BILL 1 : EARTHWORKS
AMOUNT
BIL DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE
(RM)

Notes :
1.The amount of excavation is given as a
provisional quantity. The actual amount
shall be measured by Surveyor and paid by
Contractor. The amount measured shall be
final

2.The filling materials should be approved

by the Engineer. If necessary, the suitable
material should be imported or disposed
within 10KM radius

1 Site Clearance
Clear the site of all trees (irrespective of m2 848,423.45 79.68 67,602,380.50
girth) undergrowth creepers, lallang,
shrubs, bushes, rubbish, debris and any
1.1
other obstruction including grubbing up
roots and stumps and cart away from site
to contractor's own dump. (m2)

2 Stripping Topsoil
Strip top soil using machineries and to be m2 127,263.52 1.23 156,915.92
2.2 transport and disposed to designated area
(depth not exceeding 150mm thk.)

3 Earthworks (CUT & FILL)

Construct a work of cutting, lifting, m3 2,820,361.36 8.23 23,211,573.99
3.1 transporting and removing the soil based
on the formation level (volume to cut)

3.2 Construct the work lifting, transporting & m3 2,820,370.40 32.43 91,464,612.07
compacting the soil based on the formation
level (volume to fill)
 3.2 Filling with approved imported earth to m3 9.04 71.45 645.91
form level as directed by the S.O.

To Collection 183,933,638.2
RM
3

7.0 VALUE OF ENGINEERING ( VE )

Value engineering is a systematic and structured approach to improve project value,

performance, and efficiency. It involves analyzing every aspect of a project to identify
opportunities for cost savings without compromising quality. By focusing on the
functional requirements of a project, value engineering seeks to enhance its value
while reducing unnecessary expenditures.

Value Engineering is not just cost reduction, but the product or project delivers the
best possible value to customers or stakeholders. It emphasizes achieving optimal
value by maximizing benefits while minimizing costs. VE involves scrutinizing each
project element, such as materials, designs, and processes, to ensure project are
optimized.

Value Engineering can be applied during any stage of a project’s development.

Typically, it is performed during the time of Plan-in-hand, however, it has been
suggested that the greatest benefits and resource savings can be achieved early in
development during the planning or scoping phases.

Value Engineering is an organized review of a project to its value. Value engineering

consists of five basic precepts:

i. Function analysis
Identifying and comprehending the primary functions of each element in
the construction project. This involves understanding the purpose each
component serves.
ii. Cost Analysis
Evaluating the costs associated with each function or component, aiming
to reduce costs without compromising quality or functionality.
 iii. Alternative Solutions
Generating and exploring various alternative solutions or approaches to
achieve the same function or goal more efficiently or cost-effectively.

iv. Value Comparison

Comparing the value provided by different materials, methods, or designs
to determine the most efficient and cost-effective option without
sacrificing quality.
v. Implementation of Recommendations
Executing the selected recommendations or modifications in the
construction process to enhance value while maintaining or improving
quality and functionality.

7.1 Objective of Value Engineering (VE)

i. To improve the overall value of a project by focusing on its essential

functions and finding ways to enhance those functions without increasing
cost or compromising quality.
ii. To identify areas where costs can be reduced without sacrificing quality or
performance.
iii. To identifying potential the mitigate risk.
iv. To considering the environmental impact of projects and finding ways to
make eco-friendlier without increasing cost significantly.
7.2 Calculation of cut and fill ( Before VE)

In this project for value engineering we are focusing on volume of cut and fill. By
value engineering we can minimize the cost.

Earthworks Volume calculation by using Digital Terrain Method (DTM)

Zone Area Name Plane Area Bank Cut Bank Fill

(m2) (m3) (m3)

Zone 1 RMB B 7,406.30 5,685.77 13,058.70

STP 26,835.38 369.92 209,630.42
ROAD 9,047.00 1,172.39 45,325.21
SEK 5,447.30 10,206.18 11,436.67
R.TERES 178,075.38 376,089.97 997,776.37
PP 258,846.87 719,024.67 1,276,292.09
RT 166,069.33 698,925.32 348,015.12
WT 5,299.85 138,746.85 0.00
RD 79,282.52 368,907.87 429,835.98

Total 736,309.92 2,319,128.93 3,331,370.56

Total Volume Import / Export

= Volume Cut – Volume Fill
= 2,319,128.93 m³ - 3,331,370.56 m³
= - 1,012,241.63 m³

Result : Import material amounted to 1 million m³, which is excessively high and
would escalate costs. Therefore, we initiated value engineering to reduce costs.
7.3 Calculation of cut and fill ( After VE) : Revise the platform level design

Earthworks Volume calculation by using Digital Terrain Method (DTM)

Zone Area Name Plane Area Bank Cut Bank Fill
(m2) (m3) (m3)

