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Brief Table of Contents
List of Figures xvii with a frozen look on your face. Public speaking is
Preface xix the essence of what it means to be a public person.
Acknowledgments xxiii It’s what the Greeks and Romans called “rhetoric.”
(Check it out at: www.americanrhetoric.com.)
PART ONE
CHAPTER 1
PUBLIC SPEAKING IN AN ELECTRONIC
SPEECH AND HIGHER EDUCATION 3
WORLD 1
Studying Public Speaking 4
Contemporary society is millennia away from the
Orality in Public Life 6
origins of public discourse in classical Greece and
Basic Elements in the Speech-Making Process 7
Rome, yet we value oral communication, much as
Ethical Responsibilities for Speakers 8
they did thousands of years ago. In fact, we com-
Ethos in the Western World 9
municate in ways never imagined even a century
Speaking of . . . Ethics: Ethics and Public Speaking 10
ago. Television and radio offer 24/7 news channels,
The Moral Bases of Public Decision Making 10
sitcoms, and prime-time shows with their banter
Your First Speech 11
and argument. Also, the internet allows information
Assessing Your Progress 13
to reach people around the world almost instanta-
Chapter Summary 13
neously; you probably spend much of your time
Key Terms 13
texting, emailing, and IMing. Groups gather together
References 13
on Facebook, and chat rooms devote conversation to
Speaker’s Web 13
every conceivable topic. Oral communication domi-
nates even in the world of electronic culture.
CHAPTER 2
What you learn in this book about public
GETTING STARTED 15
speaking will also apply to email, text messaging,
e-groups, social media, and chat rooms. Part One Selecting and Narrowing the Subject 16
asks you to understand public speaking as much Speaking of . . . Skills: Brainstorming to
more than standing in front of a group of people Generate Topics 17
x TA B LE OF CONT ENT S
talk is the common denominator. The internet can Using Motivational Appeals 214
bring you materials, but you, the voice of one group Speaking of . . . Ethics: Using Fear Appeals 215
member or citizen, are still the voice of material, Enhancing Your Credibility 216
argument, persuasion, and collective memory. And Speaking of . . . Skills: Inoculating Audiences
so, Part Four will complete your introduction to the Against Counterpersuasion 217
role of public speaking in public life. Organizing Persuasive Speeches:
The Motivated Sequence 218
CHAPTER 12 Step 1: Attention 220
SPEECHES TO INFORM 189 Step 2: Need 220
Speaking of . . . Skills: Persuading the Diverse
Types of Informative Speeches 190
Audience 220
Explanations and Lectures 190
Step 3: Satisfaction 221
Demonstrations 190
Step 4: Visualization 222
Oral Reports 191
Step 5: Action 223
Essential Qualities of Informative Speeches 191
Sample Outline for a Persuasive Speech 223
Striving for Clarity 191
Sample Outline for an Actuative Speech 226
Speaking of . . . Skills: Choosing a Topic 192
Assessing Your Progress 228
Speaking of . . . Skills: Information Overload 193
Chapter Summary 228
Associating New Ideas with Familiar Ones 194
Clustering Ideas 194 Key Terms 229
Constructing Strong Visualizations 194 References 229
Providing Motivational Appeal 195 Speaker’s Web 230
Sample Outline for a Demonstration Speech 195
Tips for Developing Informative Speeches 197 CHAPTER 14
Creating Curiosity 197 ARGUMENTATION AND CRITICAL
Adapting to Prior Knowledge 198 THINKING 233
Using Repetition 199
Rational Thinking and Talking:
Involving Listeners 199
Argumentation 234
Choosing an Appropriate Organizational
Types of Claims 234
Pattern 199
Types of Evidence 237
Employing Multiple Channels 200
Forms of Reasoning 238
Suggesting Additional Resources 200
Evaluating Arguments 240
Sample Outline for an Informative Speech 201
Reasoning from Examples 240
Sample Informative Speech 203
Reasoning from Generalization 241
Assessing Your Progress 205
Reasoning from Sign 241
Chapter Summary 205
Reasoning from Parallel Case 241
Key Terms 205
Reasoning from Cause 241
References 206
Speaking of . . . Skills: Evaluating Arguments 242
Speaker’s Web 206
Sample Outline for an Argumentative Speech 242
Detecting Fallacies in Reasoning 245
CHAPTER 13
Tips for Developing Argumentative Speeches 246
SPEECHES TO PERSUADE 209
Speaking of . . . Skills: Responding to
Selecting Motivational Appeals 210 Counterarguments 247
Some Common Motivational Appeals 210 Assessing Your Progress 247
Speaking of . . . Skills: Basic Human Needs 211 Chapter Summary 247
TAB L E O F C ONTE NTS xv
This edition of Principles of Public Speaking includes a number of updates and new features while retaining
the time-tested pedagogy that has trained thousands of students to speak confidently. Throughout the text-
book, I have updated the examples, statistics, and other supporting information. As in previous editions,
I have blended student speeches with others who are present in political, social, and cultural life. I have
streamlined material such as outlining speeches and using visual aids so that students are prepared quickly
to speak without sacrificing the quality of their preparation. As a result, this is a textbook that is solidly
rooted in the best practices of pedagogy and research while offering cutting-edge examples and approaches
in a world that is rapidly changing.
