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(Download PDF) Introduction To Educational Research Connecting Methods To Practice 1st Edition Lochmiller Test Bank Full Chapter
(Download PDF) Introduction To Educational Research Connecting Methods To Practice 1st Edition Lochmiller Test Bank Full Chapter
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Instructor Resource
Lochmiller, An Introduction to Educational Research
SAGE Publications, 2017.
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. A _________refers to the individuals or sites from the population who will be interviewed, observed,
surveyed, or otherwise engaged in your research study.
a. case
b. cohort
*c. sample
d. vulnerable population
Learning Objective: 7-1
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Strategies
Question Type: MC
2. Jason is studying how teachers at his school view a new formative assessment. He collects survey
data from all teachers at his school regarding this topic. Jason is collecting data from a/an _________.
*a. population
b. sample
c. observation
d. subset
Learning Objective: 7-1
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling Strategies
Question Type: MC
4. For his study, Dai plans on observing a sub-group of teachers over several weeks to understand how
they make material culturally relevant. Dai is collecting data from a/an _________.
a. population
*b. sample
c. class
d. cohort
Learning Objective: 7-1
Cognitive Domain: Application
Instructor Resource
Lochmiller, An Introduction to Educational Research
SAGE Publications, 2017.
Answer Location: Sampling Strategies
Question Type: MC
5. Malaika recruits students from her own school in her study examining students’ perceptions of college
readiness. This is an example of _________.
*a. convenience sampling
b. purposeful sampling
c. snowball sampling
d. stratified sampling
Learning Objective: 7-2
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Convenience Sampling
Question Type: MC
8. Monica is working on a study where she is interviewing stakeholders’ views of a controversial bussing
policy in a number of districts. She begins her study by interviewing an assistant principal, who then
refers her to a transportation officer and several bus drivers in their district to contact about participating
next. This is an example of _________.
a. convenience sampling
b. purposeful sampling
*c. snowball sampling
d. stratified sampling
Learning Objective: 7-2
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Snowball Sampling
Question Type: MC
10. To answer her research question, Janelle recruits high school seniors who have been accepted to a
college or university and will be the first student in their family to attend college. This is an example of
_________.
a. convenience sampling
*b. purposeful sampling
c. snowball sampling
d. stratified sampling
Learning Objective: 7-2
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Purposeful Sampling
Question Type: MC
13. For his study, Dennis includes the entire population of Spanish teachers within the school district. This
is an example of _________.
*a. nonprobability sampling
b. probability sampling
c. systematic sampling
d. convenience sampling
Learning Objective: 7-3
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling in Quantitative Research
Question Type: MC
15. ____________sampling attempts to construct a sample that includes individuals who approximate the
population.
*a. Nonprobability sampling
b. Probability sampling
c. Snowball sampling
d. Convenience sampling
Learning Objective: 7-3
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Quantitative Research Designs
Question Type: MC
16. In Joel’s study, he selects middle schools with similar student enrollment, comparable locales and
similar proportions of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. This is an example of _________.
a. snowball sampling
b. simple random sampling
c. systematic sampling
*d. stratified sampling
Learning Objective: 7-3
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Stratified Sampling
Question Type: MC
17. For her study, Natalie selects every fifth student on the class roster. This is an example of
_________.
a. purposeful sampling
b. simple random sampling
*c. systematic sampling
d. stratified sampling
Learning Objective: 7-3
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Systematic Sampling
Question Type: MC
18. The most powerful type of sampling is __________, which allows researchers to generalize to
population as a whole.
a. nonprobability sampling
*b. probability sampling
c. purposeful sampling
d. snowball sampling
Learning Objective: 7-3
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sampling in Quantitative Research
Question Type: MC
19. A practitioner-scholar should consider __________ sampling when he or she wants to ensure that the
characteristics of the individuals (and potentially sites) included in the sample are representative of the
characteristics of the individuals (and sites) in the broader population.
a. purposeful
b. simple random
c. systematic
*d. stratified
Learning Objective: 7-3
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Instructor Resource
Lochmiller, An Introduction to Educational Research
SAGE Publications, 2017.
