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 C H A P T E R 1 1 R E V I E W • neural tissue
New Chapter Reviews
include brand-new narrative Study
Study outline Outlines. Each Study Outline entry
11. ependymal cells are associated with cerebrospinal fluid
begins with the module number
Section 1 • Cellular Organization of the Nervous System
production and circulation. Microglia remove cellular
debris and pathogens. Astrocytes maintain the blood–
and title and then summarizes the
11.1 The nervous system has two divisions: the CNS and PNS
brain barrier.
12. oligodendrocytes help form the myelin sheath that
module content.
p. 395 surrounds axons making up white matter. Gray matter
1. The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain
and spinal cord. It is responsible for integrating, processing,
is unmyelinated neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and
unmyelinated cell axons.
All-new Chapter Review Questions
and coordinating sensory data and motor commands.
2. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes all the
include comprehensive questions,
11.5 Schwann cells and satellite
neural tissue outside the CNS.
cells are the neuroglia of the such as labeling, true/false, and
3. Receptors detect changes in the internal and external PNS p. 402
environment. The sensory division of the PNS brings
information from receptors to the CNS.
13. Schwann cells form a myelin multiple choice.
sheath around myelinated
4. The motor division of the PNS carries motor commands peripheral axons.
from the CNS to the effectors or target organs.
14. Satellite cells surround cell In the Chapter Integration section,
Schwann cells form
11.2 Neurons are nerve cells specialized for intercellular
bodies in ganglia.
15. In the PNS, repair of nerves
a sheath around one or two clinical scenarios are
peripheral axons.
communication p. 396
5. Neurons have three general regions: dendrites that
may follow Wallerian
degeneration, a process
followed by critical thinking
receive stimuli; a cell body that contains the nucleus and
other organelles; and an axon that carries information to
that often fails to restore full
function. questions that help students tie
other cells.
important concepts together.
Chapter Review Questions
Section 2 • Neurophysiology
6. The telodendria of an axon end at axon terminals. Axon
terminals are part of the synapse where the neuron
communicates with another cell.
Labeling
7. Axon terminals contain synaptic vesicles containing 11.6 Neuronal activity depends on changes in membrane
neurotransmitters. potential p. 405
Label the structures in
1 2
16. Membrane potential is the unequal charge distribution
the following diagram.
between the inner and outer surfaces of the plasma
membrane, where there is a slight negative charge inside
the plasma membrane with respect to the outside.
The cell body of a neuron 17. All neural activities begin with a change in the resting
contains most of its potential of the neuron. If localized changes in resting
organelles. potential called graded potentials are sufficient, they can
trigger an action potential.
18. An action potential at the axon terminal causes release
of neurotransmitter by the presynaptic cell and graded
8 potentials in the postsynaptic cell. This entire process is
called synaptic activity.
3
11.7 The resting potential is the membrane potential of an
undisturbed cell p. 406 4
19. Passive leak channels allow the movement of Na+ into 5
the cell, and K+ out of the cell.
7 20. The sodium–potassium exchange pump, an active ATP-
11.3 Neurons are classified on the basis of structure or function requiring process, ejects 3 Na+ for every 2 K+.
p. 398
21. Potassium ion gradients force K+ out of the cell, and
8. The four major anatomical classes of neurons are sodium ion gradients drive Na+ into the cell
anaxonic, bipolar, unipolar, and multipolar. 6
22. The resulting membrane potential for a neuron is
9. Functionally, neurons are classified sensory neurons, approximately –70 mV.
interneurons, or motor neurons.
True/False

11.4 Indicate whether each statement is true11.8

or false.Three types of gated channels change the permeability of
Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, and the plasma membrane p. 408
microglia are neuroglia of the CNS p. 400
 Somatic sensory receptors monitor internal 23.organs.
Resting potential isstable until the cell is disturbed.
___________________________
10. neuroglia or glial cells support and protect neurons. Chapter Integration • Applying what you have learned
When disturbed, ion permeability changes due to gated
 Synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters. channels within the  plasma membrane.
___________________________
 Microglia maintain the blood–brain barrier.  ___________________________
Chapter 11 Review • 423

Multiple sclerosis is a progressive,
Schwann cells form the neurilemma. ___________________________
debilitating, demyelinating disease
 The resting membrane potential for a neuron is  ___________________________
near −70 mV. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive, debilitating autoimmune
disease in which the body’s immune system attacks myelinated
portions of the central nervous system, leading to demyelination
Matching of affected axons. The disease is so named because scleroses—
also known as scars, plaques, or lesions—form in many
Match each lettered term with the most closely related description.
places within myelinated regions (white matter). The age
at onset is most commonly between 20 and 40 years. The
a. relative refractory period  Produces myelin
causeinofthe
theCNS
disease is unknown, but may involve some  ___________________________

b. voltage-gated channel combination of environmental agents, genetic factors,

 Opens in response  ___________________________
to physical distortion
and viral infections. Common signs and symptoms
c. oligodendrocyte
 A time when a membrane
include partial can
lossrespond
of visiononly
andto a
problems with  ___________________________
d. chemically gated channel larger-than-normal
speech, stimulus
balance, and general motor coordination,
e. mechanically gated channel including
 Opens or closes loss of to
in response bowel and urinary
changes in bladder  ___________________________
f. Schwann cell membrane control.
potentialThe incidence among women is
aboutintwice
 Produces myelin that
the PNS of men. Individuals  ___________________________
g. absolute refractory period
with MS experience unpredictable,
h. astrocyte  A time when a membrane cannot respond  ___________________________
recurrent cycles of deterioration,
to further stimulation
remission, and relapse. There is no
 Maintains the cure for MS, although
blood–brain barrier drugs that  ___________________________
alter the sensitivity or responses
 Opens in response to neurotransmitters  ___________________________
of the immune system can slow
the progression of the disease.
Chapter 11 Review • 
1 Define demyelination.
2 Why would individuals with MS experience generalized motor
coordination dysfunction?
3 Which glial cells would be affected in MS?

A00_MARTFAP8949_02_VWT.indd 7 11/12/13 4:35 AM

 Assignable Content
NEW Interactive and Adaptive Capabilities
• Adaptive Follow-up Assignments allow instructors to easily assign personalized content for
each individual student based on strengths and weaknesses identified by his or her performance on
MasteringA&P parent assignments.
• Dynamic Study Modules help students acquire, retain, and recall information faster and more
efficiently than ever before. The flashcard-style modules are available as a self-study tool or can be
assigned by the instructor. They can be easily accessed with smartphones.
• Learning Catalytics is a “bring your own device” (laptop, smartphone, or tablet) student
engagement, assessment, and classroom intelligence system. With Learning Catalytics, instructors
can assess students in real time using open-ended tasks to probe student understanding.

NEW A&P Flix™

Coaching Activities
bring interactivity to these popular 3D movie-
quality animations by asking students to
manipulate the visuals.

Video Tutor
Coaching Activities
instruct and coach students on key A&P
concepts from the book and are accompanied
by questions with video hints and feedback
specific to their misconceptions.

A00_MARTFAP8949_02_VWT.indd 8 11/12/13 4:35 AM

 NEW Tough Topic
Coaching Activities
are highly visual, assignable activities designed
to bring interactivity to select two-page
modules in the book. These multi-part activity
items include the ranking and sorting types
that ask students to manipulate the visuals.

Interactive Physiology®
Coaching Activities
help students dive deeper into complex
physiological processes using the Interactive
Physiology tutorial program.

Also Assignable in :
• Art-labeling Activities are drag and drop activities that • PAL 3.0 and assessments
allow students to assess their knowledge of terms and • PhysioEx™ 9.1 and assessments
structures. • Reading Quiz Questions
• Art-based Questions are conceptual questions related to • Chapter Test Questions
art and instruct students with wrong-answer feedback. • Test Bank Questions
• Chemistry Review Activities reinforce chemistry
concepts necessary for an understanding of A&P.

