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 ·-
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RESIDENTIAL BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR

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MARK HUTH
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 Table of Contents vii

Coping Saw .................................... 153 Nail Guns .......................................... 171

Wallboard Saw •.••••..•••..•••...•.•.•••••.•.. 153 Inspection and Defects •.••••...•••.••••.. 172
Utility Knife •.....•.•.••..•.•...••...•.•.•.••..•.. 153 Using a Nail Gun .•.•.•...•.••••...•.•.•.••.. 172
Inspection and Defects ••••••••••••••••••• 154 Powder-Actuated Tools •••••••••••••••••••••••• 17 3
Snips ................................................ 154 Torches ............. ................................ 173
Inspection and Defects .••...•.•...••..•.. 154 Inspection and Defects •.••.•...•.•.••••.. 174
Pipe and Tubing Cutters •..•••...•.•.•.••..•.. 154 Safety with Torches .•...•..•••...•.•.•.••.. 17 4
Inspection and Defects ••••••••••••••••••• 155 Soldering a Pipe Fitting •••••••••••••••••• 174
Flaring Tool ....................................... 155 Summary ........................................... 175
Operating Instructions .•••...•.•.•••••.•.. 155 Review Questions .••.•.•.•.•.•.••••...•.•.•.••.. 175
Swaging Tool .....•.•.••..•.•...••...•.•.•.••..•.. 156 Activities ••••..••.•..••.•.•.•.•.••••••...•.•.••••.. 176
Summary ........................................... 156
Review questions ............................... 15 7 CHAPTER 16
Activities .•..•.....•.••••..•.•...••...•.•...••..•.. 158
Fasteners 179
Glossary of Fasteners Terms ••••...•.•.•.••.. 179
CHAPTER 15
Nails ................................................ 180
Power Tools- Construction, Driving Nails •.•••.•.•.••••••••••.•••••.••••.. 180
Use, and Care 161 Common Nails ..••.•.•.•...•.••••...•.•.•.••.. 181
Glossary of Power Tools- Sinker Nails •....••.•.•.•...•.••••...•.•.••••.. 182
Construction, Use, and Care Terms •••• 161 Box Nails ....................................... 182
Power Tool Construction •••••••••••••••••••••• 162 Finishing Nails .••.•.•.•.•.••••••...•••.••••.. 182
Motors .•.••.....•.•.••..•.•..•••...•.•.•.••..•.. 162 Casing Nails •.•..••.•.•.•...•.••••...•.•.••••.. 182
Cordless Tools •.••••..•.•..•••...•.•.•.••..•.. 162 Duplex Nails •••.••••••••••••.•••••..••••••••.. 182
Insulation and Grounding •••••••••••.•••• 162 Roofing Nails ................................. 182
Pneumatic Tools ............................. 163 Masonry Nails ................................ 182
Bearings .••.....•.•.••..•.•..•••...•.•.•••••.•.. 163 Staples .•••.••.•.•••.•.•.•...••••••...•.•.••••.. 182
Power Tool Safety .•.••..•.•...••...•.•.••••..•.. 16 3 Brads •.••••..••.•.•••.•.•...•.•.••••...•.•.••••.. 183
Portable Circular Saw •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 164 Nail Gun Nails ................................ 183
Inspection and Defects ••••••••••••••••••• 164 Screws .............................................. 183
Crosscutting-Cutting Off a Wood Screws .•..••.•.•.•.•.•.••••...•.•.•.••.. 183
Piece of a Board .•.•..•••...•.•.•.•••.•.. 164 Drywall Screws •••.•.•...•.••••••...•.•.••••.. 183
Ripping ......................................... 165 Particleboard Screws and
Making Plunge Cuts •••••••••••••••••••••••• 166 Deck Screws ............................... 183
Jig Saw •.•.•.••.....•.•.••..•.•..•••...•.•.••••..•.. 166 Sheet Metal Screws •.•...•.••••...•.•.•.••.. 184
Inspection and Defects .••...•.•.••••..•.. 16 7 Lag Screws .••.•.•••.•.•...•.•.••••...•.•.•.••.. 184
Using a Jig Saw .............................. 16 7 Bolts ................................................ 184
Making Plunge Cuts •••••••••••••••••••••••• 167 Cap Screws ..................................... 184
Reciprocating Saw •.••..•.•..•••...•.•.•.••..•.. 168 Stove Bolts ••.•..••.•••.•.•.•.••••...•.•.•.••.. 185
Inspection and Defects •••...•.•.•.•••.•.. 168 Carriage Bolts .•••.•.•...•.•..•••...•.•.•.••.. 185
Using a Reciprocating Saw ••••••••••••••• 168 Washers ........................................ 186
Drills ................................................ 168 Anchors ............................................ 186
Inspection and Defects •••...•.•.•••••.•.. 169 Wedge Anchors •••.•.•.•...•..•.•...•.•.••••.. 186
Using a Power Drill .•.•...••...•.•.••••..•.. 170 Sleeve Anchors •••.•.•...•.•.••••...•.•.•.••.. 187
Using a Drill to Drive Screws •••••••••••• 170 Split-Fast Anchors •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 187
Hammer Drills •.••••.••••••••••..•.•.••••..•.• 171 Lag Shields .................................... 187