Answer Location: Sampling in Quantitative Research
Question Type: MC
20. For her study on bullying in her high school, Andrea assigns each student in the high school an
identifying number. Next, she uses a random number table to select individuals at random for the study
on the basis of the numbers they were initially assigned. This is an example of _________.
*a. simple random sampling
b. systematic sampling
c. stratified sampling
d. convenience sampling
Learning Objective: 7-3
Cognitive Domain: Applied
Answer Location: Simple Random Sampling
Question Type: MC
21. Which of the following should be included when developing interview questions?
a. Biased questions
b. Leading questions
*c. Open-ended questions
d. Double-barreled questions
Learning Objective: 7-4
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interviews and Focus Groups
Question Type: MC
22. Which of the following are most often used by practitioner-scholars, as it provides them more
flexibility, yet still provides questions as a guide?
a. Structured interview
*b. Semi-structured interview
c. Unstructured interview
d. Multi-modal interview
Learning Objective: 7-4
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interviews and Focus Groups
Question Type: MC
23. In a/an ____________________, you interview multiple participants at once using a common
interview protocol.
a. structured interview
b. semi-structured interview
c. unstructured interview
*d. focus group
Learning Objective: 7-4
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Interviews and Focus Groups
Question Type: MC
24. Allison is about to conduct an interview with one of the participants from her study. Which of the
following considerations does NOT apply?
a. Allison should be prepared for the interview with informed consent forms, an audio recorder, batteries,
a tablet and pen.
b. Allison should present herself as professional to the research participants.
c. Allison should not share the comments from other participants in the study.
*d. Allison should submit the informed consent forms to the IRB immediately following the interview.
Learning Objective: 7-4
Cognitive Domain: Application
Instructor Resource
Lochmiller, An Introduction to Educational Research
SAGE Publications, 2017.
Answer Location: Interviews and Focus Groups
Question Type: MC
25. Daniel is collecting data to understand superintendents’ views of the new state accountability
guidelines. He invites five principals to meet and answer questions using one collective protocol. This is
an example of a/an _________.
a. structured interview
b. semi-structured interview
c. unstructured interview
*d. focus group
Learning Objective: 7-4
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Interviews and Focus Groups
Question Type: MC
27. As you begin collecting documents, it is important to consider how you will _____ and ______ the
documents for your study.
a. store and share
b. share and catalog
c. store and discard
*d. store and catalog
Learning Objective: 7-4
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Documents
Question Type: MC
28. A form of observation that entails you minimizing your interactions with participants and primarily
engaging in observation is called _________.
a. participant observation
*b. non-participant observation
c. focus group
d. ethnography
Learning Objective: 7-4
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Observations
Question Type: MC
29. For her study on collaboration strategies among special education teachers, Shelly interacts with the
group of special education teachers, while also observing for research purposes. This is an example of
a/an _________.
*a. participant observation
b. non-participant observation
c. focus group
d. ethnography
Learning Objective: 7-4
Instructor Resource
Lochmiller, An Introduction to Educational Research
SAGE Publications, 2017.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Observations
Question Type: MC
31. For her study of student efficacy in science, Anita uses a student efficacy inventory which was
developed by another researcher. Anita is collecting data from a/an _________.
a. Student assessment
*b. Research instrument
c. Survey
d. Public-use dataset
Learning Objective: 7-5
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Research Instruments
Question Type: MC
33. For her study, Lisa is gathering information on school district locales and student achievement from
the National Center for Education Statistics. Lisa is collecting data from a/an _________.
a. student assessment
b. research instrument
c. survey
*d. public-use dataset
Learning Objective: 7-5
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Collecting Quantitative Data
Question Type: MC
34. What is a primary concern a practitioner-scholar must address when collecting data from student
assessments?
a. Generalizability
b. Allowing sufficient time
*c. Privacy rules
d. Random assignment
Learning Objective: 7-5
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Student Assessments
Question Type: MC
Instructor Resource
Lochmiller, An Introduction to Educational Research
SAGE Publications, 2017.