A00_MARTFAP8949_02_VWT.indd 9 11/12/13 4:35 AM

 Study Area
includes a Study Area that will help students get ready for tests with its simple
three-step approach. Students can:
1. Take a pre-test and obtain a personalized study plan.
2. Learn and practice with animations, labeling activities, and interactive tutorials.
3. Self-test with quizzes and a chapter practice test.

Practice Anatomy Lab™ (PAL™) 3.0

is a virtual anatomy study and practice tool that gives students 24/7
access to the most widely used lab specimens, including the human
cadaver, anatomical models, histology, cat, and fetal pig. PAL 3.0 is
easy to use and includes built-in audio pronunciations, rotatable
bones, and simulated fill-in-the-blank lab practical exams.

NEW The PAL 3.0 App lets you access PAL 3.0 on your iPad or
Android tablet. With the pinch-to-zoom feature, images can be
instantly enlarged.

Also Available in the Study Area:

• eText    
• PhysioEx™ 9.1    
• Video Tutors

A00_MARTFAP8949_02_VWT.indd 10 11/12/13 4:35 AM

 A&P Flix™
are 3D movie-quality animations with self-paced
tutorials and gradable quizzes that help students
master the toughest topics in A&P:
• NEW Protein Synthesis
• Membrane Transport
• DNA Replication
• Mitosis
• NEW Endochondral Ossification
• Events at the Neuromuscular Junction
• The Cross Bridge Cycle
• Excitation-Contraction Coupling
• Resting Membrane Potential
• Generation of an Action Potential
• Propagation of an Action Potential
• NEW The Stretch Reflex
• NEW The Mechanism of Hormone Action:
Second Messenger cAMP
• Origins, Insertions, Actions, and Innervations
Over 60 animations on this topic
• Group Muscle Actions and Joints
Over 50 animations on this topic

Interactive Physiology® (IP)

helps students understand the hardest part of A&P:
physiology. Fun, interactive tutorials, games, and
quizzes give students additional explanations to
help them grasp difficult concepts.
Modules:
• Muscular System
• Nervous System I
• Nervous System II
• Cardiovascular System
• Respiratory System
• Urinary System
• Fluids & Electrolytes
• Endocrine System
• Digestive System
• Immune System

A00_MARTFAP8949_02_VWT.indd 11 11/12/13 4:35 AM

 Support for Instructors

by Lori K. Garrett
MyReadinessTest for A&P is a powerful online system
that gets students prepared before their course starts.
It assesses students’ proficiency in study skills and
foundational science and math concepts and provides
coaching in core areas where students need additional
practice and review. It offers:
• Student online access upon registration for
their course
• Diagnostic Test and Cumulative Test based
on learning outcomes from the widely used A&P
primer, Get Ready for A&P
• Personalized Study Plan based on student’s
test results that includes practice questions with
Tutorials
• Flexible Testing that allows instructors to edit
the Diagnostic Test or implement their own
placement test or exit exam
• Gradebook that automatically records students’
test results

Instructor Resource DVD (IRDVD)

with Lecture Outlines by Betsy Brantley and Clicker Questions and Quiz Shows
by Samuel Schwarzlose
978-0-321-95143-4 / 0-321-95143-3
The IRDVD organizes all instructor media resources by chapter into one
convenient and easy-to-use package. Highlights include:
• Customizable PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations that combine lecture
notes, figures, tables, and links to animations
• All figures from the book in JPEG format and PowerPoint® slides (with
editable labels and without) plus figures from Martini’s Atlas of the
Human Body and A&P Applications Manual
• Another set of JPEGs from the book featuring unlabeled figures with
leader lines for quick and easy quizzing
• Clicker Questions in PowerPoint® that check comprehension
• Quiz Show Questions in PowerPoint® that encourage student interaction
• A&P Flix™ 3D movie-quality animations on tough topics
• A&P Flix™ Clicker Questions in PowerPoint®
• Interactive Physiology® 10-System Suite (IP-10) Exercise Sheets and
Answer Key
• Bone and Dissection Videos
• Test Bank in TestGen® and Microsoft Word® formats
• Instructor’s Manual in Microsoft Word® format
• Transparency Acetate masters for all figures and tables
• The IRDVD for Practice Anatomy Lab™ (PAL™) 3.0

A00_MARTFAP8949_02_VWT.indd 12 11/12/13 4:35 AM

 eText with
Whiteboard Mode
The Visual Anatomy & Physiology eText comes
with Whiteboard Mode, allowing instructors
to use the eText for dynamic classroom
presentations. Instructors can show one-
page or two-page views from the book, zoom
in or out to focus on select topics, and use
the Whiteboard Mode to point to structures,
circle parts of a process, trace pathways, and
customize their presentations.
Instructors can also add notes to guide
students, upload documents, and share their
custom-enhanced eText with the whole class.
Instructors can find the eText with Whiteboard
Mode on MasteringA&P.

Instructor’s Manual Printed Test Bank

by Jeff Schinske
978-0-321-96256-0 /
0-321-96256-7
This useful resource includes
a wealth of materials to help
instructors organize their
lectures, such as lecture ideas,
visual analogies, suggested
classroom demonstrations,
vocabulary aids, applications,
and common student
misconceptions/problems.
by Alexander G. Cheroske and
Jason LaPres
978-0-321-96268-3 /
0-321-96268-0
The test bank of more than
3,000 questions tied to the
Learning Outcomes in each
chapter helps instructors
design a variety of tests and
quizzes. The test bank includes
text-based and art-based
questions. This supplement is
the print version of TestGen®
that is in the IRDVD package.

main Version Visual Anatomy & Physiology Lab Manual

by Stephen N. Sarikas

u
978-0-321-92854-2 / 0-321-92854-7
The Visual Anatomy & Physiology Lab Manual
brings all of the strengths of the revolutionary
Visual Anatomy & Physiology book to the lab.
anatomy & physiology This lab manual combines a visual approach
with a modular organization to maximize
a learning. The lab practice consists of hands-
on activities in the lab manual and assignable
Stephen n. SArikAS
content in MasteringA&P. Main, Cat, and Pig
versions are available.

A00_MARTFAP8949_02_VWT.indd 13 11/12/13 4:35 AM

 Support for Students
eText
includes an eText. Students can access their textbook wherever and whenever
they are online. eText pages look exactly like the printed text yet offer additional functionality.
Students can:
• Create notes.
• Highlight text in different colors.
• Create bookmarks.
• Zoom in and out.
• View in single-page or two-page view.
• Click hyperlinked words and phrases to view definitions.
• Link directly to relevant animations.
• Search quickly and easily for specific content.

View animations
from within the eText.

Easily access definitions of key words.

Highlight text and make notes.

FPO

A00_MARTFAP8949_02_VWT.indd 14 11/12/13 4:35 AM

 Every item can be packaged with the main student text.
Get Ready for A&P Student Worksheets for Visual
by Lori K. Garrett Anatomy & Physiology
978-0-321-81336-7 / by Frederic H. Martini, William C. Ober,
0-321-81336-7 Judi L. Nath, Edwin F. Bartholomew,
and Kevin Petti
This book and online component
were created to help students 978-0-321-95631-6 / 0-321-95631-1
be better prepared for their A&P This booklet contains all of the Section
course. Features include pre-tests, Review pages from the book for
guided explanations followed by students who would prefer to mark
interactive quizzes and exercises, their answers on separate pages rather
and end-of-chapter cumulative tests. than in the book itself.
Also available in the Study Area of
MasteringA&P.

