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experimental psychology at the University of Michigan. Following a year as a
postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University, he joined the faculty at Johns Hopkins
University, where he remained for the rest of his career. Yantis’s research interests
included visual perception, attention, and cognition. Members of the Yantis laboratory
continue to measure behavior (response time, eye movements) and brain activity
(functional MRI) as people carry out tasks that probe perception and attention. He
taught a variety of courses in human perception and attention for almost thirty years. He
received the Early Career Award from the American Psychological Association in
1994 and the Troland Research Award from the National Academy of Sciences in 1996.
Steve passed away in 2014 after a lengthy battle with brain cancer. [Photo: James T.
VanRensselaer/Homewood Photography]
Richard A. Abrams is Professor in the Department of Psychological and Brain
Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis. He studied engineering and psychology
as an undergraduate at Columbia University and received a PhD in experimental
psychology at the University of Michigan. After graduate school, he joined the faculty at
Washington University, where he has been ever since. Abrams’s research interests
include visual perception, attention, and action. Members of his laboratory use mostly
behavioral methods (measuring response times, tracking hand and eye movements) to
probe perception and attention as people carry out tasks. He has taught courses
including experimental psychology and sensation and perception for over thirty years.
His research has been supported by the National Institutes of Health and the National
Science Foundation. [Photo: Richard Abrams]
BRIEF CONTENTS

Preface

CHAPTER 1 FOUNDATIONS

CHAPTER 2 LIGHT AND THE EYES

CHAPTER 3 THE VISUAL BRAIN

CHAPTER 4 RECOGNIZING VISUAL OBJECTS

CHAPTER 5 PERCEIVING COLOR

CHAPTER 6 PERCEIVING DEPTH

CHAPTER 7 PERCEIVING MOTION

CHAPTER 8 PERCEPTION FOR ACTION

CHAPTER 9 ATTENTION AND AWARENESS

CHAPTER 10 SOUND AND THE EARS

CHAPTER 11 THE AUDITORY BRAIN AND PERCEIVING AUDITORY

SCENES

CHAPTER 12 PERCEIVING SPEECH AND MUSIC

CHAPTER 13 THE BODY SENSES

CHAPTER 14 OLFACTION: PERCEIVING ODORS

CHAPTER 15 GUSTATION: PERCEIVING TASTES AND FLAVORS

APPENDIX NOISE AND SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index
CONTENTS

Preface

CHAPTER 1 FOUNDATIONS
“I’m Having a Stroke!”
World, Brain, and Mind
The Perceptual Process
Three Main Types of Questions
How Many Senses Are There?
Evolution and Perception
Exploring Perception by Studying Behavior: Psychophysics
Absolute Threshold
Difference Threshold
Psychophysical Scaling
Exploring Perception by Studying Neurons and the Brain
Neurons and Neural Signals
The Human Brain
Cognitive Neuropsychology
Functional Neuroimaging
APPLICATIONS Self-Driving Cars
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It

CHAPTER 2 LIGHT AND THE EYES

A Rare Case: Vision Without Cones
Light
Light as a Wave
Light as a Stream of Particles
The Optic Array
The Human Eye
Field of View
Acuity and Eye Movements
Structure and Function of the Eye
Photoreceptors: Rods and Cones
Transduction of Light
Number and Distribution of Rods and Cones in the Retina
Adapting to Changes in Lighting
Retinal Ganglion Cells: Circuits in the Retina Send Information to the Brain
Convergence in Retinal Circuits
Receptive Fields
Edge Enhancement: An Example of How It All Works Together
Disorders of the Eye
Strabismus and Amblyopia
Disorders of Accommodation: Myopia, Hyperopia, Presbyopia, and Astigmatism
Cataracts
High Intraocular Pressure: Glaucoma
Floaters and Phosphenes
Retinal Disease: Macular Degeneration and Retinitis Pigmentosa
APPLICATIONS Night-Vision Devices
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It

