UNIT 3:PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

:PRISMS

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 1

 Solids are classified & arranged in to two major groups.
Group A Group B
Solids having top and base of same shape
Solids having base of some shape
and just a point as a top, called apex.
Prisms Pyramids

Triangular Square Pentagonal Hexagonal

Triangular Square Pentagonal Hexagonal

( A solid
( A solid having
having Four
six square triangular
faces) Tetrahedron faces)
Cube/Hexahedron Cylinder Cone
(Solid of revolution) (Solid of revolution)
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Visibilty-Visible edges/Boundaries are shown with thick continuous lines,whereas
hidden or invisible edges/Boundaries are shown with thick dashed lines

Rules of visibility
1. All boundary lines in a view are visible
2. No two visible edges cut each other
3. All edges coming out of invisible corner are

invisible Example: Consider frustum of pentagonal

pyramid

1. All boundary lines in a view are visible

AA1,A1B1,B1C1,C1C,CD,DE & EA

2.No two visible edges cut each other

B1,B1 is visible and therefore E1D1 cannot be visible

3.All edges coming out of invisible corner are invisible

E1is invisible corner. Therefore all edges coming out of it i.e E1A,1 E1D1 and E1E are
invisible and are represented by dashed thick lines
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 3
Similarly ,D1is invisible corner. Therefore all edges coming out of it i.e D1C,1 ,D1E1
and D1D are invisible and are represented by dashed thick lines

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 4

 PRISMS

Triangular Square Pentagonal Hexagonal Cube/Hexahedron

Top

Rectangular
Face

Longer Prism
Edge

Corner
of
Base
base Square

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Edge of Base

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 Terminology and Views.

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 Triangular prism resting on Base: Various positions

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Prism placed on HP with axis perpendicular to VP: Various positions

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 7

When solid lies with base edge on HP: 1. Place the base on HP such that
edge of the base (c1d1)
Fig 2A perpendicular to VP as in Fig 1A.
Obtain corresponding front view
Fig 1B
as in Fig 1B.In Front view c1’d1’
appears as a point

2 Since prism has to lie on base

edge, redraw fig 1B in tilted
position to get fig 2A keeping
c1’d1’ on xy line
Angle of tilt can be specified by
i. Axis o’o1’ inclination with HP()
ii. Base inclination B (Inclination
of Base B = 90- )
iii.Inclination () of rectangle face
containing the base edge on which
it is resting on HP.
Fig 1A Fig 2B 3.Obtain corresponding Top
view(Fig 2B)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 8

When solid lies with corner on H P:
With two of the base edges containing the corner on
HP making equal inclinations with HP
makes equal inclinations with HP
Fig 1B
Fig 2A
1. Place the base on HP such that an
imaginary line connecting the center of
the base with the corner (o1d1) is parallel
to VP ,i.e xy line as in Fig 1A.(Preferably
on right hand side)
Obtain corresponding front view as in Fig
1B.In Front view d1’ is the base corner(In
even sided polygon,other end a1’is also
base corner)

2 Since prism has to lie on base corner,

redraw fig 1B in tilted position to get fig
2A keeping corner d1’ on xy line
Angle of tilt can be specified by
•Axis o’o1’ inclination with HP()
•Base inclination (B ,Inclination of Base
B =90- )
•Inclination () of longer edge
containing the corner on which it is
resting on HP.

