(eBook PDF) Electric Circuits, 11th

Global Edition
Go to download the full and correct content document:
https://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-electric-circuits-11th-global-edition/
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...

(eBook PDF) Electric Circuits 11th Edition by James W.

Nilsson

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-electric-circuits-11th-
edition-by-james-w-nilsson/

(eBook PDF) Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 6th

Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-fundamentals-of-
electric-circuits-6th-edition/

(eBook PDF) Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th

Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-fundamentals-of-
electric-circuits-5th-edition/

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 6th Edition (eBook

PDF)

http://ebooksecure.com/product/fundamentals-of-electric-
circuits-6th-edition-ebook-pdf/
(eBook PDF) Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 7th
Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-fundamentals-of-
electric-circuits-7th-edition/

(eBook PDF) Introduction to Electric Circuits 10th

Edition

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-introduction-to-
electric-circuits-10th-edition/

Electric Circuits 7th Edition Mahmood Nahvi - eBook PDF

https://ebooksecure.com/download/electric-circuits-ebook-pdf-2/

(eBook PDF) Electric Circuits 10th Edition by Nilsson &

Riedel

http://ebooksecure.com/product/ebook-pdf-electric-circuits-10th-
edition-by-nilsson-riedel/

Electric Circuits, 12e 12th Edition James Nilsson -

eBook PDF

https://ebooksecure.com/download/electric-circuits-12e-ebook-pdf/
Senior Vice President Courseware Portfolio Management,
Engineering, Computer Science, Mathematics, Statistics,
and Global Editions: Marcia J. Horton
Director, Portfolio Management, Engineering, Computer
Science, and Global Editions: Julian Partridge
Specialist, Higher Ed Portfolio Management: Norrin Dias
Portfolio Management Assistant: Emily Egan
Acquisitions Editor, Global Edition: Moasenla Jamir
Managing Producer, ECS and Mathematics: Scott Disanno
Senior Content Producer: Erin Ault
Senior Project Editor, Global Edition: K.K. Neelakantan
Manager, Rights and Permissions: Ben Ferrini
Operations Specialist: Maura Zaldivar-Garcia
Inventory Manager: Ann Lam
Senior Manufacturing Controller,
Global Edition: Kay Holman
Product Marketing Manager: Yvonne Vannatta
Field Marketing Manager: Demetrius Hall
Marketing Assistant: Jon Bryant
Project Manager: Rose Kernan
Cover Design: Lumina Datamatics
Cover Art: © raulpd / Shutterstock

Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear
on appropriate page within text.

MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc., 3 Apple Hill Road, Natick, MA

Pearson Education Limited

KAO Two
KAO Park
Harlow
CM17 9NA
United Kingdom

and Associated Companies throughout the world

Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsonglobaleditions.com

© Pearson Education Limited, 2020

The rights of James W. Nilsson and Susan A. Reidel to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by
them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled Electric Circuits, 11th Edition, ISBN 978-0-13-474696-8 by
James W. Nilsson and Susan A. Reidel, published by Pearson Education © 2019.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written
permission of the publisher or a license permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright
Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.

All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not
vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks
imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. For information regarding permissions, request
forms, and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights and Permissions department, please
visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions.

This eBook is a standalone product and may or may not include all assets that were part of the print version. It also
does not provide access to other Pearson digital products like MyLab and Mastering. The publisher reserves the right to
remove any material in this eBook at any time.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 10: 1-292-26104-8

ISBN 13: 978-1-292-26104-1
eBook ISBN 13: 978-1-292-26106-5
 Courtesy of Anna Nilsson

In Memoriam
We remember our beloved author, James W. Nilsson, for his lasting legacy to the electrical
and computer engineering field.
The first edition of Electric Circuits was published in 1983. As this book evolved over the years
to better meet the needs of both students and their instructors, the underlying teaching methodologies
Jim established remain relevant, even in the Eleventh Edition.
Jim earned his bachelor’s degree at the University of Iowa (1948), and his master’s degree (1952)
and Ph.D. (1958) at Iowa State University. He joined the ISU faculty in 1948 and taught
electrical engineering there for 39 years.
He became an IEEE fellow in 1990 and earned the prestigious IEEE Undergraduate
Teaching Award in 1992.

For Anna
This page intentionally left blank
 Brief Contents
List of Examples 14
List of Tables 18
List of Analysis Methods 19
Preface 22
Chapter 1 Circuit Variables 30
Chapter 2 Circuit Elements 54
Chapter 3 Simple Resistive Circuits 86
Chapter 4 Techniques of Circuit Analysis 120
Chapter 5 The Operational Amplifier 178
Chapter 6 Inductance, Capacitance, and Mutual Inductance 210
Chapter 7 Response of First-Order RL and RC Circuits 248
Chapter 8 Natural and Step Responses of RLC Circuits 300
Chapter 9 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis 346
Chapter 10 Sinusoidal Steady-State Power Calculations 402
Chapter 11 Balanced Three-Phase Circuits 440
Chapter 12 Introduction to the Laplace Transform 472
Chapter 13 The Laplace Transform in Circuit Analysis 510
Chapter 14 Introduction to Frequency Selective Circuits 564
Chapter 15 Active Filter Circuits 600
Chapter 16 Fourier Series 646
Chapter 17 The Fourier Transform 688
Chapter 18 Two-Port Circuits 720
Appendix A The Solution of Linear Simultaneous Equations 746
Appendix B Complex Numbers 755
Appendix C More on Magnetically Coupled Coils and Ideal Transformers 761
Appendix D The Decibel 769
Appendix E Bode Diagrams 771
Appendix F An Abbreviated Table of Trigonometric Identities 785
Appendix G An Abbreviated Table of Integrals 786
Appendix H Common Standard Component Values 788
Answers to Selected Problems 789
Index 799

9
x

Contents
List of Examples 14 Practical Perspective: Resistive Touch
Screens 106
List of Tables 18 Summary 107
List of Analysis Methods 19 Problems 108