CHAPTER 3 THE VISUAL BRAIN

No Thing to See
From Eye to Brain
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Superior Colliculus
Primary Visual Cortex (Area V1)
Response Properties of V1 Neurons
Organization of V1
Functional Areas, Pathways, and Modules
Functional Areas and Pathways
Functional Modules
APPLICATIONS Brain Implants for the Blind
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It

CHAPTER 4 RECOGNIZING VISUAL OBJECTS

Face-Blind
A Few Basic Considerations
Object Familiarity
Image Clutter, Object Variety, and Variable Views
 Representation and Recognition
Overview: The Fundamental Steps
Perceptual Organization
Representing Edges and Regions
Figure–Ground Organization: Assigning Border Ownership
Perceptual Grouping: Combining Regions
Perceptual Interpolation: Perceiving What Can’t Be Seen Directly
Perceptual Organization Reflects Natural Constraints
Object Recognition
Hierarchical Processes: Shape Representation in V4 and Beyond
Modular and Distributed Representations: Faces, Places, and Other Categories of Objects
Top-Down Information
The Gist of a Scene
Unconscious Inference and the Bayesian Approach
APPLICATIONS Automatic Face Recognition
Feature-Based Approach
Holistic Approach
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It

CHAPTER 5 PERCEIVING COLOR

Colorless
Light and Color
Spectral Power Distribution
Spectral Reflectance
Dimensions of Color: Hue, Saturation, and Brightness
Color Circle and Color Solid
Color Mixtures
Color and the Visual System
Trichromatic Color Representation
Opponent Color Representation
Color Contrast and Color Assimilation
Color Constancy
Lightness Constancy
Color Vision Deficiencies
Inherited Deficiencies of Color Vision
Cortical Achromatopsia: Color Blindness from Brain Damage
APPLICATIONS Color in Art and Technology
Pointillist Painting
Digital Color Video Displays
Digital Color Printing
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It

CHAPTER 6 PERCEIVING DEPTH

Learning to See in 3-D
Oculomotor Depth Cues
Accommodation
Convergence
Monocular Depth Cues
Static Cues: Position, Size, and Lighting in the Retinal Image
Dynamic Cues: Movement in the Retinal Image
Binocular Depth Cue: Disparity in the Retinal Images
Binocular Disparity
Correspondence Problem
Neural Basis of Stereopsis
Integrating Depth Cues
Depth and Perceptual Constancy
Size Constancy and Size–Distance Invariance
Shape Constancy and Shape–Slant Invariance
Illusions of Depth, Size, and Shape
Forced Perspective
Ponzo Illusion
Ames Room
Moon Illusion
Tabletop Illusion
APPLICATIONS 3-D Motion Pictures and Television
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It

CHAPTER 7 PERCEIVING MOTION

Still Life
Perceptual Organization from Motion
Perceptual Grouping Based on Real and Apparent Motion
Figure–Ground Organization
Sensitivity to Biological Motion
Eye Movements and the Perception of Motion and Stability
Neural Basis of Motion Perception in Area V1 and Area MT
A Simple Neural Circuit That Responds to Motion
The Motion Aftereffect
Area MT
 The Aperture Problem: Perceiving the Motion of Objects
APPLICATIONS Visually Induced Motion Sickness
The How and Why of Motion Sickness
Could Artificial Environments Be Made Less Sickening?
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It

CHAPTER 8 PERCEPTION FOR ACTION

Inaction
Vision Affects Action
Time to Process Visual Feedback
Optic Flow
Prism Adaptation
Action Affects Vision
Action Plans
Action Capabilities
Neural Basis of Perception for Action
The Role of the Parietal Lobe in Eye Movements, Reaching, and Grasping
Bimodal Neurons and Hand-Centered Receptive Fields
Handheld Tool Use
Mirror Neurons
APPLICATIONS Perception for Action in Baseball: Catching a Fly Ball and Hitting a Fastball
How to Catch a Fly Ball
How to Hit a Fastball
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It