3.Obtain corresponding Top view(Fig 2B)

Fig 1A Fig 2B
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When solid lies with base edge on 1. Place the base on VP such that
edge of the base c1’d1’ perpendicular
VP:
to HP as in Fig 1A.
Fig 1A Obtain corresponding top view as in
Fig 2B Fig 1B.In top view (c1d1) appears as a
point

2 Since prism has to lie on base edge

on VP , redraw fig 1B in tilted position
to get fig 2A keeping c1d1on xy line
Angle of tilt can be specified by
i. Axis oo1 inclination with VP()
ii. Base inclination with VP B
(Inclination of Base  B = 90- )
iii.Inclination () of rectangle face
containing the base edge on which it
is resting on VP.
3.Obtain corresponding Front view
Fig 1B (Fig 2B)
Fig 2A
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 10

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 9

When solid lies with corner on V P:
With two of the base edges containing the corner on VP
making equal inclinations with VP
Fig 1A Fig 2B
1.Place the base on VP such that an
imaginary line connecting the center of
the base with the corner (o1’d1’) is parallel
to HP ,i.e xy line as in Fig 1A.(Preferably
Fig 2A

Fig 1B
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on right ) (B ,Inclination of Base
hand side) B =90- )
Obtain 2 Since •Inclination () of longer edge
corres prism has containing the corner on which it is
pondi to lie on resting on VP.
ng base
topvie corner in 3.Obtain corresponding Front view(Fig
w as VP , 2B)
in Fig redraw fig
1B.In 1B in
top tilted
view position
d1 is to get fig
the 2A
base keeping
corner corner d1
(In on xy line
even Angle of tilt
sided can be
polyg specified by
on,oth •Axis o’o1’
er end inclination
a1is with VP()
also •Base
base inclination
corner
 Prism resting on rectangle face on HP

Fig 1A
Fig 1A Fig 2B

Fig 2A
Fig 1B
Fig 1B

DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENTOF
OFMECHANICAL
MECHANICALENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,BMSCE,
BMSCE,BANGALORE-19
BANGALORE-19 13
12
 Prism resting on Longer edge on HP

One of the rectangle face Two of the rectangle faces One of the rectangle
containing longer edge on HP containing longer edge on HP face containing longer
makes  with HP makes equal inclinations with edge on HP makes 
HP with HP

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 13

 Suspended Prism
1. Center of Gravity(CG) in Prism is mid point of axis i.e at h/2(Fig 1B)
2. Place the base on HP such that an imaginary line connecting the center of the
top face with the point of suspension is parallel to VP ,i.e xy line as in Fig 1A.
3. Point of suspension and CG should be made vertical in front View. (Fig 2A)
Fig 2A
Fig 1B Fig 1B Fig 2A

Fig 1A Fig 1A Fig 2B

Fig 2B
Square prism suspended from corner Pentogonal prism suspended from corner
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 14
1. Draw the projections of a triangular prism, base 30 mm side and axis 70 mm long
rests with one of its base edges on HP such that base makes an angle of 40 deg. With
HP, & the edge on which it is resting is inclined at 300 to VP.
Fig 1B Fig 2A Fig 3B

Fig 2B Fig3A
Fig 1A

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2. Draw the projections of a triangular prism, base 40 mm side and axis 50 mm long
rests with a corner of the base on HP such that the two base edges passing through the
corner on which the prism rests are equally inclined to HP, & the base of the prism is
inclined at 450 to HP & the axis of the prism is inclined at 300 to VP.

Fig 1B Fig 2A
Fig 3B

Fig 1A Fig 2B Fig 3A

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 16

3. A triangular prism, base 40 mm side and 65 mm long rests on one of its longer edges
on HP such that one of its rectangular faces containing the longer edge on which its
rests is inclined at 200 to HP and is nearer to the observer. The axis is inclined at 30 0 to
VP. Draw the top, front and right views.