Preface 22 Chapter 4 Techniques of Circuit

Analysis 120
Chapter 1 Circuit Variables 30
Practical Perspective: Circuits with Realistic
Practical Perspective: Balancing Power 31 Resistors 121
1.1 Electrical Engineering: An Overview 32 4.1 Terminology 122
1.2 The International System of Units 37 4.2 Introduction to the Node-Voltage Method 124
1.3 Circuit Analysis: An Overview 39 4.3 The Node-Voltage Method
1.4 Voltage and Current 40 and Dependent Sources 126
1.5 The Ideal Basic Circuit Element 42 4.4 The Node-Voltage Method:
1.6 Power and Energy 43 Some Special Cases 128
Practical Perspective: Balancing Power 46 4.5 Introduction to the Mesh-Current Method 132
Summary 47 4.6 The Mesh-Current Method
Problems 48 and Dependent Sources 135
4.7 The Mesh-Current Method: Some
Chapter 2 Circuit Elements 54 Special Cases 136
Practical Perspective: Heating with Electric 4.8 The Node-Voltage Method Versus the
Radiators 55 Mesh-Current Method 140
2.1 Voltage and Current Sources 56 4.9 Source Transformations 143
2.2 Electrical Resistance (Ohm’s Law) 60 4.10 Thévenin and Norton Equivalents 146
2.3 Constructing a Circuit Model 64 4.11 More on Deriving the Thévenin Equivalent 151
2.4 Kirchhoff’s Laws 67 4.12 Maximum Power Transfer 154
2.5 Analyzing a Circuit Containing Dependent 4.13 Superposition 157
Sources 73 Practical Perspective: Circuits with Realistic
Practical Perspective: Heating with Electric Resistors 159
Radiators 76 Summary 162
Summary 78 Problems 164
Problems 78
Chapter 5 The Operational
Chapter 3 Simple Resistive Amplifier 178
Circuits 86 Practical Perspective: Sensors 179
Practical Perspective: Resistive Touch 5.1 Operational Amplifier Terminals 180
Screens 87 5.2 Terminal Voltages and Currents 180
3.1 Resistors in Series 88 5.3 The Inverting-Amplifier Circuit 184
3.2 Resistors in Parallel 89 5.4 The Summing-Amplifier Circuit 186
3.3 The Voltage-Divider 5.5 The Noninverting-Amplifier Circuit 188
and Current-Divider Circuits 92 5.6 The Difference-Amplifier Circuit 190
3.4 Voltage Division and Current Division 96 5.7 A More Realistic Model for the Operational
3.5 Measuring Voltage and Current 98 Amplifier 195
3.6 Measuring Resistance— Practical Perspective: Sensors 199
The Wheatstone Bridge 101 Summary 200
3.7 Delta-to-Wye (Pi-to-Tee) Equivalent Circuits 103 Problems 201

10
 Contents 11

Chapter 6 Inductance, Capacitance, 9.1 The Sinusoidal Source 348

9.2 The Sinusoidal Response 351
and Mutual Inductance 210
9.3 The Phasor 352
Practical Perspective: Capacitive Touch 9.4 The Passive Circuit Elements
Screens 211 in the Frequency Domain 355
6.1 The Inductor 212 9.5 Kirchhoff’s Laws in the Frequency
6.2 The Capacitor 217 Domain 360
6.3 Series-Parallel Combinations 9.6 Series, Parallel, and Delta-to-Wye
of Inductance and Capacitance 222 Simplifications 361
6.4 Mutual Inductance 227 9.7 Source Transformations and Thévenin–Norton
6.5 A Closer Look at Mutual Inductance 231 Equivalent Circuits 368
Practical Perspective: Capacitive Touch 9.8 The Node-Voltage Method 372
Screens 237 9.9 The Mesh-Current Method 373
Summary 239 9.10 The Transformer 375
Problems 240 9.11 The Ideal Transformer 379
9.12 Phasor Diagrams 385
Chapter 7 Response of First-Order Practical Perspective: A Household Distribution
RL and RC Circuits 248 Circuit 387
Practical Perspective: Artificial Pacemaker 249 Summary 389
7.1 The Natural Response of an RL Circuit 250 Problems 390
7.2 The Natural Response of an RC Circuit 256
7.3 The Step Response of RL and RC Circuits 261 Chapter 10 Sinusoidal Steady-State
7.4 A General Solution for Step and Natural Power Calculations 402
Responses 269 Practical Perspective: Vampire Power 403
7.5 Sequential Switching 274 10.1 Instantaneous Power 404
7.6 Unbounded Response 278 10.2 Average and Reactive Power 405
7.7 The Integrating Amplifier 280 10.3 The rms Value and Power Calculations 410
Practical Perspective: Artificial Pacemaker 283 10.4 Complex Power 412
Summary 284 10.5 Power Calculations 414
Problems 284 10.6 Maximum Power Transfer 421
Practical Perspective: Vampire Power 427
Chapter 8 Natural and Step Responses Summary 429
of RLC Circuits 300 Problems 429
Practical Perspective: Clock for Computer
Timing 301 Chapter 11 Balanced Three-Phase
8.1 Introduction to the Natural Response of a Circuits 440
Parallel RLC Circuit 302 Practical Perspective: Transmission and
8.2 The Forms of the Natural Response of a Distribution of Electric Power 441
Parallel RLC Circuit 306 11.1 Balanced Three-Phase
8.3 The Step Response of a Parallel RLC Circuit 317 Voltages 442
8.4 The Natural and Step Response of a Series RLC 11.2 Three-Phase Voltage Sources 443
Circuit 324 11.3 Analysis of the Wye-Wye Circuit 444
8.5 A Circuit with Two Integrating Amplifiers 331 11.4 Analysis of the Wye-Delta Circuit 450
Practical Perspective: Clock for Computer 11.5 Power Calculations in Balanced Three-
Timing 336 Phase Circuits 453
Summary 337 11.6 Measuring Average Power in Three-Phase
Problems 338 Circuits 458
Practical Perspective: Transmission and
Chapter 9 Sinusoidal Steady-State Distribution of Electric Power 461
Analysis 346 Summary 463
Practical Perspective: A Household Distribution Problems 464
Circuit 347
12 Contents