CHAPTER 9 ATTENTION AND AWARENESS

Out of Mind, Out of Sight
Selective Attention and the Limits of Awareness
Dichotic Listening
Inattentional Blindness
Attentional Blink
Change Blindness
Attention to Locations, Features, and Objects
Attention to Locations
Attention to Features
Attention to Objects
Why Attention Is Selective
The Binding Problem
 Competition for Neural Representation
Attentional Control
Top-Down and Bottom-Up Attentional Control
Value-Driven Attentional Control
Sources of Attentional Control in the Brain
Awareness and the Neural Correlates of Consciousness
Seeking the NCCs in Perceptual Bistability
What Blindsight Reveals About Awareness
APPLICATIONS Multitasking
Task Switching
Driving While Talking on a Cell Phone
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It

CHAPTER 10 SOUND AND THE EARS

Dizzy
Sound
Sources of Sound
Physical and Perceptual Dimensions of Sound
The Ear
Pinna, Auditory Canal, and Tympanic Membrane
Ossicles and Sound Amplification
Eustachian Tube
Cochlea
Neural Representation of Frequency and Amplitude
Frequency Representation
Amplitude Representation
Disorders of Audition
Hearing Tests and Audiograms
Conductive Hearing Impairments
Sensorineural Hearing Impairments
Tinnitus
APPLICATIONS Cochlear Implants
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It

CHAPTER 11 THE AUDITORY BRAIN AND PERCEIVING AUDITORY

SCENES
Hearing Without Recognition
The Auditory Brain
Ascending Pathways: From the Ear to the Brain
Descending Pathways: From the Brain to the Ear
Auditory Cortex
“What” and “Where” Pathways and Other Specialized Regions of the Auditory Brain
Localizing Sounds
Perceiving Azimuth
Perceiving Elevation
Perceiving Distance
Echolocation by Bats and Humans
Echoes and the Precedence Effect
Looking While Listening: Vision and Sound Localization
Neural Basis of Sound Localization
Auditory Scene Analysis
Simultaneous Grouping
Sequential Grouping
Perceptual Completion of Occluded Sounds
APPLICATIONS Seeing by Hearing
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It

CHAPTER 12 PERCEIVING SPEECH AND MUSIC

“Singing Sounds Like Shouting to Me”
Speech
The Sounds of Speech: Phonemes
Producing the Sounds of Speech
Perceiving the Sounds of Speech
Brain Pathways for Speech Perception and Production
Music
Dimensions of Music: Pitch, Loudness, Timing, and Timbre
Melody
Scales and Keys; Consonance and Dissonance
Knowledge and Music Perception
Neural Basis of Music Perception
APPLICATIONS Speech Perception by Machines
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It

CHAPTER 13 THE BODY SENSES

Watch Yourself!
Tactile Perception: Perceiving Mechanical Stimulation of the Skin
Slow-Adapting Type I (SAI) Mechanoreceptors: Perceiving Pattern, Texture, and Shape
Fast-Adapting Type I (FAI) Mechanoreceptors: Perceiving Slip and Maintaining Grip Control
Slow-Adapting Type II (SAII) Mechanoreceptors: Perceiving Skin Stretch and Hand Conformation
Fast-Adapting Type II (FAII) Mechanoreceptors: Perceiving Fine Textures Through Transmitted
Vibration
Perceiving Pleasant Touch
Mechanoreceptor Transduction
Proprioception: Perceiving Position and Movement of the Limbs
Perceiving Pain
Thermoreception: Perceiving Temperature
Between Body and Brain
Somatotopic Cortical Maps
Responses and Representations in the Somatosensory Cortex and Beyond
Top-Down Mechanisms of Pain Reduction
Cortical Plasticity, Phantom Limbs, and Rubber Hands
Haptic Perception: Recognizing Objects by Touch
The Vestibular System: Perceiving Balance and Acceleration
APPLICATIONS Haptic Feedback in Robot-Assisted Surgery
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It

