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(Download PDF) Nutrition Science and Applications 2nd Edition Smolin Test Bank Full Chapter
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 1
1) Which of the following foods represent the primary source of protein in the Canadian diet?
a) meats
b) dairy products
c) cereal products
d) fruits
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the sources of protein in the modern American diet.
Section Reference: 6.1 Protein in the Canadian Diet
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Distinguish between plant and animal proteins, with respect to nutrient composition.
Section Reference: 6.1 Protein in the Canadian Diet
3. Which nutrient found in plant-based protein foods is low in animal-based protein foods?
a) iron
b) zinc
c) calcium
d) fibre
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the sources of protein in the modern American diet.
Section Reference: 6.1 Protein in the Canadian Diet
4) Which statement best describes the protein intake of the Canadian population?
a) It is an area of concern because it is less that the minimum recommendation of 10% kcal.
b) It is not an area of concern as almost all Canadians consume more than the minimum amounts
recommended.
c) More than half of Canadians’ protein intake is from plant sources.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 2
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss the sources of protein in the modern American diet.
Section Reference: 6.1 Protein in the Canadian Diet
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the sources of protein in the modern American diet.
Section Reference: 6.1 Protein in the Canadian Diet
a) increased fertility.
b) lower blood levels of LDL cholesterol.
c) improved athletic performance.
d) reduced muscle fatigue.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the sources of protein in the modern American diet.
Section Reference: 6.1 Protein in the Canadian Diet
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the sources of protein in the modern American diet.
Section Reference: 6.1 Protein in the Canadian Diet
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 3
a) testosterone.
b) cortisol.
c) estrogen.
d) insulin.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the sources of protein in the modern American diet.
Section Reference: 6.1 Protein in the Canadian Diet
a) an amino group.
b) an acid group.
c) a phosphate group.
d) a side chain (functional group).
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the general structure and function of an amino acid, a polypeptide, and a
protein.
Section Reference: 6.2 Protein Molecules
10) Which amino acids can NOT be synthesized in sufficient amounts in the body?
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the general structure and function of an amino acid, a polypeptide, and a
protein.
Section Reference: 6.2 Protein Molecules
11) Which amino acids are essential in the diet, but only under certain conditions?
Answer: b
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 4
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the general structure and function of an amino acid, a polypeptide, and a
protein.
Section Reference: 6.2 Protein Molecules
12) Amino acid A can be synthesized from Amino acid B. Amino acid B must be obtained from the diet.
Which statement best describes Amino Acid A and B?
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Describe the general structure and function of an amino acid, a polypeptide, and a
protein.
Section Reference: 6.2 Protein Molecules
a) transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to a carbon-containing molecule to form a new amino
acid.
b) removal of the amino group from an amino acid.
c) removal of the acid group from an amino acid.
d) formation of a peptide bond by the removal of water.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the general structure and function of an amino acid, a polypeptide, and a
protein.
Section Reference: 6.2 Protein Molecules
14) What kind of bond links one amino acid to the next?
a) disulfide
b) ionic
c) glycosidic
d) peptide
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 5
Learning Objective: Describe the general structure and function of an amino acid, a polypeptide, and a
protein.
Section Reference: 6.2 Protein Molecules
a) glucose molecules.
b) amino acids.
c) sterols.
d) ketone bodies.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the general structure and function of an amino acid, a polypeptide, and a
protein.
Section Reference: 6.2 Protein Molecules
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) ten or more
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the general structure and function of an amino acid, a polypeptide, and a
protein.
Section Reference: 6.2 Protein Molecules
a) polypeptide
b) monopeptide
c) polysaccharide
d) glycogen
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the general structure and function of an amino acid, a polypeptide, and a
protein.
Section Reference: 6.2 Protein Molecules
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 6
18) Collagen is protein that has a shape like a lone braided rope, making it a source of strength for
connective tissue.” What is being described?
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Describe the general structure and function of an amino acid, a polypeptide, and a
protein.
Section Reference: 6.2 Protein Molecules
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Describe the general structure and function of an amino acid, a polypeptide, and a
protein.
Section Reference: 6.2 Protein Molecules
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the general structure and function of an amino acid, a polypeptide, and a
protein.
Section Reference: 6.2 Protein Molecules
a) transamination.
b) deamination.
c) denaturation.
