STUDY GUIDE- QUARTERLY EXAM 3.

PARTICIPATION BY COLLABORATION- stakeholders participate

during discussion, analysis and decision-making process.
4. EMPOWERMENT PARTICIPATION- stakeholders actively participate in
the process and in its analysis.
 HUMAN RIGHTS- basic individual entitlements, rights inherent to all human
being whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, POSITIVE ATTRIBUTES OF PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT
color
o Natural rights- life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness 1. Helps LGUs maximize the use of their sources
o Civil rights- privacy, property, religion, expression 2. Enhances trust in government
o Political rights- suffrage, petition, participation to the government 3. Reduces the likelihood of contentious confrontation before LGUs
o Social and economic rights- livelihood, education, housing, equal 4. Ensure continuity of plans
opportunities 5. Accurately identify problems, issues
NEGATIVE ATTRIBUTES OF PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT
 Social Justice- humanization of laws and equalization of social and economic
forces by the state. Protects human rights 1. Some organization only include certain voices from the community
2. Fall short in addressing inequalities
 4 pillars of community engagement 3. Tokenism
o Information- provide community with a clear and accurate information 4. Public relations gimmick to gain money, popularity
about a social issue
o Consultation- seeks details, feedback input from the community about a  Social Equity- fair access to opportunities such as livelihood, education and
social issue resources
o Involvement- seeks to engage community in the planning process  Gender equality- equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and
o Empowerment- provide community with the resources and skills to take men and girls and boys.
action
 Mode of community engagement
 PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT- directly involves local communities and o People Empowerment-processes that increase community autonomy
development projects. and individual self-determination.
 TOKENISM- critics accuse participatory development of tokenism o Advocacy- enabling marginalized groups and promoting their individual
 SOCIAL MOVEMENT PERSPECTIVE- characterized by the progressive rights
actions of a community in fighting injustices and inequalities
 INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE- scope and gathering of inputs by various  People Empowerment Activities
parties on a development project. o Trainings
o Mentoring
CORE CHARACTERISTICS OF PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT o Leadership activities
1. COGNITIVE- generates new ways of understand community issues and  Advocacy Activities
problems. o Public demonstrations
2. POLITICAL- capacitates the powerless o Protests
3. INSTRUMENTAL- propose alternative solutions o Communication tactics
FOUR FORMS OF PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT o Letter writing

1. PASSIVE PARTICIPATION- participation is at the minimum

2. PARTICIPATION BY CONSULTAION- decision-power remains in the
hands of external parties who are not obliged to actually use the stakeholder’s
input.