CHAPTER 14 OLFACTION: PERCEIVING ODORS

When the Nose Knows Nothing
What Is an Odor?
Odorants
Detection and Identification of Odors
Detection Thresholds and Difference Thresholds
Identifying and Discriminating Odors
The Role of Odors in Sensing Flavor
Olfactory Impairments: Age and Other Factors
Adaptation to Odors
Anatomical and Neural Basis of Odor Perception
The Olfactory System: From Nose to Brain
Neural Code for Odor
Representing Odors in the Brain
Odors, Emotion, and Memory
Effects of Odors on Social and Reproductive Behavior
Pheromones, Sweat, and Tears
Human Leukocyte Antigen Detection
APPLICATIONS The eNose
How eNoses Work
eNoses on Wheels
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It

CHAPTER 15 GUSTATION: PERCEIVING TASTES AND FLAVORS

Poor Taste
What Is Taste? What Is Flavor?
Tastants and the Basic Tastes
The Perception of Flavor
Anatomical and Neural Basis of Taste and Flavor Perception
Taste Buds and Taste Receptor Cells
From Taste Buds to the Brain
Representing Taste and Flavor in the Brain
Adaptation and Cross-Adaptation
Cognitive Influences in the OFC, and the Flavor of Expensive Wine
Regulating Food Intake
Sensory-Specific Satiety
Regulating Food Intake in the Absence of Taste
Individual Differences in Taste and Flavor Perception
APPLICATIONS How Sweet It Is? The Taste and Use of Artificial Sweeteners
Brain Responses to Artificial Sweeteners
Behavioral Responses to Artificial Sweeteners
Artificial Sweeteners and Weight Loss
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It

APPENDIX NOISE AND SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY

Noise in Neural Activity and the Psychometric Function
Signal Detection Theory
A Signal Detection Experiment
Sensitivity and Bias
APPLICATIONS Optimal Decision Making in the Real World
Summary
Key Terms
Expand Your Understanding
Read More About It

Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index
 PREFACE

The opening lines of the preface to the first edition of this book still hold:
Understanding the human mind and brain is arguably the most exciting scientific
challenge of the twenty-first century. Astonishing progress has been made in unraveling
the connections between mind, brain, and behavior in all areas of psychology and
neuroscience. But it is in the realm of perception that these connections are best
understood. Throughout this book, we will see that our understanding of how people
and other organisms perceive the world has undergone a revolution over the last
quarter century, driven by dazzling scientific advances, including fundamental
discoveries about the genetic bases of perception and important technological
breakthroughs in neuroimaging.
Steve Yantis wrote the first edition to convey these achievements by integrating the
classic findings of the 1950s–1990s with the more recent discoveries that have
transformed our ideas about how the mind and brain function. Steve’s own work
contributed substantially to that transformation, and his enthusiasm for cognitive and
neuroscientific research on perception, together with his passion for teaching, drove the
creation of this book. In 2014 Steve succumbed to brain cancer, and it is with great
sadness, but also with a strong sense of purpose, that I have tried to carry forward his
vision in this new edition.
 FIGURE 9.9 Attention and Human Brain Activity Neuroimaging reveals human brain activity
during shifts of attention. (See Chapter 9, p. 303.) [Reproduced with permission of Society for
Neuroscience in the format Republish in a book via Copyright Clearance Center.]

Steve’s aim, and mine too, is to tell the story of perception in a way that brings out
the purposes that perception serves, showing how perceptual systems have been shaped
by evolutionary pressures to help organisms survive and reproduce. The second edition
pursues this goal in much the same way as the first edition, with the additional support
of numerous updates that incorporate the most recent research, and with significant new
coverage reflected in the expansion to 15 chapters from the previous 13 (as explained
in the following chapter-by-chapter overview). As in the first edition, each chapter
includes the following features:

