I.

The Secretariat
The Secretariat General of the UN is the closest thing to “a president of the world” that exits
however, the secretary General represents members states. The Secretary General is nominated
by the Security Council requiring the consent of all five permanent members and must approved
by the General Assembly. The term of office is five years and may be renewed. For instance, Ban
Kim-Moon is a former of foreign minister of South Korea, began in his term 2007 and got
second elected in 2012. Due to his hard-working, he received one-hundredth-anniversary Nobel
Peace.

The Secretariat of the UN is its controlling branch, headed by the Secretary General. It is a
bureaucracy for administering UN policy and programs, just as the State Department is a
bureaucracy for US. foreign policy. In security matters, the Secretary General personally works
with the Security Council, development programs in poor countries are coordinated by a second
in command, the director-general for Development and International Economic Co-operation.

The staff numbers about 43,000 people and the total number of employees UN system
(including the World Bank and International Monetary Fund) are 75,000. UN related agency
offices are concentrated in Geneva, Switzerland.

One purpose of the UN secretariat is to develop an international civil service of diplomats

and bureaucrat whose loyalties lie at the global level, not with their states of the origin. The UN
Charter allows the Secretary General to use the UN’s good offices to serve as a neutral mediator
in international conflicts- to bring hostile parties together in negotiations.

The Secretary General also works to bring together the great power consensus on which
Security Council action depends. The Secretary General has the power under the UN charter to
bring to the Security council any matter that might threaten international peace and security
affair. When the Secretary General asks for authority for a peacekeeping mission for six months,
the Security likely to say three months or if the Secretary General asks for $10 million, he might
get $5 million. Thus, the Secretary General remains, like the entire UN system, constrained by
state sovereignty.

II. The General Assembly

 The General Assembly is made of all 193 member states of the UN, each with one vote. It
usually meets every year, from late September to January in plenary session. State leaders or
foreign ministers, including the U.S president, generally came through one by one to address this
assemblage.

This global town hall is a unique institution and provides a powerful medium for state to
put forward their ideas and arguments. Presiding over it is president elected by the Assembly a
post without much power.

The General Assembly has the power to accredit national delegations as members of the
UN (through its Credentials Committee). For illustration, in 1971, the delegation of the People’s
republic of China was given China’s seat in the UN (including on the Security Council) in the
place of the nationalist in Taiwan.

The General Assembly’s main power lies in its control of finances for UN programs and
operations, including peacekeeping. It can also pass resolutions on various matters, but these are
purely advisory and at the time have served largely to vent frustrations of the majority of poor
countries. The Assembly also elects members of certain UN agencies and programs. Finally, the
Assembly coordinates UN programs and agencies through its own system of committees,
commissions, councils, and so forth.

The Assembly coordinates UN programs and agencies through ECOSOC which has 54
member states elected by the General Assembly for three-year terms. ECOSOC manages the
overlapping work of a large number of programs and agencies.