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1. Armed clashes in 1775 between British soldiers and which group of people fueled the
argument for independence?
A) New Jersey rioters
B) Impressed seamen
C) Massachusetts militiamen
D) Virginia slaves

2. What governmental body declared independence from Britain in 1776?

A) Constitutional Convention
B) Pennsylvania's Congress
C) Continental Congress
D) U.S. Congress

3. Paul Revere was famously known for warning the patriot leaders of the British troops in
the Massachusetts town of
A) Concord.
B) Boston.
C) Amherst.
D) Lexington.

4. Why were Massachusetts militiamen who fought against the first British attack referred
to as the minutemen?
A) They defeated the British very quickly.
B) They were quick to report the news to the press.
C) They lost to the British very quickly.
D) They assembled to fight very quickly.

5. What military strategy was used by the patriots in the struggle against British troops
advancing throughout Massachusetts in 1775?
A) Attack and plunder
B) Retreat and fortify
C) Guerrilla warfare
D) Yankee warfare

6. What did delegates of the Second Continental Congress debate in May 1775?
A) Military strategy
B) Independence
C) Funding
D) Recruitment

Page 1
 7. What event inspired the patriots through the Continental Congress to establish an army
for defense of the colonies?
A) Battle of Bunker Hill
B) Battle at Lexington
C) Invasion of Boston
D) Seizure of merchant vessels

8. In 1775, what challenge did George Washington face in trying to assemble an army to
fight the British?
A) The British were more astute recruiters.
B) He lacked the authority to do so.
C) The Massachusetts minutemen were against him.
D) He was more comfortable as a politician than as the commander of an army.

9. What did Governor Lord Dunmore of Virginia do that raised the ire of many elites?
A) He offered freedom to slaves who fought for the British.
B) He offered freedom to slaves who fought for the patriots.
C) He abandoned his governor's mansion and sailed back to England.
D) He worked as a spy at the Continental Congress.

10. Why did the king and Parliament refuse to compromise or negotiate with the patriot
leaders of the colonies?
A) They knew they had a stronger military force.
B) The patriots were unwilling to sail to England to meet them.
C) The patriots rejected their earlier peace efforts.
D) They viewed the colonists as out of line and in open rebellion.

Page 2
11. On what basis does Thomas Paine argue that democratic government is preferable to
monarchy in Common Sense?

In England a King hath little more to do than to make war and give away places; which,
in plain terms, is to impoverish the nation, and set it together by the ears. A pretty
business, indeed, for a man to be allowed eight hundred thousand sterling a year for, and
worshipped into the bargain! Of more worth is one honest man to society, and in the
sight of God, than all the crowned ruffians that ever lived. . . .

But where, say some, is the King of America? I will tell you, friend, he reigns above,
and does not make havock of mankind like the royal brute of Great Britain. Yet that we
may not appear to be defective even in earthly honors, let a day be solemnly set apart for
proclaiming the charter; let it be brought forth, placed on the divine law, the word of
God: let a crown be placed thereon, by which the world may know that so far we
approve of monarchy, that in America, THE LAW IS KING. For as in absolute
governments the King is law, so in free countries the Law ought to be King; and there
ought to be no other. But lest any ill use should afterwards arise, let the crown, at the
conclusion of the ceremony, be demolished, and scattered among the people whose right
it is.
A) Because common people were more honest and wiser than kings
B) Because democracy is the will of God
C) Because monarchy cannot be bound by laws
D) Because democratic government would produce greater prosperity

12. What public spaces became popular venues for political discussion in the 1760s and
1770s?
A) Town halls
B) Churches
C) Town squares
D) Taverns

13. What development demonstrates that a growing number of colonial patriots believed
that independence was necessary in the spring of 1776?
A) The patriot militia was winning.
B) Colonists began to take control of their legislatures.
C) British loyalist political leaders abandoned their posts.
D) Local governments subsidized copies of Common Sense for everyone.

Page 3
14. Which European superpower provided the patriots with the greatest financial and
military assistance in their war with Britain?
A) France
B) Spain
C) Netherlands
D) Germany

15. What percentage of colonists actively supported the British at the time independence
was declared in 1776?
A) About 5 percent
B) About 20 percent
C) About 50 percent
D) About 75 percent

16. Which Indian tribe sided with the British early on and retreated to Canada along with
Guy Johnson, the British superintendent for Indian affairs?
A) Oneida
B) Cherokee
C) Navaho
D) Mohawk

17. Before the war for independence was officially declared, most Indian tribes adopted
what strategy toward the conflict between British and colonists?
A) They sided with the British.
B) They remained neutral.
C) They sided with the patriots.
D) They sided with whichever side they had stronger connections to before the
conflict.

18. What city served as a safe haven for loyalists throughout much of the war?
A) Washington
B) Philadelphia
C) New York
D) Boston

19. What inspired many poor people from the Hudson Valley to side with the British?
A) They were afraid to stand against the British.
B) Their wealthy landlords were patriots.
C) They were inspired by British leadership.
D) They wanted to avoid serving in the militia.