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viii Table of Contents

Concrete Screws .••.•••.•.•.•.•.•••.••.•.•••. 18 7 CHAPTER 18

Hammer-Drive Anchors .•.•.•••••.••.•..••. 188 Rigging 203
Split-Ribbed Plastic Anchors •..••.•..••. 188
Glossary of Rigging Terms ••••••••••••••••••• 203
Hollow-Wall Fasteners ••••••••••••••••••••• 188
Slings •••...•.•..••.•.•...•.•..•••...•.•.••••.••..•.• 203
Toggle Bolts ................................... 189
Wire Rope •.•.•••.•.•...•.•..•••..••.•.••••..•..•.. 204
Plastic Toggles .•.••.•••.•.•.•...••..••.•..••. 189
Construction •••••..••••••••..••••.••••••••••.• 204
Molly Screws ••..•.••.•••...•.•.•.••..••....••. 189
Wire Rope Cores ..•.••.•••...•.•.••••..•..•.. 205
E-Z Anchors .••..•.••.•••.•.•.•.•.•••.••....••. 190
Lay and Rope Design .•••..••.•.••••..•..•.. 205
Summary ........................................... 191 Inspection of Wire Rope ..•.•.••••..•..•.• 205
Review Questions .•.••.•••...•.•.••••..••....••. 191
Web Slings ........................................ 208
Activities ..•.•.••••..•.••..••.•.•.•...•••.••....••. 192
Construction .................................. 208
Inspection of Synthetic Slings •..•..•.• 209
CHAPTER 17
Chain Slings ..••.•.•...•.•..•••..••.•.••••..•..•.. 212
Adhesives and Sealants 193 General Requirements for Use of
Glossary of Adhesives and All Slings ...................................... 215
Sealants Terms ............................... 19 3 Effect of Angle on Sling
Adhesives .•.•.••••..•.••.•••...•.•.•.••..••.•.•••. 193 Capacity ••.•.•.....•..•••..••.•.••••..•..•.• 218
Natural Adhesives •.•••.•.•.•.•.••..••.•..••. 194 Hardware Attachments •••••••••••••••••••••••• 219
Synthetic Adhesives •••••••••••••••••••••••• 194 Hooks ........................................... 219
Common Construction Adhesives •••••••••• 195 Other Sling Hardware •••..••.•.••••..•..•.• 219
Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA) .•.•.•••.••.•..••. 195 Thimbles ..•••.•.•...•.•..•••..••.•.••••..•..•.. 219
Using Pva Glue •.•••...•.•...••..••....••. 195 Wire Rope Clips .............................. 220
Polyurethane Glue .......................... 195 Crane Operations ................................ 220
Using Polyurethane Glue •••••••••••••• 196 Summary ........................................... 223
Epoxy •...•.•.••••..•.••.•••...•.•.•.••..••....••. 196 Review Questions •...•.•..•••..••.•.••••..•..•.. 2 24
Using Epoxy Adhesives .•.••..••....••. 196 Activities ••....••.•.•...•.•...••..••.•.••••..•..•.. 2 2 6
Construction Adhesive .•.•.•.••..••....••. 19 6
Using Construction Adhesive •••••••• 196
Contact Cement ••••••••••.•.••••••••••••••••• 19 7
SECTION 5
Using Contact Cement to
PRINT READING
Adhere Plastic Laminate .••....••. 198
Silicone .............. .......... ................ 198
CHAPTER 19
Using Silicone ••.•••.•.•.•.••••..••••.•••. 198
Sealants •...•.•.••••..•.••..••.•.•.•.•.••..••.•..••. 19 9 Views 233
Silicone •.•.••••..•.••..••...•.•.••••..••....••. 199 Glossary of Views Terms •••••••••••••••••••••• 233
Water-Based Caulks •••••••••••••••••••••••• 199 Isometric Drawings •..•.••••.•.•.•.••••..•..•.• 233
Synthetic Rubber Sealants ..••..••.•..••. 199 Oblique Drawings •...•.•..•••..••.•.••••..•..•.. 234
Butyl Sealant •..•.••.•••...•.•.•.••..••....••. 199 Orthographic Projection .••..••.•.••••..•..•.. 234
Summary •.••••.••••..••••.•••.•.•.•.••••.•••....••. 199 Summary ........................................... 238
Review Questions ............................... 200 Review Questions •...•.•..••••.••.•.••••..•..•.. 238
Activities .••.•.••••..•.••.•••..••.•.•••••.••.•..••. 201 Activities .•.•.•••.•.•...•.•..•••..••.•.••••..•..•.• 240