Chapter 12 Introduction to the Laplace 15.1 First-Order Low-Pass

and High-Pass Filters 602
Transform 472
15.2 Scaling 605
Practical Perspective: Transient Effects 473 15.3 Op Amp Bandpass
12.1 Definition of the Laplace Transform 474 and Bandreject Filters 608
12.2 The Step Function 475 15.4 Higher-Order Op Amp Filters 615
12.3 The Impulse Function 477 15.5 Narrowband Bandpass
12.4 Functional Transforms 480 and Bandreject Filters 628
12.5 Operational Transforms 481 Practical Perspective: Bass Volume
12.6 Applying the Laplace Transform 486 Control 633
12.7 Inverse Transforms 488 Summary 636
12.8 Poles and Zeros of F(s) 498 Problems 637
12.9 Initial- and Final-Value Theorems 500
Practical Perspective: Transient Effects 502 Chapter 16 Fourier Series 646
Summary 504
Practical Perspective: Active High-Q
Problems 505
Filters 647
16.1 Fourier Series Analysis:
Chapter 13 The Laplace Transform
An Overview 649
in Circuit Analysis 510 16.2 The Fourier Coefficients 650
Practical Perspective: Surge Suppressors 511 16.3 The Effect of Symmetry
13.1 Circuit Elements in the s Domain 512 on the Fourier Coefficients 653
13.2 Circuit Analysis in the s Domain 514 16.4 An Alternative Trigonometric Form of the
13.3 Applications 516 Fourier Series 659
13.4 The Transfer Function 528 16.5 An Application 661
13.5 The Transfer Function in Partial Fraction 16.6 Average-Power Calculations
Expansions 530 with Periodic Functions 667
13.6 The Transfer Function and the Convolution 16.7 The rms Value of a Periodic Function 669
Integral 533 16.8 The Exponential Form of the Fourier
13.7 The Transfer Function and the Steady-State Series 670
Sinusoidal Response 539 16.9 Amplitude and Phase Spectra 673
13.8 The Impulse Function in Circuit Analysis 542 Practical Perspective: Active High-Q
Practical Perspective: Surge Suppressors 548 Filters 675
Summary 549 Summary 677
Problems 550 Problems 678

Chapter 14 Introduction to Frequency Chapter 17 The Fourier Transform 688

Selective Circuits 564 Practical Perspective: Filtering Digital
Practical Perspective: Pushbutton Telephone Signals 689
Circuits 565 17.1 The Derivation of the Fourier Transform 690
14.1 Some Preliminaries 566 17.2 The Convergence of the Fourier Integral 692
14.2 Low-Pass Filters 567 17.3 Using Laplace Transforms
14.3 High-Pass Filters 573 to Find Fourier Transforms 694
14.4 Bandpass Filters 578 17.4 Fourier Transforms in the Limit 696
14.5 Bandreject Filters 588 17.5 Some Mathematical Properties 699
Practical Perspective: Pushbutton Telephone 17.6 Operational Transforms 700
Circuits 592 17.7 Circuit Applications 705
Summary 592 17.8 Parseval’s Theorem 707
Problems 593 Practical Perspective: Filtering Digital
Signals 713
Chapter 15 Active Filter Circuits 600 Summary 714
Problems 714
Practical Perspective: Bass Volume
Control 601
 Contents 13

Chapter 18 Two-Port Circuits 720 C.2 The Need for Ideal Transformers
in the Equivalent Circuits 765
Practical Perspective: Characterizing
an Unknown Circuit 721
18.1 The Terminal Equations 722
Appendix D The Decibel 769
18.2 The Two-Port Parameters 723
18.3 Analysis of the Terminated Appendix E Bode Diagrams 771
Two-Port Circuit 731 E.1 Real, First-Order Poles and Zeros 771
18.4 Interconnected Two-Port Circuits 736 E.2 Straight-Line Amplitude Plots 772
Practical Perspective: Characterizing E.3 More Accurate Amplitude Plots 775
an Unknown Circuit 739 E.4 Straight-Line Phase Angle Plots 776
Summary 740 E.5 Bode Diagrams: Complex Poles and Zeros 778
Problems 741 E.6 Straight-Line Amplitude Plots for Complex
Poles 779
Appendix A The Solution of Linear E.7 Correcting Straight-Line Amplitude Plots for
Simultaneous Complex Poles 780
E.8 Phase Angle Plots for Complex Poles 782
Equations 746
A.1 Preliminary Steps 746 Appendix F An Abbreviated Table
A.2 Calculator and Computer Methods 747
A.3 Paper-and-Pencil Methods 749
of Trigonometric
A.4 Applications 751 Identities 785

Appendix B Complex Numbers 755 Appendix G An Abbreviated Table of

B.1 Notation 755 Integrals 786
B.2 The Graphical Representation of a Complex
Number 756 Appendix H Common Standard
B.3 Arithmetic Operations 757
B.4 Useful Identities 758
Component Values 788
B.5 The Integer Power of a Complex Number 759
B.6 The Roots of a Complex Number 759 Answers to Selected Problems 789

