~:The GOD EQUATION:~

The whole universe has its own language to communicate with the lives it
breeds. Among the residents of earth, there are those people who are
well educated about this language and are devouring their lives to find the
deepest secrets this universe has by decoding this language using , what
we call, EQUATIONS .

There are several equations well known today; but amongst them there is
this specific one which is popularly known as the “GOD EQUATION” . This was
proposed by a Swiss Mathematician, Leonhard Euler. The Equation is as
follows:-

𝑖𝑥
𝑒 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥

This Equation is the perfect epitome of “Mathematical Beauty” as it gives

us a connection between the most profound numbers in mathematics. i
(iota) is one of the breakthrough in ancient mathematics, where i= − 1.

Back to the equation; we encounter another number - ‘e’. It is a

transcendental number a.k.a The Euler’s Number, which has the value of
e=2.718281828459045….. This value has been found out using the Taylor
∞
𝑥
Series Expansion (TSE) of 𝑒 = ∑ 𝑥!
1
where x=1. We can also see two
𝑥=0
trigonometric functions cos and sin. For any right angle triangle cos
θ = 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒/ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 and sin
θ = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 /ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 . Since we have the definition of all the
variables of the equation, let’s prove it…

So we have cos x + i sin x. We need the TSE of cos and sin. According to
∞
𝑥 3 𝑥 5 𝑥 7
2𝑛+1
𝑛 (𝑥 )
TSE, sin x= ∑ (− 1) (2𝑛+1)! = x- 3! + 5! - 7! +....... And for cos x=
𝑛=0
∞
𝑥 2 𝑥 4 𝑥 6
2𝑛
𝑛 (𝑥 )
∑ (− 1) (2𝑛)!
= 1- 2! + 4! - 6! + ……
𝑛=0
Now we plug in these expansions of cos x and sin x into our cos x+i sin x :

𝑥 2 𝑥 4 𝑥 6 𝑥 3 𝑥 5 𝑥 7
=(1- 2! + 4! - 6! + …… ) + (ix- 𝑖 3! + 𝑖 5! - 𝑖 7! +.......)

𝑥 2 𝑥 3 𝑥 4 𝑥 5 𝑥 6 𝑥 7
=(1+ix - 2! - 𝑖 3! + 4! + 𝑖 5! - 6! - 𝑖 7! + ……)

𝑥 2 𝑥 3 𝑥 4 𝑥 5 𝑥 6 𝑥 7
=(1+ix + (− 1) 2!
+ (− 𝑖) 3!
+(1) 4!
+ (𝑖) 5!
+ (− 1) 6!
+ (− 𝑖) 7!
+
2 3 4
……) {As 𝑖 =-1 , 𝑖 =-i , 𝑖 =1 and so on}

(𝑖𝑥) 2 (𝑖𝑥) 3 (𝑖𝑥) 4 (𝑖𝑥) 5 (𝑖𝑥) 6 (𝑖𝑥) 7

= (1+ix - 2! - 3! + 4! + 5! - 6! - 7! + ……)

𝑖𝑥
= 𝑒
𝑥
We see that the above result is exactly equal to the TSE of 𝑒 but the
only difference is that instead of (x) we have (ix).
𝑖𝑥
So we see that, 𝑒 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥

But now the question arises as to why this equation is known as the “God
𝑖θ
Equation”. This equation on polar plane gives us 𝑒 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ.
𝑟𝑖θ
When we use integral multiples of i (say r*i), we get 𝑒 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ
which gives us a point on the Argand Plane (Complex Plane). If this r*i has
𝑟𝑖θ
r→ ∞ then we get a circle joining all the points 𝑒 . Again, if we input π;
which has the value π = 3.14159265359…… ,then we get the equation to be
𝑖π
𝑒 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 π + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 π. Disregarding the fact that we are having 3 of the
most power full numbers in mathematics e, i and π ; this equation
manipulates itself to give us a result of (-1). We often encounter a
𝑖π
counterpart of this equation i.e., 𝑒 +1=0 . And importantly, it’s one of the
most beautiful equations one encounters in the world of mathematics
which is capable of describing the hidden secrets of the universe if the
equation somehow coincides with the time-space dimension we live in.

Name: Abhisikta Ray, XI / Science