Martini’s Atlas of the A&P Applications Manual

Human Body by Frederic H. Martini and
by Frederic H. Martini Kathleen Welch
978-0-321-94072-8 / 978-0-321-94973-8 / 0-321-94973-0
0-321-94072-5 This manual contains extensive
The Atlas offers an abundant collection discussions on clinical topics and
MARTINI’S of anatomy photographs, radiology disorders to help students apply the

ATL AS
of the human body
scans, and embryology summaries,
helping students visualize structures
and become familiar with the types of
concepts of anatomy and physiology
to daily life and their future health
professions.
images seen in a clinical setting.

9.1 uPDate 9.1 uPDate

9.1
PhysioEx™ 9.1 Update

Zao
Stabler
Smith
PhysioEx 9.1 is easy-to-use laboratory simulation software that consists of 12 exercises
containing 63 physiology lab activities. It can be used as a supplement to or substitute for lokuta
wet labs. PhysioEx allows you to repeat labs as often as you like, perform experiments without
harming live animals, and conduct experiments that are difficult to perform in a wet lab
environment because of time, cost, or safety concerns. GriFF
Version 9.1 features input data variability, allowing students to change variables and test
Zao • Stabler • Smith • lokuta • griff

various hypotheses for the experiments.

eXerCiSeS PhysioEx 9.1

1: Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability 7: Respiratory System Mechanics is a software update of 9.0,
2: Skeletal Muscle Physiology 8: Chemical and Physical Processes of Digestion
3: Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses 9: Renal System Physiology
featuring new input
4: Endocrine System Physiology 10: Acid-Base Balance data variability.
5: Cardiovascular Dynamics 11: Blood Analysis
6: Cardiovascular Physiology 12: Serological Testing

SyStem requirementS
Windows®
• Windows XP, Vista™, Windows 7, WIndows 8
• 1024 x 768 screen resolution
• Firefox 13.0, 15.0, 16.0, Internet
Explorer 7.0, 8.0 (Windows XP),
9.0 (Windows 7), or Chrome 23.0
• Latest version of Adobe® Flash® Player
9.1
Macintosh®
• Mac OS 10.6, 10.7, 10.8
• 1024 x 768 screen resolution
• Firefox 13.0, 15.0, 16.0, Safari 5.0
(Mac OS 10.6, 10.7), 6.0 (Mac OS 10.8),
or Chrome 23.0
• Latest version of Adobe® Flash® Player

www.pearshonhighered.com
ISBN-13: 978-0-321-90712-7
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN-10: 0-321-90712-4
9 0 0 0 0

9 780321 907127

Interactive Physiology® 10-System
Suite (IP-10) CD-ROM
978-0-131-36275-8 /
0-131-36275-5
IP-10 helps students understand the hard-
est part of A&P: physiology. Fun, interactive
tutorials, games, and quizzes give students
additional explanations to help them grasp
difficult physiological concepts.
Practice Anatomy Lab™ (PAL™) 3.0 PhysioEx™ 9.1 Laboratory
DVD Simulations in Physiology
by Ruth Heisler, Nora Hebert, Jett Chinn, by Peter Zao, Timothy Stabler, Lori A. Smith,
Karen Krabbenhoft, and Olga Malakhova Andrew Lokuta, and Edwin Griff
978-0-321-68211-6 / 0-321-68211-4 978-0-321-92964-8 / 0-321-92964-0
PAL 3.0 is an indispensable virtual anatomy This easy-to-use laboratory simulation
study and practice tool that gives students software and lab manual consists of 12
24/7 access to the most widely used lab exercises containing 63 physiology lab
specimens, including the human cadaver, activities that can be used to supplement or
anatomical models, histology, cat, and fetal substitute wet labs safely and cost-effectively.
pig. Now with input data variability.
Also available: PAL 3.0 Lab Guide
978-0-321-84025-7 / 0-321-84025-9

A00_MARTFAP8949_02_VWT.indd 15 11/12/13 4:35 AM

This page intentionally left blank
 Quick Reference Table of Contents

Body System Chapter

Foundations 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology 2

2 Chemical Level of Organization 42
3 Cellular Level of Organization 86
4 Tissue Level of Organization 134
The Integumentary System 5 The Integumentary System 174
The Skeletal System 6 Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure 202
7 The Skeleton 232
8 Joints 280
The Muscular System 9 Skeletal Muscle Tissue 306
10 The Muscular System 342
The Nervous System 11 Neural Tissue 394
12 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes 428
13 The Brain, Cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways 462
14 The Autonomic Nervous System 508
15 The Special Senses 536
The Endocrine System 16 The Endocrine System 586
The Cardiovascular System 17 Blood 622
18 Blood Vessels and Circulation 650
19 The Heart and Cardiovascular Function 684
The Lymphatic System 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity 740
The Respiratory System 21 The Respiratory System 786
The Digestive System 22 The Digestive System 828
23 Metabolism and Energetics 882
The Urinary System 24 The Urinary System 922
25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balance 962
The Reproductive System 26 The Reproductive System 988
27 Development and Inheritance 1026

CVR_MART8949_02_SE_IFC.indd 2 12/5/13 2:46 PM

 True Text-Art Integration

aanatomy
atom &
pphys
ys oology
ogy
2ndedition

Martini / Ober / nath / barthOlOMew / Petti

CVR_MART8949_02_SE_IFC.indd 3 12/5/13 2:46 PM

This page intentionally left blank
 anatomy &
physiology
Frederic H. Martini, Ph.D.
University of Hawaii at Manoa
edition

William C. Ober, M.D.

Washington and Lee University

Judi L. Nath, Ph.D.

Lourdes University, Sylvania, Ohio

Edwin F. Bartholomew, M.S.

Kevin Petti, Ph.D.
San Diego Miramar College

Claire E. Ober, R.N.

Illustrator

Kathleen Welch, M.D.

Clinical Consultant

Ralph T. Hutchings
Biomedical Photographer

Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River
Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto
Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo

A01_MART8949_02_SE_FM.indd 1 12/10/13 4:59 PM

 Executive Editor: Leslie Berriman Copyeditor: Michael Rossa
Associate Project Editor: Lisa Damerel Design Manager: Mark Ong
Assistant Editor: Cady Owens Interior Designer: Gibson Design Associates
Editorial Assistant: Sharon Kim Cover Designer: tani hasegawa
Director of Development: Barbara Yien Art House: Precision Graphics
Development Editor: Molly Ward Contributing Illustrators: imagineeringart.com;
Managing Editor: Mike Early Anita Impagliazzo
Assistant Managing Editor: Nancy Tabor Photo Permissions Management: Bill Smith Group
Director of Digital Product Development: Lauren Fogel Photo Researchers: Stefanie Ramsay; Luke Malone; Cordes Hoffman
Executive Content Producer: Liz Winer Associate Director of Image Management: Travis Amos
Senior Content Producer: Aimee Pavy Senior Procurement Specialist: Stacey Weinberger
Production Management and Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Senior Anatomy & Physiology Specialist: Derek Perrigo
Services, Inc. Senior Marketing Manager: Allison Rona

Cover Photo Credit: Alexander Yakovlev/Shutterstock

Credits and acknowledgments for materials borrowed from other sources and
reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on page C-1.

Notice: Our knowledge in clinical sciences is constantly changing. The authors and the
publisher of this volume have taken care that the information contained herein is accurate and
compatible with the standards generally accepted at the time of the publication. Nevertheless,
it is difficult to ensure that all information given is entirely accurate for all circumstances. The
authors and the publisher disclaim any liability, loss, or damage incurred as a consequence,
directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the contents of this volume.

Copyright © 2015, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the
United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should
be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval
system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit
a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, 1900 E. Lake Ave.,
Glenview, IL 60025. For information regarding permissions, call (847) 486-2635.

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are
claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was
aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps.

