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(Download PDF) Financial Accounting and Reporting An International Approach 1st Edition Deegan Test Bank Full Chapter
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c7
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
3. Upward revaluation of inventory is permitted for as long as all assets in same inventory class are revalued.
True False
5. The definition of inventories includes assets in the form of materials or supplies to be consumed in the
production process or in rendering of services.
True False
6. IAS 2 requires that fixed manufacturing costs be excluded from the cost of inventories, as they cannot be
allocated accurately.
True False
7. Standard costs may be used to arrive at the cost of inventory only where standards are set at ideal levels and
any costs arising from exceptional wastage are excluded from the cost of inventories.
True False
8. The value of inventory reported in the financial statements under IAS 2 may be reported at an amount lower
than its original cost.
True False
9. The cost-flow assumption selected for inventory costing purposes should always reflect the physical flow of
goods out of inventory.
True False
10. The only difference between IAS 2 and company law is that the 'international' standards allow inventory to
be valued using LIFO.
True False
11. A company engaged in buying and selling equity securities should consider this asset as inventory and
should be accounted for in accordance with IAS 2.
True False
13. Perpetual inventory system is also known as the physical inventory method.
True False
14. When reversing a previous period inventory write down, this would result in a debit entry to the inventory
account.
True False
21. Fixed production costs are those that, within normal operating limits:
A. vary in relation to production volume by a fixed amount.
B. remain a constant per unit amount as volume changes.
C. vary in relation to the levels of input but remain constant at varying levels of output.
D. remain a constant amount at varying production volume levels.
22. The two main methods for dealing with fixed costs in relation to the production of inventory are:
A. variable costing and incremental costing.
B. absorption costing and direct costing.
C. overhead costing and ABC costing.
D. relevant costing and incremental costing.
23. Which of the following statements is correct in relation to the costing of inventories?
A. Direct costing treats fixed production costs as an expense of the period and is not permitted as a method for
valuing inventories under IAS 2.
B. Absorption costing treats fixed production costs as a product cost, allocating them to the goods produced,
and is not permitted as a method for valuing inventories under IAS 2.
C. Absorption costing treats fixed production costs as an expense of the period and is the required method for
valuing inventories under IAS 2.
D. Direct costing treats fixed production costs as a product cost, allocating them to the goods produced, and is
not permitted as a method of valuing inventory under IAS 2.
24. Toey Ltd has provided the following information about the total production cost and estimates of realisable
value of three lines of shoes they produce within the same class of inventory
Packaging and freight are necessary in order to be able to sell the shoes. What is the value of the inventory in
accordance with IAS 2?
A. $34 000
B. $40 000
C. $32 000
D. $24 000
25. The following information relates to the total production costs and estimates of realisable value for a line of
water pistols produced by Splash Happy Co Ltd.
Packaging and transport costs are necessarily incurred in order to be able to sell the inventory. What is the
value of the inventory in accordance with IAS 2?
A. $37 000
B. $21 000
C. $39 000
D. $36 000
26. Balmoral Ltd commenced business on 1 July 2013. The company manufactures bookcases. Summary data
for Balmoral's first full year of operations are:
Packaging and delivery are essential to be able to sell the product. What total value should be attributed to
finished goods inventory in the financial statements in accordance with IAS 2?
A. $58 950
B. $63 000
C. $49 500
D. $69 660
27. Video Productions Ltd commenced business manufacturing video tapes on 1 July 2013. Summary data for
the first full year of production are:
Packaging and delivery are essential to be able to sell the product. What total value should be attributed to
finished goods inventory in the financial statements in accordance with IAS 2?
A. $66 400
B. $72 000
C. $46 400
D. $50 000
29. According to IAS 2, one or more of which set of methods should be used to apply the costs of inventories
to particular items of inventory?
A. specific identification, LIFO or FIFO
B. absorption costing, weighted average costing or LIFO
C. FIFO, specific identification or weighted average cost
D. weighted average costing, ABC costing or FIFO
30. In addition to the cost-flow assumption, the system used to record movements in inventory also affects the
determination of the cost of inventory. What are the systems commonly in use for recording the movement of
inventory?
A. continuous and cyclic
B. ABC costing and overhead allocation
C. positive and periodic
D. periodic and perpetual
Big Games for Big Kids use the periodic system to record inventory. A physical stock take reveals 30 units on
hand at the end of January. What is the cost of sales and value of ending inventory using the FIFO cost-flow
assumption?