Appendix C More on Magnetically Index 799

Coupled Coils and Ideal
Transformers 761
C.1 Equivalent Circuits for Magnetically
Coupled Coils 761
List of Examples
Chapter 1 4.2 Using Essential Nodes and Essential Branches
to Write Simultaneous Equations 123
1.1 Using SI Units and Prefixes for Powers of 10 39
4.3 Using the Node-Voltage Method 125
1.2 Relating Current and Charge 43
4.4 Using the Node-Voltage Method with
1.3 Using the Passive Sign Convention 45
Dependent Sources 127
1.4 Relating Voltage, Current, Power, and Energy 45
4.5 Node-Voltage Analysis of the Amplifier
Chapter 2 Circuit 130
4.6 Using the Mesh-Current Method 134
2.1 Testing Interconnections of Ideal Sources 58 4.7 Using the Mesh-Current Method with
2.2 Testing Interconnections of Ideal Independent Dependent Sources 135
and Dependent Sources 59 4.8 A Special Case in the Mesh-Current Method 136
2.3 Calculating Voltage, Current, and Power for a 4.9 Mesh-Current Analysis of the Amplifier
Simple Resistive Circuit 62 Circuit 139
2.4 Constructing a Circuit Model of a Flashlight 64 4.10 Understanding the Node-Voltage Method
2.5 Constructing a Circuit Model Based on Terminal Versus Mesh-Current Method 141
Measurements 66 4.11 Comparing the Node-Voltage and Mesh-Current
2.6 Using Kirchhoff’s Current Law 69 Methods 142
2.7 Using Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 70 4.12 Using Source Transformations to Solve a
2.8 Applying Ohm’s Law and Kirchhoff’s Laws to Circuit 144
Find an Unknown Current 70 4.13 Using Special Source Transformation
2.9 Constructing a Circuit Model Based on Terminal Techniques 145
Measurements 71 4.14 Finding a Thévenin Equivalent 148
2.10 Analyzing a Circuit with a Dependent Source 73 4.15 Finding a Norton Equivalent 149
2.11 Applying Ohm’s Law and Kirchhoff’s Laws to 4.16 Finding the Thévenin Equivalent of a Circuit
Find an Unknown Voltage 74 with a Dependent Source 150
2.12 Applying Ohm’s Law and Kirchhoff’s Law in an 4.17 Finding the Thévenin Equivalent Resistance
Amplifier Circuit 75 Directly from the Circuit 151
4.18 Finding the Thévenin Equivalent Resistance
Chapter 3 Using a Test Source 152
3.1 Applying Series-Parallel Simplification 90 4.19 Finding the Thévenin Equivalent of a Circuit
3.2 Solving a Circuit Using Series-Parallel with Dependent Sources and Resistors 152
Simplification 91 4.20 Using a Thévenin Equivalent to Analyze the
3.3 Designing a Simple Voltage Divider 93 Amplifier Circuit 153
3.4 Adding a Resistive Load to a Voltage Divider 93 4.21 Calculating the Condition for Maximum Power
3.5 The Effect of Resistor Tolerance on the Transfer 155
Voltage-Divider Circuit 94 4.22 Using Superposition to Solve a Circuit 157
3.6 Designing a Current-Divider Circuit 95 4.23 Using Superposition to Solve a Circuit with
3.7 Using Voltage Division and Current Division Dependent Sources 158
to Solve a Circuit 97
3.8 Using a d’Arsonval Ammeter 99 Chapter 5
3.9 Using a d’Arsonval Voltmeter 100
5.1 Analyzing an Op Amp Circuit 183
3.10 Using a Wheatstone Bridge to Measure
5.2 Designing an Inverting Amplifier 185
Resistance 103
5.3 Designing a Summing Amplifier 187
3.11 Applying a Delta-to-Wye Transform 105
5.4 Designing a Noninverting Amplifier 189
Chapter 4 5.5 Designing a Difference Amplifier 191
5.6 Calculating the CMRR 195
4.1 Identifying Node, Branch, Mesh, and Loop in a 5.7 Analyzing a Noninverting-Amplifier Circuit using
Circuit 122 a Realistic Op Amp Model 197
14
 List of Examples 15

Chapter 6 8.2 Finding the Overdamped Natural Response of a

Parallel RLC Circuit 308
6.1 Determining the Voltage, Given the Current, at
8.3 Calculating Branch Currents in the Natural
the Terminals of an Inductor 212
Response of a Parallel RLC Circuit 309
6.2 Determining the Current, Given the Voltage, at
8.4 Finding the Underdamped Natural Response of
the Terminals of an Inductor 214
a Parallel RLC Circuit 312
6.3 Determining the Current, Voltage, Power, and
8.5 Finding the Critically Damped Natural Response
Energy for an Inductor 215
of a Parallel RLC Circuit 316
6.4 Determining Current, Voltage, Power, and
8.6 Finding the Overdamped Step Response of a
Energy for a Capacitor 219
Parallel RLC Circuit 321
6.5 Finding V, p, and W Induced by a Triangular
8.7 Finding the Underdamped Step Response of a
Current Pulse for a Capacitor 220
Parallel RLC Circuit 322
6.6 Finding the Equivalent Inductance 224
8.8 Finding the Critically Damped Step Response of
6.7 Finding the Equivalent Capacitance 225
a Parallel RLC Circuit 322
6.8 Finding Mesh-Current Equations for a Circuit
8.9 Comparing the Three-Step Response
with Magnetically Coupled Coils 229
Forms 323
6.9 Calculating the Coupling Coefficient and Stored
8.10 Finding Step Response of a Parallel RLC Circuit
Energy for Magnetically Coupled Coils 237
with Initial Stored Energy 323
8.11 Finding the Natural Response of a Series RLC
Chapter 7 Circuit 330
7.1 Determining the Natural Response of an RL 8.12 Finding the Step Response of a Series RLC
Circuit 252 Circuit 330
7.2 Determining the Natural Response of an RL 8.13 Analyzing Two Cascaded Integrating
Circuit with Parallel Inductors 255 Amplifiers 333
7.3 Determining the Natural Response of an RC 8.14 Analyzing Two Cascaded Integrating Amplifiers
Circuit 258 with Feedback Resistors 335
7.4 Determining the Natural Response of an RC
Circuit with Series Capacitors 259
7.5 Determining the Step Response of an RL
Chapter 9
Circuit 262 9.1 Finding the Characteristics of a Sinusoidal
7.6 Determining the Step Response of an RC Current 349
Circuit 267 9.2 Finding the Characteristics of a Sinusoidal
7.7 Using the General Solution Method to Find an Voltage 350
RL Circuit’s Natural Response 270 9.3 Translating a Sine Expression to a Cosine
7.8 Using the General Solution Method to Find an Expression 350
RC Circuit’s Step Response 271 9.4 Calculating the rms Value of a Triangular
7.9 Using the General Solution Method to Find an Waveform 350
RL Circuit’s Step Response 272 9.5 Adding Cosines Using Phasors 354
7.10 Determining the Step Response of a Circuit with 9.6 Calculating Component Voltages Using Phasor
Magnetically Coupled Coils 273 Techniques 359
7.11 Analyzing an RL Circuit that has Sequential 9.7 Using KVL in the Frequency Domain 361
Switching 275 9.8 Combining Impedances in Series 362
7.12 Analyzing an RC Circuit that has Sequential 9.9 Combining Impedances in Series and in
Switching 277 Parallel 365
7.13 Finding the Unbounded Response in an RC 9.10 Using a Delta-to-Wye Transform in the
Circuit 279 Frequency Domain 367
7.14 Analyzing an Integrating Amplifier 281 9.11 Performing Source Transformations in the
7.15 Analyzing an Integrating Amplifier that has Frequency Domain 369
Sequential Switching 281 9.12 Finding a Thévenin Equivalent in the Frequency
Domain 370
9.13 Using the Node-Voltage Method in the
Chapter 8 Frequency Domain 372
8.1 Finding the Roots of the Characteristic Equation 9.14 Using the Mesh-Current Method in the
of a Parallel RLC Circuit 305 Frequency Domain 374
16 List of Examples