MasteringA&P®, A&P Flix™, Practice Anatomy Lab ™ (PAL™), and Interactive Physiology®are
trademarks, in the U.S. and/or other countries, of Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Martini, Frederic, author.
Visual anatomy & physiology / Frederic H. Martini, William C. Ober, Judi L. Nath, Edwin F.
Bartholomew, Kevin Petti, Claire E. Ober; illustrator, Kathleen Welch. — Second edition.
   p.; cm.
Visual anatomy and physiology
Includes index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-321-91894-9
ISBN-10: 0-321-91894-0
I. Title. II. Title: Visual anatomy and physiology.
[DNLM: 1. Anatomy. 2. Physiological Phenomena. QS 4]
QP31.2
612—dc23
2013036685

ISBN 10: 0-321-91894-0 (Student edition)

ISBN 13: 978-0-321-91894-9 (Student edition)
ISBN 10: 0-321-95132-8 (Instructor’s Review Copy)
ISBN 13: 978-0-321-95132-8 (Instructor’s Review Copy)

www.pearsonhighered.com 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10—RRW—17 16 15 14 13

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 To my son, PK, for convincing me it was time to
look at teaching and learning in new ways, and
to the A&P students and instructors who helped
shape the resulting text.

— Ric Martini

To my sons, Todd and Carl, whose warmth and

humor have enriched my life in countless ways.

— Bill Ober

To my students and students everywhere, who make

writing textbooks worthwhile. And, as always and in
all ways, to my husband, Mike.

— Judi Nath

To my daughters Ivy and Kate, grandchildren Awley,

Rhyan, Finna, and Raya, and former students, who
have given me the opportunity to touch the future.

— Ed Bartholomew

To Coreen, my bride of over 25 years, and to Olivia

and Dominic, the light of my life.

— Kevin Petti

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 About the Authors
Frederic (Ric) H. Martini, Ph.D.
Author
Dr. Martini received his Ph.D. from Cornell University in comparative and functional anatomy for work
on the pathophysiology of stress. In addition to professional publications that include journal articles and
contributed chapters, technical reports, and magazine articles, he is the lead author of ten undergraduate
texts on anatomy and physiology or anatomy. Dr. Martini is currently affiliated with the University of
Hawaii at Manoa and has a long-standing bond with the Shoals Marine Laboratory, a joint venture
between Cornell University and the University of New Hampshire. He has been active in the Human
Anatomy and Physiology Society (HAPS) for over 20 years and was a member of the committee that
established the course curriculum guidelines for A&P. He is now a President Emeritus of HAPS after
serving as President-Elect, President, and Past President over 2005–2007. Dr. Martini is also a member of
the American Physiological Society, the American Association of Anatomists, the Society for Integrative
and Comparative Biology, the Australia/New Zealand Association of Clinical Anatomists, the Hawaii
Academy of Science, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the International
Society of Vertebrate Morphologists.

Judi L. Nath, Ph.D.

Author
Dr. Judi Nath is a biology professor at Lourdes University, where she teaches anatomy and physiology,
pathophysiology, and medical terminology. She received her Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees from Bowling
Green State University and her Ph.D. from the University of Toledo. Dr. Nath is devoted to her students and
strives to convey the intricacies of science in captivating ways that are meaningful, interactive, and exciting.
She has won the Faculty Excellence Award—an accolade recognizing effective teaching, scholarship, and
community service—multiple times. She is active in many professional organizations, notably the Human
Anatomy and Physiology Society (HAPS), where she has served several terms on the board of directors.
Dr. Nath is a coauthor of Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, Visual Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology,
and Anatomy & Physiology (all published by Pearson), and she is the sole author of Using Medical Terminology.
Her favorite charities are those that have significantly affected her life, including the local Humane Society,
the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, and the ALS Association. On a personal note, Dr. Nath enjoys family life with
her husband and their dogs.

Edwin F. Bartholomew, M.S.

Author
Edwin F. Bartholomew received his undergraduate degree from Bowling Green State University in Ohio and
his M.S. from the University of Hawaii. Mr. Bartholomew has taught human anatomy and physiology at both
the secondary and undergraduate levels and a wide variety of other science courses (from botany to zoology)
at Maui Community College and at historic Lahainaluna High School, the oldest high school west of the
Rockies. He is a coauthor of Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, Visual
Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, Structure and Function of the Human Body, and The Human Body in Health
and Disease (all published by Pearson). Mr. Bartholomew is a member of the Human Anatomy and Physiology
Society (HAPS), the National Association of Biology Teachers, the National Science Teachers Association, the
Hawaii Science Teachers Association, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Kevin Petti, Ph.D.

Author
Dr. Petti is a professor at San Diego Miramar College. He teaches courses in human anatomy and
physiology, human dissection, and health education. He is a President Emeritus of the Human Anatomy
and Physiology Society (HAPS) and holds a Ph.D. from the University of San Diego. Dr. Petti believes that
weaving art and culture into the fabric of an anatomy class is an effective educational tool. This approach
is well received by his students and allows them to acquire an interdisciplinary perspective. As a dual U.S./
Italian citizen, he regularly leads excursions to Italy, the fountainhead of the Renaissance as well as modern
anatomical studies, to consider the relationship between art and science. Touring university museums in
Rome, Florence, Bologna, and Padua, his visits explore dissection theaters and wax anatomical models that
date back hundreds of years. Dr. Petti is often invited to speak at conferences and universities about the
rich heritage of anatomy as a science and its influence on medicine, art, and the humanities.

iv

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 William C. Ober, M.D.
Author and Illustrator
Dr. Ober received his undergraduate degree from Washington and Lee University and
his M.D. from the University of Virginia. He also studied in the Department of Art as
Applied to Medicine at Johns Hopkins University. After graduation, Dr. Ober completed a
residency in Family Practice and later was on the faculty at the University of Virginia in the
Department of Family Medicine and in the Department of Sports Medicine. He also served
as Chief of Medicine of Martha Jefferson Hospital in Charlottesville, VA. He is currently a
Visiting Professor of Biology at Washington and Lee University, where he has taught several
courses and led student trips to the Galápagos Islands. He was on the Core Faculty at Shoals
Marine Laboratory for 24 years, where he taught Biological Illustration every summer.
Dr. Ober has collaborated with Dr. Martini on all of his textbooks in every edition.

Claire E. Ober, R.N.

Illustrator
Claire E. Ober, R.N., B.A., practiced family, pediatric, and obstetric nursing before turning
to medical illustration as a full-time career. She returned to school at Mary Baldwin
College, where she received her degree with distinction in studio art. Following a five-year
apprenticeship, she has worked as Dr. Ober’s partner in Medical & Scientific Illustration
since 1986. She was on the Core Faculty at Shoals Marine Laboratory and co-taught the
Biological Illustration course with Dr. Ober for 24 years. The textbooks illustrated by
Medical & Scientific Illustration have won numerous design and illustration awards.

Kathleen Welch, M.D.

Clinical Consultant
Dr. Welch received her B.A. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, her M.D. from the
University of Washington in Seattle, and did her residency in Family Practice at the University
of North Carolina in Chapel Hill. Participating in the Seattle WWAMI rural medical education
program, she studied in Fairbanks, Anchorage, and Juneau, Alaska, with time in Boise, Idaho,
and Anacortes, Washington, as well. For two years, she served as Director of Maternal and
Child Health at the LBJ Tropical Medical Center in American Samoa and subsequently was
a member of the Department of Family Practice at the Kaiser Permanente Clinic in Lahaina,
Hawaii, and on the staff at Maui Memorial Hospital. She has been in private practice since
1987 and is licensed to practice in Hawaii and Washington State. Dr. Welch is a Fellow of the
American Academy of Family Practice and a member of the Maui County Medical Society and
the Human Anatomy and Physiology Society (HAPS). With Dr. Martini, she has coauthored
both a textbook on anatomy and physiology and the A&P Applications Manual. She and
Dr. Martini were married in 1979, and they have one son.