Page 4
20. Why did most Indian nations ultimately side with Britain?
A) It offered the best hope of preserving their territory.
B) They had formed stronger bonds with the British.
C) Colonists killed local Indians.
D) The British bribed them with weapons.

21. Who brutally killed Shawnee chief Cornstalk after refusing to respect his commitment
to neutrality in the war?
A) A rival Shawnee leader
B) American soldiers
C) British soldiers
D) Unknown renegades

22. During the Revolutionary War, pacifist religious people avoided fighting by
A) burning their conscription letters.
B) pleading exemption on religious grounds.
C) hiring substitutes.
D) hiding in the woods.

23. What does this etching depict?

A) Enslaved African Americans pulling down a statue of George III in New York
City, after independence was declared in 1776
B) Costumed patriots pulling down a statue of George III in Boston, before the city
was invaded by British forces
C) Formerly enslaved African Americans pulling down a patriotic monument in New
York City after the city was occupied by the British army
D) Enslaved workers pulling down a statue of George III in British Jamaica, to show
sympathy for the American cause

Page 5
24. Faith in the wisdom of going to war with the British in 1776 was challenged by what
unexpected development?
A) Britain closed down trade between the colonies and France.
B) Patriots struggled to win a battle for months.
C) Patriots failed to rally troops.
D) British occupied Boston, New York, and Philadelphia simultaneously.

25. Why did so many of General George Washington's troops desert after the Continental
Army left Boston and moved to confront the British en route to New York?
A) They didn't believe it was their responsibility.
B) They were tired, broke, and homesick.
C) New York militiamen were clear that it was their territory to defend.
D) General Washington was a terribly abusive leader.

26. Which types of men were likely to stay with General Washington and fight regardless of
where he led them?
A) Those with the most to lose should the British win
B) The most ardent patriots
C) The landless and otherwise desperate
D) Those with prior military training and experience

27. What was General Washington's attitude toward “camp followers”—soldiers' wives and
sisters who followed the troops and provided critical services to the soldiers?
A) Appreciation
B) Indifference
C) Anger
D) Condescension

28. After months of defeat, what gave Washington and the patriot troops the opportunity to
regroup, repair weapons, and recruit more soldiers in December 1776?
A) The British retreated to the South for better weather.
B) The British didn't fight during the winter.
C) The British had to wait for more soldiers to be delivered.
D) Patriots were moved by the holiday spirit to enlist.

Page 6
29. Where did George Washington mount a successful surprise attack on Hessian troops on
Christmas Eve, 1776?
A) Hartford, Connecticut
B) Valley Forge, Pennsylvania
C) Trenton, New Jersey
D) Wilmington, Delaware

30. How did the Revolutionary War endanger civilians such as Christian Barnes?

It is now a week since I had a line from my dear Mrs. Inman, in which time I have had
some severe trials, but the greatest terror I was ever thrown into was on Sunday last. A
man came up to the gate and loaded his musket, and before I could determine which
way to run he entered the house and demanded a dinner. I sent him the best I had upon
the table. He was not contented, but insisted upon bringing in his gun and dining with
me; this terrified the young folks, and they ran out of the house. . . . He still continued to
abuse me, and said that when he had eat his dinner he should want a horse and if I did
not let him have one he would blow my brains out. He pretended to have an order from
the General for one of my horses, but did not produce it. His language was so dreadful
and his looks so frightful that I could not remain in the house, but fled to the store and
locked myself in. He followed me and declared he would break the door open. Some
people very luckily passing to meeting prevented his doing any mischief and staid by
me until he was out of sight, but I did not recover from my fright for several days. The
sound of drum or the sight of a gun put me into such a tremor that I could not command
myself.
A) Soldiers from both sides frequently resorted to plunder.
B) British attacks did not spare civilians.
C) Indians attacked while colonial men were away fighting the British.
D) Neighbors attacked their political enemies.

31. The Continental Army's stunning defeat of the British at the Battle of Saratoga
A) gave hope to patriot troops elsewhere.
B) caused the Iroquois to defect from the British.
C) helped patriots quickly take back New York City.
D) inspired Spain to finance the next leg of the war.

32. What body acted in lieu of a national government during the Revolutionary War?
A) Congress of Philadelphia
B) Continental Congress
C) Congress of Colonies
D) House of Representatives

Page 7
33. What level of government was predominant throughout the Revolutionary War?
A) Town government
B) Military government
C) State government
D) Federal government

34. How long did it take for the Articles of Confederation, drafted in 1777, to be approved
by all thirteen states?
A) Three years
B) One year
C) Three months
D) One month

35. What structural characteristic was shared by all state constitutions drafted after
independence?
A) Expansion of voting rights
B) Restriction on centralized authority
C) Abolition of slavery
D) Expansion of state taxes

36. In 1777, Vermont's state constitution stood out from all others because it
A) abolished slavery.
B) reduced state taxes.
C) embraced a strong central government.
D) expanded voting rights to everyone over 18.