Fig 2C Fig 2B Fig 1A

Fig 2A Fig 1B

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4) A square prism 35mm sides of base and 65mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base which is inclined to
VP at 300, Draw the projection of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 450

Fig 1B Fig 2A Fig 3B

Fig 1A

Fig 2B
Fig 3A

4a) A square prism 35mm sides of base and 65mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base which is inclined to VP at
300, Draw the projection of the prism when the base is inclined to HP at 450

4b) A square prism 35mm sides of base and 65mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base which is inclined to VP at 300,
Draw the projection of the rectangle face containing the base edge on which it rest is inclined to HP at 450
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 18
5) A square prism 35 mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such that the two base
edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the
prism is inclined to HP at 400 and
i. appears to be inclined to VP at 450

or ii.When a plane containing the axis and the longer edge passing through the corner on which it rest is inclined to
VP at 450
Fig 2A Fig 3B

Fig 1B

Fig 1A
Fig 3A
Fig 2B
5a) A square prism35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such that the two base
edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the base
of the prism is inclined to HP at 500 and axis appears to be inclined to VP at 450
5b) A square prism35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such that the two base
edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism when the longer
edge containing the corner on which it rest is inclined to HP at 500 and axis appears to be inclined to VP at 450

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 19

6) A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corner of the base such that the two base edges
containing the corner on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP, Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is
inclined to HP at 400 and to VP at 300

Fig 1B Fig 2A Fig 3B

Fig 1A

Fig 2B Fig 3A
6A) A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corner of the base such that the two base
edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP, Draw the projections of the prism when the base of
the prism is inclined to HP at 500 and axis to VP at 300
20
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19
7) A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base, Draw the projections
of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 450 and VP at 300

Fig 1B Fig 3B
Fig 2A

Fig 1A
Fig 2B Fig 3A
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 21
8) A square prism35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length is suspended freely from a corner of its base, Draw the projections of the prism
when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 450

Fig 2A Fig 3B

Fig 1B

Fig 1A Fig 2B Fig 3A

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 22
9) A cube of 40mm sides rests on HP on an edge which is inclined to VP at 300, Draw the projections when the lateral square
face containing the edge on which it rests makes an angle of 500 to HP

Fig 1B Fig 3B
Fig 2A

Fig 1A Fig 2B

Fig 3A
DEPARTMENT OF
MECHANICAL
23
ENGINEER
ING,
BMSCE,
BANGALO
RE-19
Problem 10:
A cube of 50 mm long edges is so placed on Hp on one corner that a body diagonal through this corner is
perpendicular to Hp and parallel to Vp Draw it’s three views.

Fig 2A Fig 2C

Fig 1B

Fig 1A
24

Fig 2B

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19

11) A hexahedron of 30mm sides is resting on one of its corner on HP such that one of its solid diagonals is
perpendicular to VP, Draw the projections of the solid

Fig 1B Fig 2A Fig 3B

Fig 1A

Fig 2B
Fig 3A

11A. A cube of 50 mm long edges is so placed on Hp on one corner that a body diagonal
is parallel to Hp and perpendicular toVp Draw it’s projections.

25
DEPARTM
ENT OF
MECHANI
CAL
ENGINEERI
NG,
BMSCE,
BANGALO
RE-19
12) A pentagonal prism 25mm of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base which is inclined to VP at 300,
Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 400

Fig 2A Fig 3B
Fig 1B

Fig 1A
Fig 2B
Fig 3A
Base nearer to observer

26
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19
13) A pentagonal prism 25mm of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base, Draw the projections of the prism
when the axis is inclined to HP at 400 and VP to 300

Fig 1B Fig 2A Fig 3B

Fig 1A

Fig 2B
Fig 3A

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14A) A pentagonal prism 25mm of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such that the two base edges
containing the corner on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP, Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is
inclined to HP at 400 and appears to be inclined to VP at 450

Fig 1B Fig 2A
Fig 3B

Fig 1A
Fig 2B Fig 3A
14B. A pentagonal prism 25mm of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such that the two base edges containing the
corner on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP, Draw the projections of the prism when the axi s of the prism is inclined to HP at 400 and
When a plane containing the axis and the longer edge passing through the corner on which it rest is inclined to VP at 450

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 28

15) A pentagonal prism 25mm of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such that the two base edges
containing the corner on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP, Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is
inclined to HP at 400 and to VP at 300

