CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS

LECTURE NOTE 1: Materials and Techniques Used in Contemporary Arts Weeks 1 & 2 (4th Quarter)

I. LEARNING OUTCOMES
Traditional Techniques Used in Philippine Arts
At the end of this module, the learners are expected to:
1. researches on techniques and performance practices applied to contemporary 1. Wood Carving – a technique encompassing any form of working wood with a
arts (MELCS); tool into some sort of aesthetic object.
2. discusses local materials used in creating art (MELCS);
3. critiques available materials and appropriate techniques (MELCS); 2. Molding – a technique of shaping liquid or pliable material such as clay.
4. explicates the use of materials and the application of techniques (MELCS); Traditional pottery making in the Philippines involves the method of molding.
5. conceptualizes contemporary art based on techniques and performance Pottery making in the Philippines is one of the longest traditions in Philippine art.
practices in their locality (MELCS);
6. applies artistic skills and techniques in the process of creation (MELCS); 3. Fabric Weaving - Weaving is a method of textile production in which two
7. incorporates contemporary characteristics to one’s creation with attention to distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or
cloth.
detail (MELCS);
8. creates the intended final product using appropriate materials for the best
Textile hand-weaving is one of the most attractive and interesting traditional crafts of
possible output (MELCS).
the Philippines, imbued with romanticism and laden with cultural significance

The Ilocano still practice hand-weaving using the pedal loom. Their materials are
II. CONTENT
cotton and natural dyes, although now they use store-bought threads and synthetic dyes.
They know several weaving techniques and designs, passed down to many generations.
Traditional Technique used in Philippine Contemporary Art

Textiles in Mindanao are predominantly handwoven from abaca (musa textilis).

What is Technique?
Among the Moslems of Mindanao, the Magindanaon, Maranaw and Yakan continue the
tradition of cotton and silk weaving.
Technique is the manner in which artist use and manipulate materials to achieve
the desired formal effect, and communicate the desired concept or meaning, according to
4. Basketry Technique - There are four different types of basketry methods: coiling,
his or her personal style (modern, Neoclassic, etc.)
plaiting, wickering, and twining. Some of the terms that are specific to basket
weaving include loops, twining, ribs, and spokes. The common raw materials used
The distinctive character or nature of the medium determines the technique. For
in making baskets are rattan, abaca, nito, tikog, buri, bamboo, pandan, coconut
example, stone is chiselled, wood is carved; clay is modelled and shaped, metal is cast, and
leaves and sticks, palm leaves, and beeswax. There are several baskets that use
thread is woven.
combined raw materials.
There are some places in the Philippines that became famous because of the
Contemporary Materials and Techniques Used in Art
unusual or extraordinary products that they make. These products become their way for
the people to know about their places. These people used traditional technique in creating
Contemporary art is often looked at with a skeptical eye. The truth about
a particular art that makes them famous.
contemporary artis that it uses techniques that most people aren’t quite used to, causing
that skepticism to come into play. However, these techniques are actually quite difficult,
Traditional techniques used by the Filipinos even from the past years are
and all deserve our credit. It is an incredible feat to create a piece of contemporary art,
depicted in our painting, sculpture, dance, architecture, music, and even textile. It only
especially using these techniques. They challenge the mind and offer unique perspectives
proves that Filipinos like any other people in the world can be very proud of our Philippine
in a way that art has never been able to do before. For that reason, they’re some of the
arts
most valuable techniques that a person can experience through artwork.

