TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Academic Year 2023-2024

Semester 2

EET4L AC MACHINES

Module No. 7A - Determination of Equivalent Circuit

Parameter of a Three Phase Induction Motor
(Blocked Rotor Test)

9th Week (Laboratory)

TUPM-22-2390 2A
Student ID No. Section
SUMBONG ARVIN JAY 5/6/24
Student’s Name Date of Submission

Date Submitted: 5/6/24

ASSESSMENT: NOTE:

Max. Marks
Assessment For minor plagiarism:
Marks Awarded
Performance 2
Both student who copied and student
Data Collection and who allowed another student to copy
2
Analysis his/her work will be given Zero Mark.
Results and Discussions 2

Lab Assessment 4
For late submission:
Total 10
A deduction of 2 Marks / Day out of
Lecturer Signature: 100 marks for late submission of
module activities will apply.
Engr. Rommel Aunario

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I. Aims/Objectives

After going through this module, you are expected to:

This test is performed to determine the short-circuit current Isc with normal applied voltage to stator;
power factor on short-circuit; total equivalent resistance and reactance of the motor as referred to
stator. The locked rotor test is done by mechanically holding the motor shaft from turning and applying
a reduced Voltage on the stator.

II. Overview

The equivalent circuit of three-phase induction motor is determined by the no-load test and block
rotor test..

Figure 1 Equivalent Circuit of a Single-Phase Induction Motor

Blocked Rotor Test

With the rotor at rest, voltage is applied to the stator main winding, and is increased gradually from
zero so that rated current flow in main winding. Under this condition, i.e. with rotor stationary, the
slip s = 1 and the voltage required to circulate full-load current is very low. Therefore, flux is small and
the magnetizing current flowing to Xm is also very low. In view of this, magnetizing reactance can be
neglected and that gives the equivalent circuit as shown in Fig. 2.

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 Let consider Vsc = Applied short circuit voltage on stator side.

Isc = Short circuit current.

Wsc = Total Ohmic loss.

𝑟 𝑊
The total equivalent resistance 𝑅𝑠𝑐 = 𝑟1 + 2 ( 22 ) = 𝐼 2𝑠𝑐
𝑠𝑐

Since resistance of main winding r1 is already measured, effective rotor resistance r2

𝑟2 = 𝑅𝑠𝑐 − 𝑟1
𝑉𝑠𝑐
The total equivalent per phase impedance 𝑍𝑠𝑐 = 𝐼𝑠𝑐
𝑥
Therefore, total equivalent per phase reactance 𝑋𝑠𝑐 = 𝑥1 + 2 ( 22 ) = √𝑍 2 𝑠𝑐 − 𝑅2 𝑠𝑐

Since the leakage reactance x1 and x2 can't be separated out, it is assumed that

1
𝑥1 = 𝑥2 = ∗ 𝑋𝑠𝑐
2

Fig 2 Equivalent Circuit for Block Rotor Test Fig 3 Equivalent Circuit for No Load Test

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In this experiment we will block the rotor from rotating equivalent to making s=1 so that R2’(1/s-1) =
0. applying a low voltage to the stator so as to limit the current drawn to its full load value. At this
reduced voltage, the core loss can be neglected but the effect of Xm must be taken into account.
Determining the values of the different parameters of the equivalent circuit of a three-phase induction
motor. This test is conducted through an online simulation provided.

III. Theory

Like the short-circuit test on a transformer, the Blocked-Rotor test on an induction motor gives
information with respect to the leakage impedances. The rotor is blocked so that it cannot rotate
(hence the slip is equal to unity), and balanced polyphase voltages are applied to the stator terminals.

Figure 7-4 Equivalent Circuit for a Blocked Rotor Test Figure 7-5 Phasor Diagram

In some cases, the blocked-rotor torque also is measured. The equivalent circuit for blocked-rotor
conditions is identical to that of a short, circuited transformer. An induction motor is more
complicated than a transformer, however, because its leakage impedance may be affected by
magnetic saturation of the leakage-flux paths and by rotor frequency. The blocked-rotor impedance
may also be affected by rotor position, although this effect generally is small with squirrel-cage rotors.