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 7
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the general structure and function of an amino acid, a polypeptide, and a
protein.
Section Reference: 6.2 Protein Molecules
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Explain how the body digests and absorbs protein.
Section Reference: 6.3 Protein in the Digestive Tract
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain how the body digests and absorbs protein.
Section Reference: 6.3 Protein in the Digestive Tract
a) When dietary proteins are not absorbed and are eliminated in the feces.
b) When dietary proteins are filtered out of the blood and into the urine.
c) When dietary proteins are absorbed without being completely digested.
d) When dietary proteins provides amino acids that are not found in the human body.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain how the body digests and absorbs protein.
Section Reference: 6.3 Protein in the Digestive Tract
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 8
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Explain how the body digests and absorbs protein.
Section Reference: 6.3 Protein in the Digestive Tract
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain how the body digests and absorbs protein.
Section Reference: 6.3 Protein in the Digestive Tract
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of amino acids in the body.
Section Reference: 6.4 Protein in the Body
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 9
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of amino acids in the body.
Section Reference: 6.4 Protein in the Body
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of amino acids in the body.
Section Reference: 6.4 Protein in the Body
a) messenger RNA.
b) transcription.
c) translation.
d) All of the above answer choices are correct.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of amino acids in the body.
Section Reference: 6.4 Protein in the Body
31) What is the process of copying the information in DNA to a molecule of mRNA?
a) translation.
b) denaturation.
c) transamination.
d) transcription.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of amino acids in the body.
Section Reference: 6.4 Protein in the Body
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 10
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of amino acids in the body.
Section Reference: 6.4 Protein in the Body
33) What is involved in the synthesis of glucose from certain amino acids?
a) deamination.
b) transcription.
c) translation.
d) transamination.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of amino acids in the body.
Section Reference: 6.4 Protein in the Body
34) What is the waste product resulting from the conversion of an amino acid into glucose?
a) ketone bodies.
b) urea.
c) triglycerides.
d) ATP.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of amino acids in the body.
Section Reference: 6.4 Protein in the Body
35) Which of the following metabolic waste products is likely to increase in response to the process of
deamination?
a) urea
b) pyruvate
c) glycogen
d) bile
Answer: a
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 11
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of amino acids in the body.
Section Reference: 6.4 Protein in the Body
a) defense protein.
b) transport protein.
c) enzyme.
d) immune protein (antibody).
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of amino acids in the body.
Section Reference: 6.4 Protein in the Body
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of amino acids in the body.
Section Reference: 6.4 Protein in the Body
38) “Proteins that act as chemical signals tend to undergo rapid synthesis and degradation” What is being
described?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Gene expression
c) Protein turnover
d) Protein sequencing
Answer; c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of amino acids in the body.
Section Reference: 6.4 Protein in the Body
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 12
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of amino acids in the body.
Section Reference: 6.4 Protein in the Body
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of amino acids in the body.
Section Reference: 6.4 Protein in the Body
41) The synthesis of neurotransmitters from amino acids is an example of what type of synthesis?
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the functions of amino acids in the body.
Section Reference: 6.4 Protein in the Body
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 13
Learning Objective: Discuss the health consequences of protein malnutrition and the potential risks of a
high-protein diet.
Section Reference: 6.5 Protein, Amino Acids, and Health
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the health consequences of protein malnutrition and the potential risks of a
high-protein diet.
Section Reference: 6.5 Protein, Amino Acids, and Health
44) Which of the following can result from a deficiency of protein and energy?
a) PKU
b) marasmus
c) kidney stones
d) All of the above answer choices are correct.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the health consequences of protein malnutrition and the potential risks of a
high-protein diet.
Section Reference: 6.5 Protein, Amino Acids, and Health
45) Which of the following is a physical characteristic associated with kwashiorkor disease?
a) bloated abdomen
b) excess sweating
c) ringing in ears
d) sinus infection
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the health consequences of protein malnutrition and the potential risks of a
high-protein diet.
Section Reference: 6.5 Protein, Amino Acids, and Health
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 14
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss the health consequences of protein malnutrition and the potential risks of a
high-protein diet.
Section Reference: 6.5 Protein, Amino Acids, and Health
47) Adverse reactions including flushing, headache, rapid heartbeat, chest pain, and weakness have been
reported after the consumption of what compound?
a) phenylalanine.
b) isoflavones.
c) monosodium glutamate.
d) glycine.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the health consequences of protein malnutrition and the potential risks of a
high-protein diet.