A. cost of sales: $14 190; ending inventory: $1290
B. cost of sales: $14 060; ending inventory: $1420
C. cost of sales: $14 060; ending inventory: $1260
D. cost of sales: $24 850; ending inventory: $1420
The company uses a perpetual inventory system. The net realisable value per extra large cardboard box is
$3.15 at the end of the period. What are the costs of sales and the value of ending inventory for Oblong Ltd
assuming the FIFO cost-flow assumption is used?
A. cost of sales: $3460.40; ending inventory: $380.00
B. cost of sales: $3453.90; ending inventory: $386.50
C. cost of sales: $3459.41; ending inventory: $380.99
D. cost of sales: $3453.90 ending inventory: $393.75
35. Rectangle Ltd manufactures cardboard boxes for a variety of purposes. The following information relates
to the production of the extra large packing boxes used by removalists for the period ended 30 June 2012.
The company uses a perpetual inventory system. The net realisable value per extra large cardboard box is
$3.15 at the end of the period. What are the costs of goods sold and the value of ending inventory for Rectangle
Ltd assuming the LIFO cost-flow assumption is used?
A. cost of sales: $3460.40; ending inventory: $380.00
B. cost of sales: $3453.90; ending inventory: $393.75
C. cost of sales: $3459.41; ending inventory: $380.99
D. cost of sales: $3453.90; ending inventory: $386.50
36. Circle Ltd manufactures polystyrene trays for a variety of purposes. The following information relates to
the production of the medium trays used by meat packing companies for the period ended 30 June 2012.
The company uses a perpetual inventory system. The net realisable value per extra large cardboard box is
$0.17 at the end of the period. What are the costs of sales and the value of ending inventory for Rectangle Ltd
assuming the FIFO cost-flow assumption is used?
A. cost of sales: $633.80; ending inventory: $83
B. cost of sales: $654.55; ending inventory: $62.25
C. cost of sales: $657.19; ending inventory: $59.61
D. cost of sales: $633.80; ending inventory: $70.55
37. According to IAS 2 material information relating to which of the following must be disclosed?
A. the carrying amount of closing inventories included in equity accounted profits
B. the carrying amount of inventories classified as non-current assets
C. the aggregate amount of inventory recorded at recoverable amount
D. the carrying amount of inventories revalued upwards as at the end of the period
40. IAS 2 requires, among others, disclosure of which of the following pieces of information?
A. accounting policy adopted for measuring inventories
B. carrying amount of inventories for each classification of inventory appropriate to the entity
C. amount of any write-down during the period
D. all of the given answers
41. Randwick Plc has a year-end of 30 June 2011. During the year the following errors were discovered.
- Merchandise inventory at the factory had been understated by €44 000.
- Goods on consignment from a supplier for €13 000 were included in inventory at the shops.
- Physical inventory for one warehouse had a shortage of €58 000.
What is the net effect of above errors in the statement of comprehensive income and statement of financial
position (inventory) accounts of Randwick Plc?
A.
B.
C.
D.
42. Consistent with positive accounting theory, an entity close to breaching their debt covenant will:
A. prefer LIFO method over FIFO method.
B. prefer FIFO method over LIFO method.
C. prefer weighted average method over FIFO method.
D. prefer moving average method over FIFO method.
43. David Gordon is an accountant for Bronte Plc. At the end of the year he realised that ending inventory was
overstated but the purchases account was recorded correctly. What is the effect of correcting the above error in
the statement of comprehensive income and statement of financial position (inventory) accounts of Bronte Plc?
A.
B.
C.
D.
44. Wiggins Plc is a small sport shop. At the beginning of the period, Wiggins Plc had 30 tennis racquets on
hand costing £50 each. On 31 October 2009, the shop sold 20 racquets to a tennis instructor for £80. A delivery
of 50 racquets was received on 15 November 2009 at £50 but received 2% discount if the account is paid within
30 days. What are the appropriate journal entries to recognise above transactions using the periodic system?
A.
B.
C.
D.
45. Which accounting policy for manufacturing fixed costs is likely to favour managers whose firms are subject
to political scrutiny?
A. direct costing
B. absorption costing
C. LIFO assuming prices are falling
D. FIFO assuming prices are rising
46. Which of the following statements is correct with respect to positive accounting theory?
A. Managers of firms with bonus-based contracts prefer LIFO method of valuation basis, if permitted.
B. Managers of firms with bonus-based contracts prefer FIFO method of valuation basis.
C. Managers prefer the FIFO method of valuation basis.
D. Managers with debt covenants prefer LIFO method, if permitted.
47. The inventory record of Palm Springs Plc shows 1000 surf boards on stock that cost €50 each. During the
last stocktake, the accountant noted 100 old style surf boards with net realisable amount of €15. What journal
entry would be required of Palm Springs to comply with IAS 2?