• Integrated coverage of behavioral, physiological, and neuroimaging research,

with a focus on the questions driving current studies and the different research
 methods used to address those questions
• Clear and detailed explanations, supported by highly effective illustrations, all
aimed at giving students a solid foundation in the field
• An opening vignette focusing on a fascinating example of a person with a
perceptual deficit, demonstrating not only how specific aspects of perception
depend on the functioning of specific parts of the central nervous system, but
also how profoundly our lives are impacted when our perceptual abilities aren’t
working as they should
• Vivid and informative photos connecting common experience to chapter topics
• An Applications section that explores the intersection of perception, technology,
and everyday life
• A strong and comprehensive array of pedagogical features and supplementary
materials

The foundations of research in sensation and perception are laid out in Chapter 1,
which introduces psychophysics—perceptual research using behavioral methods—and
provides basic information about how neurons convey information within vast
networks, as well as introducing cognitive neuropsychology and functional
neuroimaging, key methods for investigating how the brain supports perception. The
experiments discussed throughout the rest of the book all employ one or more of these
methods, so a clear understanding of the methods is a critical first step.
Every subsequent chapter emphasizes how the findings from multiple research
methods tend to converge, yielding a comprehensive and multifaceted view of how a
given domain of perception works. A good example is the question of how the visual
system supports motion perception: behavioral experiments have established the
exquisite sensitivity of the visual system to moving objects of all kinds; recordings of
the activity of single neurons in monkeys have revealed a brain region specialized for
processing motion; people with brain damage in this region can’t see motion; fMRI
shows that this region is very active when humans view motion and that this activity is
strongly correlated with perceptual judgments about motion; and shifts of attention
toward or away from motion in a visual scene change both the neural activity in this
region and the observer’s ability to experience motion.
 Following the foundational material in Chapter 1, the book covers the senses in a
clear and logical order, similar to that in the previous edition: first vision (Chapters
2–9), then audition (Chapters 10–12), and then the body senses (Chapter 13) and the
chemical senses of smell (Chapter 14) and taste (Chapter 15). However, there is also
much that is new, based not only on recent research but also on feedback from
reviewers—including, of course, feedback from instructors who used the first edition in
EEG provides information about brain activity by measuring the electrical and magnetic fields produced by
theiractivity.
that classrooms. Within
(See Chapter chapters,
1, p. 28.) thereLibrary/Getty
[Science Photo has been some reorganization of topics and
Images]
some expanded or new coverage of topics; even more significantly, some topics
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contents are: Danskammer; New York when I was a boy; My
brothers; The South before the war; At college; Travels and a
shipwreck; New York when I was a young man; Rome—church and
state; Some Roman friends; The Campagna; Venice; Saint Gaudens
and others; Some pleasant summers; The Century club; My farm at
Danskammer.

“It is singular that so sweet and amiable a book should be so

interesting, so amusing. So much of the charm of the man seems to
me to have got into the book that I expect for it a marked success,
and, what is better, a long life in the future.” E. S. Nadal

+ N Y Evening Post p5 D 4 ’20 2900w

+ R of Rs 62:670 D ’20 90w

“A delightful narrative of one phase of American life at its best.”

+ Springf’d Republican p8 Ja 11 ’21 370w

 ARMY and religion; an inquiry and its bearing
upon the religious life of the nation. *$2 (2c) Assn.
press 261

This inquiry had its origin in the desire of certain British Y. M. C.

A. workers “to consider and interpret what was being revealed under
war conditions as to the religious life of the nation and to bring the
result before the churches.” The first step in the inquiry was the
preparation of a questionnaire to be submitted to various classes of
persons, including officers, privates and war workers of all classes.
This questionnaire covered three topics: What the men are thinking
about religion, morality, and society; The changes made by the war;
The relation of the men to the churches. The report is in two parts,
Part 1 dealing with the facts, Part 2 with religion and the army. The
report is edited by D. S. Cairns and has a preface by the Bishop of
Winchester.

Dial 68:670 My ’20 100w

“The really disappointing section of this volume is that which deals

with the remedies. One confesses to some occasional irritation in
reading ‘The army and religion,’ due to a certain complacent
assumption that the traditional religious synthesis with its dogmatic
superstructure is still valid.”

