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 Contents

Cofferdams 341
Steel sheet piling 342
Caissons 345
Underpinning 349
Ground water control 358
Soil stabilisation and improvement 368
Reclamation of waste land 373
Treatment of contaminated subsoil 374

Part Five Superstructure † 1

Choice of materials 378
Stonework 379
Brick manufacture 387
Brick bonding 391
Cavity walls 409
Boundary walls 413
Damp-proof courses and membranes 420
Gas-resistant membranes 427
Calculated brickwork 429
Mortars 434
Arches and openings 436
Windows 445
Glass and glazing 462
Doors 476
Crosswall construction 486
Framed construction 490
Rendering to external walls 494
Cladding to external walls 497
Roofs † basic forms 505
Pitched roofs 509
Double lap tiling 522
Single lap tiling 531
Slating 535
Timber flat roofs 542
Dormer windows 557
Ventilation of roofs 560
Green roofs 567
Thermal insulation 569
U-values 570
Insulation of construction elements 592
Thermal bridging 605
Access for the disabled 611

vii
Contents

Part Six Superstructure † 2

Reinforced concrete slabs 618
Reinforced concrete framed structures 622
Reinforcement types 632
Structural concrete, fire protection 635
Formwork 636
Precast concrete frames 645
Prestressed concrete 649
Prestressed concrete systems 653
Structural steelwork sections 664
Structural steelwork connections 669
Structural fire protection 674
Portal frames 686
Composite timber beams 695
Multi-storey structures 698
Roof sheet coverings 705
Long span roofs 710
Shell roof construction 724
Membrane roofs 733
Rooflights 735
Panel walls 739
Rainscreen cladding 745
Structural glazing 748
Curtain walling 750
Concrete claddings 754
Concrete surface finishes 761
Concrete surface defects 765

Part Seven Internal Construction and Finishes

Internal elements 768
Internal walls 769
Construction joints 774
Internal walls, fire protection 776
Party/separating walls 777
Partitions 779
Strut design 781
Plasters and plastering 786
Dry lining techniques 791
Plasterboard 794
Wall tiling 797
Domestic floors and finishes 799
Large cast in-situ ground floors 808
Concrete floor screeds 810
Timber suspended upper floors 813

viii
 Contents

Lateral restraint 816

Timber beam design 817
Holing and notching joists 822
Timber floors, fire protection 824
Reinforced concrete suspended floors 826
Precast concrete floors 831
Raised access floors 837
Sound insulation 838
Timber, concrete and metal stairs 846
Internal doors 877
Doorsets 881
Fire-resisting doors 882
Plasterboard ceilings 888
Suspended ceilings 889
Paints and painting 894
Joinery production 898
Composite boarding 904
Plastics in building 906

Part Eight Domestic Services

Drainage effluents 912
Subsoil drainage 913
Surface water removal 915
Road drainage 920
Rainwater installations 922
Drainage systems 925
Drainage --- pipe sizes and gradients 935
Water supply 936
Cold water installations 939
Hot water installations 941
Flow controls 946
Cisterns and cylinders 947
Pipework joints 949
Sanitary fittings 950
Single and ventilated stack systems 953
Hot water heating systems 959
Electrical supply and installation 963
Gas supply and gas fires 972
Open fireplaces and flues 976
Services † fire stops and seals 985
Telephone installations 986
Electronic communications installations 987