A.
B.
C.
D.
48. Paris Merchandising Plc sells ladies skirts. The opening inventory consisted of 300 skirts with purchase
price of €50 each. Subsequent purchases during the period include: 400 at €60 each and another 200 for €70
each. A total of 700 skirts were sold during the period. What is ending inventory using FIFO method?
A. €10 000
B. €11 800
C. €12 000
D. €14 000
49. Las Vegas Plc sells second hand luxury cars of various makes and models, and uses the FIFO cost flow
assumption to ascertain the cost of ending inventory. This would be incorrect because:
A. this is not the practice used by other car dealerships.
B. this method will overstate profit.
C. this method will not capture unique characteristics of items held in inventory.
D. this method requires detailed bookkeeping.
50. Phoenix Plc sells hard disks of similar make and model and reports an opening inventory on 1 July 2014 of
20 units purchased at £60. Its purchases during are as follows:
September 90 units @ £70
November 110 units @ £75
March 70 units @ £80
Phoenix Plc sold 260 units during the year.
What is the cost of ending inventory using FIFO and weighted average method respectively (rounded to the
nearest dollar)?
A. £2100; £2209
B. £2100; £2250
C. £2400; £2209
D. £2400; £2250
51. When calculating cost of inventory IAS 2 requires which of the following costs are to be excluded?
A. abnormal amounts of wasted materials
B. selling costs
C. administrative overheads
D. All of the given answers should be excluded.
52. IAS 2 require that inventories be reinstated to the extent that the new carrying amount does not:
A. exceed the net realisable value in the previous period.
B. exceed the lower of the original cost.
C. exceed the net realisable value in the current period.
D. exceed the lower of the original cost or the net realisable value in the current period.
53. Weighted-average cost will generate results that are:
A. higher value that LIFO.
B. higher value than FIFO.
C. in between LIFO and FIFO.
D. higher value that LIFO and FIFO.
54. Under the perpetual system, a difference with the stocktake records might indicate:
A. damaged inventory.
B. theft of inventory.
C. obsolete inventory.
D. all of the given answers.
56. Explain the circumstances where borrowing costs are permitted to be included in the cost of inventories?
57. What are the benefits of using LIFO method in jurisdictions where this inventory cost-flow assumption is
permitted?
58. What are production overheads? Explain the criteria to be used when selecting a method to allocate
production overheads.
59. What is the implication on valuation of work-in-progress inventories when the net realisable value is lower
than the carrying amount of the asset?
60. Discuss the relative merits of using FIFO and LIFO as basis of cost of inventories during periods of rising
prices.
61. Generally, IAS 2 requires inventories to be measured at cost or net realisable value. Discuss circumstances
when other measurement bases (such as current replacement cost) are permitted.
62. Discuss why LIFO cost-flow method is not permitted under IAS 2 when it is supported in the US in periods
of rising prices.
63. Discuss when a standard cost may be used to arrive at the cost of inventory.
c7 Key
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #1
Difficulty: Easy
Section: Introduction
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #2
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
Section: 7.05 Disclosure requirements
3. Upward revaluation of inventory is permitted for as long as all assets in same inventory class are revalued.
FALSE
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #3
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #4
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.01 Definition of inventory
5. The definition of inventories includes assets in the form of materials or supplies to be consumed in the
production process or in rendering of services.
TRUE
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #5
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.01 Definition of inventory
6. IAS 2 requires that fixed manufacturing costs be excluded from the cost of inventories, as they cannot be
allocated accurately.
FALSE
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #6
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
7. Standard costs may be used to arrive at the cost of inventory only where standards are set at ideal levels and
any costs arising from exceptional wastage are excluded from the cost of inventories.
FALSE
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #7
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
8. The value of inventory reported in the financial statements under IAS 2 may be reported at an amount lower
than its original cost.
TRUE
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #8
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
9. The cost-flow assumption selected for inventory costing purposes should always reflect the physical flow of
goods out of inventory.
FALSE
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #9
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
10. The only difference between IAS 2 and company law is that the 'international' standards allow inventory to
be valued using LIFO.
FALSE
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #10
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
11. A company engaged in buying and selling equity securities should consider this asset as inventory and
should be accounted for in accordance with IAS 2.
FALSE
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #11
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #12
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
13. Perpetual inventory system is also known as the physical inventory method.
FALSE
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #13
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
14. When reversing a previous period inventory write down, this would result in a debit entry to the inventory
account.