Ralph T. Hutchings
Biomedical Photographer
Mr. Hutchings was associated with Royal College of Surgeons for 20 years. An engineer
by training, he has focused for years on photographing the structure of the human body.
The result has been a series of color atlases, including the Color Atlas of Human Anatomy,
the Color Atlas of Surface Anatomy, and The Human Skeleton (all published by Mosby-
Yearbook Publishing). For his anatomical portrayal of the human body, the International
Photographers Association has chosen Mr. Hutchings as the best photographer of humans
in the twentieth century. He lives in North London, where he tries to balance the demands
of his photographic assignments with his hobbies of early motor cars and airplanes.

About the Authors • v

A01_MART8949_02_SE_FM.indd 5 12/11/13 3:50 AM

Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
“Fanchon’s ill,” he said quietly. “You’d better go home and see her,
William.”
William looked at him intently for a moment, then spoke in a voice so
changed that it was startling.
“I don’t want to see her,” he said coolly. “I don’t care if I never see
her again.”
“She’s your wife, all the same,” Daniel remarked dryly, “and she’s
going to help me save Leigh.”
“I’m done with her,” William retorted.
“You can’t say that—you won’t say it—if she sacrifices herself for us,”
returned Daniel, watching him.
“I’m done with her,” William repeated, and closed his eyes, evidently
considering that he had closed the subject.
Daniel observed him a moment in silence. He was perfectly aware
that argument was useless, and he was not altogether prepared to
argue for Fanchon. His brother—who looked ill and wretched—was
apparently falling asleep, so Daniel went to the table, confiscated a
half-empty bottle of whisky, and switched off the lights. He drew up
the shades and opened all the windows, and the dead atmosphere
of the room was revivified with sunshine and air.
Daniel looked at William again, but there was no movement or sound
from him, so the lame brother left the room, closing the door softly
behind him. He had a strange feeling as if he had closed it upon a
corpse, as if the brother he had known had passed away, and into
this shell that was left behind some other spirit had entered. The
thought reminded Daniel of the seven devils of the Bible. Certainly
the change in William was for the worse.
But he had no time to think of William. His business took him to
Judge Jessup’s office, and from there to the court-house, where a
panel of the grand jury had been summoned. As he made his way
toward Jessup’s office he encountered a crowd on the main street,
and saw a hearse proceeding toward the station, carrying a plain
pinewood box. The inquest being over, Corwin’s body was to be
shipped to New York.
Daniel had to wait for the hearse to pass, aware of the curious
glances that came his way. A picture rose before his mind of a little
girl of fifteen being married to a coarse brute more than twice her
age, who wanted her to earn his living for him. If he could only get
that picture clean-cut before a jury!
Daniel had that delicate keenness of perception that makes great
orators feel their audiences. He knew intuitively the thing that
touched the heart, he had latent in him a gift for playing on the
feelings of the masses, as some musicians have in them a singular
power to draw more music from the chords of their instruments than
other men. He had perceived it, too, in Fanchon, if he could only
mold her to her rôle. He was trying to marshal his thoughts, to see a
way to bring Fanchon before the jury without losing the effect of her
evidence, when he reached Jessup’s office.
The judge, who was waiting to go before the grand jury, was sitting in
his swivel chair in his shirt-sleeves, with his hat on. He scarcely
glanced up when Daniel entered, for he was listening to a visitor.
Samuel Bernstein sat in the prisoner’s dock—as Daniel called the
stiff chair by the window where the judge seated his doubtful clients
and penalized them with a savage, unwavering observation. He was
observing Bernstein now over the tops of his glasses, exactly as he
would have observed a gipsy-moth. To his mind, Bernstein had been
nearly as disastrous.
The motion-picture producer seemed to be suffering extremely from
the heat. He had his hat off, and was mopping beads of perspiration
from his forehead.
“Say, judge, I never thought about a kid like that usin’ shootin’-irons,”
he said mournfully. “But I told him the truth—every bit of it! I’ll go on
the stand an’ swear to it. You see, it was this way—I couldn’t get the
thing to ’em, an’ I thought they oughter know.”
The judge glared at him in silence, then swung his swivel chair
around a little and looked over the papers on his desk.
“Meddling, Mr. Bernstein; nothing at all but meddling in other
people’s business,” he retorted shortly. “If I had my way there’d be a
new law in this State. I’d send nosey people to the work-house, sir.
I’d give ’em something to do. Here’s your deposition. Read it over.
You’ll be called again, some time this afternoon.”
“Now, looka here, judge, I ain’t a meddler,” objected Bernstein
plaintively. “That man Corwin was blackmailin’ the lady and I wanted
to stop him. I’m conferring a favor now, sir, goin’ on the stand.
Anybody who knows Sam Bernstein knows he ain’t goin’ to lie. I’ve
got a reputation. This trial, sir, with me on the stand——” He paused
regretfully. “Say, it would make just about three thousand feet of
great stuff—and they won’t let me bring in my camera-men!”
“Confound your camera-men!” said the judge, and rose, slamming
down the top of his desk. “Dan, you here? We’ve got to go over to
the court-house now. You come over in half an hour, Bernstein. I
reckon it isn’t more than one thousand feet of film to the square,” he
added with a sudden, irresistible twinkle.
Even Bernstein laughed.
The judge, linking his arm in Daniel’s, kept pace with the younger
man as they walked up the main street toward the old court-house. It
was a little past ten o’clock now, and the street was full. Daniel
noticed that the tide was flowing toward the court-house. His cheeks
reddened angrily under the curious glances of men and women in
the crowds.
There had been a strong element of sympathy for Corwin. He had
been freehanded, and had made himself at home in local sporting
circles. Daniel, with his fine perception of the trend of human feeling,
knew that the sympathy was not all on their side. Fanchon’s famous
dance at the church musicale, and her frequent appearances with
the man himself, had all worked against her. It did not seem quite fair
to lay all the blame on Corwin.
If William had shot him, the thing would have been understood.
Leigh’s act was subject to terrible misinterpretations. It seemed as if
the Carter family had employed a boy to do the shooting in the hope
of getting off scot-free. To half the men on the street it looked like a
case of sheer cowardice on the husband’s part, and Daniel knew it.
He had that kind of sensitiveness—wrought up by much solitary
suffering and introspective thought—that made this consciousness of
the possible charge of cowardice against them all a kind of torture.
He was very white, and his eyes sparkled dangerously.
“He looks as if he might kill a man, lame as he is,” one of the
bystanders whispered, and Daniel heard it.
“I don’t know that we can get an indictment for manslaughter, Dan,”
said the judge, in his ear. “Seems to me it’ll be murder, but there’s no
telling with that jury.”
Daniel, thinking of Leigh’s boyish face and girlish eyes, set his teeth
very hard. At that moment he had no feeling of pity for Fanchon.
“When a man gets married the way William did,” remarked the judge,
“it’s mighty like putting your hand into a grab-bag at a church fair.
You’re not going to get anything useful out of it.”
Daniel said nothing.
They crossed the square and ascended the court-house steps half
an hour before the time set for the grand jury.
Meanwhile, Mr. Carter came down to Judge Jessup’s office and
collapsed there. He had intended to go on to the court-house, but he
could not. He sat down limply in the judge’s chair with one hand on
the telephone, waiting to be called.
He had passed a terrible night. Mrs. Carter had indulged in the only
fit of hysterics she had ever had in her life, and her husband had