9.15 Analyzing a Linear Transformer in the Frequency 12.6 Finding the Inverse Laplace Transform when
Domain 377 F(s) has Repeated Complex Roots 496
9.16 Analyzing an Ideal Transformer Circuit in the 12.7 Finding the Inverse Laplace Transform of an
Frequency Domain 383 Improper Rational Function 498
9.17 Using Phasor Diagrams to Analyze a Circuit 385 12.8 Finding and Plotting the Poles and Zeros of an
9.18 Using Phasor Diagrams to Analyze Capacitive s-Domain Function 499
Loading Effects 386 12.9 Applying the Initial- and Final-Value
Theorems 502
Chapter 10
10.1 Calculating Average and Reactive Power 408 Chapter 13
10.2 Making Power Calculations Involving Household 13.1 Transforming a Circuit into the s Domain 516
Appliances 410 13.2 The Natural Response of an RC Circuit 517
10.3 Determining Average Power Delivered to a 13.3 The Step Response of an RLC Circuit 517
Resistor by a Sinusoidal Voltage 412 13.4 Analyzing a Circuit with a Sinusoidal
10.4 Calculating Complex Power 413 Source 519
10.5 Calculating Power Using Phasor Voltage and 13.5 Analyzing a Circuit with Multiple Meshes 521
Current 415 13.6 Creating a Thévenin Equivalent in the s
10.6 Calculating Average and Reactive Power 417 Domain 523
10.7 Calculating Power in Parallel Loads 418 13.7 Analyzing a Circuit with Mutual Inductance 525
10.8 Balancing Power Delivered with Power 13.8 Applying Superposition in the s Domain 527
Absorbed in an AC Circuit 419 13.9 Deriving the Transfer Function of a Circuit 529
10.9 Determining Maximum Power Transfer without 13.10 Analyzing the Transfer Function of a
Load Restrictions 423 Circuit 531
10.10 Determining Maximum Power Transfer with 13.11 Using the Convolution Integral to Find an
Load Impedance Restriction 424 Output Signal 537
10.11 Finding Maximum Power Transfer with 13.12 Using the Transfer Function to Find the
Impedance Angle Restrictions 424 Steady-State Sinusoidal Response 541
10.12 Finding Maximum Power Transfer in a Circuit 13.13 A Series Inductor Circuit with an Impulsive
with an Ideal Transformer 425 Response 543
13.14 A Circuit with Both Internally Generated and
Chapter 11 Externally Applied Impulses 546
11.1 Analyzing a Wye-Wye Circuit 448
11.2 Analyzing a Wye-Delta Circuit 451 Chapter 14
11.3 Calculating Power in a Three-Phase Wye-Wye 14.1 Designing a Low-Pass Filter 571
Circuit 456 14.2 Designing a Series RC Low-Pass Filter 572
11.4 Calculating Power in a Three-Phase Wye-Delta 14.3 Designing a Series RL High-Pass Filter 575
Circuit 456 14.4 Loading the Series RL High-Pass Filter 576
11.5 Calculating Three-Phase Power with an 14.5 Designing a Bandpass Filter 583
Unspecified Load 457 14.6 Designing a Parallel RLC Bandpass Filter 583
11.6 Computing Wattmeter Readings in Three-Phase 14.7 Determining Effect of a Nonideal Voltage
Circuits 460 Source on a RLC Bandpass Filter 585
14.8 Designing a Series RLC Bandreject Filter 590
Chapter 12
12.1 Using Step Functions to Represent a Function Chapter 15
of Finite Duration 476 15.1 Designing a Low-Pass Op Amp Filter 603
12.2 Using Laplace Transforms to Predict a Circuit’s 15.2 Designing a High-Pass Op Amp Filter 604
Response 488 15.3 Scaling a Series RLC Filter 606
12.3 Finding the Inverse Laplace Transform when 15.4 Scaling a Prototype Low-Pass Op Amp
F(s) has Distinct Real Roots 490 Filter 607
12.4 Finding the Inverse Laplace Transform when 15.5 Designing a Broadband Bandpass Op Amp
F(s) has Distinct Complex Roots 493 Filter 611
12.5 Finding the Inverse Laplace Transform when 15.6 Designing a Broadband Bandreject Op Amp
F(s) has Repeated Real Roots 495 Filter 614
 List of Examples 17

15.7 Designing a Fourth-Order Low-Pass Active Chapter 17

Filter 617
17.1 Finding the Fourier Transform of a
15.8 Calculating Butterworth Transfer Functions 620
Constant 693
15.9 Designing a Fourth-Order Low-Pass
17.2 Finding the Fourier Transform from the Laplace
Butterworth Filter 622
Transform 695
15.10 Determining the Order of a Butterworth
17.3 Deriving an Operational Fourier Transform 703
Filter 625
17.4 Using the Fourier Transform to Find the
15.11 An Alternate Approach to Determining the
Transient Response 705
Order of a Butterworth Filter 625
17.5 Using the Fourier Transform to Find the
15.12 Designing a Butterworth Bandpass Filter 627
Sinusoidal Steady-State Response 706
15.13 Designing a High-Q Bandpass Filter 630
17.6 Applying Parseval’s Theorem 709
15.14 Designing a High-Q Bandreject Filter 632
17.7 Applying Parseval’s Theorem to an Ideal
Bandpass Filter 710
Chapter 16 17.8 Applying Parseval’s Theorem to a Low-Pass
16.1 Finding the Fourier Series of a Triangular Filter 711
Waveform 651 17.9 Calculating Energy Contained in a Rectangular
16.2 Finding the Fourier Series of a Periodic Function Voltage Pulse 712
with Symmetry 658
16.3 Calculating Forms of the Trigonometric Fourier
Series for Periodic Voltage 660 Chapter 18
16.4 Finding the Response of an RLC Circuit to a 18.1 Finding the z Parameters of a Two-Port
Square-Wave Voltage 665 Circuit 724
16.5 Calculating Average Power for a Circuit with a 18.2 Finding the a Parameters from
Periodic Voltage Source 668 Measurements 725
16.6 Estimating the rms Value of a Periodic 18.3 Finding h Parameters from Measurements
Function 670 and Table 18.1 728
16.7 Finding the Exponential Form of the Fourier 18.4 Determining Whether a Circuit Is Reciprocal
Series 672 and Symmetric 729
16.8 Plotting the Amplitude and Phase Spectra for a 18.5 Analyzing a Terminated Two-Port Circuit 735
Periodic Voltage 674 18.6 Analyzing Cascaded Two-Port Circuits 738
List of Tables
1.1 The International System of Units (SI) 38 9.2 Admittance and Susceptance Values 364