TRUE
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #14
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.04 Reversal of previous inventory write-downs
15. Which of the following is not a definition in IAS 2 on inventories?
A. Assets in the form of materials or supplies to be consumed in the production process.
B. Assets in the process of production for sale.
C. Raw materials to be used in maintaining machines that prepare goods for sale.
D. Assets held for sale in the ordinary course of business.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #15
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.01 Definition of inventory
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #16
Difficulty: Medium
Section: Introduction
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #17
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
Section: Introduction
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #18
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
19. IAS 2 provides that not-for-profit entities:
A. must value their assets at the lower of cost or net realisable value to allow reports to be compared.
B. should only report inventories at cost for simplicity.
C. should value their assets at either cost or current replacement cost, whichever is more beneficial.
D. will record the inventories at the lower of cost or current replacement cost.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #19
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #20
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
21. Fixed production costs are those that, within normal operating limits:
A. vary in relation to production volume by a fixed amount.
B. remain a constant per unit amount as volume changes.
C. vary in relation to the levels of input but remain constant at varying levels of output.
D. remain a constant amount at varying production volume levels.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #21
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
22. The two main methods for dealing with fixed costs in relation to the production of inventory are:
A. variable costing and incremental costing.
B. absorption costing and direct costing.
C. overhead costing and ABC costing.
D. relevant costing and incremental costing.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #22
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
23. Which of the following statements is correct in relation to the costing of inventories?
A. Direct costing treats fixed production costs as an expense of the period and is not permitted as a method for
valuing inventories under IAS 2.
B. Absorption costing treats fixed production costs as a product cost, allocating them to the goods produced,
and is not permitted as a method for valuing inventories under IAS 2.
C. Absorption costing treats fixed production costs as an expense of the period and is the required method for
valuing inventories under IAS 2.
D. Direct costing treats fixed production costs as a product cost, allocating them to the goods produced, and is
not permitted as a method of valuing inventory under IAS 2.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #23
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
24. Toey Ltd has provided the following information about the total production cost and estimates of realisable
value of three lines of shoes they produce within the same class of inventory
Packaging and freight are necessary in order to be able to sell the shoes. What is the value of the inventory in
accordance with IAS 2?
A. $34 000
B. $40 000
C. $32 000
D. $24 000
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #24
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
25. The following information relates to the total production costs and estimates of realisable value for a line of
water pistols produced by Splash Happy Co Ltd.
Packaging and transport costs are necessarily incurred in order to be able to sell the inventory. What is the
value of the inventory in accordance with IAS 2?
A. $37 000
B. $21 000
C. $39 000
D. $36 000
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #25
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
26. Balmoral Ltd commenced business on 1 July 2013. The company manufactures bookcases. Summary data
for Balmoral's first full year of operations are:
Packaging and delivery are essential to be able to sell the product. What total value should be attributed to
finished goods inventory in the financial statements in accordance with IAS 2?
A. $58 950
B. $63 000
C. $49 500
D. $69 660
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #26
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
27. Video Productions Ltd commenced business manufacturing video tapes on 1 July 2013. Summary data for
the first full year of production are:
Packaging and delivery are essential to be able to sell the product. What total value should be attributed to
finished goods inventory in the financial statements in accordance with IAS 2?
A. $66 400
B. $72 000
C. $46 400
D. $50 000
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #27
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #28
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
29. According to IAS 2, one or more of which set of methods should be used to apply the costs of inventories
to particular items of inventory?
A. specific identification, LIFO or FIFO
B. absorption costing, weighted average costing or LIFO
C. FIFO, specific identification or weighted average cost
D. weighted average costing, ABC costing or FIFO
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #29
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
30. In addition to the cost-flow assumption, the system used to record movements in inventory also affects the
determination of the cost of inventory. What are the systems commonly in use for recording the movement of
inventory?
A. continuous and cyclic
B. ABC costing and overhead allocation
C. positive and periodic
D. periodic and perpetual
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #30
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #31
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
32. Big Games for Big Kids sell a variety of gaming consoles and games. The company has presented you with
the following information for the sales of a new product, Angel's Hat 2, for the three months from November to
January. They began in November with 50 units on hand valued at $1500. In the lead up to Christmas each unit
sold for $90 but in the post-Christmas sales in January this price was reduced to $50.
Big Games for Big Kids use the periodic system to record inventory. A physical stock take reveals 30 units on
hand at the end of January. What is the cost of sales and value of ending inventory using the FIFO cost-flow
assumption?
A. cost of sales: $14 190; ending inventory: $1290
B. cost of sales: $14 060; ending inventory: $1420
C. cost of sales: $14 060; ending inventory: $1260
D. cost of sales: $24 850; ending inventory: $1420
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #32
Difficulty: Hard
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #33
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
34. Oblong Ltd manufactures cardboard boxes for a variety of purposes. The following information relates to
the production of the extra large packing boxes used by removalists for the period ended 30 June 2012.