35. Which of the following is a caveat for using classroom assessment data in a study?
a. Obtain principal permission for data use
b. Obtain incentives for participation
*c. Obtain parent permission for data use
d. Obtain feedback from teachers
Learning Objective: 7-5
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Student Assessments
Question Type: MC
36. In which of the following does the practitioner-scholar typically NOT need permission?
a. Student assessment
b. Research instrument
c. Survey
*d. Public-use dataset
Learning Objective: 7-5
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Public-use Datasets or Extant Data
Question Type: MC
37. For his study, Jerome collects the ACT scores from all juniors in his district. Jerome is collecting data
from a/an _________.
*a. student assessment
b. research instrument
c. survey
d. public-use dataset
Learning Objective: 7-5
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Student Assessments
Question Type: MC
38. Technologies exist to ______ the data collection process, allowing you to more easily generate, store,
and retrieve your data sources
a. complicate
b. monetize
*c. streamline
d. increase
Learning Objective: 7-6
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Considering Technology Tools to Support Data Collection
Question Type: MC
39. Harry decides to use Survey Monkey to help with data collection. Which of the following key questions
does NOT apply to Harry’s use of technology tools?
a. To what extent will the technology help you organize and be able to retrieve data for your analysis?
*b. What types of audio- or video-recording features do you need?
c. What types of features would you find useful in an online survey platform?
d. To what extent does the technology allow you to share information, if working on a collaborative
project?
Learning Objective: 7-6
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Considering Technology Tools to Support Data Collection
Question Type: MC
Instructor Resource
Lochmiller, An Introduction to Educational Research
SAGE Publications, 2017.
40. Which of the following is an example of a technology tool used for conducting interviews?
*a. Digital recorder
b. Survey Monkey
c. Statistical software
d. Scanner
Learning Objective: 7-6
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Considering Technology Tools to Support Data Collection
Question Type: MC
True/False
41. One of the most important considerations practitioner-scholars face when conducting a research
study involves determining whether they will study a sample or a population.
*a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: 7-1
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sampling Strategies
Question Type: TF
42. In qualitative research, the aim is construct a sample that allows the participant-scholar to represent
the views, characteristics, experiences, or results of the population as a whole.
a. True
*b. False
Learning Objective: 7-1
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Strategies
Question Type: TF
43. Snowball sampling criteria can be included as part of a broader convenience sampling strategy.
a. True
*b. False
Learning Objective: 7-2
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Purposeful Sampling
Question Type: TF
44. Stratified sampling is similar to random sampling but does not involve using a random number table.
a. True
*b. False
Learning Objective: 7-3
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling in Quantitative Research
Question Type: TF
45. Practitioner-scholars should use only test scores to identify schools and districts for their study.
a. True
*b. False
Learning Objective: 7-3
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Considerations When Sampling Effective Schools or Districts
Question Type: TF
Instructor Resource
Lochmiller, An Introduction to Educational Research
SAGE Publications, 2017.
46. Much like an interview protocol, an observation protocol helps the practitioner-scholar structure their
data collection.
*a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: 7-4
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Observations
Question Type: TF
47. Practitioner-scholars can treat every interview as an opportunity to engage in ongoing, open-ended
conversation, without a specific aim.
a. True
*b. False
Learning Objective: 7-4
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Interviews and Focus Groups
Question Type: TF
48. Teachers can use data from their own assessments to conduct quantitative research.
*a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: 7-5
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Student Assessments
Question Type: TF
49. One of the unique characteristics of a survey is that does not need to be connected to the existing
research literature.
a. True
*b. False
Learning Objective: 7-5
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Surveys
Question Type: TF
50. Practitioner-scholars should become familiar with the technologies most relevant to their research
needs.
*a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: 7-6
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Considering Technology Tolls to Support Data Collection
Question Type: TF
Essay
Type: E
51. Explain the differences between a sample and a population. Provide an example of each.
*a. Key points a good answer should include:
Population: A collection of individuals or sites with similar characteristics that the researcher
wants to know something about
o Example: All English teachers in a school district
Instructor Resource
Lochmiller, An Introduction to Educational Research
SAGE Publications, 2017.
