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(Ebook PDF) (Ebook PDF) College Algebra and Trigonometry 4th Edition by J. S. Ratti All Chapter
(Ebook PDF) (Ebook PDF) College Algebra and Trigonometry 4th Edition by J. S. Ratti All Chapter
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•
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•••
Foreword I II
•••
Preface XI 11
•
Resources XVI
•
Acknowledgments XIX
Dedication xx
Chapter P
BASIC CONCEPTS OF ALGEBRA 1
P.3 Polynomials 30
Polynomial Vocabulary • Adding and Subtracting Polynomials • Multiplying
Polynomials • Special Products • Squaring a Binomial Sum or Difference
The Product of the Sum and Difference of Terms
•
IV
Chapter 1
EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES 80
Chapter 2
GRAPHS AND FUNCTIONS 174
v
2.2 Graphs of Equations 185
Graph of an Equation • Intercepts • Symmetry • Circles • Semicircles
Chapter 3
POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS 317
•
VI
3.3 Dividing Polynomials 352
The Division Algorithm • Synthetic Division • The Remainder and
Factor Theorems
3. 7 Variation 403
Direct Variation • Inverse Variation • Joint and Combined Variation
Chapter 3 Review and Tests • Review Exercises • Practice Test A •
Practice Test B • Cumulative Review Exercises Chapters P-3
Chapter 4
EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS 422
••
VII
4.5 Logarithmic Scales; Modeling 488
pH Scale • Earthquake Intensity • Loudness of Sound • Musical Pitch •
Star Brightness • Modeling
Chapter 4 Review and Tests • Review Exercises Practice Test A •
Practice Test B • Cumulative Review Exercises Chapters P-4
Chapter 5
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 513
•••
VIII
Chapter 6
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES AND EQUATIONS 617
Chapter 7
APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 691
•
IX
7 .3 Areas of Polygons Using Trigonometry 719
Geometry Formulas • Area of SAS Triangles • Area of AAS and ASA
Triangles • Area of SSS Triangles • Applications • Polygons
7 .4 Vectors 732
Vectors • Geometric Vectors • Equivalent Vectors • Adding Vectors •
Algebraic Vectors • Unit Vectors • Vectors in i, j Form Vector in Terms of
Magnitude and Direction • Applications of Vectors
Chapter 8
SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES 791
x
8.5 Systems of Inequalities 836
Graph of a Linear Inequality in Two Variables • Systems of Linear
Inequalities in Two Variables • Nonlinear Inequality • Nonlinear Systems
Chapter 9
MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS 866
Chapter 10
CONIC SECTIONS 936
•
XI
10.3 The Ellipse 954
Definition of Ellipse • Equation of an Ellipse • Translations of Ellipses •
Applications
.- .:- lt
Chapter 11
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•
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-- ·-
FURTHER TOPICS IN ALGEBRA 993
JI
- ..W.:. - 11.1 Sequences and Series 994
Sequences Recursive Formulas • Factorial Notation • Summation
Notation Series
Exercises Preparing Students for Material in the Next • A Summary of Main Facts has been added to the section
Section. Each exercise section ends with a. set of exercises on quadratic functions.
titled Getting Ready for the Next Section that provides • Expanded the discussion on functions of even and odd
a review of the concepts and skills that will be used in the degree and on the end behavior of polynomial functions.
following section. • Added an example showing how to graph a polynomial
Graph and Data-Related Exercises. We have intro- given in factored form.
duced exercises throughout the text that demonstrate how • Expanded the discussion on horizontal asymptotes, along
to extract information about real-world situations from a with improved graphics.
• ••
XIII
CHAPTER 4 • Added a discussion about the connection between com-
bining transformations and multiplying their correspond-
• Added a schematic showing various transformations of
ing matrices and showing that the order in which the
the graph of f(x) = ex.
transformations are performed matters.
• Expanded the discussion of exponential growth and decay.
• Added a schematic showing various transformations of
CHAPTER 10
the graph of f(x) = logax.
• Added a comparison of the end behavior (as x approaches • Sections 10.2, 10.3, and 10.4 have additional examples
infmity) of the exponential, logarithmic and linear functions. showing how to obtain the equation of the conic discussed
in that section from key characteristics of its graph.
• Added a procedure for solving logarithmic equations
using exponential form.
• Added material on building linear, exponential, logarith- CHAPTER 11
mic, and power models from data. • Expanded discussion, with examples, showing the connec-
tion between arithmetic sequences and linear functions and
CHAPTER 5 between geometric sequences and exponential functions.