thought, at first, that it was apoplexy. He had summoned Dr. Barbour,
rousing the good man from his bed, and had caught a lecture for it.
“Never seen a woman in hysterics before?” the doctor asked fiercely.
“Put her feet in hot mustard water. I reckon that when you see a real
fit you’ll turn in the fire-alarm!”
But he was unable to eradicate Mr. Carter’s first impressions.
Thinking it over now, he shook his head.
“Never saw her like that in her life before,” he reflected. “Had seven
children and lost three—and never threw a fit before! If Leigh——”
He stopped at that; he couldn’t go any further. He rose and pulled off
his coat and unbuttoned his collar. He felt that the heat—it was only
an ordinary summer day—was intolerably oppressive. Then he took
down the telephone receiver absently, and had to assure central that
he didn’t want anything.
“Knocked it off by accident,” he explained mendaciously.
But the incident embarrassed him, and he collapsed into the chair
again and fanned himself with his hat. Then the telephone-bell rang
sharply in his ear, and he seized the receiver. A tremulous young
voice called:
“Is Judge Jessup there?”
“No, the judge has gone over to the court-house. This is Mr. Carter—
Johnson Carter.”
“Oh, papa!” It was Emily, and he could almost feel her tears through
the instrument. “Mama thought you might be at the judge’s office.
Got any news about Leigh?”
“Not yet!” Mr. Carter was hoarse, but he cleared his throat. “How’s
mama?”
“She’s all right; she’s just taken peppermint tea. Papa, I’ve got
something to tell you.”
Her voice seemed to die away, but he heard her blowing her nose.
“What is it, Emmy?”
“F-Fanchon’s going—she’s got the expressman here for her trunks.”
“Glad of it!” said Mr. Carter dryly. “If she wants a taxi, I’ll send it.”
“Oh, papa!”
“Yes?”
“Mama says she’ll die if she doesn’t know about Leigh soon!”
“I can’t help it, I—say, I see the judge and Dan coming—I’ll call you
up again in a minute!”
He hung up the receiver and rushed to the door. Judge Jessup and
his son came in soberly. The judge threw his hat down on the table
and said nothing.
“Indicted for murder—second degree, father,” said Daniel, averting
his eyes.
Mr. Carter tottered to a chair and covered his face with his hands. In
the silence of the little office they heard the first shrill cry of a
newsboy.
“Extry! Extry! Leigh Carter indicted for murder! Extry!”
Mr. Carter groaned aloud. Then he remembered.
“Dan, Emmy ’phoned me a few minutes ago. That—that woman’s
leaving the house—bag and baggage. If you want to ask her
anything——”
Judge Jessup interrupted with a roar.
“Get a taxi, Dan! Catch her, don’t let her go! I’ll subpœna her, if
necessary. Stop her!”
Daniel, who had turned a startled face on his father, nodded at the
judge.
“’Phone mother, father,” he said quietly. “It isn’t fair to keep her
waiting even ten minutes. I’ll go out there at once.”
As he spoke, he whistled for a passing taxi. He heard his father’s
shaking voice at the phone as he went out.
The cab went off at top speed, and Daniel sank back in the corner,
resting his head against the stiff old cushion. He felt a great
weariness, a sensation of defeat and despair. He had fought hard for
an indictment for manslaughter, but had succeeded in getting a
second degree of murder only by the most strenuous effort and the
appeal of Leigh’s obvious youth. Daniel knew that they had a hard
fight before them, and he doubted the boy’s nerve. The whole thing
was hideous to him.
He looked out with dull eyes, aware of the swift passing of the street
corners. The taxi swung into the church lane with a shriek of its
warning horn, and Daniel looked around at the church door, thinking
of Virginia.
The next moment he saw her. The old wagonette and the two fat
horses appeared, progressing slowly toward town. Colonel Denbigh
and his granddaughter were sitting in the vehicle, facing each other
on the two long seats.
Virginia saw Daniel and waved to him. He knew that they had the
news, for the colonel was reading an extra, and Virginia’s face was
full of it. She seemed to fling him a message of sympathy and
courage and faith. Daniel felt it. It roused him. He felt suddenly the
impulse of the fighter, and he shut his teeth on it. He must win, he
would win!
He was still feeling it when the taxi stopped abruptly at the Carter
gate and the chauffeur got down to collect his fare. Daniel paid it
absently, aware that the man was staring at the figure that he saw on
the piazza.
In the midst of a pile of luggage stood Fanchon. She was dressed for
the street, and wore a hat and a fashionable veil that made a
singular figure on the side of her pale cheek, like the tail of a black
dragon. She was leaning against a trunk that stood on end, her dark
eyes fixed gloomily on her approaching brother-in-law.
“What’s this, Fanchon?” he asked quickly. “You’re not going to fail
me?”
She shook her head.
“I couldn’t stay here! You can tell William that he can come home. I’m
going over to a boarding house on the turnpike. I found it once——”
She blushed suddenly and pitifully, and Daniel knew she referred to
her ride. He drew a breath of relief.
“I’m sorry,” he began, half ashamed that she felt driven from the
house, and painfully remembering William.
She caught his sleeve, her hand shaking.
“Daniel, tell me—the indictment?”
“Murder in the second degree.”
She reeled back, clutching at the trunk, her face deathly and her
fawn-like eyes fixed on his.
“What—what’s the penalty?”
“In this State, imprisonment—five to eighteen years.”
“Five to eighteen years—in prison—for—for Leigh!” she repeated
slowly, gasping.
She sank down, leaning on the trunk, and trembling, her eyes still
fixed on Daniel’s white, set, unpitying face.
“Mon Dieu!” she cried at last, and burst into passionate tears.
 XXI
Colonel Denbigh was reading the morning paper. He had
breakfasted lightly, and he sat on the rear veranda smoking a long
cigar. His face was troubled. He had a sincere friendship for the
Carters, and he fairly twinged as he read the flaring headlines. There
were three columns devoted to the Corwin murder, with a snap-shot
of Leigh being led from the court-house to the police van. Half-way
down the first column there was an extra large caption to one
paragraph:
MRS. WILLIAM CARTER, THE CAUSE OF
THE TROUBLE, ONCE A BEAUTIFUL
VAUDEVILLE DANCER
The colonel slapped his paper down on his knee with a groan.
“By gum!” he ejaculated softly.
Plato thrust his head out of the door.
“Miss Jinny done say she don’ want dat speckled hen killed fo’
dinner to-morrer, suh.”
The colonel’s mouth twisted under his white mustache.
“Why not?”
“Miss Jinny, she’s been makin’ a pet ob her, yessuh. She say dat
speckled hen ain’t gwine ter be killed, an’ I kin take de rooster. Miss
Jinny, she say she’s fo’ woman’s rights, col’nel.”
The colonel grinned sardonically.
“You get a steak, Plato. We’ve got to stand up for our own sex. I’m
going to keep that rooster.”
“Yessuh, dat we has!” Plato edged back toward the door as he heard
Virginia coming. “Mis’ Wilyum Carter done run away from her
husband yes’day,” he added in a stage whisper. “Mirandy, de girl dat
works dere, done tole me so, yessuh!”
The colonel scowled.
“You tell Miranda to stop gossiping,” he said sharply.
Plato grinned.
“Dat’s woman’s rights, yessuh. Mirandy says so!”
The colonel caught the old negro’s eye and shook with silent
laughter.
“Mind your own business, you old rogue!” he said shortly, resuming
his paper.
He heard Plato’s discreet retirement and then a frou-frou of skirts.
Virginia, in the freshest of white gowns, came out. She was very
pale, and there was a little line of worry between her brows.
“Anything new, grandpa?” she asked eagerly, looking at his
newspaper. “Can they get Leigh out on bail?”
The colonel shook his head sadly.
“Think of a boy like that held for murder! Bless my soul, it seems as if
it was only last year when I saw him in rompers and eating a
lollypop. I remember perfectly—the stick was in his mouth and the
lollypop all over his face. Good Lord! And he’s shot a man!”
“He’s such a nice boy,” said Virginia. “He has such a sweet, dreamy
face, and his eyes are beautiful. Haven’t you noticed how he’s grown
up?”
“Yep!” the colonel snapped, frowning at space. “I did notice he was
getting to be quite a young lady.”