Fig 1B DEPARTMENT OF
Fig 2A MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING, BMSCE,
BANGALORE-19

Fig 1A Fig 2B
Fig 3B

Fig
3A
2
9
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 30
16) A pentagonal prism of base side 25mm and height 50mm is resting on HP on one of its base corner such that the top most edge is at a
distance of 60mm above HP, Draw its projections, when its top view of the axis is inclined at 450 to VP, Also, determine the inclination of
the longer edge of the prism to HP which contains the resting corner

Fig 1B Fig 2A Fig 3B

Fig 1A
Fig 2B Fig 3A

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 17 a. A regular pentagonal prism lies with axis inclined at 60 0 to HP
and 300 to VP. The prism is 80 mm long and has a face width of 25
mm. One of the corners of the top face is nearer to the observer and
the remotest shorter edge is in VP. Draw the top and front views of the
prism.

Fig 1B Fig 2A

Fig 3B

Fig 1A

Fig 2B Fig 3A

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17 b. A regular pentagonal prism lies with axis inclined at 60 0 to HP and 300 to VP. The prism is 80
mm long and has a face width of 25 mm. One of the corners of the top face is nearer to the observer
and the remotest shorter edge is in VP. Draw the top and front views of the prism.

Fig 1A Fig 3A

Fig 2B

Fig 3B

Fig 2A
Fig 1B
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18) A pentagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 60mm axis length is suspended freely from a corner of its base, Draw the projections
of the prism when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 450

Fig 2A
Fig 1B Fig 3B

Fig 1A

Fig 2B
Fig 3A

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19) A pentagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length is suspended freely mid point of the base edge, Draw the projections
of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 450

Fig 1B Fig 2A Fig 3B

m’
Fig 1B

Fig 1A Fig 3A
Fig 2B
Note:
1.Place the base on HP such that an imaginary line connecting the center of the
top face with the point of suspension is parallel to VP ,i.e xy line as in Fig 1A.
2.Point of suspension and CG should be made vertical in front View. (Fig 2A) m’ and G
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 34
(Fig
1A)sho
uld me
made
vertical
to get
Fig.2A.
Point
of
suspen
sion is
‘m’ mid
point
of AE

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 35

20 A hexagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges, Draw the projections of the prism when the
axis is inclined to HP at 450 and appears to be inclined to Vp 400

Fig 1B Fig 2A Fig 3B

Fig 1A
Fig 2B Fig 3A
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 36
21) A hexagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base, Draw the projections
of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 450 and VP 300

Fig 1B Fig 2A Fig 3B

Fig 1A Fig 3A
Fig 2B
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22) A hexagonal prism 30 mm sides of base and 70mm axis length rests on VP on one of its edges of the base and the
axis inclined to VP at 300.Draw the projections of the prism when the side 0f the base in VP is inclined to HP at 450 .

Fig 1A Fig 3A
Fig 2B

Fig 1B Fig 2A Fig 3B

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 38

23) A hexagonal prism 25mm sides of baser and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such that the two base edges
containing the corner on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP, Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is
inclined to HP at 400 and appears to be inclined to VP at 450

Fig 1B Fig 2A Fig 3B

Fig 1A Fig 2B Fig 3A

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 39
24) A hexagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such that the two base edges
containing the corner on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP, Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the inclined to
HP at 400 and to VP at 300

Fig 3B
Fig 1B Fig 2A

Fig 1A
Fig 2B
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19
Fig403A
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 39
25) A hexagonal prism 30mm sides of base and 70mm axis has one of its
rectangular faces in VP and the edge of the base contained by that face makes
300 with HP. Draw its projections.

Fig 1B
Fig 2A

Fig 2B

Fig 1A

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19 40
26) A hexagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length is suspended freely from a corner of its base, Draw the projections
of the prism when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 450

Fig 1B Fig 2A Fig 3B

Fig 1A

Fig 2B Fig 3A
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