Unit 12: Population in Pakistan

Population Growth

• Population growth is directly related to birth rate and death rate and migration
• Birth rate and death rate can be measured by average number of births and deaths per
thousand people.

Rate of natural increase in population = Birth Rate- Death Rate

d
Reasons for High Population

i
• More resources

ah
• Economic, political and social factors
• Farmers need more people to work on farms
• Early marriages
• Religious issues
Sh
• Migration
• Hope for son
• Illiteracy
a

How to reduce population

• population welfare programmes should work effectively

hr

• NGOs are working on population welfare programmes

• Increase in literacy rate
• Services of Ulamas to convince people about population control.
Za

• More education institutions for females.

• Utilization of natural and human resources in better way to support the economy of
our country.
The demographic transition model

• It suggests population or demographic rate can be divided into four stages

• Model is on the basis of assumptions

Stage I (1905-1935)
 Small population:

1
  High birth rate due to….
o No birth control
o large families were the matter of pride
o Farming is the main occupation
 High death rate were due to……
o high infant mortality
o shortage of food supplies
o poor hygienic facilities

d
o Little development in medical science
Stage II (1936-1970)

i
• Rise in rate of natural increase in population

ah
• Death rate fell rapidly
• Increased medical
facilities

vaccinations
Sh
hospitals

doctors

antibiotics
a

Life saving drugs

Improvement in sanitation and water supply

hr

increase in food production

Better transportation system

Za

Decrease in child mortality rate

Stage III(1971-2005)

 Fall in birth rate and death rate

 Fall in birth rate is due to:
• Ambitious family planning
• Improvement in literacy rate
• Increased industrialization and mechanization
• Mostly women work and are career oriented
• Women get married at late age

2
 • Increased material possession rather than children
Stage IV(2006 - 2040)

 Death rate and Birth rate will remain low which will lead to low natural increase in
population
Population structure and growth

• Population growth is determined by number of persons to be fed, cloth, houses

and employment
tomorrow and today.

d
It is percentage of males and females

i
in different age groups

ah
Population Pyramid

• Population pyramid shows

the birth rate

Sh
death rate

life expectancy

age group of males and

females(fig 12.6)
a
hr
Za

Employment

• Definition:

“employment means that all

the people of ten years of age and

3
above, who worked one hour during the reference period and were either paid or self-
employed.”

“The state of being employed”

Employed forces by sector

• Primary sector:

non wage employment

disguised employment

d
• Secondary sector:

i
Definition

ah
• Tertiary sector:

Definition
Unemployment
Sh
• State of Being unable to find a paid job.
 Causes of Unemployment
o High rate of population
o Mechanization in agriculture
o Revolution in information technology
a

o Cultural restrains
o Mismatch in demand and supply of Labour
hr

o Agriculture
o Rural urban migration
o Political instability
Za

Population distribution and density

Definition:

“Number of people in unit area”

OR

“Number of people living in 1sq km.”

Factors affecting distribution and density of population

From book

4
Physical factors

Human factors
Migration

Problems resulting from Rural Urban Migration

1.Housing problem
• deterioration in living condition
• increased health hazards

d
• rapid growth of slums and squatter

Following institutions are working on it

i
ah
• Pakistan Public Work Development(PWD)
• National Housing Authority(NHA)
• Pakistan Housing Authority(PHA)
• Federal Government Employee’s Housing Foundation(FGEHF)
•
Sh
House Building Finance Cooperation(HBFC)
2.Environmental Degradation:

• Pressure on urban resources.

• Excessive generation of solid waste

a

• Air, water and land pollution

hr

• Municipal and industrial waste have contaminated the ground water.

3.Pressure on Infrastructure facilities

• Transportation, sanitation, drainage system and electricity, water and gas supply are not
Za

normally designed for growing population.

4. Increase in crime rate

• Lack of employment facilities
• Terrorist organizations
Types of Migration

• Internal migration

rural to urban

5
 rural to rural

urban to rural

urban to urban
• External migration
Effect of internal migration

• Shortage of houses
• Sewerage issues

d
• Electricity supply problems
• Transport and infrastructure facilities.

i
International migration

ah
• The partition (Afghan refugees migration to middle East, migration to Western countries )

Problems:
Sh
Less people to run the social and technical network of Pakistan.
Emigration / immigration

• People leaving from the country is called emigration.

• People coming to a country is called immigration.
Sustainable population growth
a

Attain balance between resources and population, promote population planning, awareness
hr

about the consequences of rapid population growth

Za