As an artist, the contemporary art techniques and performance practices are just breaking
the conservative's rules.
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 CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS
LECTURE NOTE 1: Materials and Techniques Used in Contemporary Arts
"Contemporary art is the art of today", that could be the best definition. This kind of art
produced by artists who are living in 21st century.
Here are three techniques that are among the most relevant in contemporary art today
1. MINIMALISM
One of the artistic movements that has been most relevant throughout the
contemporary art movement is minimalism. Minimalism seeks to take away what is
unnecessary and leaving only what is essential.
Arturo Luz is a Filipino modern artist best known for his minimalist, geometric,
and abstract styles of art and his animated paintings of circus performers and musicians as
well as his revered cityscape series
2. FOUND OBJECTS
Taking something that people view as useless, and then using it in a unique way
to make artwork is one of the most important movements that currently exist in
contemporary. The idea is that things that we often view as junk are more valuable than
we think that they are. Everything you find can be used to tell a story, or to create new
diverse perspectives that we are looking for when we attend an art exhibition.
The technique of putting different objects together to create three-dimensional
art is called Assemblage. It is similar to collage, a two-dimensional medium.
3. LARGE-SCALE ART
Walter De Maria created an art piece in 1977 that included a four hundred steel
poles over one mile by one kilometer. That is incredible. Creating something huge to
express diverse perspectives in artwork is incredibly popular, even today. Over the past
forty years, largescale art, and art that includes the environment has come into its own as
one of the most important movements within contemporary art. That is why you often see
modern art pieces alongside buildings, or as huge structures out in the open.
Local Materials in the Philippines
1. Abaca belongs to Banana family. Its fiber has a natural luster with colors ranging
from pure white to ivory and dark brown.
Products: slippers, ropes, twine, hammock, frame, display jar, jars, Chelsea chair
2. Bakbak is the outermost covering or leaf sheath of the abaca stalk. It is a flat
thick durable sheath as twine or braided. The strong brown fiber used to make
furniture.
Products: mat, bangkuay bin, boxes, bin, display, jar, Cecilia dining table, and arm
chair
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3. Bamboo is used a raw material in creating many products. It is used in
construction, textile, musical instruments, weapons, and many more.
Products: kubing, bungkaka, tongatong, angklung, pateteg, gabbang,
4. Buntal is a cylindrically shaped fiber. The supple ivory white strands are quite
durable, pliable, and have good dyeing qualities.
Products: bags, shoes, desk accessories like pen holder, picture frames, file trays,
wallets, place mats, braide, lampshades, window blinds
5. Buri is extracted from the matured leaves of the buri palm. The fiber is durable
and resistant to moisture.
Products: hats, bags, baskets, memorabilia boxes, perfume tray, & other woven
products
6. Coir is the fibrous material surrounding the fruit of the coconut tree.
Products: indoor or outdoor fiber carpets, wall covering, doormat, trellises, and
geo textiles
7. Nito is a plant belonging to the fern family that grows abundantly in the
hinterlands of Mindanao.
Products: bags, bread tray, lampshade and decorative jar
8. Pandan is a tropical plant. It is processed and transformed into splints that are
being used as raw material.
Products: baskets, hats, picture frames and bags
9. Raffia is a fiber extracted from unopened buri leaf in 3 stages. It is loom woven
into fabrics or used as wall coverings, upholstery material, folding doors and
window hangings.
Products: baskets, picture frames, furniture and other novelty items, Zoya lounge
chair, Valencia queen size bed, Rest divan
10. Rattan belongs to the palm family. There are different types of rattan palms, such
as high or low climbers, single stemmed or clustered rattan species.
11. Tikiw is a large, erect, and aquatic or marshy herb plant. It is found in central
Luzon to Mindanao. It abounds in fresh water swaps, and in newly opened rice
land at low altitudes.
Products: baskets, hampers aquatic or marshy herb plant. It is with lids, bags,