1.2 Derived Units in SI 38 9.3 Impedance and Related Values 389

1.3 Standardized Prefixes to Signify 10.1 Annual Energy Requirements of Electric

Powers of 10 38 Household Appliances 409

1.4 Interpretation of Reference Directions in 10.2 Three Power Quantities and Their Units 413
Fig. 1.5 42
10.3 Average Power Consumption of Common
1.5 Voltage and Current Values for the Circuit in Electrical Devices 427
Fig. 1.7 47
12.1 An Abbreviated List of Laplace Transform
4.1 Terms for Describing Circuits 123 Pairs 481

4.2 PSpice Sensitivity Analysis Results 161 12.2 An Abbreviated List of Operational
Transforms 486
4.3 Steps in the Node-Voltage Method and the
Mesh-Current Method 163 12.3 Four Useful Transform Pairs 497

6.1 Inductor and Capacitor Duality 226 13.1 Summary of the s-Domain Equivalent
Circuits 514
7.1 Value of e-t>t For t Equal to Integral
Multiples of t 254 14.1 Input and Output Voltage Magnitudes for Several
Frequencies 571
8.1 Natural-Response Parameters of the Parallel
RLC Circuit 304 15.1 Normalized (so that vc = 1 rad>s) Butterworth
Polynomials up to the Eighth Order 621
8.2 Equations for Analyzing the Natural Response of
Parallel RLC Circuits 316 17.1 Fourier Transforms of Elementary
Functions 698
8.3 Equations for Analyzing the Step Response
of Parallel RLC Circuits 321 17.2 Operational Transforms 703

8.4 Equations for Analyzing the Natural Response of 18.1 Parameter Conversion Table 727
Series RLC Circuits 327
18.2 Two-Port Parameter Relationships for Reciprocal
8.5 Equations for Analyzing the Step Response of Circuits 729
Series RLC Circuits 329
18.3 Terminated Two-Port Equations 732
9.1 Impedance and Reactance Values 359

18
List of Analysis Methods
Analysis Method 4.1: The Basic Version of the
Node-Voltage Method 125
Analysis Method 4.2: Modified Step 3 for the
Node-Voltage Method 127
Analysis Method 4.3: Complete Form of the
Node-Voltage Method 130
Analysis Method 4.4: The Basic Version of the
Mesh-Current Method 133
Analysis Method 4.5: Modified Step 3 for the
Mesh-Current Method 135
Analysis Method 4.6: Complete Form of the
Mesh-Current Method 138
Analysis Method 5.1: Analyzing an Ideal Op Amp
Circuit with a Negative
Feedback Path 182
Analysis Method 7.1: Finding the RL Natural
Response 252
Analysis Method 7.2: Finding the RC Natural
Response 258
Analysis Method 7.3: Finding the RL Step
Response 262
Analysis Method 7.4: Finding the RC Step
Response 266
Analysis Method 7.5: Finding the RL and RC Natural
and Step Response 270
Analysis Method 8.1: The Natural Response of an
Overdamped Parallel RLC
Circuit 308
Analysis Method 8.2: The Natural Response of
an Overdamped or
Underdamped Parallel RLC
Circuit 311
Analysis Method 8.3: The Natural Response of
Parallel RLC Circuits 315
Analysis Method 8.4: The Step Response of Parallel
RLC Circuits 320
Analysis Method 8.5: The Natural Response of
Series RLC Circuits 327
Analysis Method 8.6: The Step Response of Series
RLC Circuits 329
Analysis Method 13.1: Laplace-Transform Circuit
Analysis Method 515
19
Combine this...
With the Power of
Mastering Engineering for Electric Circuits 11/e
Mastering is the teaching and learning platform that empowers every student.
By combining trusted authors’ content with digital tools developed to engage
students and emulate the office hours experience, Mastering personalizes
learning and improves results for each student.

Empower each learner

Each student learns at a different pace. Personalized learning, including adaptive
tools and wrong-answer feedback, pinpoints the precise areas where each student
needs practice, giving all students the support they need — when and where they
need it — to be successful.

Learn more at www.pearson.com/mastering/engineering

Preface
The Eleventh Edition of Electric Circuits represents the most extensive re-
vision to the text since the Fifth Edition, published in 1996. Every sentence,
paragraph, subsection, and chapter has been examined to improve clarity,
readability, and pedagogy. Yet the fundamental goals of the text are un-
changed. These goals are:
• To build new concepts and ideas on concepts previously presented.
This challenges students to see the explicit connections among the
many circuit analysis tools and methods.
• To develop problem-solving skills that rely on a solid conceptual
foundation. This challenges students to examine many different ap-
proaches to solving a problem before writing a single equation.
• To introduce realistic engineering experiences at every opportunity.
This challenges students to develop the insights of a practicing engi-
neer and exposes them to practice of engineering.

Why This Edition?