The company uses a perpetual inventory system. The net realisable value per extra large cardboard box is
$3.15 at the end of the period. What are the costs of sales and the value of ending inventory for Oblong Ltd
assuming the FIFO cost-flow assumption is used?
A. cost of sales: $3460.40; ending inventory: $380.00
B. cost of sales: $3453.90; ending inventory: $386.50
C. cost of sales: $3459.41; ending inventory: $380.99
D. cost of sales: $3453.90 ending inventory: $393.75
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #34
Difficulty: Hard
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
35. Rectangle Ltd manufactures cardboard boxes for a variety of purposes. The following information relates
to the production of the extra large packing boxes used by removalists for the period ended 30 June 2012.
The company uses a perpetual inventory system. The net realisable value per extra large cardboard box is
$3.15 at the end of the period. What are the costs of goods sold and the value of ending inventory for Rectangle
Ltd assuming the LIFO cost-flow assumption is used?
A. cost of sales: $3460.40; ending inventory: $380.00
B. cost of sales: $3453.90; ending inventory: $393.75
C. cost of sales: $3459.41; ending inventory: $380.99
D. cost of sales: $3453.90; ending inventory: $386.50
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #35
Difficulty: Hard
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
36. Circle Ltd manufactures polystyrene trays for a variety of purposes. The following information relates to
the production of the medium trays used by meat packing companies for the period ended 30 June 2012.
The company uses a perpetual inventory system. The net realisable value per extra large cardboard box is
$0.17 at the end of the period. What are the costs of sales and the value of ending inventory for Rectangle Ltd
assuming the FIFO cost-flow assumption is used?
A. cost of sales: $633.80; ending inventory: $83
B. cost of sales: $654.55; ending inventory: $62.25
C. cost of sales: $657.19; ending inventory: $59.61
D. cost of sales: $633.80; ending inventory: $70.55
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #36
Difficulty: Hard
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
37. According to IAS 2 material information relating to which of the following must be disclosed?
A. the carrying amount of closing inventories included in equity accounted profits
B. the carrying amount of inventories classified as non-current assets
C. the aggregate amount of inventory recorded at recoverable amount
D. the carrying amount of inventories revalued upwards as at the end of the period
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #37
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.05 Disclosure requirements
38. The valuation of inventories may be on the basis of:
A. the lower of direct cost and recoverable amount.
B. regular revaluations by classes of inventories undertaken at the end of the period.
C. the weighted average of market value and absorption cost over the period.
D. the lower of cost and net realisable value.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #38
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
39. Kensington Plc, an Irish Company, is an importer and retailer of Danish made glass crystals. For the year
ended 30 June 2012, Kensington Ltd plc holds 30 units of an item originally purchased for €10 000 each and a
net realisable value of €8000. On 1 June 2013 the TV show Home Improvement featured a similar item
prompting an increase in demand for this glass crystal. Management believes that the net realisable value of this
item is now €15 000. All 30 items remain unsold on 30 June 2013. What is the effect of holding this inventory
on the statement of comprehensive income of Kensington Plc for the years ended 30 June 2012 and 2013?
A. No effect on both years because the inventory items are still unsold.
B. Decrease profit by €60 000 in 2012; increase profit by €210 000 in 2013.
C. Decrease profit by €60 000 in 2012; no effect in 2013.
D. Decrease profit by €60 000 in 2012; increase profit by €60 000 in 2013.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #39
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
40. IAS 2 requires, among others, disclosure of which of the following pieces of information?
A. accounting policy adopted for measuring inventories
B. carrying amount of inventories for each classification of inventory appropriate to the entity
C. amount of any write-down during the period
D. all of the given answers
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #40
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.05 Disclosure requirements
41. Randwick Plc has a year-end of 30 June 2011. During the year the following errors were discovered.
- Merchandise inventory at the factory had been understated by €44 000.
- Goods on consignment from a supplier for €13 000 were included in inventory at the shops.
- Physical inventory for one warehouse had a shortage of €58 000.