rugs, carpets, placemats, jar, and other decorative items
12. Tikog belongs to sea grasses. It bags, decorative is a native reed plant used as a
raw material for mat weaving.
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LECTURE NOTE 1: Materials and Techniques Used in Contemporary Arts
Products: mats, hampers, newspaper racks, table mat, waste bin, tower candle
holder, wall décor.
13. Capiz shells- are translucent to allow light to pass through, but still allow privacy.
The capiz comes from the windowpane oyster (placuna placenta) found in the
coastal waters of the Philippines and are known for their beautiful mother of
pearl look.
14. Sea Shells - hard exoskeleton of marine mollusks such as snails, bivalves, and
chitons that serves to protect and support their bodies. This material is usually
used in making ornaments and house decorations.
15. Blocks- out of rice hulls/ saw dust.
16. Scrap/Cut tiles– made into decorative walls etc.
17. Scrap wood - made into wall decors, etc.
18. House cleaning materials (scrubs, rag, strainer) – made into furniture designs.
19. Beads
20. Paper, corrugated boxes
21. Metal, tie wires, tin cans
22. Empty & recyclable styro and plastic cups/bottles
23. Cement, different types of clay or plaster of Paris
24. Pieces of Cut cloth
Aside from the above-mentioned materials, there is still a wide array of materials
which can be used out of creativity and functionality. From sea shells to human skull shells,
from leaves and flowers to insect and insect parts, from glass to cotton, and from
watercolor, coffee and soil painting to dirty water painting. Way too many choices, you
just have to explore your locality for potential materials and innovate a unique and
contemporary artwork that you desire to make.
Contemporary Art Production
ART PRODUCTION: PAINTING AND SCULPTURE
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. The
common materials used in sculpture are terracotta clay, bronze, metals, wood, stone, resin,
or recycled materials. The sculpting process can either be subtractive (where the material
is removed or carved out until the desired form is visible) or additive.
1. Modelling is an additive sculpting process. Clay and wax are the most common
modeling materials, and the artist’s hands are the main tools, though metal and wood
implements are often employed in shaping. Unlike carving, corrections are possible
during modeling, and the result—fired clay or preserved wax—is not as permanent as
a stone or wood carving.
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2. Carving is a method of making a sculpture using a solid block of material, like wood
or stone. The artist removes areas to create the desired shape, cutting away the
excess material from the solid mass. Carvers use tools like chisels, which have straight
cutting blades, and gouges, which have convex cutting blades. Carving is considered a
subtractive process because the excess material is removed in the process of creating
a finished work.
3. Assembling or Assemblage is a form of sculpture comprised of "found" objects
arranged in such a way that they create a piece. These objects can be anything
organic or man-made.
Techniques in Painting:
1. Wet-on-wet, or alla prima (Italian, meaning at first attempt), direct painting or au
premier coup, is a painting technique in which layers of wet paint are applied to
previously administered layers of wet paint. Used mostly in oil painting, the technique
requires a fast way of working, because the work has to be finished before the first
layers have dried.
2. Grisaille and Glazing. Although the definition of a grisaille is a fully realized (detailed)
under painting done in grays, the term is often applied to under paintings in raw
umber and other neutral tones as well. Grisaille is a technique of monochrome painting
in two or three shades of gray. More specifically, it is the method of painting in full
modeling in black and white or other simple contrasting tones, and applying
transparent color over this in thin layers or glazes.
Techniques in Mixed Media
Mixed media is a term used to describe artworks composed from a combination of
different media or materials. A work on canvas that combines paint, ink, and collage could
properly be called a "mixed media" work.
New media art is a 21st Century catchall term used to define all that is related to the
internet and the interplay technology, images and sound.
Improvisation
Improvisation in theater is the playing of dramatic scenes without written