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Edi1orial review has deemed 1ha1 any suppressed contenl does nol materially affect the overnll learning experience. Cengage Leam ing reserves 1he right to remove additional contenl at any time if subsequent righls res1rictions require it
 Table of Contents ix

CHAPTER 20 Foundation Plans ............................... 270

Scales 241 Floor Plans ........................................ 271
Building Layout.............................. 271
Glossary of Scales Terms ..................... 241
Dimensions .................................... 273
Scale Drawings ................................... 241
Other Features of Floor Plans ........... 2 73
Reading an Architect's Scale ...•.•.•.••..•.. 241
Summary ........................................... 274
Summary ••..•..........•...•.....•....•...•.••..... 244
Review Questions ............................... 275
Review Questions .••••..•.•..•••...•.•.•••••.•.. 245
Activities .......................................... 276
Activities .......................................... 246

CHAPTER 24
CHAPTER 21
Elevations 277
Alphabet of Lines 247
Glossary of Elevations Terms ................ 2 77
Glossary of Alphabet of Lines Terms ..... 247
Orienting Elevations ........................... 277
Object Lines ...................................... 247
Information on Building Elevations ...... 280
Dashed Lines .....•.•.••..•.•...••...•.•.•.••..•.. 24 7
Summary ...••..••.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•..•.•.•.•.•.••••.. 281
Extension Lines and Dimension Lines ... 249
Review Questions ............................... 282
Centerlines ....................................... 250
Activities .......................................... 283
Leaders ............................................. 250
Cutting-Plane Lines ••..•.•..•••...•.•.•.••..•.. 251
CHAPTER 25
Summary •.•.••.....•.•.••..•.•..•••...•.•.•.••..•.. 252
Review Questions ............................... 253 Sections and Details 285
Activities .......................................... 254 Glossary of Sections and
Details Terms ................................. 285
CHAPTER 22 Sections ............................................ 285
Other Large-Scale Details .................... 288
Use of Symbols 255
Orienting Sections and Details ............. 291
Glossary of Use of Symbols Terms •.••..•.. 255 Summary ........................................... 292
Door and Window Symbols ................... 255 Review Questions ............................... 292
Material Symbols ............................... 256 Activities .......................................... 293
Electrical and Mechanical Symbols ....... 256
Reference Marks •.•.••..•.•...••...•.•.•.••..•.. 258 Appendix A 295
Abbreviations .................................... 258
Summary ••..••.....•..•••..•.•...••...•.•.•.•••.•.. 264
Appendix B 297
Review Questions .••••..•.•..•••...•.•.•.••..... 266 Glossary 303
Activities .......................................... 267
Glosario 307

CHAPTER 23 Index 311

Plan Views 269

Glossary of Plan Views Terms ..•.•.•.••..•.. 269
Site Plans •..•.....•.••••..•.•...••...•.•.••••..•.. 269

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Edi1orial review has deemed 1ha1 any suppressed contenl does nol materially affect the overnll learning experience. Cengage Leaming reserves 1he right to remove additional contenl at any time if subsequent righls res1rictions require it
PREFACE

RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION ACADEMY:

BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR CONSTRUCTION,
FIFTH EDITION

ABOUT THE RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION ACADEMY SERIES

ne of the most pressing problems confronting the building industry today is the shortage of skilled labor.

O The construction industry must recruit an estimated 185,000 new craft workers each year to meet future
needs. This shortage is expected to continue well into the next decade because of projected job growth and
a decline in the number of available workers. At the same time, the training of available labor is becoming an
increasing concern throughout the country. This lack of training opportunities has resulted in 200,000 unfilled
construction sector jobs in 2018. This challenge is affecting all the construction trades and is threatening the
ability of builders to construct quality homes.
These challenges led to the creation of the innovative Residential Construction Academy Series. The Residential
Construction Academy Series is the perfect way to introduce people of all ages to the building trades while guid-
ing them in the development of essential workplace skills, including carpentry; electrical wiring; heating, ventila-
tion, and air conditioning (HVAC); plumbing; masonry; and facilities maintenance (also referred to as building
construction technology). The products and services offered through the Residential Construction Academy are
the result of cooperative planning and rigorous joint efforts between industry and education. The program was
originally conceived by the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB)-the premier association of more than
140,000 members in partnership with the Home Builders Institute (HBI), a leading career training provider in the
residential construction industry.
For the first time, construction professionals and educators created national skills standards for the construc-
tion trades. In the summer of 2001, NAHB and HBI began the process of developing residential craft standards in
six trades: carpentry, electrical wiring, HVAC, plumbing, masonry, and facilities maintenance. Groups of employers
from across the country met with an independent research and measurement organization to begin the develop-
ment of new craft training standards. Care was taken to ensure representation of builders and remodelers, residen-
tial and light commercial, custom single family, and high production or volume builders. The guidelines from the
National Skills Standards Board were followed in developing the new standards. In addition, the process met or
exceeded American Psychological Association standards for occupational credentialing.
Next, through a partnership between HBI and ( engage Learning, learning materials- textbooks and instruc-
tor's curriculum and teaching tools-were created to teach these standards effectively. A foundational tenet of
this series is that students learn by doing . Integrated into this colorful, highly illustrated text are Procedure
sections designed to help students apply information through hands-on, active application. A constant focus of
the Residential Construction Academy is teaching the skills needed to be successful in the construction indust ry
and constantly applying the learning to real-world applications.
In 2009, the Home Builders Institute enhanced the Residential Construction Academy Series by adding
industry Program Credentialing and Certification for both students and instructors. National Instructor Certification
ensures consistency in instructor teaching/ training methodologies and knowledge competency when teaching to
the industry's national skills standards. Student Certification is offered for each trade area of the Residential
Construction Academy Series in the form of rigorous testing. Instructor and Student Certification serve the basis
for Program Credentialing offered by HBI. For more information on HBI Program Credentialing and Instructor and
Student Certification, please go to www.hbi.org.
x
Copyright 2020 Cengage Le3111ing. All Rights Reserved. May nol be copied, scanned. or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights. some third party content may be suppressed from the e Book and/or eC hapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppres!ied content does not materially affect the over.1ll le:1rning experience. Cengage Leaming reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it
 :, I\.,,, •
• ( • I ..,
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ABOUT
THIS BOOK