What is the net effect of above errors in the statement of comprehensive income and statement of financial
position (inventory) accounts of Randwick Plc?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #41
Difficulty: Hard
Section: 7.04 Reversal of previous inventory write-downs
42. Consistent with positive accounting theory, an entity close to breaching their debt covenant will:
A. prefer LIFO method over FIFO method.
B. prefer FIFO method over LIFO method.
C. prefer weighted average method over FIFO method.
D. prefer moving average method over FIFO method.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #42
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
43. David Gordon is an accountant for Bronte Plc. At the end of the year he realised that ending inventory was
overstated but the purchases account was recorded correctly. What is the effect of correcting the above error in
the statement of comprehensive income and statement of financial position (inventory) accounts of Bronte Plc?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #43
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
44. Wiggins Plc is a small sport shop. At the beginning of the period, Wiggins Plc had 30 tennis racquets on
hand costing £50 each. On 31 October 2009, the shop sold 20 racquets to a tennis instructor for £80. A delivery
of 50 racquets was received on 15 November 2009 at £50 but received 2% discount if the account is paid within
30 days. What are the appropriate journal entries to recognise above transactions using the periodic system?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #44
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
45. Which accounting policy for manufacturing fixed costs is likely to favour managers whose firms are subject
to political scrutiny?
A. direct costing
B. absorption costing
C. LIFO assuming prices are falling
D. FIFO assuming prices are rising
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #45
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
46. Which of the following statements is correct with respect to positive accounting theory?
A. Managers of firms with bonus-based contracts prefer LIFO method of valuation basis, if permitted.
B. Managers of firms with bonus-based contracts prefer FIFO method of valuation basis.
C. Managers prefer the FIFO method of valuation basis.
D. Managers with debt covenants prefer LIFO method, if permitted.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #46
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
47. The inventory record of Palm Springs Plc shows 1000 surf boards on stock that cost €50 each. During the
last stocktake, the accountant noted 100 old style surf boards with net realisable amount of €15. What journal
entry would be required of Palm Springs to comply with IAS 2?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #47
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
48. Paris Merchandising Plc sells ladies skirts. The opening inventory consisted of 300 skirts with purchase
price of €50 each. Subsequent purchases during the period include: 400 at €60 each and another 200 for €70
each. A total of 700 skirts were sold during the period. What is ending inventory using FIFO method?
A. €10 000
B. €11 800
C. €12 000
D. €14 000
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #48
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
49. Las Vegas Plc sells second hand luxury cars of various makes and models, and uses the FIFO cost flow
assumption to ascertain the cost of ending inventory. This would be incorrect because:
A. this is not the practice used by other car dealerships.
B. this method will overstate profit.
C. this method will not capture unique characteristics of items held in inventory.
D. this method requires detailed bookkeeping.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #49
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
50. Phoenix Plc sells hard disks of similar make and model and reports an opening inventory on 1 July 2014 of
20 units purchased at £60. Its purchases during are as follows:
September 90 units @ £70
November 110 units @ £75
March 70 units @ £80
Phoenix Plc sold 260 units during the year.
What is the cost of ending inventory using FIFO and weighted average method respectively (rounded to the
nearest dollar)?
A. £2100; £2209
B. £2100; £2250
C. £2400; £2209
D. £2400; £2250
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #50
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
51. When calculating cost of inventory IAS 2 requires which of the following costs are to be excluded?
A. abnormal amounts of wasted materials
B. selling costs
C. administrative overheads
D. All of the given answers should be excluded.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #51
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
52. IAS 2 require that inventories be reinstated to the extent that the new carrying amount does not:
A. exceed the net realisable value in the previous period.
B. exceed the lower of the original cost.
C. exceed the net realisable value in the current period.
D. exceed the lower of the original cost or the net realisable value in the current period.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #52
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #53
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
54. Under the perpetual system, a difference with the stocktake records might indicate:
A. damaged inventory.
B. theft of inventory.
C. obsolete inventory.
D. all of the given answers.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #54
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #55
Difficulty: Easy
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
56. Explain the circumstances where borrowing costs are permitted to be included in the cost of inventories?
Costs associated with borrowing can sometimes be included in the cost of inventory. Such treatment is
governed by IAS 23 Borrowing Costs. IAS 23 does allow interest costs to be included in the cost of inventory,
but only when the inventory is considered to be a ‘qualifying asset'. Specifically, paragraph 11 of IAS 23 states:
‘Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset
shall be capitalised as part of the cost of that asset'.
Paragraph 11 of IAS 23 requires that interest be included in the cost of inventory to the extent that the
inventories are qualifying assets.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #56
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
57. What are the benefits of using LIFO method in jurisdictions where this inventory cost-flow assumption is
permitted?
LIFO may be used in the US for external reporting purposes. If it is used for these purposes—an option
available to the reporting entity in the US—it may also be used for the purposes of calculating the entity's
taxation liability. In a period of rising prices, adopting LIFO effectively results in higher cost of goods sold,
lower profits and, consequently, lower taxes. This is particularly attractive to US firms. Further, the choice of an
inventory cost-flow assumption does not have to reflect the underlying physical flow of inventory. LIFO is
prohibited in countries that adopt the standards produced by the IASB.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #57
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
58. What are production overheads? Explain the criteria to be used when selecting a method to allocate
production overheads.