The Eleventh Edition of Electric Circuits incorporates the following new
and revised elements:
• Analysis Methods – This new feature identifies the steps needed to
apply a particular circuit analysis technique. Many students struggle
just to get started when analyzing a circuit, and the analysis methods
will reduce that struggle. Some of the analysis methods that are used
most often can be found inside the book’s covers for easy reference.
• Examples – Many students rely on examples when developing and
refining their problem-solving skills. We identified many places in the
text that needed additional examples, and as a result the number of
examples has increased by nearly 35% to 200.
• End-of-chapter problems – Problem solving is fundamental to the
study of circuit analysis. Having a wide variety of problems to assign
and work is a key to success in any circuits course. Therefore, some
existing end-of-chapter problems were revised, and some new end-
of-chapter problems were added. Approximately 30% of the prob-
lems in the Eleventh Edition were rewritten.
• Fundamental equations and concepts – These important elements in
the text were previously identified with margin notes. In this edition,
the margin notes have been replaced by a second-color background,
enlarged fonts, and a descriptive title for each fundamental equation
and concept. In additional, many equation numbers have been elim-
inated to make it easier to distinguish fundamental equations from
the many other equations in the text.
• Circuit simulation software – The PSpice ® and Multisim ® manu-
als have been revised to include screenshots from the most recent
versions of these software simulation applications. Each manual
presents the simulation material in the same order as the material is
encountered in the text. These manuals include example simulations
of circuits from the text. Icons identify end-of-chapter problems that
are good candidates for simulation using either PSpice or Multisim.
22
 Preface 23

• Solving simultaneous equations – Most circuit analysis techniques in

this text eventually require you to solve two or more simultaneous
linear algebraic equations. Appendix A has been extensively revised
and includes examples of paper-and-pencil techniques, calculator
techniques, and computer software techniques.
• Student Study Guides – Students who could benefit from additional
examples and practice problems can use the Student Study Guides,
which have been revised for the Eleventh Edition of the text. These
guides have examples and problems covering the following material:
balancing power, simple resistive circuits, node voltage method, mesh
current method, Thévenin and Norton equivalents, op amp circuits,
first-order circuits, second-order circuits, AC steady-state analysis,
and Laplace transform circuit analysis.
• The Student Study Guides now include access to Video Solutions –
complete, step-by-step solution walkthroughs to representative
homework problems.
• Learning Catalytics – a “bring your own device” student engagement,
assessment, and classroom intelligence system – is available with the
Eleventh Edition. With Learning Catalytics you can:
• Use open-ended questions to get into the minds of students to un-
derstand what they do or don’t know, and adjust lectures accordingly.
• Use a wide variety of question types to have students sketch a
graph, annotate a circuit diagram, compose numeric or algebraic
answers, and more.
• Access rich analytics to understand student performance.
• Use pre-built questions or add your own to make Learning Cata-
lytics fit your course exactly.
• Pearson Mastering Engineering is an online tutorial and assessment
program that provides students with personalized feedback and hints
and instructors with diagnostics to track students’ progress. With the
Eleventh Edition, Mastering Engineering will offer new enhanced end-
of-chapter problems with hints and feedback, Coaching Activities, and
Adaptive Follow-Up assignments. Visit www.masteringengineering.com
for more information.

Hallmark Features
Analysis Methods
Students encountering circuit analysis for the first time can benefit from
step-by-step directions that lead them to a problem’s solution. We have
compiled these directions in a collection of analysis methods, and revised
many of the examples in the text to employ these analysis methods.

Chapter Problems
Users of Electric Circuits have consistently rated the Chapter Problems as
one of the book’s most attractive features. In the Eleventh Edition, there
are 1185 end-of-chapter problems with approximately 30% that have been
revised from the previous edition. Problems are organized at the end of
each chapter by section.

Practical Perspectives
The Eleventh Edition continues using Practical Perspectives to introduce
the chapter. They provide real-world circuit examples, taken from real-world
devices. Every chapter begins by describing a practical application of the
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
the Heir of Lincoln had to quit a saxophone lesson to see him. But it
must be obvious that young John’s eminence, such as it is, is almost
purely fortuitous and unearned. He is attended to simply because he
happens to be the son of old John, and hence heir to a large fortune.
So far as the records show, he has never said anything in his life that
was beyond the talents of a Rotary Club orator or a newspaper
editorial writer, or done anything that would have strained an
intelligent bookkeeper. He is, to all intents and purposes, a vacuum,
and yet he is known to more people, and especially to more people
of means, than Wagner, and admired and envied vastly more by all
classes.
Between Wagner and young John there are infinite gradations, and
sometimes it is a hard matter to distinguish between them. To most
Americans, I daresay, a Harding or a Coolidge appears to enjoy an
eminence that is not only more gaudy but also more solid than that
of, say, an Einstein. When Einstein visited the United States, a few
years ago, he was taken to see Harding as a sort of treat, and many
worthy patriots, no doubt, regarded it as somewhat too rich for him,
an enemy alien and a Jew. If Thomas Hardy came here to-morrow,
his publisher would undoubtedly try to get an invitation to the White
House for him, not merely to advertise his books but also to honor
the man. Yet it must be plain that the eminence of Coolidge, however
vastly it may be whooped up by gentlemen of enlightened self-
interest, is actually greatly inferior to that of either Einstein or Hardy.
These men owe whatever fame they have to actual
accomplishments. There is no doubt whatever that what they have is
wholly theirs. They owe nothing to anyone, and no conceivable
series of accidents could have made them what they are. If
superiority exists among men, then they are indubitably superior. But
is there any sign of superiority in Coolidge? I can find none. His
eminence is due entirely to two things: first, a series of accidents,
and secondly, the possession of qualities that, in themselves, do not
mark a superior man, but an inferior. He is a cheap, sordid and
grasping politician, a seeker of jobs all his life, willing to do almost
anything imaginable to get them. He has never said a word worth
hearing, or done a thing requiring genius, or even ordinary skill. Put
into his place and given the opportunities that have arisen before him
in a long succession, any other ninth-rate lawyer in the land could
have got as far as he has got.
Now for my point. It is, in brief, that the public estimation of eminence
runs almost directly in inverse ratio to its genuineness. That is to say,
the sort of eminence that the mob esteems most highly is precisely
the sort that has least grounding in solid worth and honest
accomplishment. And the reason therefor is not far to seek. The kind
of eminence that it admires is simply the kind that it can understand
—the kind that it can aspire to. The very puerility of a Coolidge, in
fact, is one of the principal causes of the admiration he excites. What
he has done in the world is within the capacities, given luck enough,
of any John Smith. His merits, such as they are, are almost
universal, and hence perfectly comprehensible. But what a Wagner
or an Einstein does is wholly beyond the understanding of an
ordinary ignoramus, and so it is impossible for the ignoramus to
admire it. Worse, it tends to arouse his suspicion, and hence his
animosity. He is not merely indifferent to the merits of a Wagner; he
will, if any attempt is made to force them upon his attention,
challenge them sharply. What he admires fundamentally, in other
words, is himself, and in a Coolidge, a Harding, a baseball pitcher, a
movie actor, an archbishop, or a bank president he can see himself.
He can see himself, too, though perhaps more dimly, in a Dewey, a
Pershing, a Rockefeller or a Jack Dempsey. But he can no more see
himself in a Wagner or an Einstein than he can see himself on the
throne of the Romanoffs, and so he suspects and dislikes such men,
as he suspects and dislikes Romanoffs.
Unluckily, it is one thing to denounce his stupidity, and quite another
thing to escape its consequences. The history of mankind is peopled
chiefly, not with the genuinely great men of the race, but with the
flashy and hollow fellows who appealed to the mob. Every American
remembers vividly the contribution that Theodore Roosevelt made to
the building of the Panama Canal—a contribution that might have
been made by any other American thrown fortuitously into his place,
assuming only that the substitute shared his normal American lack of
a sense of honor. But who remembers the name of the man who
actually designed the canal? I turn to the New International
Encyclopedia and find nine whole pages about the canal, with many
drawings. There is eloquent mention of Col. Goethals—who simply
carried out the designer’s plans. There is mention, too, of Col.
Gorgas—whose sanitary work was a simple application of other
men’s ideas. There is ample space for Roosevelt, and his
blackjacking of Colombia. But so far as I can find, the name of the
designer is not there. The mob did not admire him, and so history
has overlooked him.