hether an individual chooses a career as a skilled crafts person or is striving to become a general contractor,

W Basic Principles for Construction, fifth edition, provides the necessary background for understanding the
construction industry and the basic skills for learning a specific trade.
Basic Principles for Construction, fifth edition, is an outstanding resource for new and advancing construction
students or for those considering entering a construction program. This text provides a solid foundation to learn
the major trade areas-carpentry, electrical wiring, HVAC, plumbing, and facilities maintenance. It introduces
students to the industry-explaining how it is organized and how to successfully gain employment-and also
covers the need-to-know information for the daily activities associated with working in the industry, including
safety, basic math, tools, and blueprint reading .

ORGANIZATION
This textbook is organized in a logical sequence that is easy to learn and teach and is divided into five major
sections:
• Section 1: The Construction Industry is designed to provide students with background on the industry.
It introduces students to the organization and leadership structure, as well as the importance of ethics,
teamwork, and effective communications with others to successfully complete a job. In addition, a new
chapter, on green building, introduces readers to green building principles and job site practices while they
plan and execute their work.
• Section 2: Safety covers all-important elements of safely working on a job site, including working with
electricity, hazardous materials, scaffolding, ladders, and compressed air. It also covers Occupational Safety
and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations, practical housekeeping, and personal protective equipment
to ensure safe work habits.
• Section 3: Construction Math reviews the basic math skills and how to practically apply these skills on
the job. Examples and practice problems are integrated into the chapters to increase student aptitude in
working out various construction problems. The section concludes with a chapter on combined operations,
which illustrates the necessity of having the ability to utilize several math skills in completing a single job.
• Section 4: Tools and Fasteners introduces students to the selection, use, and care of the various hand and
power tools required to complete a job, as well as diffe rent types of adhesives and fasteners. The section
also includes a chapter on the basics of rigging as it applies to residential construction.
• Section 5: Print Reading emphasizes the elements and features of basic residential blueprints and how to
accurately read them. Activities at the end of each chapter encourage students to practice their blueprint
reading skills.

NEW TO THIS EDITION

The fifth edition of Basic Principles for Construction reflects the latest practices in the industry, including:
• New chapter on adhesives and sealants. • Updated learning objectives, additional key
• New coverage of nail guns and nail-gun safety. terms, and caution content.

xi
Copyright 2020 Cengage Le3111ing. All Rights Reserved. May nol be copied, scanned. or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights. some third party content may be suppressed from the e Book and/or eC hapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppres!ied content does not materially affect the over.1ll le:1rning experience. Cengage Leaming reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it
xii About this Book

FEATURES
This innovative series was designed with input from educators and industry and informed by the curriculum and training
objectives established by the Standards Committee. The following features aid learning:

A SUCCESS STORY opens each section, providing

insights, advice, and motivation from professionals
working in a variety of construction trades and offering
an insider's view of construction as a career.

LEARNING FEATURES
such as the Objectives
and Glossary of Terms
set the stage for the
coming body of knowl-
edge and help the learner
identify key concepts and
information. These learn-
ing features serve as a
road map throughout
each chapter and offer a
practical resource for ref-
erence and review.

Copyright 2020 Cengage Le3111ing. All Rights Reserved. May nol be copied, scanned. or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights. some third party content may be suppressed from the e Book and/or eC hapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppres!ied content does not materially affect the over.1ll le:1rning experience. Cengage Leaming reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it
 Abo u t t hi s Book xiii

A GLOSSARY and a combined

GLOSARIO in the back of the
book provide a handy reference
for students and instructors,
written in both English and
Spanish.