While my basic approach to training speakers remains the same, you’ll notice a number of changes
including:
A TRADITION OF EXCELLENCE
Principles of Public Speaking, Nineteenth Edition, presents the fundamental principles that have helped thou-
sands of students gain the confidence and expertise to speak in public. It combines the latest research of
scholars in rhetorical and communication theory with practical advice on how to speak effectively in a cul-
turally diverse society. It retains the core concept of Monroe’s motivated sequence that has been its trademark
from its inception, and it brings cutting-edge electronic resources and technology to public speaking. Four
fundamental principles describe the basic approach of the book:
xx PREFACE
1. This textbook gets you on your feet quickly. You will become acquainted with the communication
concepts to prepare and critique speeches, and you will be encouraged to put those concepts into
practice early. Chapter 3, Coping with Anxiety, will explain the apprehension associated with public
speaking and, from there, help you overcome it. Later chapters will discuss ideas in more detail on how
to develop your expertise as a public speaker and a critical listener.
2. This textbook focuses on communication in your college life but also includes examples from
the community and beyond. Understandably, your college environment probably commands your
immediate attention, but you’re also preparing for a lifetime of public participation. To help you now
and in the future, I have incorporated applications and examples from both the college world and the
worlds of work, politics, and social activism.
3. This textbook challenges you technically, intellectually, and morally. Throughout your life, you will
be expected to know how to accomplish goals (technical skills), how to analyze situations and propose
courses of action (intellectual skills), and how to interact with others ethically (moral development).
This book challenges you not only to develop these skills and thought processes as a speaker and critical
listener but also to understand your responsibilities as you participate in an increasingly diverse world.
4. This textbook asks you who you are and to consider how your identity affects your success in
reaching varied audiences. Social networking is important not only digitally but also in face-to-face
situations, where aspects of you and your audience’s demographic and psychological profiles impact
on speaker–listener relationships. Varied relationships require different kinds of approaches to diverse
audiences. The best speakers learn to cope with that diversity.
Principles of Public Speaking, Nineteenth Edition, is organized into four parts, reflecting the four major empha-
ses of most contemporary courses in public speaking. Part One: Public Speaking in an Electronic World
provides you with an orientation to the communication process in the digital age. Here, you will encoun-
ter the conceptual underpinnings of communication theory; examine the public speaking skills that will
enhance your success in school, at work, and in society; and learn how to adapt your ideas to the people
who make all the difference: your audience. The chapters in Part One introduce important ways to think
about speech making, even as you give your first classroom speeches. Numerous examples show you how
the particular skills involved in public speaking apply to a variety of real-world contexts.
Part Two: Planning and Preparing Your Speech offers a step-by-step approach to speech preparation.
You will gain skill as a speaker by breaking down this complex task into its component parts: setting your
purposes, articulating central ideas, finding and assessing supporting materials, organizing and outlining
these materials, and building effective introductions and conclusions.
Building a speech is the first half of the speech-making process. The other half is actually delivering
your speech: putting your presentation into words, gestures, bodily actions, vocal patterns, and visual aids.
That’s what Part Three: Presenting Your Speech is all about. Every time you speak, you’re communicating
through four channels: language, sounds, movements, and visuals. While speaking, you’re managing mul-
tiple media simultaneously. The chapters in Part Three will help you master how to send and control the
message flowing through each channel.
There are many different kinds of speeches, each with its own demands and conventional rules. In Part Four:
Types of Public Speaking, you will learn about four broad categories of speeches: speeches to inform, speeches
to persuade, argumentative speeches, and speeches in community settings. Studying the characteristics
P REFAC E xxi
of each of these types of speeches will help you refine your speech-making skills and learn how to adapt
them to particular speaking situations.
• Working across multiple platforms is crucial for today’s successful speaker. The Speaker’s Web references
in each chapter expand textbook material with additional thoughts, examples, and resources. These
references are indicated by mouse icons in the margins. To use the references, simply enter the URL and
explore the site. (Unless otherwise stated, all sites were accessible in January 2017.)
• We live and interact in an increasingly diverse society. Successful public speakers recognize the con-
nections between culture and public speaking and are able to adjust their senses of self, styles, and
presentational strategies to their audiences.
• Critical thinking is an important part of overall education, including speech instruction. The text covers
critical thinking throughout the book and highlights the topic in Chapter 4.
• A series of boxed features called “Speaking of . . .” discusses practical strategies for preparing and deliver-
ing effective speeches, as well as the moral consequences of communicating.
• Sample outlines and speeches demonstrate the application of speech-making principles. Annotations on
many of the outlines and speeches alert you to the rhetorical principles being used.
Acknowledgments
We owe a great debt to instructors who took the time to review this edition and offer feedback and suggestions:
A special thank you is also due to the thousands of students and instructors who have used this textbook.
Their support and suggestions over the years have helped to make Principles of Public Speaking comprehensive
and enduring. In this way, this textbook belongs to all those who have shared it.
Kathleen M. German
Bruce E. Gronbeck (1941–2014)
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Kahdeksaskolmatta luku
MONSIEUR DE RIVAROLIN KUNNIA
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VILHELM-KUNINKAAN PALVELUKSESSA
Kun pieni mies astui portailta keskilaivaan, jonne Blood oli mennyt
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