dialogue & with minimal or no predetermined dramatic activity.
An important goal of improvisation is to enable individual to develop spontaneity
which is the necessary in creating the illusion of reality. The improvisation teacher must
expose students to the theatrical environment through various games rather than lectures.
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LECTURE NOTE 1: Materials and Techniques Used in Contemporary Arts
Creative Drama
•It is an improvisational, non-exhibitional, process centered form of drama in which
participants are guided by a leader to imagine, enact, and reflect upon human
experiences.
This process allows students to actively explore a subject or question through imaginative
play that is facilitated by a leader and may involve a variety of improvisational activities.
• These activities are not scripted or memorized, and they allow students to synthesize
various educational concepts into a meaningful form.
Skills Enhancement
Skill Enhancement refers to strengthening of acquired artistic skills as these are
applied in the production of artworks or integrated in other fields of specialization.
Example: Musical Play Production
1. Language and Literature-This skills are being enhance through communicative ways
such as drama, creative writing and many more.
2. Painting, Sculptures and Architecture-This skills are being enhance through creation
of creative ideas into a reality.
3. Music -These skills are being enhance through vocal and instrument practices.
4. Dance -These skills are being enhance through intensive practice of body movements
and routines.
5. Drama -These skills are being enhance through the help of media expert.
Integrated Art Production
Integrated art production is a concept where in it entails the service of many
artist or of one individual possessing various artistic skills collaborating with others.
EXAMPLE: The creation of an artwork is either a simple or complex process. The more skills
involved, the more complex the process. Example is the Electric Lantern Making in
Pampanga.
Production Planning
A help for decision making!
To help you decide what artwork to create out of the resources available in your locality,
you may evaluate each material with the following factors:
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Availability – is the material available and not scarce? Is it available anytime of the year?
Is it available at the nearest possible source?
Cost – Costs of production refer to all the expenses incurred in the process of creating and
delivering a product or service. These expenses can include raw materials, labour,
equipment, rent, and marketing costs. In simple terms, it is the sum of all expenses
necessary to produce and sell a product or service.
Process needs – Does it involve a process with available tools/ equipment? Do I have the
skills to create this material and transform it into an artwork?
Durability – is the materials durable and can withstand weather changes? Can it support
its function? Will it last for years if not for lifetime?
Resourcefulness & Creativity– Is the material sourced out from scrap? Is it a less
consumed/ less used material? Does your community regard it as unimportant or waste?
Do you think it is a “first time” product? Can you make this into a creative contemporary
artwork? Will it “wow” the viewers/ users?
Number of possible use – will this material be used for only one function/artwork? Does
it have any other purpose? Can you make this material into a variety of artwork or
function?
It is a planning on the ways and means of production to have direction in the
activities to be undertaken by the producer. It is the prerequisite of production control.
EXAMPLE: Class Production there are the Actors, production stuff, costume,
props, sound, and many more.
Other Factors That May Affect the Production Process of Art
 The natural and constructive environment of a person or subject.
 Social status.
 Culture and heritage.
 Size of the art.
 Technique used.
 Target market.
 Quality of the art.
 Financial status, cost and expenses, or available resources.
Objective of Production Planning
1. Effective utilization of resources
Human and the non- human resources are utilized to the fullest because they are
determined beforehand.
2. Ensure steady a flow of production
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LECTURE NOTE 1: Materials and Techniques Used in Contemporary Arts Weeks 1 & 2 (4th Quarter)