Virginia laughed musically.
“Aren’t you ashamed of yourself?” Then her face sobered. “I’ve just
telephoned to Mrs. Carter—I mean Mrs. Johnson Carter,” she
explained, blushing suddenly; “and there doesn’t seem to be
anything that we can do.”
The colonel nodded thoughtfully.
“I saw Dr. Barbour last night. He says there’s nothing we can do.”
Virginia looked thoughtfully across the green lawn toward the street.
It was screened from view here by the colonel’s horse-chestnut, but
she glimpsed a strip of the street below the side gate. The sunlight,
shining through the honeysuckle on the veranda, flashed on her
white gown with glorification, as if it shouted halleluiah, and it shone,
too, in her clear eyes. The colonel, who was watching her, thought
her the loveliest thing on earth.
“I’m afraid there’s a terrible time down there,” she remarked
regretfully. “I mean at the Carters.”
The colonel assented. He was thinking. He dreaded to tell her.
“Jinny, Plato says that——”
He got no farther; she had uttered a soft exclamation and gone down
the steps.
“There’s Dan, grandpa!” she said in evident surprise.
The colonel watched her go on to meet Daniel Carter and he saw the
change in the young man’s face as they met on the lawn. Daniel was
very pale, and he limped badly toward her.
“By gum!” said the colonel below his breath. “I wonder if she knows!
Women don’t like weakness, I’m afraid. Nothing that’s been injured
appeals—not really. Girls like to imagine demigods. And that poor
boy’s breaking his heart for her, by gum!”
Meanwhile, Virginia turned with Daniel, and they came toward the
veranda. The colonel rose and descended the steps.
“Dan,” he said in a hoarse voice, holding out his hand, “if there’s
anything I can do——”
Daniel shook his head, the muscles of his white face twitching a little
from weariness and pain.
“Nothing at all, Colonel, except—to feel for us!”
“Come and sit with us on the piazza,” suggested Virginia. “Can’t you,
Dan?”
He shook his head.
“I’ve got to go on to the office, and then over—to the jail. I was
passing—I had to stop to say ‘howdy,’ as Plato would express it.
Mother’s been ill in bed since yesterday. She wanted me to thank
you both for the flowers and for your messages.”
“Flowers and messages are mighty poor substitutes for deeds,”
rejoined the colonel bluntly. “You know I’ll go bail for Leigh, if you
wish it.”
“Mr. Payson did that at once, thank you. We had Leigh out to see
mother, but we couldn’t keep reporters away from him, and we
thought it best for him to go back to jail for the present. You see, he
wants to go to Fanchon, to express his championship and all that.
It’s a hard situation, colonel, any way we can fix it. Leigh’s been in a
state of collapse, too—lost his nerve at first.”
“He’s nothing but a kid,” said the colonel with indignation. “I—by
gum, Dan, I don’t like to say what I think!”
Virginia clapped her soft hand over his mouth.
“Not another word, grandpa!”
Daniel smiled.
“Never mind, Virginia, the newspapers are blatant. My father read
the paper this morning and broke the cream-pitcher—the
Wedgewood one, too.”
The colonel caught Virginia’s restraining hand and held it.
“Dan, how’s William?”
Daniel, who was looking at Virginia, became very grave.
“I don’t know how to answer that, colonel. He’s heartbroken over
Leigh, I think. He and his wife”—Daniel hesitated, his eyes on
Virginia—“have separated,” he concluded in a low voice.
The colonel, who knew it, only wagged his head soberly, but Virginia
started. A deep blush rose from her throat to her white forehead. Her
eyes fell before Daniel’s, and he saw her hands tremble.
“She loves him still!” he thought bitterly.
He turned, looking paler than ever.
“I must go on. I only stopped to thank you both for your sympathy.
We”—he hesitated again—“we appreciate it.”
The colonel laid his hand on the younger man’s shoulder, and his
eyes misted.
“I’ll walk to the street with you, Dan,” he said, swallowing a lump in
his throat. “I reckon there isn’t much we can do—any of us—but to
stand by you-all.”
Daniel looked back at Virginia, raising his hat again, and the two
men walked away across the long lawn to the group of cedars that
grew by the side gate.
Virginia, left alone, turned and entered the house. She was very pale
now, and her lips trembled. She went into the drawing-room and
stood looking at the little old picture of William as a boy. She had
looked at it a thousand times before, and she remembered that once
she had kissed it. They had always been fond of each other and then
—or was it a dream?—he had asked her to marry him. They had
planned their happiness gaily, with youthful laughter at sorrow and
doubt. She had loved him, and he had married—this woman!
Virginia would have been less than human if she had not thrilled at
the thought that he must regret it. She felt that he did. He had
already almost said so. He had been caught; she knew it! What
woman, placed as Virginia was, would not have felt that! In the rush
of sympathy for him she blamed only Fanchon.
She remembered the night at the Sunday-school hall and Fanchon’s
blanched face at the sight of Corwin. Corwin had made Virginia
shudder; but such men as this had been Fanchon’s associates, such
men as Corwin had been part of her life, and William Carter had
unwittingly married her! In the storm of her resentment, Virginia felt
only that William needed her sympathy, he even needed—it was on
the tip of her tongue to say—her love!
Then the thing suddenly stood out before her; she saw it in all its
horrible nakedness and cruelty. The poor little wayward dancer
caught in the snare of her past—whatever that past might be—and in
the midst of her fancied security assailed and ruined, snatched from
her new happiness, talked about, shamed, and at last cast out!
Yet—poor William! Tears rushed to Virginia’s eyes. Her heart
yearned over him. At that moment, when William was breaking with
the wife that he had preferred to her, when he was crushed by the
scandal that the woman had made of his life, Virginia forgave him.
She sank down on the piano-stool under his childish picture, and,
covering her face with her hands, she wept—not for herself, as
Fanchon had done, but for William. She had fought hard to crush out
her love for him, but at that moment she felt that she had not
succeeded, that it was too strong for her, and she trembled.
She trembled at the thought of the look on his face when she had
seen him last. She knew that he had come back to her. Virginia, who
could not see into the future, still felt a thrill of terror at her heart. It
was as if an invisible power walked with her, an invisible hand thrust
her toward unforeseen perils, and into ways that she knew not.
Strangely enough, too, in the midst of her emotion, the thought came
to her, keenly and vividly—what would Dan think of it? And of her—
Virginia? In some way, intuitively, for he had said nothing about it,
she knew that Daniel’s attitude toward Fanchon had changed.
Something in the very intonation of his voice had told her that; yet he
had announced the separation without comment, and had even
appeared to assent to Colonel Denbigh’s suppressed recognition of
Fanchon’s culpability.
Virginia, weeping for William, trembling at the thought that William’s
heart must have turned remorsefully to the memories of their
innocent affection, nevertheless flushed at the thought that Daniel
would be a witness, a bystander, at any drama that unrolled now in
their lives. She had never thought of Daniel before as having any
part between William and her, but now it was Daniel’s judgment that
mattered. Yet she loved William. She no longer attempted to deny
that to herself, she could not—it was William who was suffering and
shamed by the woman who had left him.
Virginia was softly wiping the tears from her eyes when she heard
her grandfather coming back. She rose, looked hastily into the
mirror, and, reassured by the face she saw there, went out into the
hall and met him.
“I thought you were going to walk all the way into town with Dan,”
she remarked casually.
The colonel shook his head.
“I only went to the corner. Jinny, the trial’s to be next week. Judge
Jessup has managed to rush it before the court adjourns this
session. It seems Mrs. Carter can’t bear the suspense, and I reckon
the boy can’t, either. I never did think Leigh had much grit—not even