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The guiding principle is that the blocked-rotor test should be performed under conditions for which
the current and rotor frequency are approximately the same as those in the machine at the operating
condition for which the performance is later to be calculated. For example, if one is interested in the
characteristics at slips near unity, as in starting, the blocked-rotor test should be taken at normal
frequency and with currents near the values encountered in starting. If, however, one is interested in
normal running characteristics, the blocked-rotor test should be taken at a reduced voltage which
results in approximately rated current; the frequency also should be reduced, since the values of rotor
effective resistance and leakage inductance at the low rotor frequencies corresponding to small slips
may differ appreciably from their values at normal frequency, particularly with double-cage or deep-
bar rotors.

The total leakage reactance at normal frequency can be obtained from this test value by considering
the reactance to be proportional to frequency. The effects of frequency often are negligible for normal
motors of less than 25-hp rating, and the blocked impedance can then be measured directly at normal
frequency. The importance of maintaining test currents near their rated value stems from the fact that
this leakage reactance is significantly affected by saturation. Based upon blocked-rotor
measurements, the blocked-rotor reactance can be found from the blocked-rotor reactive power.

where
Sbl= nph V1,bl I1,bl

is the total blocked-rotor apparent power.

The blocked-rotor reactance, corrected to rated frequency, can then be calculated as

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The blocked-rotor resistance can be calculated from the blocked-rotor input power as

Once these parameters have been determined, the equivalent circuit parameters can be determined.
Under blocked-rotor conditions, an expression for the stator input impedance can be obtained (with
s = 1) as

Here we have assumed that the reactance is at their rated-frequency values. Making appropriate
approximations (e.g., assuming),

Thus, the apparent resistance under blocked-rotor conditions is given by

and the apparent rated-frequency blocked-rotor reactance by

The rotor leakage reactance X₂ and resistance R₂ can be found as

To achieve maximum accuracy as with the no-load test, if possible, the value of the stator resistance
should be corrected to the value corresponding to the temperature of the blocked-rotor test. Thus

EET4AL - Module 7a 6 / 14
Equation (xi) expresses the rotor leakage reactance X₂ in terms of the measured quantities X nl and
Xbl and the unknown stator leakage reactance X1. It is not possible to make an additional
measurement from which X1 and X2can be determined uniquely. Fortunately, the performance of the
motor is affected relatively little by the way in which the total leakage reactance is distributed
between the stator and rotor. If the motor class is unknown, it is common to assume that X1 and
X2 are equal.

Once the fractional relationship between X1 and X2 has been determined, X2 (and hence X1) can be
found in terms of Xnl and Xbl by solving the resultant quadratic equation. The magnetizing reactance
Xm can then be determined.

Finally, using the known stator resistance and the values of Xm and X2 which are now known, the rotor
resistance R2 can now be determined.

IV. Apparatus and Materials Required

No. Name Description Quantity

1 Power Supply Three Phase 1
2 Motor Three Phase Induction Motor 1
3 Measuring Instrument Ammeter 1-20 A 1
4 Measuring Instrument Voltmeter 1 - 230 V 1
5 Measuring Instrument Wattmeter 2

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V. Experimental Set-up

Figure 4: Circuit Diagram

Figure 7-3 Wiring Setup

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VI. Procedure

1. Align the mechanical load with the shaft and tighten it with the help of a wrench.

2. Select the cable color button (red).

3. Connect L31 with CC (current coil) of the wattmeter on the left side.

4. Connect common point of wattmeter with u1.

5. Select the cable color (green).

6. Connect PC (potential coil) with v1 .

7. Connect L32 with v1.

8. Select the cable color (blue).

9. Connect L33 with CC of the wattmeter on the right side.

10. Connect the common point of the wattmeter with w1.

11. Select the cable color (green).

12. Connect PC with v1.

13. Select the cable color (green) .

14. Connect L32 with one terminal of the voltmeter.

15. Select the cable color (blue) .

16. Connect L33 with the other terminal of the voltmeter.

17. Select the cable color (black).

18. Connect ammeter between u2 and v2.

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19. Short v2 and w2.