Section Reference: 6.5 Protein, Amino Acids, and Health
48) Individuals with the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU) should limit their intake of foods
containing which compound?
a) glucose.
b) iron.
c) monosodium glutamate.
d) aspartame.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the health consequences of protein malnutrition and the potential risks of a
high-protein diet.
Section Reference: 6.5 Protein, Amino Acids, and Health
49) In which disease does gluten causes the body to attack the villi in the small intestine?
a) Kwashiorkor
b) Marasmus
c) Protein-energy malnutrition
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 15
d) Celiac disease
Answer: d
Learning Objective: Discuss the health consequences of protein malnutrition and the potential risks of a
high-protein diet.
Section Reference: 6.5 Protein, Amino Acids, and Health
50) Which of the following statements is recommended by Health Canada for those who have food
allergies?
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the health consequences of protein malnutrition and the potential risks of a
high-protein diet.
Section Reference: 6.5 Protein, Amino Acids, and Health
51) In the Health Canada’s Common Food Allergies booklet, which topic related to milk allergies is NOT
addressed?
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the health consequences of protein malnutrition and the potential risks of a
high-protein diet.
Section Reference: 6.5 Protein, Amino Acids, and Health
a) Celiac disease
b) Wheat allergy
c) Gluten sensitivity
d) None of the above
Answer: c
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 16
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss the health consequences of protein malnutrition and the potential risks of a
high-protein diet.
Section Reference: 6.5 Protein, Amino Acids, and Health
53) It was thought that high-protein diets were detrimental to bone health. Why is this not correct?
a) High protein diets increase calcium excretion and also decrease calcium absorption.
b) High protein diets increase calcium excretion and also increase calcium absorption
c) High protein diets decrease calcium excretion and also decrease calcium absorption.
d) High protein diets decrease calcium excretion and also increase calcium absorption.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss the health consequences of protein malnutrition and the potential risks of a
high-protein diet.
Section Reference: 6.5 Protein, Amino Acids, and Health
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs
a) body weight.
b) age.
c) health status.
d) All of the above answer choices are correct.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 17
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs
57) Consider the following list of steps in the IAAO method for determining protein requirements. Put
these steps in the right order.
1) A protein intake is reached when the carbon-13 levels in the breath levels off. Increasing protein
intake does not produce a further decline in breath carbon-13.
2) A subject is fed a carbon-13-labelled indicator amino acid at low levels of protein intake. Carbon-
13 is detected in the breath.
3) Protein intake is increased and carbon-13 in the breath declines.
a) 1,2, 3,
b) 3,2,1
c) 3, 1,2
d) 2,3, 1
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs
58) Which of the following groups has the highest protein requirement (amount of protein required per
unit of body weight)?
a) infants
b) adults who exercise
c) adult women
d) adult men
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs
59) Given the RDA for protein, what additional information is needed to determine how many grams of
protein a person should eat?
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 18
a) body weight.
b) urinary output.
c) height.
d) All of the above answer choices are correct.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs
a) 0.5g/ day.
b) 0.5g/week.
c) 0.8/ day.
d) 0.8/week.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs
61) Which is the best way to quickly determine the protein content of a food product?
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: List several databases that include protein content of food.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs
62) High protein diets tend to have what other compositional characteristics?
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 19
a) a measurement -determined by comparing the amount of nonessential amino acids in a food with that
in a reference protein.
b) the freshness of meat determined by the biological activity of the actin and myosin filaments.
c) how efficiently a protein in the diet can be used to make body proteins.
d) the ratio of nonessential to essential amino acids present in a food.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs
64) Which food group best provides enough protein and enough of each of the essential amino acids to
meet needs.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs
a) oils
b) fruits
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 20
c) dairy products
d) grains
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs
67) What is a consequence of a diet which provides foods of low protein quality?
a) weight gain.
b) an increase in nitrogen loss in the urine.
c) nitrogen retention in the body.
d) muscle atrophy.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs
68) What is the major difference between the PDCAAS and the DIAAS%?
a) the PDCAAS applies the digestibility of the entire protein to each amino acid, while DIAAS%
determines the digestibility of each amino acid
b) the PDCAAS determines the digestibility of each amino acid while DIAAS% applies the digestibility
of the entire protein to each amino acid,
c) the DIAAS% is determined from the amino acid with the highest DIAA reference ratio, while
PDCAAS is determined from the amino acid with the lowest content compared to a reference protein
d) the DIAAS% is determined from the amino acid with the lowest DIAA reference ratio, while
PDCAAS is determined from the amino acid with the highest content compared to a reference protein
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs
69) Which is NOT required to calculate the protein rating of a food product?