when he ate lollypops,” he added grimly, eying Virginia.
“I know his poor mother has gone to pieces,” she replied gently.
“Emily told me as much. Poor Emily, she’s cried so hard that paint
won’t help her white eyelashes now.”
The colonel, who had discovered that Virginia had been crying
herself, looked thoughtful. They turned and walked through the hall
together to the staircase. Virginia started to ascend—she wanted to
escape—but her grandfather had more news for her.
“Dan’s a kind of clam,” he observed after a moment’s pause, “but I
got something out of him. Fanchon has told him her story. He
believes that it will help save Leigh. He’s going to put her on the
stand.”
Virginia, leaning on the banister, blushed again.
“I thought she’d left William,” she said in a low voice.
“So she has—so she has; but Dan says she’ll do anything to save
Leigh. She seems to be fond of that fool kid. Got him under her
thumb, I suppose, and then made him do her bidding. I reckon she’d
better go on the stand. It’s the only thing she can do. But, by gum,
I’m sorry for Johnson Carter and his wife, and Emily and Dan.”
“And William,” suggested Virginia softly.
“No!” thundered the colonel. “No! I’m not a mite sorry for that lummox
—he went and married her! He——”
The old man stopped with his mouth open. Lucas, the negro driver,
had just appeared at the back door, his arms full of green ears of
corn.
“Been up de hill, suh,” he explained genially, “an’ Col’nel Colfax’s
son, he don’ send yo’ all dis yere corn. Golden Bantam—dat’s what
he call it, same as dey calls dem lil no-account chickens.”
“It looks small,” said the colonel. “How about that horse? Did you like
it, Lucas?”
“Yessuh, I like ’im, but he don’ like me. He’s very good horse, Pole
Star’s grandson, but I reckon I scared ob ridin’ him. Sam Bun, he
Mist’ Colfax’s man—he say dat horse bit four men las’ Saturday
week.”
“I don’t want him,” said Virginia laughing. “Hear any news up there,
Lucas? How’s Miss Sally?”
“Gone to de springs, Miss Jinny. I did heah on de road back ’bout
young Mis’ Carter—de one dat done got Mist’ Corwin shot.” He
looked over his green corn at the colonel. “She’s stayin’ up to
Quantah’s place now.”
“Eh!” The colonel stared. “Pretty poor place isn’t it, Lucas?”
“Sho is, suh. Ain’t noffin’ dere now but de woman, Mis’ Quantah, an’
dat bug-house boy ob hers. Dey sold de cow las’ week to de butcher.
Ain’t no place fo’ quality nohow. Yessuh, Mis’ Wilyum Carter up dere
now. She lef’ Mist’ Wilyum or Mist’ Wilyum lef’ her, I don’t know—”
“Lucas, you take that corn to the kitchen. I want some for dinner.”
“Yessuh,” said Lucas, and went.
The colonel turned to Virginia.
“That Quantah place is pretty forlorn. Can that girl be as poor as
that? I thought Mrs. Quantah was about down and out.”
“Why, grandpa, the place is a wreck! There can’t be a decent room
up-stairs!” Virginia’s face was still flushed, she clung to the banister.
“I can’t understand.”
The colonel looked grave.
“She’s going on the stand for Leigh. The Carters oughtn’t to allow
this.” He turned and laid his hand on his granddaughter’s shoulder.
“Jinny,” he said quietly. “I reckon we mustn’t judge it too hard, but—
well, I’m beginning to pity that girl.”
Virginia said nothing. She was afraid that her grandfather felt her
trembling under his hand.
 XXII
William Carter spent the days after the shooting entirely alone in
his office at the Payson Building. He slept there on the old couch,
and for the most part ate there, Moses, the elevator-boy, running
errands for him to the delicatessen store and then devouring the
viands after he had brought them. For William ate practically nothing,
though he drank a good deal.
Mr. Payson, who had found him once or twice in a state of stupor,
called up Mr. Carter on the telephone the day before the trial.
“You’d better come over and see William,” he advised. “He’s in no
condition to do business.”
Mr. Carter, who had just returned to his office after a long talk with
Leigh, was shaken; but he picked up his hat, clapped it down again
on his gray head, and started determinedly for the Payson Building.
He felt that his cup was full. He even experienced a sensation of ire
at Payson for having acquired wealth to build this huge edifice of
mottled brick and sandstone.
“Looks like a huge loaf of ginger-bread,” Mr. Carter grumbled to
himself.
But he was glad that it happened to be in full blast, as he would have
expressed it, and the throng of shoppers had no time to notice him.
Moses took him up in an elevator that was designated as “for
employees only.” He made some ado, too, about moving aside a
basketful of empty bottles to make room for his passenger. Mr.
Carter shoved the basket with his foot.
“What’s that?” he asked sharply.
Moses looked plaintive.
“Ain’t had no time to pitch ’em outen heah, suh. Dey’s from Mist’
Wilyum’s room.”
Mr. Carter restrained an impulse to count the bottles, and said
nothing. At the eighth floor he got out and walked reluctantly across
the hall to his son’s door. He opened it without knocking and looked
in.
William was seated at his desk, his arms hanging down at his sides
and his eyes fixed on the wall opposite. There was no indication of
intemperance unless it lay in the deathly pallor and the disheveled
hair. Mr. Carter strode over to the table and struck it loudly with his
fist to call attention to his presence.
“We’d be honored if you’d come home,” he said dryly. “You’ve
nothing to fear there—she’s cleared out.”
William raised his haggard eyes.
“How about Leigh? I haven’t seen Dan for days.”
“Dan’s trying to save his brother from”—Mr. Carter’s voice grew
suddenly hoarse—“from eighteen years’ imprisonment.”
“Good Lord!” cried William aghast. “They couldn’t do that—he’s
nothing but a kid!”
Mr. Carter walked over to the windows and shut and fastened them;
then he picked up his son’s hat and handed it to him.
“You come home with me,” was all he said.
William went.
His adoring mother received him like the returned prodigal, and
Emily waited on him with eyes red from weeping. No one mentioned
Fanchon; the family seemed to have resolved to let her drop out of
sight forever. With Daniel’s aid, William managed to see Leigh that
night for the first time since the shooting.
It was a moment of horrible embarrassment and humiliation for
William. He was shocked, too, at the sight of the boy’s white face
and the dark rings under his girlish eyes. Leigh had gone through
deep waters on his account, yet it was one of those things that
cannot be talked about.
“My job, Leigh,” he said laconically. “You had no business to take it
away from me.”
Leigh blushed like a girl.
“I couldn’t hear Fanchon slandered like that,” he cried. “I had to do
it!”
William bowed his head, looking down at the floor of the cell. He
hadn’t the heart to tell the boy that he believed the slanders.
Curiously enough, under Leigh’s clear eyes, he felt ashamed of
believing in them; but his inveterate rage against his wife remained
undiminished. She had deceived him, he no longer believed in her,
and he was furious against her for the ruin she had wrought. The
very fact that he had been head over ears in love with her embittered
him the more. It was an intolerable humiliation.
He left Leigh in a passion of sorrow and self-accusation, and went
home to spend a sleepless night. Toward morning, from sheer
exhaustion, he dozed off into troubled dreams. He thought he had
been cast into a fiery furnace along with Shadrach, Meshech and
Abednego; he could see three shadowy figures moving like giants
through fields of flame. Presently an angel touched him on the
shoulder and called to him—in French. The angel had the face of
Fanchon.
He awoke with a groan and found his mother standing at the foot of
his bed. She had recovered sufficiently to move about the house
now in a striped calico wrapper that made her look twenty years
older.
“It’s the day of the trial, Willie,” she said brokenly. “Papa and Dan
went an hour ago. Are—are you going to testify? Dan said he
wouldn’t call you.”
“The State will,” replied William apathetically, getting out of bed.
His mother looked at him anxiously.
“I’m afraid they’re going to call Fanchon,” she faltered.
He started. For some reason he had never thought of this, and he
felt a pang of horrid dismay. It couldn’t be that Judge Jessup and