− + Nation 109:766 D 13 ’19 950w

Sat R 128:sup14 N 29 ’19 800w
 “The witnesses do not always see eye to eye with one another, or
report the same thing. The result is a certain impression or
spontaneousness and of the actual. The writers do not say what they
feel under an obligation to say; or tell us what they, or those behind
them, wish us to believe. They give us the facts, as they have come to
their knowledge. The compiler, Professor D. S. Cairns, sums up, and
he has done so admirably.”

+ Spec 123:896 D 27 ’19 1750w

“A document of much importance both in its enlightening

disclosure of a state of things in many ways disquieting, and in the
suggestions of future policy which arise out of it.”

+ The Times [London] Lit Sup p503 S 18

’19 200w
+ The Times [London] Lit Sup p508 S 25
’19 1550w

ARNOLD, JULIAN B. School of sympathy.

*$1.60 Jones, Marshall 824

“Several essays and poems are presented by Julian B. Arnold in a

volume entitled ‘The school of sympathy.’ The author is the son of Sir
Edwin Arnold, author of ‘The light of Asia,’ and is himself favorably
known in England as a traveler, archaeologist and lecturer.”—N Y
Times
 + N Y Times p17 O 3 ’20 50w

“The reminiscent portions of the book are doubtless the best.”

+ − Springf’d Republican p6 Jl 20 ’20 450w

ARONOVICI, CAROL. Housing and the housing

problem. (National social science ser.) *75c McClurg
331.83

20–2757

“Mr Aronovici’s definition of housing reform is: ‘The furnishing of

healthful accommodations adequately provided with facilities for
privacy and comfort, easily accessible to centers of employment,
culture and amusement, accessible from the centers of distribution of
the food supply, rentable at reasonable rates and yielding a fair
return on the investment.’ Nor does he overlook the close connection
of housing policy with larger aspects of industrial development,
distribution and growth of population and national economy.
Following the lines of previous studies of social survey methods, he
suggests a plan of inquiry for the housing reformer who wishes to
arrive at an accurate view of the housing situation in his community
and for the legislator who is concerned with improvement of the law.
He has no easy panacea for stimulating housing activity or
supplanting private by state enterprise, but rather lays down some
fundamental considerations without which either must fail.”—Survey
 Booklist 16:260 My ’20

“This small but weighty volume is likely to do a world of good in

correcting mistaken view-points and vague programs yet all too
current among laymen who tackle housing reform with more
enthusiasm than knowledge and wisdom.” B. L.

+ Survey 44:253 My 15 ’20 440w

ARTHUR, SIR GEORGE COMPTON

ARCHIBALD. Life of Lord Kitchener. 3v il *$12.50
Macmillan

20–9393

Lord Kitchener’s private secretary has written his life, now issued
in three volumes as the official biography. The marquis of Salisbury
writes a preface in which he says, “Sir George Arthur has undertaken
the difficult task of writing a life of Lord Kitchener within four years
of his death. He has, I believe, in so doing been well advised, and he
has produced a work of great value. The interest of Lord Kitchener’s
career, its extraordinary culmination, the public enthusiasm which in
these last critical years centred upon him, and the dramatic end,
demand immediate treatment by a friend whose inside knowledge of
recent events from Lord Kitchener’s own point of view is second to
none.” There is also a brief introductory note by Earl Haig on Lord
Kitchener and the new army. The first of the three volumes covers
the early years, the Sudan campaign and the period to 1900. Volume
2 completes the account of the Boer war and deals with India and
Egypt. Volume 3 is wholly devoted to the world war and closes with a
chapter summing up personal traits. Each volume is illustrated with
portraits and maps and there is a full index.

“Sir George Arthur, it will be seen, leaves us with no real vision of

either Kitchener or his work. But there is one characteristic which
the unreality, the romantic haze, and all the clichés of this biography
cannot conceal. Kitchener had a real simplicity and honesty of
mind.” L. W.

