5. (a) What do you mean by dryness fraction?

Explain the procedure

for measurement of dryness fraction using Separating and
throttling calorimeter. 5
(b) Sketch a Mollier chart and show the following processes:
() Constant pressure heating
(ii) Isentropic expansion 5
(c) 1 kg of steam at 20 bar, dryness fráction 0.9 is heated
reversibly at constant pressure to a temperature of 300°C.
Calculate the heat supplied and change of entropy. Also show
the process on T-Schart Indicating the area which represents
heat flow.
5. (a) Sketch a mollier chart and show the following
processes:
() Constant volume cooling
J-1230 3 (Contd.)

(ii) Throttling 5

(b) Explain the construction and working of a simple

carburcttor. Discuss its major limitalion. 5

(c) An engine working on Rankine cycle uscs steam

at 20 bar, dry and saturatcd. The condnser
pressure is 0.3 bar. Find the cflicicncy of Rankinc
cycle. Also plot the rankine cycle on T-S chart.
Neglect the pump work. 10
 kJ/min.Considering the developedbytheturb
Iroi

thepower following processes

calculate the
system, chartandshow
Sketcha mollier
4. (a)
onit. 5
(i)Throttlingprocess.
(ii)ConstantVolumeCooling
and
throttling
separating discuss
the
explain dryness fraction. Also
Sketch and obtaining Calorimeter and
(b) calorimeterfor separating. 5
of using
limitation
throttling Calorimeterseparately. temperatureof
the anda
throttled to l bar of steam
bar is fraction
Steam at 15 initial dryness T-S chart.
(c) Calculate the Sketch the process on 10
110°C. entropy.
change in efficiency of
and kJ/kgk. standard
Take C,= 31 air
s_ion for
 (b) Thesteam initially at pressure of 15 bar and
temperature
of250°Cexpands hyperbolicallyto 1.5 bar. Find.
() Final temperature (ii) Work done (ii) heat
transfer
4453
(iv)Change in enthalpy(v) Change in internal energy. 10
3 (Contd.)
4.(a) Describe with neat sketch the barrel calorimeter method
ofmeasuring dryness fraction. 5
(a) What is the drvness fraction ol'steam. Explain any
one method of measuring i!. with help of ncat
sketch.

(b) Explain the factors thai aftcct the eficiency and

outputofRankine cycle. (5)
(c) 0.005 m' of water is boiling at 30°C. It is heated
until the pressure is 8 bar and dryness 0.9.
Calculate:
() The quantity of heat added before evaporation
begit1st har
(il: he increasc in intcrnai eiergy of water upto
beginaing of evaporation.
(iä) Inerease in intcnal encrgy and external work done
during evaporation and
(i) The entropy oflkg of wet steam.
(b) Describe with sketch the functioning of
'Combined separating and throttling calorimeter'.
6
(c) Describe the Rankine cycle. Sketch Rankine cycle
and Carnot cycle on same T-s diagram, Why is
Rankine cycle used is steam power plant?
Explain. 6
 he air consumpation per hour. 10
5. (a) 0.005 m' of water is boiling at 30°C. It is heated
until the pressure is 8 bar and dryness fraction of
steam is 0.9. Using steam table, calculate
() The quantity of heat added before
evaporation begins at &bar
(ii) The increase in internal energy of
the water
upto beginning ofevaporation
(ii) The increase in internal energy and
the
external work done during evaporation
stage.
(iv) The entropy of 1 kg ofwet steam. 8
3663 3 (Contd.)
 Give the functions ofeach com 13/79
(10)
(a) Define dryness fraction of stea What are the
various methods of finding the dryness fraction?
(b) Steam at a 10 bar and 0.9 dryness is throttied to a
pressure of 2bar. Usug sicam tabies, evaluate the
final dryness fraction or degree of superheat.
Estimate the change of entrony during the
process. State whether thisprocess is reversible.
Justify your statement. (10)
 1N)E.3.5
- ra! Detine foiowing terms using Su. -te sketches:
44/79
) Triple poini.
(i) Critical point.
iiySubcooked iiquid.
ihì ry Safuraleç steam inilaaily at a pressure of 600 Kpa
is conlained in a thermaliy isulated cylinder fitted
wilh africtionless pisio}. As the piston moves
slowly outwards steam expands to a pressure of
60 Kpa. Caicuiate the wOrk done by the steam and
10
plci the p:ucess on mollier chart.
ic) What are the difficulties expeienced in carrying out
can notCycle for avapor. Explain with the help of
4
T-s plo.
7-. (ayDefine plasticity, ductility and toughness. v
 (v) Brake thermal efficiency.. 46/79 (10)
5-{a):> Wba;do you mean by dryness frac 1of steam?
Explain the working of combined arating and
throtling calorimeter to estimate the dryness fraction
of a given steam. (10)

(b) i kgof steam of 20 bar, dryness fraction 0.9is heated

revestibly at constant pressure tö å temperature of
300°C, Calculate-the heatsupplied andthe change of
entropy,Also show the process on T-S chart indicating
.:hearea which represents the heat flow:i (10)
 Ial gie prOCESS.
A vessel of volune 0.04m contains aamixture
saturated water and saturated steam at a temperature
of 250°C. The mass of the liquid present is 9 kg.
Find the pressure, specific volume, the enthalpy, the
entropy and internal energy. 12
2 (Contd.)
 thermodynamics. 2
Sketch a Mollier chart and show the following
processes :
(1) Constant pressure heating
(iü) Constant volume cooling. 4

8280 Contd.
 2 n-I

(c Prove that violation of Clausius statemeat violates

Kelvin Plank siaement.
(a) 1kg of steam of 20 bar, dryness fraction 0.9 is
heated reversibly at constant pressure to a 300°C.
Calculate the heat supplied, and change in entropy
and show the process on T-S diagram, indicating
the area which represents the heat flow. 8