Paragraph 13 of IAS 2 requires that: The allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of conversion is
based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. Normal capacity is the production expected to be
achieved on average over a number of periods or seasons under normal circumstances, taking into account the
loss of capacity resulting from planned maintenance. The actual level of production may be used if it
approximates normal capacity. The amount of fixed overhead allocated to each unit of production is not
increased as a consequence of low production or idle plant. Unallocated overheads are recognised as an
expense in the period in which they are incurred. In periods of abnormally high production, the amount of fixed
overhead allocated to each unit is decreased so that inventories are not measured above cost. Variable
production overheads are allocated to each unit of production on the basis of the actual use of production
facilities.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #58
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
59. What is the implication on valuation of work-in-progress inventories when the net realisable value is lower
than the carrying amount of the asset?
Lower of cost and net realisable value can provide a very conservative reflection of the value of inventory, with
the result that the amount reported in the entity's financial statements may be a great deal less than its market
value. This treatment, as espoused in IAS 2, is generally consistent with the accountant's somewhat dated
‘Doctrine of Conservatism'. This doctrine holds that gains should not generally be recognised until they are
realised, while losses should be recognised in the period in which they first become foreseeable— that is, losses
do not have to be realised to be recognised for accounting purposes.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #59
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
60. Discuss the relative merits of using FIFO and LIFO as basis of cost of inventories during periods of rising
prices.
In a period of rising prices, LIFO adopters would show lower profits and lower closing inventory than FIFO
adopters. Allowing the adoption of LIFO would potentially open the door to profit manipulation, as acquiring
inventory at year end might alter the period's profit, even if those items acquired are still on hand at year end.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #60
Difficulty: Hard
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
61. Generally, IAS 2 requires inventories to be measured at cost or net realisable value. Discuss circumstances
when other measurement bases (such as current replacement cost) are permitted.
IAS 2 provides that not-for-profit entities may also adopt a different treatment for measuring inventory. In
respect of not-for-profit entities, inventories held for distribution are to be measured at the lower of cost and
current replacement cost.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #61
Difficulty: Hard
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
62. Discuss why LIFO cost-flow method is not permitted under IAS 2 when it is supported in the US in periods
of rising prices.
The last-in, first-out (LIFO) cost-flow method of inventory valuation is not acceptable under IAS 2. Under the
LIFO cost-flow method, the most recent items purchased or manufactured are assumed to be the first goods
sold. Therefore, ending inventory is assumed to be composed of the oldest goods. This could result in inventory
being valued at costs that were paid or incurred some years before. The cost of sales contains relatively current
costs, thus achieving a potentially better matching of current costs to revenues. In a period of rising prices,
LIFO adopters would show lower profits and lower closing inventory than FIFO adopters. Allowing the
adoption of LIFO would potentially open the door to profit manipulation, as acquiring inventory at year end
might alter the period's profit, even if those items acquired are still on hand at year end.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #62
Difficulty: Hard
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions
63. Discuss when a standard cost may be used to arrive at the cost of inventory.
Standard costs may be used to arrive at the cost of inventory only where the standards are realistically
attainable, reviewed regularly and, where necessary, revised in the light of current conditions. Standard costs
are predetermined product costs established on the basis of, among other things, planned products and/or
operations, planned cost and efficiency levels and expected capacity utilisation. Under a standard-cost
accounting system, inventories are costed at a standard cost and the computation of cost variances becomes part
of the accounting cycle. If standards have been properly set and maintained, they are a sound basis for the
purpose of inventory valuation and all variances from standard can be charged or credited to profit or loss in the
period in which they arise. Costs arising from exceptional wastage should be excluded from the cost of
inventories.
Chapter 07 Inventory
Deegan - Chapter 7 #63
Difficulty: Medium
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement
c7 Summary
Category # of Questions
Chapter 07 Inventory 63
Deegan - Chapter 7 63
Difficulty: Easy 30
Difficulty: Hard 8
Difficulty: Medium 25
Section: 7.01 Definition of inventory 3
Section: 7.02 The general basis of inventory measurement 32
Section: 7.03 Inventory cost-flow assumptions 22
Section: 7.04 Reversal of previous inventory write-downs 2
Section: 7.05 Disclosure requirements 3
Section: Introduction 3
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could not be done. It might have been received, wrote Carleton in a
dignified and reasoned reply, at the beginning of November,[115] and
coming to hand then could only have caused embarrassment. As a
matter of fact, the ship which carried Germain’s letter, was driven
back three times, and Carleton only received a duplicate in May,
1777, under cover of a second letter from Germain which was dated
the 26th of March in that year. This second letter Carleton censured
attributed the disaster to the Hessians at Trenton, and superseded in
command of the
which had happened in the meantime, in part to the army on the side of
fact that by retreating from before Ticonderoga in the Canada.
preceding autumn Carleton had relaxed the pressure on the
American army in front of him, which had thereby been enabled to
reinforce Washington; and it announced that two expeditions were in
the coming campaign to be sent from Canada, one under Colonel St.