Sample: This refers to the individuals or sites from the population who will be interviewed,
observed, surveyed, or otherwise engaged in your research study; a sub-group of individuals or a
subset of sites that you will study in greater detail
o Example: A simple random sample of English teachers in a school district
Learning Objective: 7-1
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sampling Strategies
Question Type: ESS
Type: E
52. George is a high school principal. He wants to understand students’ perceptions of their school
culture. Explain a sampling strategy George could use for his study, as well as the advantages and
disadvantages of this type of sampling.
*a. Answers may vary. An example a student might choose is convenience sampling. Key points they
would need to include are:
Convenience sampling: The most straightforward approach to sampling in qualitative research, as
it involves engaging individuals or sites that are most accessible to you as a researcher. George
might conduct research on the students in his high school using this method
Advantages: Straightforward, easy to access and collect data while still being relevant and closely
related to the study’s focus
Disadvantages: the findings may not be representative, no criteria used in selection, problematic
regarding research ethics, where there is a difference in power between George and the students
Learning Objective(s): 7-2 or 7-3 (depending on the choice)
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Convenience Sampling
Question Type: ESS
Type: E
53. Imagine you conducting interviews for your study. Describe at least four of the key questions to
consider and why they are important regarding your research.
*a. Answers may vary. Students would need to include are at least four of the following, as well an
explanation for each of the four on why it is important. An example of an explanation is given for #1:
1. What is the aim or purpose of the interview?
This is important because it assures that you generate useful data while respecting your
participants’ time
2. Who will participate in the interview?
3. Which research question does the interview address?
4. How much time will you spend with the participant?
5. Where will the interview be conducted?
6. Will you audio- or video-record the interview?
7. Will you take notes?
8. How familiar will the participant be with the topic?
9. Are the questions that you plan to present clear?
10. Are the questions closed-ended?
11. Are the questions leading or biased?
12. How might you redesign your questions to assure that they are open-ended and not
open-ended?
Learning Objective(s): 7-3
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Interviews and Focus Groups
Question Type: ESS
Type: E
Instructor Resource
Lochmiller, An Introduction to Educational Research
SAGE Publications, 2017.
54. Imagine you developing a survey for your study. Describe at least four of the key questions to
consider and why they are important regarding your research.
*a. Answers may vary. Students would need to include are at least four of the following, as well an
explanation for each of the four on why it is important. An example of an explanation is given for #1:
1. How much time do you want the survey to require of your participants?
This is important because you need to communicate with participants how much time they
should allot for the survey
2. How many questions will the time constraints of your survey allow you to ask?
3. What format do you want the questions to have (Likert, matrix, open-ended, and so
on)?
4. How will you deploy the survey (in-person, online, paper, phone, email)?
5. How much time will you allow your participants to complete and return the survey?
6. How many times will you remind your participants about the survey?
7. What is the minimum number of responses you need (your response rate) to be able to
decide when to close your survey?
8. How will you handle responses received after the survey closes?
9. Will you use a survey incentive or thank you? If so, what will you use?
10. How will you handle incomplete surveys?
Learning Objective(s): 7-4
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Surveys
Question Type: ESS
Type: E
55. Imagine you are researching how a new university partnership with your school is impacting teachers.
Describe a qualitative or quantitative data collection strategy you could take to study how this partnership
influences teachers. Additionally, describe one or two technology tools that would help with your research
and explain why they would be useful.
*a. Answers may vary. An example a student might choose is a quantitative technique of a survey. Key
points they would need to include are:
Describing the data collection strategy: an online survey will be administered to teachers, using
the literature to guide the questions that used. From the literature, an existing survey was
adapted, and permission was obtained from the original creator of the survey.
Describing technology tool(s): Survey Monkey was used for administering the survey to teachers.
The platform enables the researcher to include both close-ended and open-ended questions.
After data collection, the data file will be downloaded in an Excel file to complete analysis.
Learning Objective(s): 7-4 or 7-5 (depending on the choice), 7-6
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling in Quantitative Research
Question Type: ESS
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