20. Click the check button and if the connection is correct, click OK

21. If the connection is wrong, follow the error message displayed and correct the
connection.

22. Select 1 on the two-way switch on the left-hand side of the panel.

23. Switch ON the MCB and click the start button.

24. Switch ON the second MCB.

25. Click ‘b’ on the three-way switch to select the variable voltage.

26. Select 1 on the next two-way switch.

27. Select voltage with the voltage regulator knob.

28. Note the readings of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter.

VII. Data Collection and Analysis

Table 1. Measured Values

W1 W2 Wsc =| W1+ W2 | Isc Vsc

absolute value
-0.327W -0.299W 0.626W 6.758A 28.39V

-1.188W -1.086W 2.274W 12.87A 54.08V

The blocked rotor test can be used to find the motor’s equivalent circuit
parameters. This test helps in determining the motor’s equivalent circuit
parameters under blocked rotor conditions, such as resistance, reactance,
and impedance.

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Table 2. Calculated Parameters

𝑉𝑠𝑐 −1 𝑊𝑠𝑐 𝑅𝑠𝑐

𝑍𝑠𝑐 = ( ) ∗ (√3) 𝑅𝑠𝑐 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝑠𝑐 =
𝐼𝑠𝑐 𝐼𝑠𝑐 𝑍𝑠𝑐

2.425Ω 0.777mΩ 89.982°

𝑋𝑠𝑐 = 𝑍𝑠𝑐 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅𝑠𝑐 𝑋𝑠𝑐

𝑋𝑠𝑐 = √𝑍𝑠𝑐 2 − 𝑅𝑠𝑐 2 𝑋2𝑠𝑐 = = 𝑋1
2

2.425Ω 90° 1.213Ω

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VIII. Results and Discussions

1. What is the difference between the no load test on an induction motor and open circuit test on
transformer?

Both tests are used to find the core losses in electrical machines; however, the
open-circuit test on a transformer is used to find the losses in a transformer,
and the no-load test on an induction motor is used to find the losses in a
motor.

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2. In the no-load test why does the wattmeter indicate negative reading?

Under certain conditions, the wattmeter may show a negative result during an
induction motor no-load test. The relative phase relationship between the
motor circuit's voltage and current is the reason this happens.

The motor only experiences core losses, loss of friction, and windage losses
during the no-load test as there is no mechanical load on it. The wattmeter
measures the power utilized by the motor, which represents these losses.

3. How will you get positive wattmeter reading?

You must make sure that the voltage and current in the motor circuit are in
phase with one another or have a leading power factor to get a positive
wattmeter reading during an induction motor's no-load test.

4. In no load test wattmeter reads which losses?

The wattmeter on an induction motor measures the core losses as well as the
losses from windage and friction during a no-load test.

5. If the blocked rotor test is to be performed on wound rotor and if rotor winding is kept open, will
you be able to perform the test?

No, an induction motor with a wound rotor is unable to undergo the blocked
rotor test if the rotor winding is left open.

6. How direction of rotation of three phase induction motor can be reversed?

By switching any two of the three supply lines that connect to the motor, a
three-phase induction motor's rotational direction can be changed.

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7. Draw the equivalent circuit of a three-phase induction motor.

IX. Conclusion

A three-phase induction motor's equivalent circuit can be found using the

block rotor and no-load tests. These tests enable the computation of the
various parameters of the equivalent circuit and provide information about the
leakage impedances.

Student’s Name and Signature/Date

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