A smooth flow of production Is ensured by the availability of resources for they

are needed. 12. Reduced the production costs
Production planning involves budgeting. As such, the cost of production is
reduced to a minimum because the production operates on a limited budget.

3. Estimate the resources Integrated arts practice refers to inter-disciplinary art, art research, development,
The quantity and quality of the resources are estimated; as a result, their cost is production, presentation, or artistic creation of work that fully uses two or more art
determined and wastage is avoided. disciplines to create a work for a specific audience.

4. Ensures optimum inventory Contemporary Arts Production

The estimation of the quantity of resources helps keep the inventory for Refers to strengthening of acquired artistic skills as these are applied in the
production purposes at a desired level. production of artworks or integrated in other fields of specialization.
Example: Musical Play Production
5. Coordinates activities of department  This skill is being enhance through communicative ways such as drama,
The scheduling done during the production planning is responsible for the creative writing and many more.
coordination of the department in the activities involved.  This skill is being enhance through creation of creative ideas into a
reality.
6. Minimizes wastages of raw materials  This skill is being enhance through vocal and instrument practices.
Wastage of raw materials will be reduced to a minimum, if not zero, because only  This skill is being enhance through intensive practice of body
those raw materials needed production are purchased or acquired. movements and routines.
 This skill is being enhance through the help of media expert.
7. Improves labor productivity
The laborers become productive if the raw materials needed in their work are  It is a concept where in it entails the service of many artist or of one individual
available when needed; if there is a shortage of materials, they have to wait and possessing various artistic skills collaborating with others.
are therefore left idle.
EXAMPLE: The creation of an artwork is either a simple or complex process. The
8. Helps to capture the market more skills involved, the more complex the process. Example is the Electric
When materials are available all the time for production, finished goods are Lantern Making in Pampanga. The skills that were used to create that lantern
completed on time and delivered or supplied promptly to the target market and were DESIGNING, PAINTING, SCULPTING, ELECTRICAL SKILLS, AND
costumers. PYROTECHNICIANS. With this kind of skills, they were able to create and
Electrical Lantern.
9. Provides a better work environment
Production planning involves the planning of the work area such that the physical  It is a planning on the ways and means of production to have direction in the
movements of the materials are properly sequenced to avoid back-tracking. It activities to be undertaken by the producer. It is the prerequisite of production
also involves the setting up of a safe and comfortable work environment for the control.
laborers.
PARTS OF FILM PRODUCTION
10. Facilities quality improvement
Because all activities are properly coordinated among departments the possibility 1. PRODUCER
of improving the quality of the finished goods is present. This person is essentially the group leader and is responsible for managing
the production from start to finish. The producer develops the project from
11. Results in consumers satisfaction the initial idea, makes sure the script is finalized, arranges the financing and
When the finished goods produced are of good quality and these goods are manages the production team that makes the film.
made available anytime to consumers, costumers’ satisfaction is guaranteed.
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LECTURE NOTE 1: Materials and Techniques Used in Contemporary Arts
2. DIRECTOR
The director is primarily responsible for overseeing the shooting and
assembly of a film. While the director might be compared to a novel's author
as a film's primary visionary, he or she would not be able to make the film
without the help of numerous other artists and technicians.
3. SCREEN WRITER
While the dialogue in a film may seem natural to the viewer, a writer carefully
crafts it; however, the screenwriter does far more than provide dialogue for
the actors. He or she also shapes the sequence of events in a film to ensure
that one scene transitions to the next so that the story will unfold logically
and in an interesting way.
4. ART DIRECTOR
The art director is responsible for the film's settings: the buildings, landscapes
and interiors that provide the physical context for the characters. This person
is responsible for acquiring props, decorating sets and making the setting
believable
5. COSTUME DESIGNER
Costumes convey a great deal about the film's time period and the characters
who wear them, including their economic status, occupation and attitude
toward themselves. Be sure to think about how costuming can show
something about the character visually.
6. EDITORS
Shortly after shooting begins, the editor begins to organize the footage and
arranges individual shots into one continuous sequence. Even in a single
scene, dozens of different shots have to be chosen and assembled from
hundreds of feet of film. The editor's choices about which shots to use, and
the order in which to place them, have a profound effect on the appearance
of the final film.
7. ACTORS
Responsible for portraying the characters in a film, actors work closely with the
director and cinematographer. Considering an actor's role within this larger
context also suggests that his or her job is much more difficult than just
appearing on the set and reciting lines.
STAGES IN PRODUCTION
1. DEVELOPMENT
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The start of a project varies, but generally will begin with development of a
script, be that an existing script, a book, a brief story outline. Development
may also start with a Director and/or Writer pitching an idea to a Producer.
2. PRE-PRODUCTION
This is the phase where you would narrow down the options of the
production. It is where all the planning takes place before the camera rolls
and sets the overall vision of the project. Pre-production also includes
working out the shoot location and casting. The Producer will now hire a Line
Manager or Production Manager to create the schedule and budget for the
film.
3. PRODUCTION
During this phase it is key to keep planning ahead of the daily shoot. The
primary aim is to stick to the budget and schedule, this requires constant
vigilance. Communication is key between location, set, office, production
company, distributors - in short, all parties involved.
4. PRINCIPLE PHOTOGRAPHY
This is when the camera rolls. It is nearly always the most expensive phase of
film production, due to actor, director, and set crew salaries, as well as the
costs of certain shots, props, and on-set special effects. Everything that has
happened up to this point is to make principal photography go as smoothly
and efficiently as possible. Communication between all parties is crucial
during the shoot and the production must maintain a full set of records and
strive to remain on time and on budget.
5. WRAP
The period immediately after shooting ends. It is when we strike (dismantle)
the set and clear the location. Everything must be returned in good order to
suppliers and there must be a full set of records of the shoot.
6. POST PRODUCTION
This stage starts when principal photography ends, but they may overlap. The
bulk of post-production consists of reviewing the footage and assembling the
movie - editing. There will be contributions as required from Visual Effects
(VFX), Music and Sound Design. The picture will now be locked and delivery
elements will be created.
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LECTURE NOTE 1: Materials and Techniques Used in Contemporary Arts Weeks 1 & 2 (4th Quarter)