Answer: d
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 21
Difficulty: hard
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs
71) “A measure of protein quality determined by comparing the amount of nitrogen retained in the body
with the amount absorbed from the diet” What is being described?
a) chemical score.
b) biological value.
c) protein efficiency ratio.
d) net protein utilization.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs
72) Protein complementation is most important for which of the following people?
a) vegans.
b) Vegetaraians who eat fish
c) lacto-ovo vegetarians.
d) meat eaters.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs and 6.7 Meeting Needs with a Vegetarian Diet
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 22
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting Protein Needs
74) Name a pattern of food intake that eliminates all animal products.
a) lacto-ovo vegetarian.
b) vegan vegetarian.
c) phyto vegetarian.
d) pollo-vegetarian.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe how to apply recommendations for protein intake to balance protein losses
and to promote health and prevent disease.
Section Reference: 6.7 Meeting Needs with a Vegetarian Diet
a) diabetes.
b) cardiovascular disease.
c) high blood pressure.
d) All of the above answer choices are correct.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe how to apply recommendations for protein intake to balance protein losses
and to promote health and prevent disease.
Section Reference: 6.7 Meeting Needs with a Vegetarian Diet
76) Who is at increased risk of NOT getting an adequate amount of vitamin B12 in their diet?
a) Lacto-ovo vegetarians
b) Athletes
c) Vegans
d) Pregnant women
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 23
Learning Objective: Describe how to apply recommendations for protein intake to balance protein losses
and to promote health and prevent disease.
Section Reference: 6.7 Meeting Needs with a Vegetarian Diet
77) Including dark leafy green vegetables, as part of a vegetarian diet, will help meet the requirements of
which nutrients?
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe how to apply recommendations for protein intake to balance protein losses
and to promote health and prevent disease.
Section Reference: 6.7 Meeting Needs with a Vegetarian Diet
78) In a recent study, what did researchers find regarding the relative risk of death from cardiovascular
disease?
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe how to apply recommendations for protein intake to balance protein losses
and to promote health and prevent disease.
Section Reference: 6.7 Meeting Needs with a Vegetarian Diet
79) Why are beans (legumes) on toast (bread made from wheat) a good example of protein
complementation?
a) The beans, which are low in methionine but high in lysine are complemented by the bread, which is
low in lysine but high in methionine.
b) The beans, which are high in methionine but low in lysine are complemented by the bread, which is
high in lysine but low in methionine.
c) The beans, which are low in methionine and low in lysine are complemented by the bread, which is
high in lysine and high in methionine.
d) The beans, which are high in methionine and high in lysine are complemented by the bread, which is
low in lysine and low in methionine.
Answer: a
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Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 24
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss how protein needs are determined and how protein quality affects needs.
Section Reference: 6.6 Meeting protein needs
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
Test Bank for Smolin, Nutrition and Science Applications, Second Canadian Edition 25
LEGAL NOTICE
Copyright © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. or related companies. All rights reserved.
The data contained in these files are protected by copyright. This manual is furnished under
licence and may be used only in accordance with the terms of such licence.
The material provided herein may not be downloaded, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
modified, made available on a network, used to create derivative works, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise
without the prior written permission of John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited
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[176] Al divino Herrera, pág. 603, le escandalizó este atrevimiento de
Garcilaso «que muy ajeno es de su modestia y pureza, y que deslustró
mucho la limpieza y honestidad de toda esta descrición.» Pero no se trata de
cosa indigna, impura ni inmodesta, sino de la casta y legítima
correspondencia del lecho conyugal, y aun solamente del deseo de D.
Fernando, no del suceso. Homero, Virgilio, y el mismo Petrarca, llegaron en
sus versos a mayores libertades. (V. Tamayo, notas 61-62.)