− Ath p571 Ap 30 ’20 1800w

+ Booklist 16:343 Jl ’20
+ Boston Transcript p4 Je 9 ’20 1400w

“The book is good history but not light reading for hero-
worshippers.”

+ Dial 69:435 O ’20 100w

Lit D p86 O 9 ’20 2100w

“We have a genuine respect for the workmanship of this long-

expected and interesting book, but it would be a mistake, we think, to
‘place’ it in the line of great biographies. And for a double reason.
Kitchener was admittedly a two-sided man. Wanting the highest
military talent, he was still the most conspicuous example since
Wellington of the handy-man-soldier.... At the same time, he was
capable of thinking and acting for her as a political and a moral force.
But Sir George Arthur is the soldier pure and simple, and if politics
talks to him at all, it speaks to him in the unsophisticated accents of
the Guards’ mess. He is also an assiduous, if an extremely
competent, hero-worshipper. There was no need for over-reverence
about Kitchener. His character, built in the main on lines of
simplicity, crossed with shrewd rather than subtle calculation, would
well have borne a more detached view even of its excellencies than
Sir George Arthur maintains.” H. W. M.

+ − Nation [London] 27:74 Ap 17 ’20 2400w

“The biography is presented with such vividness that the careful

reader can discern the man apart from his work.”

+ Nature 105:319 My 13 ’20 1450w

“That Lord Kitchener served to the very limit of his powers is

amply and nobly proved by these volumes. But they do not solve the
deeper problem of the quality of his powers.” H. J. L.

+ − New Repub 25:174 Ja 5 ’21 1500w

“It is a plain, straightforward story of absorbing interest, told

without hysteria, without malice, without criticism of others—
differing so widely in this respect from the books of Lord French and
Sir Ian Hamilton—but with sound judgment.” F. V. Greene

+ N Y Times 25:5 Je 27 ’20 2500w

No Am 212:567 O ’20 1400w

Reviewed by Archibald MacMechan

Review 3:68 Jl 21 ’20 1900w

 + R of Rs 62:111 Jl ’20 220w

“Furnished as he is with a keen sense of proportion and a wide

knowledge of men and things, possessor of a literary style which is at
once graceful and trenchant, and having at his disposal much
documentary matter which few besides himself have seen, he was
equipped with special qualifications for undertaking this memoir of
one of the foremost figures of our time when he accepted the task.
But the very fact of his intimate association with his late chief has in
certain directions proved a handicap.”

+ − Sat R 129:390 Ap 24 ’20 1650w

Spec 124:552 Ap 24 ’20 1850w
+ Spec 124:583 My 1 ’20 1800w

“Sir George is no doubt better fitted than any other to weigh

without undue bias the character and achievements of this
outstanding British military figure. His devotion to his chief is
revealed throughout, but at the same time he exercises calmness in
weighing his strength and weaknesses.”

+ Springf’d Republican p11a Je 13 ’20

1550w

“Here, with its element of mystery, is a great theme for a master-

biography. Sir George Arthur’s three volumes are not that. He is an
easy writer with a simple, unaffected style, who for the most part
contents himself with a plain narrative of concrete facts. He has, too,
something of the reserve of his subject, and when one gets to the
difficult and contentious passages in the life he is apt to become
general and elusive, a bad fault in a biographer. But Sir George
Arthur has the great virtue of honesty with his subject.”

+ − The Times [London] Lit Sup p245 Ap

22 ’20 4500w

ASH, EDWIN LANCELOT. Problem of nervous

breakdown. *$3.50 (4c) Macmillan 616.8

(Eng ed SG20–45)

In writing this book on nervous disorders the author has had in

mind “the family doctor, the trained nurse, and the anxious relative,”
and his main purpose has been “to review the problem as it affects
the individual and as it concerns the state; to discuss the origin of the
more common disorders, and to indicate in what direction it is
possible for us to redress the balance in favour of nerve and
efficiency.” (Foreword) The four parts of the book are: The origins of
nervous breakdown; the varieties of nervous breakdown: The
hygiene of nerve; and The breakdowns of war. There is an index.