37. Which state saw its own constitution's claim that all men are “free and equal” used by
Quock Walker and Mum Bett to win their freedom from slavery?
A) New York
B) Pennsylvania
C) Massachusetts
D) New Jersey

38. After learning that France was supporting the patriots, the British responded by
A) doubling the size of their army in the colonies.
B) doing nothing because they were too busy fighting the war to do anything.
C) forming an alliance with Spain.
D) declaring war on France.

Page 8
39. What happened to annual British military expenditures from 1775 to 1782?
A) They declined from $4 million to $2 million.
B) They stayed steady at $4 million a year
C) They rose from $4 million to $8 million.
D) They rose from $4 million to $20 million.

40. What role did Spain play in the Revolutionary War?

A) It gave Florida to the British.
B) It captured British forts in Florida.
C) It supplied the British with troops, arms, and funds.
D) Spain stayed out completely.

41. What does the following passage describe?

[General John] Sullivan and his army arrived at Genesee river, where they destroyed
every article of the food kind that they could lay their hands on. A part of our corn they
burnt, and threw the remainder into the river. They burnt our houses, killed what few
cattle and horses they could find, destroyed our fruit trees, and left nothing but the bare
soil and timber. But the Indians had eloped and were not to be found. Having . . .
finished the work of destruction, the army marched off to the east. . . . [Once] Sullivan
had gone so far that there would be no danger of his returning to molest us . . . we all
returned; but what were our feelings when we found that there was not a mouthful of
any kind of sustenance left, not even enough to keep a child one day from perishing
with hunger.
A) An attack by combined British and Indian forces against an American settlement in
the Ohio Valley
B) An American attack on a Seneca village in upstate New York
C) A militia raid for food and supplies during the winter at Valley Forge
D) A British attack on American farms in the Hudson Valley

42. Why did the Continental Congress need to borrow money from wealthy patriots and
other countries to finance the war effort?
A) Britain had frozen all of the patriots' assets.
B) The Continental Congress had no authority to tax the people.
C) Britain stole the patriots' money when the British army occupied New York.
D) The Continental Congress had exhausted the Federal Reserve early in the war.

Page 9
43. A mutiny almost erupted in Pennsylvania in 1783 when the Continental Congress
decided
A) not to pay the Continental soldiers.
B) that women could vote.
C) to reject the peace and keep fighting Britain.
D) to increase taxes.

44. During the Paris peace accords, an official from which nation refused to recognize the
American delegates as his political equals?
A) Spain
B) Britain
C) France
D) Indian

45. What was the name given to the peace accord that ended the Revolutionary War and
granted the United States recognition as a free, sovereign, and independent state?
A) Constitutional Convention
B) Treaty of Britain
C) Treaty of Paris
D) Colonial Peace Accord

46. Why did some British soldiers remain in the United States even after the war was
officially ended and U.S. independence was secured?
A) To anger the patriots
B) To protect their assets
C) To prepare for the next war
D) To fight Indians

47. How many African Americans were freed by the British at the end of the Revolutionary
War?
A) 300
B) 3,000
C) 13,000
D) 30,000

48. Where did a sizable group of newly freed blacks settle after the Revolutionary War?
A) Massachusetts
B) Africa
C) Nova Scotia
D) England

Page 10
49. What does Deborah Champion mean by “Mother Country” in the following passage?

Everywhere we heard the same thing, love for the Mother Country, but stronger than
that, that she must must give us our rights, that we were fighting not for independence,
though that might come and would be the war-cry if the oppression of unjust taxation
was not removed. Nowhere was a cup of imported tea offered us. It was a glass of milk,
or a cup of “hyperion” the name they gave to a tea made of raspberry leaves. We heard
that it would be almost impossible to avoid the British, unless by going so far out of the
way that too much time would be lost, so plucked up what courage I could as darkness
began to come on at the close of the second day.
A) Massachusetts
B) The United States
C) Great Britain
D) France

50. Deborah Sampson/Robert Shurtliff played a famous role

A) at the Battle of Bunker Hill.
B) at the surrender at Yorktown.
C) in the mutiny in Pennsylvania.
D) at the Battle of Lexington.

Page 11
Answer Key
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. B
9. A
10. D
11. C
12. D
13. B
14. A
15. B
16. D
17. B
18. C
19. B
20. A
21. B
22. C
23. A
24. B
25. A
26. C
27. D
28. B
29. C
30. B
31. A
32. B
33. C
34. A
35. B
36. A
37. C
38. D
39. D
40. B
41. B
42. B
43. A
44. C

Page 12
45. C
46. D
47. B
48. C
49. C
50. C

Page 13
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1003

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445

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721

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741

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682

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752

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749

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908

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915

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704

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747

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716

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477

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704

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