[177] «Toca aquí la ficción del filósofo Pródico, la cual refiere Xenofon. Y es,
que Hércules siendo mancebo, yendo por un camino llegó adonde se partían
dos caminos, y estando dudoso por cuál iría, vio venir por cada uno una
doncella, una muy hermosa, y otra robusta y varonil; cada una le rogaba que
fuese por su camino, y la muy hermosa, al parecer exterior, que era Voluptas,
el deleite, prometía en su camino muchos regalos y descansos; la otra, que
era Virtud, le prometía mal camino y muchos trabajos, pero prometía al cabo
dellos descanso y fama, al revés de la otra. Hércules dijo que más quería
trabajos con aquella condición; y fuese tras la Virtud.» (Brocense, nota 181.)
[178]A partir de este verso cuenta Garcilaso el viaje que el Duque hizo a
Alemania para intervenir en el socorro de Viena, amenazada por Solimán,
gran Sultán de Turquía. Garcilaso acompañaba al Duque en dicho viaje: año
de 1532. (Navarrete, págs. 32 y 33.)
[179] «mudable: atributo propio de los franceses.» (Herrera, pág. 605.)
[180] «Pasadas las asperezas del Pirineo recibió orden el Duque de caminar
con más rapidez, dejó su escolta y comitiva, y solo con Garcilaso, atravesó
por la posta de Francia hasta París, donde cayó enfermo, acaso de las fatigas
del viaje; su amigo le asistió esmeradamente, hasta que ya convalecido
pudieron ambos continuar adelante...» (Navarrete, pág. 40.)
[181] «Parece que es alusión a la Morbania, deidad falsa y ridícula de los
antiguos.» (Tamayo, notas, fol. 66.)
[182]«Esculapio fue gran médico, tenido por los antiguos por dios de la
medicina. Fue hijo de Apolo y padre de Padalirio y Macaón, grandes
médicos.» (Brocense, nota 182.) «Halló muchas cosas útiles a la salud de los
hombres. Fue tan excelente en la curación de los enfermos, que fuera de la
opinión de todos, dicen que restituyó a muchos desesperados a la vida y que
volvió a ella a muchos muertos. Acusado por esto ante Júpiter, lo mató con un
rayo... Enojado Apolo desta muerte, mató a los Cíclopes que fabricaron el
rayo a Júpiter.» (Herrera, pág. 606.)
[183] Repuesto D. Fernando de su enfermedad, Garcilaso y él continuaron su
viaje; llegaron al Rin, y embarcados en sus aguas, pasaron a Colonia.
[184]«Dícelo por Julio César, que pasó del Rheno (Rin) contra alemanes.»
(Brocense, nota 183.)
[185] «Fue Santa Úrsula hija de Dioneto, nobilísimo príncipe de Inglaterra;
padeció martirio con once mil vírgenes de la mesma nación en Colonia
Agripina, a la ribera del Rin, por los capitanes de Atila que la tenían cercada,
en el año de nuestra salud, 352, siendo emperador Marciano.» (Herrera, pág.
607.)
[186] Aquel tirano fue, según se cree, Giula, capitán general de Atila. (Azara.)
[187] estaba en dubio, en duda; dubio es voz latina.
[188] Emplea metafóricamente suelta la rienda a su navío, como ahora
decimos dar rienda suelta al llanto, al entusiasmo, a los deseos; de otro modo
«parecería dura esta translación del uso de los caballos al de la navegación;
pero es elegantísima, y como tal usada de los antiguos griegos y latinos de
mejor fama...» (Tamayo, notas, fol. 66.)
[189] El César Carlos V recibió en sus brazos al Duque de Alba en Ratisbona,
donde se hallaba convocada la Dieta entendiendo en el conflicto político-
religioso promovido por el protestantismo. (Navarrete, 32.) Era también
aquella ciudad punto de reunión para los caballeros que acudían al socorro
de Viena.
[190] «El Príncipe turco, Solimán, que dos años antes había sojuzgado la
Hungría y puesto, aunque infructuosamente, cerco sobre Viena, salió
segunda vez de Constantinopla con innumerables gentes, para repetir el
asedio de aquella ciudad.» (Navarrete, pág. 32.)
[191] Eran gentes de diversos pueblos y opiniones, pero con un solo
propósito e intención. Los nuestros ocupaban mucho menos terreno que los
enemigos... Este pasaje ha tenido mala interpretación en la edición de Castro.
[192] Sobrar: exceder, sobrepujar. V. Eg. I, v. 28, nota.