Leger, the other under Burgoyne, while Carleton himself was to
remain behind in Canada and devote his energies to the defence of
the province, and to furnishing supplies and equipment for the two
expeditions in question. It will be remembered that Burgoyne had in
the meantime returned to England, reaching Portsmouth about the
9th of December, 1776, and had brought with him Carleton’s plans
for the operations of 1777, which were therefore well known to
Germain when he wrote in March.
It is difficult to imagine how a responsible minister could have
been at once so ignorant and so unfair as Germain showed himself
to be in this communication. To suppose that the movement or want
of movement on Lake Champlain could have had any real connexion
with the cutting off of a detachment on the Delaware river, which was
within easy reach of the rest of Howe’s forces, overpowering in
numbers as compared with Washington’s, was at best wilful
blindness to facts. To supersede Carleton in the supreme command
of the troops on the Canadian side was an act of unwisdom and
injustice. It is true that, already in the previous August, while
Carleton was still on the full tide of success, it had been determined
to confine his authority to Canada, and apparently, in order that his
commission might not clash with that of Howe, to place under a
subordinate officer the troops which were intended to effect a
junction with Howe’s army. But in any case it is not Personal relations
easy to resist the conclusion that Germain had some of Germain and
Carleton.
personal grudge against the governor.[116] From a
letter written by the King to Lord North in February, 1777, it would
seem that, had Germain been given his way, Carleton would have
been recalled, and, writing to Germain on the 22nd of May, Carleton
did not hesitate to refer to the reports which were set abroad when
Germain took office, to the effect that he intended to remove
Carleton from his appointment, and in the meantime to undermine
his authority. In his answer, dated the 25th of July, 1777, Germain
gave the lie to these allegations, assuring Carleton that ‘whatever
reports you may have heard of my having any personal dislike to you
are without the least foundation. I have at no time received any
disobligation from you’; he stated categorically that the action which
had been taken for giving Burgoyne an independent command was
by ‘the King’s particular directions’, and he added that the hope that
Carleton would in his advance in the previous autumn penetrate as
far as Albany was based upon the opinions of officers who had
served in the country, and was confirmed by intelligence since
received to the effect that the Americans had intended to abandon
Ticonderoga, if Carleton had attacked it.[117] But, whatever may have
been the facts as to the personal relations of Carleton and Germain,
it seems clear that the small-minded minister in England was bent on
ridding himself of the best man who served England in America.[118]
As Germain superseded Carleton in his military The case of Chief
command, so he set aside his advice, and over-rode Justice Livius.
his appointments in civil matters. Reference has already been made
to the evil effects produced by appointing unfit men to legal and
judicial offices in Canada. The climax was reached when Germain in
August, 1776, appointed to the Chief Justiceship of Canada a man
named Livius, whose case attained considerable notoriety in the
annals of the time. Peter Livius seems to have been a foreigner by
extraction. Before the war broke out, he had been a judge in New
Hampshire; and, his appointment having been abolished, he came
back to England with a grievance against the governor and council,
with whom he had been on bad terms while still holding his
judgeship. A provision in the Quebec Act had annulled all the
commissions given to the judges and other officers in Canada under
the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which that Act superseded: and the
English ministry seems to have taken advantage of this provision to
displace men who had done their work well, and whose services
Carleton desired to retain, substituting for them unfit nominees from
England.
One of the men thus substituted was Livius, for whom they saw an
opportunity of providing in Canada. Lord Dartmouth wrote to
Carleton in May, 1775, notifying the appointment of Livius as a judge
of Common Pleas for the district of Montreal; and in August of the
following year he was promoted by Germain to be Chief Justice of
Canada. Livius succeeded Chief Justice Hey, who had held the
office since 1766, and had in August, 1775, requested to be allowed
to retire after ‘ten years honest, however imperfect, endeavours to
serve the Crown in an unpleasant and something critical situation’.
[119] Hey was a man of high standing and character, and had been
much consulted by the Government in passing the Quebec Act.
Livius was a man of a wholly different class. Carleton’s Carleton’s
unflattering description of him in a letter written on the description
Livius.
of