•
XIV
to the Practice Problems are provided just before the section variety of exercises meet the needs of all students. Exercises
•
exercises. are carefully graded to strengthen the skills developed in the
section and are organized using the following categories.
Concepts and Vocabulary exercises begin each exercise
PROCEDURE BOXES These boxes, interspersed
set with problems that assess the student's grasp of the defi-
throughout the text, present important procedures in num-
nitions and ideas introduced in that section. These true-false
bered steps. Special Procedure in Action boxes present
and fill-in-the-blank exercises help to rapidly identify gaps
important multistep procedures, such as the steps for doing
in comprehension of the material in that section. Building
synthetic division, in a two-column format. The steps of
Skills exercises develop fundamental skills each odd-
the procedure are given in the left column, and an example
numbered exercise is closely paired with its consecutive
is worked, following these steps, in the right column. This
even-numbered exercise. Applying the Concepts features
approach provides students with a clear model with which
use the section's material to solve real-world problems all
they can compare when encountering difficulty in their
are titled and relevant to the topics of the section. Beyond
work. These boxes are a part of the numbered examples.
the Basics exercises provide more challenging problems
that give students an opportunity to reach beyond the mate-
ADDITIONAL PEDAGOGICAL FEATURES rial covered in the section these are generally more theo-
retical in nature and are suitable for honors students, special
Definitions, Theorems, Properties, and Rules are all boxed
assignments, or extra credit. Critical Thinking/Discussion/
and titled for emphasis and ease of reference.
Writing exercises, appearing as appropriate, are designed
Warnings appear as appropriate throughout the text to to develop students' higher-level thinking skills. Calculator
apprise students of common errors and pitfalls that can trip problems, identified by ~ , are included where needed.
them up in their thinking or calculations. Getting Ready for the Next Section exercises end each
exercise set with problems that provide a review of concepts
Summary of Main Facts boxes summarize information
and skills that will be used in the following section.
related to equations and their graphs, such as those of the
conic sections.
A Calculus Symbol $ appears next to information in the
CHAPTER REVIEW AND TESTS The chapter-ending
material begins with an extensive Review featuring a two-
text that is essential for the study of calculus.
column, section-by-section summary of the definitions,
concepts, and formulas covered in that chapter, with corre-
MARGIN NOTES sponding examples. This review provides a description and
examples of key topics indicating where the material occurs
Side Notes provide hints for handling newly introduced
in the text, and encourages students to reread sections
concepts.
rather than memorize definitions out of context. Review
Recall notes remind students of a key idea learned earlier in Exercises provide students with an opportunity to practice
the text that will help them work through a current problem. what they have learned in the chapter. Then students are
given two chapter test options. They can take Practice Test
Technology Connections give students tips on using calcu-
A in the usual open-ended format and/or Practice Test B,
lators to solve problems, check answers, and reinforce con-
covering the same topics, in a multiple-choice format. All
cepts. Note that the use of graphing calculators is optional
tests are designed to increase student comprehension and
in this text.
verify that students have mastered the skills and concepts
Do You Know? features provide students with additional in the chapter. Mastery of these materials should indicate a
interesting information on topics to keep them engaged in true comprehension of the chapter and the likelihood of suc-
the mathematics presented. cess on the associated in-class examination. Cumulative
Review Exercises appear at the end of every chapter, start-
Historical Notes give students information on key people or
ing with Chapter 2, to remind students that mathematics is
ideas in the history and development of mathematics.
not modular and that what is learned in the frrst part of the
book will be useful in later parts of the book and on the final
EXERCISES The heart of any textbook is its exercises, examination.
so we have tried to ensure that the quantity, quality, and
xv
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McWaters, and Les+aw Skrzypek (access code required)
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114 ifJ. af t •u ~. . . . • • . . .._
Video Notebook
A graph of a polynomial func1ion is a and cur\'c.
The Video Notebook is a guide that gives students a structured
.. ..... place to take notes and work on the example problems as
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. . . .• - , ; - - - . . . ..... they watch the videos. Definitions and important concepts are
Describe power functKlus ofodd degrees.
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Describe power functKlus ofeve,, dcgt«s. notebook is available in Mylab Math for download.