Zone 1 RMB B 7,406.30 10,200.48 7,391.71

STP 26,835.38 1,458.62 173,827.53
ROAD 9,047.00 2,532.70 34,248.27
SEK 5,447.30 14,416.65 8,158.53
R.TERES 178,075.38 483,356.58 860,236.15
PP 258,846.87 895,502.90 1,096,923.91
RT 166,069.33 845,444.82 266,232.94
WT 5,299.85 146,032.75 0.00
RD 79,282.52 421,415.86 373,351.36

Total 736,309.92 2,820,361.36 2,820,370.40

Total Volume Import / Export

= Volume Cut – Volume Fill
= 2,820,361.36 m³ - 2,820,370.40 m³

= - 9.04 m³

Result : Import material amounted to 9.04 m³ after VE. As a result, need to purchase
additional soil for filling purposed is minimized, leading to reduction in cost
associated with soil procurement.
8.0 PROJECT SCHEDULING

Scheduling in project management is the listing of activities, deliverables, and

milestones within a project. A schedule usually includes a planned start and finish
date, duration, and resources assigned to each activity. Effective project scheduling is
a critical component of successful time management, especially for professional
service businesses.

In this guide, we will explore the concept of scheduling in project management, its
importance, and how it is done. We will also look into the different scheduling
techniques, tools, and best practices that project managers can leverage to keep their
projects on track and deliver successful outcomes.

There are three main types of project schedules:

i. Master project schedule: A master schedule tends to be a simplified list of

tasks with a timeline or project calendar.
ii. Milestone schedule or summary schedule: This type of project schedule tracks
major milestones and key deliverables, but not every task is required to
complete the project.
iii. A detailed project schedule: This is the most thorough project schedule, as it
identifies and tracks every project activity. If you have a complex, large, or
lengthy project, it’s important to have a detailed project schedule to help track
everything

The most common form of project schedule is a Gantt chart. If we create a detailed
project schedule with milestones as a Gantt Chart, make sure it can be summarized up
to that level for a simpler view that can be easily shared with team or stakeholders.
This gives the ability to present the same schedule in different formats depending on
the level of detail required and the target audience.

Apart from using a Gantt chart, there are several other project management
scheduling techniques that your team can choose from, depending on your project
needs. Two other popular project management scheduling techniques include the
critical path method (CPM) and the program evaluation and review technique
(PERT).

Project schedules are created and tracked with project scheduling software which has
key features to monitor the progress of the tasks, resources, and cost in real-time. For
this project, we are using Microsoft Project software to create our project schedule.

The task list is prepared based on the items in the Bill of Quantities. The details in the
Task Table are shown in (Table 7 -1 Task Table). In this table, we listed the Task
Name, Task Duration, Predecessors (dependencies) and the Resources.

TASK NAME TASK PREDECESSOR RESOURCES

DURATION S NAME
Clear the site of all trees 6 weeks Excavator (3)
(irrespective of girth)
12 Weeks Dump truck (5)
undergrowth creeper,
lallang, shrubs, bushes,
Clearing
rubbish, debris and any
(848,423.45 m2)
other obstruction
including grubbing up
roots and
stumps and cart away
from site to Contractor's
own dump.
Excavate top soil average 4 weeks Excavator[3],
150mm
8 weeks Dump truck[4],
deep, load and transport
to temporary filling area
Excavate
 (127,263.518)
Excavation of earth 3 weeks Excavator[3],
materials to make up
6 weeks Dump truck[4],
levels to the final
requisite formation level
Excavate
as shown on the
(2,820,361.36)
Engineer's drawings
Fill and spread selected 7 weeks Bulldozer (2),
excavated materials to
14 weeks Excavator[2],
make up levels to the
final requisite formation
Dump truck[4],
level as shown on the
Engineer's drawings in Compactor (2)
layers and graded each
Fill and spread
layer compacted.
(2,820,370.40)
Imported earth from 0.3 weeks Bulldozer (1),
contractor's own source
3 weeks Excavator[1],
within 10km from site
including unloading in
Dump truck[1],
filling arears.
Compactor (1)

Fill imported
material (9.04)

Table 7 -1 Task Table

9.0 CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, the process of estimating is a critical aspect of project management,

providing a foundation for budgeting, resource allocation, and overall project
planning. Through this assignment, we have explored the key components of
estimating, including the creation of a Bill of Quantities and project scheduling.

The Bill of Quantities serves as a detailed document, breaking down the project into
individual items with corresponding quantities and costs. It enhances transparency,
aids in tendering, and forms the basis for effective cost management throughout the
project lifecycle.

Additionally, project scheduling involves the systematic organization of tasks,

resource allocation, and timeline development. By creating a Gantt chart, identifying
critical paths, and setting milestones, project managers can optimize workflows and
monitor progress efficiently.
LAMPIRAN