Lizards are a diverse group of reptiles found globally, inhabiting every continent except Antarctica.

They vary greatly in size, ranging from just over a centimeter to more than 10 feet (3 meters) in
length. Lizards are known for their unique adaptations and abilities, thriving in various habitats such
as deserts, forests, grasslands, jungles, and coastlines. Some species are even kept as pets. No matter
their type, lizards are intriguing creatures with a significant role in the natural world.

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There are over 6,000 species of lizards on Earth, including well-known types like chameleons, iguanas,
and geckos. Typically cold-blooded, lizards depend on their environment to regulate body
temperature. With their four strong legs tipped with claws, scaled skin, and a tail, lizards are easily
identifiable.

As reptiles, most lizards lay eggs, but about 20% of species give birth to live young. Unlike bird eggs,
lizard eggs have flexible, leathery shells that lose more water, so mothers often lay them in moist
environments to prevent drying out. Depending on the species, it can take from a few weeks to 18
months for the eggs to hatch. Some lizards guard their eggs, while others abandon them immediately,
leaving hatchlings to fend for themselves.

Generally carnivorous, lizards usually feed on insects and small animals, though many are
opportunistic eaters, consuming whatever is available. However, iguanas are an exception. Native to
Central and South America, iguanas can grow over 6 feet (2 meters) long and weigh more than 20
pounds (9 kilograms). There are 35 species of iguana, with colors ranging from blue, yellow, pink, red,
and brown, although the common iguana is green. Primarily herbivores, iguanas live in trees, eating
leaves, fruits, and flowers. Due to their gentle nature and plant-based diet, iguanas are sometimes
kept as pets.

In contrast, the Komodo dragon would make a terrible pet. Found only on a few Indonesian islands,
Komodo dragons are the largest living lizards, growing up to 10 feet (3 meters) long and weighing
over 150 pounds (70 kilograms). Carnivorous, young dragons hunt small animals, while adults hunt
larger prey like deer, pigs, and water buffalo, and also eat carrion. Despite their relatively weak bite,
Komodo dragons have venom that can prevent wounds from healing, causing prey to die slowly and
providing food later.

Some lizards rely on clever tactics rather than size and strength. Chameleons, found in Africa,
Madagascar, Europe, and Asia, are known for their color-changing ability, which helps them blend
into their surroundings. Carnivorous, they eat insects and small animals, capturing prey with their
long, sticky tongues that shoot out at high speed. Their unique eyes provide 360-degree vision and
can focus on two different directions simultaneously. Chameleons have a single eyelid shaped like a
cone with a small opening for light, allowing them to clean and moisturize their eyes without blinking.

Lizards play crucial roles in their ecosystems as both predators and prey, controlling insect
populations and serving as food for larger predators. Despite their importance and wide distribution,
lizards face threats from habitat loss, climate change, and human activities, with many species
endangered or threatened. Conservation efforts aim to protect these fascinating animals and their
habitats. Understanding and appreciating the value of lizards in nature is essential for their
protection.