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pearson.com/mylab/math
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An notated Instructor's Edition Over 25 hours of video instruction feature Section
Answers are included on the same page beside the Summaries and Example Solutions. Section Summa-
text exercises, where possible, for quick reference. ries cover key definitions and procedures for most
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Instructor's Solutions Manual the detailed solution process for many examples in
Written by Beverly Fusfield, the Instructor's Solu- the textbook. Optional subtitles are available in Eng-
tions Manual provides complete solutions for all lish and Spanish.
end-of-section exercises, including the Critical
Thinking/Discussion/Writing Projects, Practice Prob- Student's Solutions Manual
lems, Chapter Review exercises, Practice Tests, and Written by Beverly Fusfield, the Student's Solutions
Cumulative Review problems. Manual provides detailed worked-out solutions to
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tors to build, edit, print, and administer tests using a the example problems as they watch the videos.
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We would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers of Jason Rose, College of Southern Idaho
this fourth edition (marked with an asterisk) and previous Mehdi Sadatmousavi, Pima Community College-West
editions, who provided such invaluable insights and com- Christy Schmidt, Northwest Vista
ments. Their contributions helped shape the development of Nyeita Schult, Coastal Carolina University
the text and carry out the vision stated in the Preface. Delphy Shaulis, University of Colorado-Boulder
Cindy Shaw, Moraine Valley Community College
Alison Ahlgren, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Cynthia Sikes, Georgia Southern University
Mohammad Aslam, Georgia Perimeter College
James Smith, Columbia State Community College
Mario Barrientos, Angelo State University
Linda Snellings-Neal, Wright State University
Ratan Barna, Miami-Dade College
Jacqueline Stone, University of Maryland-College Park
Sam Bazzi, Henry Ford Community College
Kay Stroope, Phillips County Community College
*Elizabeth Bowman, The University of Alabama at
Robert J. Strozak, Old Dominion University
Huntsville
Helen Timberlake, Rochester Institute of Technology
Diane Burleson, Central Piedmont Community College
Frances Tishkevich, Massachusetts Maritime Academy
Maureen T. Carroll, University of Scranton
Jo Tucker, Tarrant County College-Southeast
Melissa Cass, State University of New York-New Paltz
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Jason Cates, Lone Star College-Montgomery
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Kathleen M. Fick, Methodist University-Fayetteville Our sincerest thanks go to the legion of dedicated individu-
Junko Forbes, El Camino College als who worked tirelessly to make this book possible. We
Gene Garza, Samford University would like to express our gratitude to our typist, Beverly
Steven Gonzales, San Antonio College De Vine-Hoffmeyer, for her amazing patience and skill. We
Bobbie Jo Hill, Coastal Bend College must also thank Dr. Praveen Rohatgi, Dr. N alini Rohatgi, and
Fran Hopf, University of South Florida Dr. Bhupinder Bedi for the consulting they provided on all
Natalie Hutchinson, Old Dominion University material relating to medicine. We particularly want to thank
*Nyeita Irish, Coastal Carolina University Professors Mile Krajcevski, Viktor Maymeskul, and Scott
Yvette Janecek, Coastal Bend College Rimbey for many helpful discussions and suggestions, par-
Rose M. Jenkins, Midlands Technical College ticularly for improving the exercise sets. Further gratitude
Mohammad Kazemi, University of North Carolina at is due to Irena Andreevska, Gokarna Aryal, Ferene Tookos,
Charlotte and Christine Fitch for their assistance on the answers
David Keller, Kirkwood Community College to the exercises in the text. In addition, we would like to
Diana Klimek, New Jersey Institute of Technology thank De Cook, Doug Ewert, John Samons, and Beverly
Mile Krajcevski, University of South Florida Fusfield, for their meticulous accuracy in checking the text.
Lance Lana, University of Colorado-Denver Thanks are due as well to Chere Bemelmans and Cenveo
Alexander Lavrentiev, University of Wisconsin-Fox Valley for their excellent production work. Finally, our thanks are
Rebecca Leefers, Michigan State University extended to the professional and remarkable staff at Pearson
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We invite all who use this book to send suggestions for
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improvements to Marcus McWaters at mmm@usf.edu.
•
XIX
Dedication
To Our Wives,
Basic Conce
o A e ra
TOPICS
P.1 The Real Numbers and
Their Properties
P.2 Integer Exponents and
Scientific Notation
P.3 Polynomials
P.4 Factoring Polynomials
P.S Rational Expressions
P.6 Rational Exponents and
Radicals
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CHAPITRE XLIII
LE MOT
C’était moins bien comme rime. Mais le patron n’y regardait pas
de si près. Il ne faisait attention qu’au sens de la pièce. Ainsi il ne
reçut qu’à corrections Les Deux Cortèges, de Soulary. « C’est gentil,
dit-il, mais pas assez corsé. Apportez-moi quelque chose de plus
plein. »
Le lendemain, on lui apporta le sonnet suivant :
LE PIGEON VOYAGEUR