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CAUTION features highlight safety issues and present
urgent safety reminders for those working with the
various tools in the industry-so that students can
avoid potential mishaps.

1,i. ...... _

EXAMPLES and PRACTICE PROBLEMS integrated into

PROBLEMS
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the math chapters illustrate for students, step by step,
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the various methods of working out construction prob-
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lems. In addition, it encourages them to practice and
improve their math skills.

Copyright 2020 Cengage Le3111ing. All Rights Reserved. May nol be copied, scanned. or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights. some third party content may be suppressed from the e Book and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppres!ied content does not materially affect the over.1ll le:1rning experience. Cengage Leaming reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it
xiv Abo u t t his Book

REVIEW QUESTIONS are designed to reinforce the

information in the chapter as well as give students the
opportunity to think about what has been Learned and
what they have accomplished.

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ACTIVITIES complete each chapter where applicable

and are intended to provide students with a practi-
cal "hands-on" experience as it relates to the reading
within the text. Everything from identification of tools
to Internet research, critical thinking, and building-
these activities bring the key points of the chapter to
Life!

TURNKEY CURRICULUM AND TEACHING MATERIAL PACKAGE

We understand that a text is only one part of a complete, turnkey educational system. We also understand that inst ructors
want to spend their time on teac hing, not preparing to teach. The Residential Construction Academy series is committed
to providing thorough curriculum and preparatory materials to aid instructors and alleviate some of those heavy prepara-
tion commitments. An integrated teaching solution is ensured with this text, including the MindTap, Instructor's Resource
CD and Companion website, a printed Instructor's Resource Guide, and Student Workbook.

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppres!ied content does not materially affect the over.1ll le:1rning experience. Cengage Leaming reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it
 About this Book xv

MINDTAP
MindTap is a personalized teaching experience with relevant assignments that guide students to analyze, apply, and
improve thinking, allowing you to measure skills and outcomes with ease.
• Personalize Teaching: Becomes YOURS with a Learning Path that is built with key student objectives. Control what
students see and when they see it. Match your syllabus exactly by hiding, rearranging, or adding your own content.
• Guide Students: Goes beyond the traditional "lift and shift" model by creating a unique learning path of relevant read-
ings, multimedia, and activities that move students up the learning taxonomy from basic knowledge and comprehension
to analysis and application .
• Measure Skill and Outcomes: Analytics and reports provide a snapshot of class progress, time on task, engagement, and
completion rates.

INSTRUCTOR RESOURCE CD
The Instructor Resource CD is a complete guide to classroom management. Designed as an integrated package, the CD
offers the instructor many valuable tools, including an electronic version of the print Instructor's Resource Guide, Power-
Point presentations, Computerized Testbank in ExamView, and an Image Gallery.

INSTRUCTOR'S RESOURCE GUIDE

This Instructor's Resource Guide, available in print, provides a step-by-step breakdown of the key points found in each
chapter, along with "Teaching Tips" and correlating PowerPoint presentation slides, creating a completely streamlined
and integrated approach to teaching. Also included are answers to the Review Questions that appear at the end of each
chapter, as well as answers to the exercises in the workbook.

INSTRUCTOR COMPANION WEBSITE

This is an educational resource that creates a truly electronic classroom. It is a website containing tools and instructional
resources that enrich your classroom and make your preparation time shorter. The elements of the Instructor Companion
Website link directly to the text and tie together to provide a unified instructional system. With the Instructor Compan-
ion Website you can spend your time teaching, not preparing to teach. The website contains the materials found on the
Instructor Resource CD, including an electronic copy of the Instructor's Resource Guide with answers to the book and
workbook questions, PowerPoint presentations, ExamView Testbank, and Image Gallery.

WORKBOOK
Designed to accompany Residential Construction Academy: Basic Principles for Construction, fifth edition, the workbook is
an extension of the core text and provides additional review questions and problems designed to challenge and reinforce
the student's comprehension of the content presented in the core text.

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ABOUT
THE AUTHOR

ark Huth authored this textbook for many years, bringing a wealth of industry experience to his writing-

M first working as a carpenter, contractor, building construction teache r, and then as a publisher of
construction textbooks. Mark passed away unexpectedly on September 5, 2018. True to his admirable
work ethic, he had already finished this edition's manuscript ahead of schedule. The (engage team and the many
whose Lives were touched by his as a teacher, author, and colleague remember him gratefully.
Mark's career allowed him to consult with hundreds of construction educators in high schools, colleges, and
universities. Basic Principles for Construction was shaped by his observations of the difficulties students have
in studying construction and by the outstanding programs offered at the best schools in the country. He also
authored several other successful construction titles, including Construction Technology, Basic Blueprint Reading
for Construction, Understanding Construction Drawings, and Practical Problems in Mathematics for Carpenters.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
any experts within the field contributed their time and expertise to the project. The National Association

M of Home Builders, Home Builders Institute, (engage, and the author extend their sincere appreciation to

