PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

where: F N = 1.31 hd (Equation 7-3)

1.85
For SI: 1 inch of head = 25.4 mm of head.
= 4.71L C ( J Pipe in the system shall be increased in size if the friction
loss is excessive.

q ==11.79d 2 703.6 Force main. Size of the force main between the pump
and manifold shall be based on the friction loss and velocity of
effluent through the pipe. The velocity of effluent in a force
The Hazen-Williams friction factor, Ch , for each pipe material main shall be not more than 5 feet per second (1524 mm/sec).
shall be determined in accordance with Table 703.3.
TABLE 703.3
HAZEN-WILLIAMS FRICTION FACTOR SECTION 704
MATERIAL FRICTION FACTOR, Ch BED AND TRENCH CONSTRUCTION
ABS plastic pipe 150 704.1 General. The excavation and construction for pressure
distribution system trenches and beds shall be in accordance
Asbestos-cement pipe 140 with Chapter 6. Aggregate shall be not less than 6 inches (152
Bituminized fiber pipe 120 mm) beneath the distribution pipe with 2 inches (51 mm)
Cast-iron pipe 100 spread evenly above the pipe. The aggregate shall be clean,
nondeteriorating 0.5-inch to 2.5-inch (12.7 mm to 64 mm)
Concrete pipe 110 stone.
Copper or copper-alloy tubing 150
PVC plastic pipe 150
SECTION 705
Vitrified clay pipe 100 PUMPS
703.4 Manifolds. The diameter of the manifold pipe shall be 705.1 General. Pump selection shall be based on the discharge
determined by the following equation: rate and total dynamic head of the pump performance curve.
The total dynamic head shall be equal to the difference in feet
of elevation between the pump and distribution pipe invert plus
Dm (Equation 7-1)
the friction loss and a minimum of 2.5 feet (762 mm) where
using low pressure distribution in the delivery pipe and net-
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm. work pipe.
where: 705.2 Pump and alarm controls. The control system for the
pumping chamber shall consist of a control for operating the
= 9.8 X 10-4 Qj
pump and an alarm system to detect a pump. Pump start and
q = stop depth controls shall be adjustable. Pump and alarm con-
trols shall be of an approved type. Switches shall be resistant to
Qj = Nq sewage corrosion.
The fraction of the total head loss at the manifold segment, f,
705.3 Alarm system. Alarm systems shall consist of a bell or
shall be less than or equal to 0.1. The in-line pressure at the dis-
light, mounted in the structure, and shall be located to be easily
tal end of the lateral, hd , shall be a minimum of 2.5 feet (762
seen or heard. The high-water sensing device shall be installed
mm) of head. Distribution pipes shall be connected to the mani-
approximately 2 inches (51 mm) above the depth set for the
fold with tees or gO-degree (1.57 rad) ells. Distribution pipes
"on" pump control but below the bottom of the inlet to the
shall have the ends capped.
pumping chamber. Alarm systems shall be installed on a sepa-
703.5 Friction loss. The delivery pipe shall include all pipe rate circuit from the electrical service.
between the pump and the supply end of the distribution pipe. 705.4 Electrical connections. Electrical connections shall be
The friction loss in the delivery pipe, FD , shall be determined by located outside the pumping chamber.
the following equation:
1.85
==L 3.55Qm (Equation 7-2) SECTION 706
C D 2.63
D D
h d J DOSING
For SI: 1 inch of head = 25.4 mm of head. 706.1 General. The dosing frequency shall be a maximum of
four times daily. A volume per dose shall be established by
The Hazen-Williams friction factor, Ch , for each pipe mate-
dividing the daily wastewater flow by the dosing frequency.
rial shall be determined in accordance with Table 703.3.
The dosing volume shall be a minimum of 10 times the capac-
The friction loss in the network pipe shall be determined by ity of the distribution pipe volume. Table 706.1 provides the
the following equation: estimated volume for various pipe diameters.

28 2009 INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL CODE®