[193] Sobrado: el que excede a otro. V. Eg. I, v. 28, nota.
[194] En el ejército del César había alemanes, flamencos, italianos y
españoles: «El Emperador al ver la gran tempestad que sobrevenía pidió
auxilio a la Dieta, escribió al Marqués del Vasto para que recogiese toda la
infantería española que acababa de poner fin a la guerra de Florencia, y
juntase más italiana, avisó a los hombres de armas ordinarios de Flandes y
Borgoña, y pidió a los grandes y ciudades de España apercibiesen hombres
de armas y todo recaudo, preparándose a sostener solo este glorioso
empeño, en que ni el Rey de Francia ni el de Inglaterra quisieron ayudarle.»
(Navarrete, pág. 32-33.)
[195] Tirar, quitar, apartar.
[196]Su gente, no se refiere al guerrero, sino al cauto italiano, que en el valor
del Duque recordaba el de los famosos capitanes de la antigua Roma.
[197] Habla en estos versos de Cornelio Escipión el primer Africano, única
esperanza de la República, vencedor del terrible y duro Aníbal, y demoledor
de la fiera Cartago.
[198] así molesta, acaso deba interpretarse tan molesta, del mismo modo que
en frases como «no puedo dudar de un hombre tan honrado; tan cordiales
relaciones quedaron rotas»... En el castellano antiguo, tan y así tenían un
valor equivalente en comparaciones. (V. R. Menéndez y Pidal, El Cantar de
mío Cid, tomo I, parte II, § 180.) Compárense en esta misma égloga, versos
1671, 1735 y 1769. El Brocense interpretó de otro modo «dividiendo aquella
palabra, assí, en dos, a sí, que es en latín sibi», y la mayor parte de las
ediciones han seguido esta enmienda del Brocense.
[199] Se entiende mejor leyendo el pensamiento ambigo, como propone
Tamayo, fol. 67; el estado cristiano estaba en dubio, v. 1493; el suceso de
esta guerra era dudoso, v. 1578; su remedio, por consiguiente, ambiguo. Las
tropas del César apenas eran, en efecto, la mitad de las que llevaba el sultán.
(Navarrete, pág. 43.) La forma ambigo corresponde a ambiguo, como inicas a
inicuas, verso 1223, y como antigo a antiguo.
[200] «Salió, el Emperador, de Ratisbona con la caballería flamenca y un
lucido tren de artillería, pasando por el Danubio a Linz, seguido de numerosa
comitiva en barcas construidas al efecto, con el nombre de nasadas, cuya
dilatada hilera formaba una escuadra de sorprendente vista.» (Navarrete,
pág. 42.)
[201] Gran tirano: entiéndase por el Sultán de Turquía, Solimán el Magnífico,
contra quien fue toda esta expedición.
[202] «Los Cíclopes fueron unos salvajes en Sicilia, que no tenían más de un
ojo en la frente, y eso quiere decir en griego Ciclops. Dicen los poetas que
son los herreros de Vulcano, al cual llaman aquí el gran maestro.» (Brocense,
nota 191.)
[203] Nuestro lenguaje antiguo empleaba las formas esora, la hora, a esas
horas, etc., con el valor castellano actual entonces, como el francés alors y el
italiano allora; esta interpretación conviene en este caso a aquellas horas, en
vez de suponer como Tamayo, notas, fol. 68, el latinismo ora por ribera, cuyo
uso, si ha existido, debió ser rarísimo en castellano: comp. a la hora, Canc.
IV, v. 49, nota.
[204] Noticioso el Sultán de los preparativos con que acudía el Emperador,
retirose de Viena a Gratz, sin aventurarse a darle la batalla, y después
retrocedió definitivamente a Constantinopla. (Navarrete, págs. 42 y 43.)
[205]«Don Fernando estuvo en la persecución de algunos de los capitanes
enemigos, y anhelando teñir su espada en sangre turca, sintió que la suerte
no preparase a los imperiales más difíciles triunfos.» (Navarrete, pág. 43.)
Cree este autor que Garcilaso no debió tomar parte en estos sucesos por
haber sido desterrado por el Emperador desde el principio de la jornada,
cuando el Duque y el poeta llegaron a Ratisbona. (V. nota a la Canc. III, v. 3.)