John Breece Joseph Dusek

Red Rocks Community College Triton College
Lakewood, CO River Grove, IL
Shannon Brown Earl Garrick
Minico High School Pima Community College
Rupert, ID Tucson, AZ
Chloveta A. Caudill David Gehlauf
Treasure Lake Job Corps Tri-County Vocational School
Indiahoma, OK Nelsonville, OH
George Chapman Fred Hayes
Instructor support, Home Builders Institute Building Construction Technologies Instructor
Crestview, FL Highlands Youth Academy
Defuniak spring, FL Avon Park, FL
Paul Drake Sebring, FL
Red Rock Job Corps Center
Lopez, PA
xvi
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 Acknowledgments xvii

Larry Kness Lee Morris

Southeast Community College Construction Education Services
Milford, NE Griffin, GA
Michael E. Long, Sr. Bruce Purdy
Little Rock Job Corps Grove City High School
Little Rock, AR Grove City, OH
Daryl Martinez Deanne Robertson
Job Corps HBI Project Coordinator
Tahlequah, OK Colorado Springs, CO
Mark Martin David Robinson
HBI Penobscot Job Corp Center LA Trade Technical College
Bangor, ME Los Angeles, CA
Waylon Mcgowin Merl Rogers
BCT instructor LA Trade Technical College
Okaloosa Youth Academy Los Angeles, CA
Crestview, FL Tony Sorensen
Milton, FL Clearfield Job Corps
Steve Miller Clearfield, UT
Construction Technology Consultant Les Stackpole
North Carolina Department of Education Eastern Maine Technical College
Raleigh, NC Bangor, ME
Jason Monroe Rod Trump
Lead Instructor BCT Program York Technical College
North Texas Job Corps Rock Hill, SC
Ed Moore Kevin Ward
York Technical College McEachern High School
Rock Hill, SC Powder Springs, GA

The publisher wishes to express a special thanks to Stephen McArthur of York Technical College in Rock Hill,
South Carolina, for his contributions to this revision, especially in light of Mark's passing. The (engage team is
particularly grateful for Stephen's input and diligence, which ensured this edition stayed true to Mark's vision.

Copyright 2020 Cengage Le3111ing. All Rights Reserved. May nol be copied, scanned. or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights. some third party content may be suppressed from the e Book and/or eC hapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppres!ied content does not materially affect the over.1ll le:1rning experience. Cengage Leaming reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it
 Copyright 2020 Cengage Leaming. All Rights Reserved. May nol be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due 10 elec1ronic rights. some lhird party content may be suppressed from 1he e Book and/or eChapter(s).
Edi1orial review has deemed 1ha1 any suppressed contenl does nol materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Leaming reserves 1he right to remove additional contenl at any time if subsequent rights restrictions req uire it
SECTION ONE

THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppres!ied content does not materially affect the over.1ll le:1rning experience. Cengage Leaming reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it

MICHAEL E. C. SURGUY
TITLE
Owner, Michael E. C. Surguy Carpenter Contrac-
tors, Inc., New Providence, NJ
EDUCATION
Michael completed high school and attended
vocational school studying carpentry. He later
obtained his associate degree in occupational
studies from the State University of New York at
Delhi.
HISTORY
After working as a carpenter and woodworker for
a number of years, Michael established his own
business; he is the sole owner of Michael E. C.
Surguy Carpenter Contractors, Inc. Michael's com-
pany does basic framing to complex remodeling
and additions, working on $3-$4 million homes.
A recipient of the Community Builders Association
of New Jersey's Sub-Contractor of the Year Award,
Surguy is one of New Jersey's specialized carpen-
try contractors.
ON THE JOB
In a typical day, Michael says, "I need to be on the
job. I don't just set up my guys and leave. I have a
tool belt on every day. People pay me to be there
_____ .,. _____ _..,_
o.,,dilll:111111~1-*9-Al.__...,
............. -
and work. If I'm not there, the work doesn't get
done. If you get the job, you need to be there and
run the job."
BEST ASPECTS
Michael has a deep commitment to his work:
"You really need to enjoy it and be passionate
about it. I don't think it's with every type of
job. In carpentry, you are using your head and
your body. There's no price to pay for the wear
and tear on your body. Every piece of wood you
need to carry with passion . If you show up for
work in the morning, and you're thinking that
it's too heavy or it's too cold outside, you won't
do it."
CHALLENGES
While Michael shares that the carpentry business
has been good to him, he explains that building a
business is stressful: "When I started out, I lived
at my parents' house. I made nothing for the first
three years, but my guys always got paid. I got
my tools and paid my insurance. If I hadn't lived
at home, there's no way I could have done it."
Michael says he built his reputation doing jobs
that he thought he could do and being honest
with his bids, breaking down each job, figuring
out the cost of materials and employees. At first,
he took on small jobs, which turned into bigger
jobs. He started out as sole proprietor and then
became a corporation with employees. "Now it's
a different ballgame. You have to have liability
insurance. It's a business," he notes.
Michael also comments on the challenges of deal-
ing with changes in the economy: "You can't just
frame now. There's not enough work. Four years
ago, Surguy Construction was doing seven to
eight custom houses each year. Now we're only
..-............
.....--.~i....s-..
- ........ - .. - . ...,....,
. _____ _,_,,
_ _ _ _ ... _ __ __
... _...,._
_ .........
IOopla(,~
doing three or four a year." In response to the
economic downturn, Michael has diversified and
is now doing exterior detail and cedar siding: "We
reframe them, do all the exterior stuff, all the sof-
fit work, and bevel siding."
IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION
Michael persevered in school, committed to learn-
ing: "When I finished Delhi, I did a lot of studying
on my own with trigonometry. I studied a lot at
night on my own and took night classes. I bought
carpentry books and studied out of those." When
he was starting his business, he prepared himself
to be a one-man operation: "I knew that when I
started out, I wouldn't have a crew. I can probably
pull a five-guy job with just two guys. I kept a
smaller crew but produced just as much work."
FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES
Michael is greatly concerned with the economy
and its effects on the home-building business.
He is hoping to make it through these tough
times: "In the last four years, I started making
money. Last year was a bad year, but this year
has started off well. No one knows what is going
to happen."
WORDS OF ADVICE
Michael recalls the advice of his favorite instructor
at Delhi: "You can either learn the right way, or
you can learn the wrong way. But if you learn
the wrong way, you will always work the wrong
way." And to this he adds advice from his own
experience: "You have to do work to get work.
If you don't do work, people won't know you."
 Copyright 2020 Cengage Leaming. All Rights Reserved. May nol be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due 10 elec1ronic rights. some lhird party content may be suppressed from 1he e Book and/or eChapter(s).
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 - -( I 'I I \ \, " ''
: l \I ~· / , ,
1 \, - ',r /