“The subjects are discussed temperately and sanely. He has no fads

and attacks none, though the field is large.”

+ Review 3:562 D 8 ’20 840w

“Dr Ash’s book is a timely warning of the dangers of emotionalism

as well as an important contribution to the subject of neurasthenia,
and it is so free from medical terms that it can be understood by all.”
 + Spec 124:351 Mr 13 ’20 1400w

“This is a commonsense work on a subject which is of universal

interest.”

+ The Times [London] Lit Sup p22 Ja 8

’20 70w

ASHFORD, DAISY (MRS JAMES DEVLIN).

Daisy Ashford: her book. *$2 (2c) Doran

20–9783

A volume containing the remaining novels of the author of “The

young visiters” together with “The jealous governes,” by Angela
Ashford. Daisy Ashford’s works are: A short story of love and
marriage; The true history of Leslie Woodcock; Where love lies
deepest; The hangman’s daughter. They were all written before the
author was fourteen. Angela Ashford’s offering, “The jealous
governes, or The granted wish” was written by that young person at
the age of eight. Irvin Cobb contributes an introduction to the
American edition.

“We think that the author of ‘The young visiters’ has been unwise
to respond to the greedy public’s desire for more. Her new book was
bound to invite comparison with the other; it is not a patch on it.” K.
M.

− Ath p111 Jl 23 ’20 600w

 “Quite a tome in quantity compared to ‘The young visiters’ but
except in the most childish efforts, not so happily naïve in quality.”

+ − Booklist 17:30 O ’20

“Nothing is to be found either in Sir James Barrie’s introduction to

‘The young visiters,’ or in Mr Cobb’s tribute to the author of these
tales, to show us that they believe in the identity of Daisy Ashford or
in the claim that their humor is a juvenile product. In fact, at times
both seem to be writing in jest more than earnest, or with a
superficial seriousness that scarcely attempts to cover up the jest. Sex
is the basis of the humor in all these stories, as it was in ‘The young
visiters.’” E. F. E.

− Boston Transcript p6 Jl 14 ’20 1150w

Cath World 111:836 S ’20 120w
+ Ind 103:54 Jl 10 ’20 160w

“None is in the same class with ‘The young visiters,’ though each
has here and there a touch worthy of her best year, her tenth, her
annus mirabilis.” Silas

+ New Repub 23:258 Jl 28 ’20 100w

+ N Y Times p14 Je 27 ’20 1850w

“We doubt whether the book will repeat the success of its
predecessor. It is hard to say why one doesn’t get as much out of it,
but probably it is because a little of this sort of thing is amusing while
a good deal palls.”
 + − Outlook 125:615 Ag 4 ’20 110w

“These five stories, with their deeply romantic titles, contain

enough to give the admirers of the earlier book many of the same
thrills of pleasure and amusement.”

+ Review 3:711 Jl 7 ’20 160w

“The present writer would unhesitatingly say that it is upon the

subjects of meals and packing and costume that ‘Daisy Ashford’
shines pre-eminently.”

+ Spec 124:50 Jl 10 ’20 1100w

“‘A short story of love and marriage’ and ‘The jealous governes’
have the truly original ring of the book that made Daisy Ashford’s
name famous and her identity wondered at. But the longer efforts of
the new volume are merely uninteresting stories amateurishly told.
The charm of the precocious but still unsophisticated mind is gone.”

+ − Springf’d Republican p11a Ag 8 ’20

250w

“None of the surviving products of Miss Daisy Ashford’s pen is

quite up to the standard of ‘The young visiters.’ The longest, ‘The
hangman’s daughter,’ contains some amusing passages, but it is a
more ambitious work, written at a later age, and gives the effect of a
burlesque of a ‘grown-up’s’ novel more than of a spontaneous
efflorescence of childhood.”