7. DISTRIBUTION  Technology has revolutionized the way the contemporary artists produce art.

Once the film is completed, it must be distributed. This is how producers

make their money back and a considerable amount of time and energy will be
invested to secure the right distribution deals for their projects. The film will
go into the cinema and/or be distributed via various platforms such as
Amazon Prime, Netflix, and HBO, etc.
CONTEMPORARY ART PRACTICES AND PRODUCTION METHODS OF ARTS PRODUCTION AND PRESENTATION

CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTEMPORARY PRACTICES

DIFFERENT METHODS USED BY THE ARTISTS IN THE PRODUCTION AND
PRESENTATION OF AN ARTS
1. CHANGES TO ACCEPTED TRADITION AND ACCEPTED TASTE
 Contemporary art tries to challenge age-old practices that hinder personal
growth and development. 1. Realism
 Contemporary artists are not afraid to create art that goes against beliefs and 2. Abstraction
public taste. 3. Symbolism
4. Fauvism
2. UNDERSTANDING OF A MULTIPLICITY OF VIEWPOINTS 5. Dadaism
 Contemporary artists are conscious of the diverse, multicultural nature of 6. Futurism
today’s global society. 7. Surrealism
 The artworks that they create are not anymore ignorant of the complexities of 8. Expressionism
history, politics, and economics.
 Artists are becoming more exposed to the interconnectedness of people and 1. REALISM
realities, and these become part of their work.
 Attempts to portray the subject as it is
 Realists try to be as objective as possible
3. ISSUES AND IDEAS ABOUT THE ROLE OF OBJECTS IN SPACE AND
 Main function is to describe as accurately and honestly as possible what
RELATONSHIPS BETWEEN OBJECTS
 Contemporary art works with existing objects or structures to maintain is observed through the senses
balance and harmony.  However, in the process of selecting and presenting his material, he
cannot help being influenced by what he feels or thinks
 Space has become an integral part of the contemporary artist’s practice.  An artwork is realistic when the presentation and organization of details
 Public Spaces are now considered by contemporary artists in the display and in the work seem so natural
installation of their artworks.  Realism is a common way of presenting the art subject
 Ex. Amorsolo‘s paintings
4. USE OF EVERYDAY MATERIALS
 Contemporary art transforms simple objects and brings them to life. 2. ABSTRACTION
 Everyday objects such as furniture, car parts, electronics, and kitchen
 Is used when the artist becomes so interested in one phase of a scene or
appliances are being transformed by contemporary artist into beautiful works
a situation that he does not show the subject at all as an objective
 Recycle Art has become a trend for contemporary artist.
reality, but only his idea, or his feeling about it
Sculpture of a hen A UK artist Kyle bean used eggshells to create this sculpture.  Means ―to move away or separate‖
5. EMPLOYMENT OF CONTEMPORARY TECHNOLOGY  Abstract art moves away from showing things as they really are
 Contemporary art makes use of available technology in the process of  The painter or artist paints the picture not as it really looked
creating an artwork.  The picture is not just like life
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 Not ―realistic
 Distortion – manifested when the subject is in misshapen condition, or
the regulars shape is twisted out
 Elongation – refers to that which is being lengthened, protraction or an
extension
 Mangling – objects that are cut, lacerated, mutilated or hacked with
repeated blows
 Cubism – stresses abstract form through the use of a cone, cylinder, or
sphere at the expense of other pictorial elements. Ex. Cezanne, George
Braque of France and Pablo Picasso o Spain
 Abstract expression – a style of abstract painting that originated in
New York City after WWII and gained an international vogue.
 Strong color, heavy impasto, uneven brush strokes, and rough textures
 Abstract expressionism departs completely from subject matter, from
studied precision and from any other kind of preconceived design
3. SYMBOLISM
 Transcends the everyday run-of-the-mill sign and assumes a new and
fresh meaning, originating from a highly personal and even unique
association born in the mid of the poet or painter
 Ex. Juan Luna ―Spolarium (referred to the spoils of war, spoils of
tyrants and the king)
4. FAUVISM
 First important art movement of the 1900‘s
 Henry Matisse led the movement
 Andre Derain, Raoul dufy, George Rouault (France)
 Artists tried to paint pictures of comfort, joy and pleasure
 Uses extremely bright colors
 Fauvism was a brief art movement made up of several young Parisian
painters at the beginning of the 20th century.
 Primarily a transitional movement, Fauvism came about as the art world
shifted from the Post-Impressionism of Van Gogh, Cezanne, and
Gauguin to the Cubism of Braque and Picasso.
 Led by Henri Matisse, this group of painters often used vivid colors—
without much mixing or blending—to create flat shapes in their
paintings while still being representational.
5. DADAISM
 Dada (hobby horse) nonsensical
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 Essentially (and probably deliberately) a nonsense word, Dada means
Yes-Yes in Russian, and There-There in German (universal baby-talk);
while in French it means hobbyhorse.
 The idea is more important than the work of art itself
 Art can be made of anything
 The first major anti-art movement, Dada was a revolt against the culture
and values which - it was believed - had caused and supported the
carnage of The First World War (1914-18).
6. FUTURISM
 To capture the speed and force of modern industrial society
 Glorified the mechanical energy of modern life
 Automobiles, motorcycles and railroad trains-express the explosive
vitality of modern city
7. SURREALISM
 Founded in Paris in 1924 by the French poet Andre Breton
 Tries to reveal a new and higher reality than that of daily life.
 ‘super realism‘or hyperrealism
 Emphasizes the activities of the subconscious state of the mind.
 Subjects attempt to show what is inside man‘s mind as well as the
appearance of his outside world.
 Creates forms and images not primarily by reason, but by unthinking
impulse and blind feeling or even by accident.
 Surrealists declare that a magical world-more beautiful than the real
one-can be created in art and literature.
 Much of the beauty sought by surrealism is violent and cruel.
 To shock the viewer or reader and show what they consider the deeper
and truer part of human nature.
 Surrealism is defined as "a style in which fantastical visual imagery from
the subconscious mind is used with no intention of making the work
logically comprehensible." For the first time, artists could ―express their
imagination as revealed in dreams, shaped by emerging theories on our
perception of reality, free of the conscious control of reason and
convention.
 It was no wonder many people of this time period were drawn to this
fantasy world, for Europe was in the midst of a "reconstruction" due to
Irish (civil) wars, a new dictator, and economic issues.
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 CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS
LECTURE NOTE 1: Materials and Techniques Used in Contemporary Arts Weeks 1 & 2 (4th Quarter)

 Surrealism ‘s main purpose was ―to resolve the previously

contradictory conditions of dream and reality into an absolute reality, a
super-reality.

8. EXPRESSIONISM
 Introduced in Germany during the first decade of 20th century
 Believed in the necessity of a spiritual rebirth for man in an age that was
fast becoming influenced by materialism
 The emotional expressions in expressionistic paintings could be
described as involving pathos, morbidity, violence or chaos, and
tragedy. It sometimes portrays defeat
 The movement is originally German and Austrian. There was never a
group of artists that called themselves Expressionists.
 Later in the 20th century, the movement influenced a large number of
artists, including the so-called abstract expressionists, the latter
consisting primarily of American artists such as Jackson Pollock.
 At the end of the 20th century, a group of artists in the South America
developed a style known as Southern expressionism.
 Expressionist groups Expressionism painting is a represented distortion
of reality resulting on an emotional effect. It can often imply emotional
angst. Emotion is a neural impulse that moves an organism to action.
Emotion is differentiated from feeling.

STA. LUCIA ACADEMY, INC. 9