Index 989

ix
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Page Intentionally Left Blank

xi
PREFACE TO ELEVENTH EDITION
The Building Construction Handbook originated in 1982 as a series of four
“check-books” written and illustrated by Roy Chudley. In 1988 these successful
study guides were consolidated into one volume under the present title. The
format of comprehensive illustrations and support text has been maintained as
revisions and updates are incorporated into new editions. This latest edition
contains a fresh assessment of the practices, procedures, guidance and legislation
appropriate to construction and maintenance of housing and other low-rise
buildings. It also includes applications to medium and larger scale structures
for commercial and industrial purposes.
Much of the work from earlier editions is retained as an important reference,
acknowledging that the industry end product generally has a long life span
representative of high capital investment. Product aftercare in the form of
maintenance, repair, renovation, refurbishment, extensions and alterations can
represent some 50% of the industry turnover, much more when bank lending is
limited for new development. For this purpose, many established and traditional
practices shown in earlier editions are retained. Existing practices also benchmark
development as a basis from which contemporary design and technology evolve.
This is in response to political, social and economic requirements through
legislative directives for environmental issues, energy regulation, fuel
conservation and the need for sustainability in construction.
The content of the book is extensive, although no textbook, not least this
one, could ever incorporate all practices experienced in an industry so diverse
as construction. The content is not exemplar and neither does it attempt to be
prescriptive. It is a perspective of construction principles including guidance to
processes and, where appropriate, associated design. Building is to some extent
determined by availability of materials and skilled operatives; therefore local,
regional and national factors will also be responsible for some variation.
Supplementary study material and detail can be obtained from professional
journals, legislative papers, manufacturers’ product literature, the many cross-
references in the text and attending exhibits and seminars. The most valuable
learning resource is observing and monitoring construction in progress.

RG 2016
1 GENERAL

BUILT ENVIRONMENT
THE STRUCTURE
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ELEMENTS
COMPONENT PARTS AND FUNCTIONS
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS
BUILDING SURVEY
ENERGY PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATES
METHOD STATEMENT AND PROGRAMMING
WEIGHTS AND DENSITIES OF BUILDING MATERIALS
IMPOSED FLOOR LOADS
DRAWINGS --- NOTATIONS
PLANNING APPLICATION
MODULAR COORDINATION
CONSTRUCTION REGULATIONS
CDM REGULATIONS
SAFETY SIGNS AND SYMBOLS
BUILDING REGULATIONS
ACCREDITED CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
CODE FOR SUSTAINABLE HOMES
BRITISH STANDARDS
EUROPEAN STANDARDS
PRODUCT AND PRACTICE ACCREDITATION
CI/SFB SYSTEM OF CODING
CPI SYSTEM OF CODING
UNICLASS SYSTEM OF CODING

1
Built Environment

Environment = surroundings which can be natural, man-made or a

combination of these.

Built Environment = created by man with or without the aid of the

natural environment.

daylight,

2
 Built Environment

Environmental Considerations:

1. Planning requirements.
2. Building Regulations.
3. Land restrictions by vendor
or lessor.
4. Availability of services.
5. Local amenities including
transport.
6. Subsoil conditions.
7. Levels and topography of
land.
8. Adjoining buildings or land.
9. Use of building.
10. Daylight and view aspects.

Examples ~

3
Built Environment

Physical Considerations:

1. Natural contours of land.

2. Natural vegetation and trees.
3. Size of land and/or proposed building.
4. Shape of land and/or proposed building.
5. Approach and access roads and footpaths.
6. Services available.
7. Natural waterways, lakes and ponds.
8. Restrictions such as rights of way; tree preservation and
ancient buildings.
9. Climatic conditions created by surrounding properties, land or
activities.
10. Proposed future developments.

Examples ~

4
The Structure --- Basic Types

5
The Structure --- Basic Types

6
The Structure --- Basic Forms

7
The Structure --- Basic Forms

8
 The Structure --- Basic Forms

Shell Roofs ~ these are formed by a structural curved skin

covering a given plan shape and area.

9
The Structure --- Basic Forms

10
 Substructure

Substructure ~ can be defined as all structure below the

superstructure which in general terms is considered to include all
structure below ground level but including the ground floor bed.

11
Superstructure and Primary Elements

Superstructure ~ can be defined as all structure above

substructure both internally and externally.

Primary Elements ~ basically components of the building carcass

above the substructure excluding secondary elements, finishes,
services and fittings.

12
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