CHAPTER ONE
ORGANIZATION OF THE
INDUSTRY

OBJECTIVES
After completing this chapter, the student should be able to:
• Describe five or more potential careers in • Describe the major forms of business ownership
construction. and the differences between them.
• Explain the roles of architects, engineers, city • Explain what a building code is.
building officials, and contractors. • List three things that a union or trade association
does for its members.

GLOSSARY OF ORGANIZATION OF THE INDUSTRY TERMS

apprentice a person who is being developer the person or company semiskilled Labor workers with
trained to work in the building that buys undeveloped land and very limited training or skills in the
trades. Apprentices attend classes works with architects and contrac- construction trades.
and work under the supervision of a tors to develop it into more valuable skilled trades the building
skilled craftsman. property. trades-carpenters, electricians,
contractor the person who owns the journeyman a skilled craft worker plumbers, painters, and so on .
construction business. Contractors who has completed an apprenticeship These occupations require training
enter into contracts with customers or otherwise proved his or her ability and skill. The skilled trades are
to do specified construction work. in the trade. The term journeyman is often referred to as the crafts.
Contractors hire workers or other gender neutral and is used to refer to sole proprietorship a business
subcontractors to complete the con- both male and female workers. whose owner and operator are the
tracted work. Laborer an unskilled or semiskilled same person.
corporation a form of business own- worker on a construction site. subcontractor a contractor who
ership in which people who are not model code a suggested building is performing work for another
involved in operating the business code, intended to be adopted as-is contractor.
own shares of the company. The or with revisions to become an offi-
company is operated by a board of technicians technicians provide a
cial code of a particular government. link between the skilled trades and
directors.
partnership a form of business in the professions by using mathematics,
craft see skilled trades. which more than one person shares computer skills, specialized equip-
craft union members of a particular the ownership and operating duties ment, and knowledge of construction.
craft who are organized to work for of a company. unskilled Labor workers with no
the betterment of all members of the profession an occupation that specific training in the construction
group. Union members pay dues as a requires more than four years of col- trades. This term also applies to
requirement of their membership. lege and a license to practice. work that does not require training.

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6 SECTION 1 THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

he residential construction industry is a big

T sector of the U.S. economy. When the economy

of the nation is weak, there is often a decline in
new home construction. This is measured by the num-
ber of housing starts. As the economy improves, hous-
ing starts increase. Recently, there has been a strong
increase in housing starts, and the U.S. Department of
Labor estimates that the growth in construction jobs
will be greater than that for the total workforce. There
are opportunities for people to work at all levels in
the construction industry, from those who handle the
tools and materials on the jobsite to the senior engi-
neers and architects who spend most of their time in
offices. Few people spend their entire lives in a single
occupation, and even fewer spend their lives working
for only one employer. You should be aware of all the
opportunities in the construction industry so that you
can make career decisions in the future, even if you
are sure of what you want to do at this time.