[206] Cuentan que los antiguos coronaban con ramos sus naves después de
una victoria, y que tales ramos solían poner en el sagrario o capilla de popa; a
esta costumbre pudo aludir Garcilaso, aun cuando lo que dice puede también
decirse metafóricamente por las naves que volvían vencedoras.
[207] Ha dicho el Sr. Menéndez y Pelayo, Antología, XIII, pág. 54, que el
pastor Albanio, enfermo de mal de amores por la hermosa Camila, debe de
ser el Duque de Alba, D. Fernando; a esto quiero decir que no acierto a
comprender cómo a Garcilaso pudo ocurrírsele introducir dos veces al Duque
en esta Égloga con tan distinto carácter, a saber: como Duque en persona y
como pastor; como esposo enamorado, correspondido y satisfecho, y, a la
vez, como amante desesperado y loco furioso; téngase presente que
mientras Nemoroso ha estado elogiando al Duque por su prudencia y su
valor, ha tenido a sus pies al mismo Albanio, aletargado y rendido en su
locura.
[208] Es necesario leer glo-ri-o-so, como o-di-o-sas, soneto XVI, v. 1;
nuestros poetas clásicos medían a la manera latina e italiana, la-bi-os, o-di-o,
glo-ri-a, y del mismo modo los derivados fu-ri-o-so, in-ge-ni-o-so, etc. (V. Elías
Zerolo, Noticias de Cariasco y del empleo del verso esdrújulo en el siglo XVI.
Legajo de Varios, París, 1897, y F. Rodríguez Marín, Luis Barahona de Soto,
págs. 405-411.)
[209] lustre por lustro, que fue primitivamente espacio de cuatro años, y que
«el uso y abuso de los gramáticos lo ha hecho de cinco». (Herrera, pág. 267.)
Cuando la expedición a Alemania (1532) el Duque D. Fernando solo tenía
veinticinco años, y Garcilaso veintinueve.
[210] coruscar, lucir, brillar. El Dicc. Aut. solo da coruscante y corusco,
«resplandeciente, sumamente lucido y brillante».
[211]
Describe pastoralmente el tiempo de la cena, de la cual es indicio el
humo que sale por los alcores, chimeneas.
[212] Garcilaso dedicó esta Égloga, según afirmación de D. Antonio
Puertocarrero, su yerno, a D.ª María de la Cueva, esposa de D. Juan Téllez
Girón, Conde de Osuna, fundador del Colegio Mayor y Universidad de dicha
villa, y gran amigo de los hombres de letras. D.ª María, ya viuda, fue
Camarera mayor de la Reina D.ª Isabel de Valois, tercera mujer de Felipe II, y
falleció en Madrid a 19 de abril de 1566. (V. F. Rodríguez Marín, Luis
Barahona de Soto, Madrid, 1903, pág. 73.)
[213] Garcilaso no ha dejado más octavas rimas que las que componen esta
Égloga y la que nos conservó Castillejo (V. Apéndice IV): «La octava rima,
enteramente desconocida en todas las literaturas de la Península antes de
Boscán, es una de las adquisiciones más importantes que este hizo para
nuestra métrica, y quizá el género en que sobresalió más. Su modelo
inmediato, aunque no único, fueron las estancias compuestas por Bembo
para el Carnaval de la corte de Urbino en 1507.» (M. Menéndez y Pelayo,
Antología, XIII, 237.)
[214] Entiende Tamayo, fol. 68, «que es demasía sin fruto decir que la lengua
está en la boca, pues ¿adónde había de estar?,» y sin más que esto, en
algunas ediciones se ha corregido el presente verso, imprimiendo: «Mas con
la lengua muerta y fría la boca», que es la lectura que el mismo Tamayo
proponía. Yo respeto tal demasía porque he visto que Herrera, más
escrupuloso que nadie en estas cuestiones, la conserva, y el elegante
prosista Cienfuegos, hablando precisamente de la muerte de Garcilaso por la
honda impresión que causó en el espíritu del Marqués de Lombay, la repite
diciendo: «él vio fría y difunta en su boca aquella espiritosa lengua, ramillete
de las más cultas flores de la erudición y de la elocuencia...» (Vida del
Grande San Francisco de Borja, Madrid, 1726, pág. 48.)
[215] «Carta por el papel, en significación latina o italiana.» (Azara.)
[216] «En Boscán se hallan en una estancia de una canción los versos que
dicen: