지시형용사

그
I like that shirt.

지시하기 지시대명사

I didn't know that.

그것
that The word order of Korean is different from that of English.

It is not that cold.

정도 나타내기 그렇게, 그정도로 English is not that hard.

That he is kind is true. (주어)

It is true that he is kind. (진주어)

것(접속사) + 완전한 문장 I think (that) he is kind. (목적어, 3형식)

that 정리 
She told me (that) he is kind. (직접목적어, 4형식)
명사 자리(주어, 목적어, 보어)
We forgot the fact that he was in the room.
(the fact = he was in the room)
~라는(동격접속사) + 완전한 문장

관계대명사

I read a book that is very interesting. (주격)

that + 문장
There is something (that) you should know. (목적격)
형용사 자리(명사 뒤) ~하는(관계사) + 불완전한 문장
관계부사

Seoul is the city (that) my family lives.

I'm glad that you like it. (이유)

부사 자리 He was so happy that he could play in the field.

so~that...: 너무 ~해서 ...하다