CONSTRUCTION PERSONNEL
The occupations in the construction industry can be
divided into four categories:
• unskilled or semiskilled labor
• skilled trades or crafts
• technicians
• design and management

UNSKILLED OR SEMISKILLED LABOR FIGURE 1-1 This construction laborer is a

mason's tender.
Construction is labor-intensive. That means it requires
a lot of labor to produce the same dollar value of
end products by comparison with other industries, is familiar with the bricklayer's tools. Many laborers
where labor may be a smaller part of the picture. A go on to acquire additional skills and become skilled
construction worker with limited skills is called a workers. Laborers who specialize in a particular
laborer. Laborers are sometimes assigned the tasks trade are often paid slightly more than completely
of moving materials, running errands, and working unskilled laborers.
under the close supervision of a skilled worker. Their
work is strenuous, and so construction laborers must
be in excellent physical condition. Laborers may be SKILLED TRADES
unskilled, meaning they have no skills related to the A craft or skilled trade is an occupation that involves
trade they are helping; or they may be semiskilled, working with tools and materials and building struc-
with some skills, but not enough to be considered a tures. The building trades are the crafts that deal
skilled craftsperson. most directly with building construction (Fig. 1-2) .
Construction laborers are construction workers The skills required for employment in the build-
who have not reached a high level of skill in a par- ing trades can often be learned in an apprentice
ticular trade and are not registered in an appren- program . Apprenticeships are usually offered by
ticeship program. These laborers often specialize trade unions, trade associations, technical colleges,
in working with a particular trade, such as mason's and large employers. Apprentices attend class a few
tenders or carpenter's helpers (Fig. 1-1) . Although hours a week to learn the necessary theory. The rest
the mason's tender may not have the skill of a brick- of the week they work on a jobsite under the super-
layer, the maso n's tender knows how to mix mortar vision of a journeyman (a skilled worker who has
for particular conditions, can erect scaffolding, and completed the apprenticeship and has experience

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Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 German,
Russian, etc.
S p e c i a l n o t e s : The man
poses as a gentleman of great
distinction. Adopts a new role
every other day. Wears an
eyeglass. Always accompanied by
a young man—name unknown.
Charged with robbery.
A reward of 1000 pounds sterling
will be paid for the arrest of this
man.
Headquarters—Scotland Yard.
L o n d o n , 1st October 1908.
Police Inspector,
H o r n y.
[Inhoud]
Roman-Boekhandel voorheen A. Eichler
Fransch,
Duitsch,
Russisch enz.
enz.
Bijzondere kenteekenen:
Het optreden van den man
kenmerkt zich door bijzonder
goede manieren. Telkens een
ander uiterlijk. Draagt een
monocle. Is in gezelschap van een
jongeman, wiens naam onbekend.
Moet worden aangehouden als
dief. Voor zijn aanhouding betalen
wij een prijs van 1000 pond
sterling.
Het Hoofdbureau van Politie
Scotland-Yard.
L o n d e n , 1. Oktober 1908.
Inspecteur van Politie
(get.) H o r n y .
Singel 236—Amsterdam.
 Inhoudsopgave

I. EEN OUDE KENNIS. 1

II. EEN SCHURKACHTIG VOORSTEL. 5
III. HET VULKAAN-EILAND. 9
IV. RAFFLES WORDT PROCURATIEHOUDER. 15
V. HET VERRAAD. 19
VI. BEDROGEN. 24
 Colofon
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Metadata

Titel: Lord Lister No.

25: De
bankdirecteur
Auteur: Theo von Info
Blankensee https://viaf.org/viaf/8133268/
[Pseudoniem van
Mathias Blank
(1881–1928)]
Auteur: Kurt Matull Info
(1872–1930?) https://viaf.org/viaf/56770919/
Aanmaakdatum 2023-09-14
bestand: 19:29:47 UTC
Taal: Nederlands
(Spelling De
Vries-Te Winkel)
Oorspronkelijke [1911]
uitgiftedatum:
Trefwoorden: Detective and
mystery stories --
 Periodicals
Dime novels --
Periodicals

Codering

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2023-09-12 Begonnen.

Verbeteringen

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1 Garick- Garrick-
Theater Theater 1
Passim. [Niet in
bron] „ 1
2 [Niet in
bron] „„ 2
3, 3, 33 [Niet in
bron] . 1
5, 8, 10,
21, 21, Mac
27 Intosh McIntosh 2
Passim. Mc. Intosh McIntosh 2
5 antwoorde antwoordde 1
5 ”, ,” 2
Passim. mr. Mr. 1
6 Garrick Garrick-
theater theater 1
8, 10, 10,
17, 27 Mc Intosh McIntosh 1
13 intuitie intuïtie 1/0
14 ” „ 2
18, 19, Lincoln Lincoln-
25 Bank Bank 1
18 [Niet in
bron] ” 1
19 Schotland Scotland 1
20 milioenen millioenen 1
21, 21,
21, 21,
21, 22 Intosh McIntosh 2
22 mijn mij 1
24 Lincoln- Lincoln-
bank Bank 1
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27 alleen zat zat alleen 8
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27 ” [Verwijderd] 1
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bron] en 3
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