5
An Historic Blunder
The Southern gentry made a thumping mistake when, after the Civil
War, they disfranchised the blacks. Had they permitted the latter to
vote, they would have retained political control of all the Southern
States, for the blacks, like the peasants everywhere else, would
have followed their natural masters. As it was, control quickly passed
to the poor white trash, who still maintain it, though many of them
have ceased to be poor. The gentry struggle in vain to get back in
the saddle; they lack the votes to achieve the business unaided, and
the blacks, who were ready to follow them in 1870, are now incurably
suspicious of them. The result is that politics in the South remain
fathomlessly swinish. Every civilized Southerner knows it and is
ashamed of it, but the time has apparently passed to do anything
about it. To get rid of its Bleases, Mayfields, Slemps, Peays and
Vardamans, the South must wait until the white trash are themselves
civilized. This is a matter demanding almost as much patience as the
long vigil of the Seventh Day Adventists.

6
On Cynicism
One of the most curious of human delusions lies in the theory that
cynics are unhappy men—that cynicism makes for a general
biliousness and malaise. It is a false deduction, I believe, from the
obvious fact that cynics make other men unhappy. But they are
themselves among the most comfortable and serene of mammals;
perhaps only bishops, pet dogs and actors are happier. For what a
cynic believes, though it may be too dreadful to be put into formal
words, at least usually has the merit of being true—and truth is ever
a rock, hard and harsh, but solid under the feet. A cynic is chronically
in the position of a wedding guest who has known the bride for nine
years, and has had her confidence. He is a great deal less happy,
theoretically, than the bridegroom. The bridegroom, beautifully
barbered and arrayed, is about to launch into the honeymoon. But
the cynic looks ahead two weeks, two months, two years. Such, to
borrow a phrase from the late Dr. Eliot, are the durable satisfactions
of life.

7
Music and Sin
Among Christian workers and other intellectual cripples the delusion
seems to persist that jazz is highly aphrodisiacal. I never encounter a
sermon on the subject without finding it full of dark warnings to
parents, urging them to keep their nubile daughters out of the jazz
palaces on the ground that the voluptuous music will inflame their
passions and so make them easy prey to bond salesmen, musicians
and other such carnal fellows. All this seems to me to be nonsense.
Jazz, in point of fact, is not voluptuous at all. Its monotonous rhythm
and puerile tunes make it a sedative rather than a stimulant. If it is an
aphrodisiac, then the sound of riveting is also an aphrodisiac. What
fetches the flappers who come to grief in the jazz parlors is not the
music at all, but the alcohol. Drinking it out of flasks in the
washrooms, they fail to keep the dose in harmony with their natural
resistance, and so they lose control of their faculties, and what
follows is lamentable. Jazz, which came in with Prohibition, gets the
blame that belongs to its partner. In the old days, when it was
uncommon for refined women to get drunk at dances, it would have
been quite harmless. To-day even Chopin’s funeral march would be
dangerous.
The truth is that jazz is probably the least voluptuous variety of music
commonly heard in Christendom. There are plenty of Methodist
hymns that are ten times as aphrodisiacal, and the fact is proved by
the scandals that follow every camp-meeting. In most parts of the
United States, indeed, the Methodists have begun to abandon camp-
meetings as subversive of morality. Where they still flourish it is not
unusual for even the rev. clergy to be taken in byzantine practices.
But so-called good music is yet worse than the Methodist hymns.
Has the world so soon forgotten James Huneker’s story of the
prudent opera mamma who refused to let her daughter sing Isolde,
on the ground that no woman could ever get through the second act
without forgetting God? That second act, even so, is much
overestimated. There are piano pieces of Chopin that are a hundred
times worse; if the Comstocks really had any sense, they would
forbid their performance. And what of the late Puccini? If “La
Bohème” is not an aphrodisiac, then what is it? Yet it is sung publicly
all over the world. Only in Atlanta, Ga., is there a law against it, and
even that law was probably inspired by the fact that it was written by
a Catholic and not by the fact that it has brought hundreds of
thousands of Christian women to the edge of the abyss.
Old Ludwig himself was not without guilt. His “Egmont” overture is a
gross and undisguised appeal to the medulla oblongata. And what of
his symphonies and quartettes? The last movement of his Eroica is
not only voluptuous to the last degree; it is also Bolshevistic. Try to
play it with your eyes on a portrait of Dr. Coolidge. You will find the
thing as impossible as eating ice-cream on roast beef. At the time of
its first performance in Vienna the moral sense of the community
was so greatly outraged that Beethoven had to get out of town for a
while. I pass over Wagner, whose “Tristan und Isolde” was probably
his most decorous work, despite Huneker—think of “Parsifal”!—and
come to Richard Strauss. Here I need offer no argument: his
“Salomé” and “Elektra” have been prohibited by the police, at one
time or another, in nearly every country in the world. I believe that
“Der Rosenkavalier” is still worse, though the police leave it
unmolested. Compare its first act to the most libidinous jazz ever
heard of on Broadway. It is like comparing vodka to ginger-pop. No
woman who hears it is ever the same again. She may remain within
the law, but her thoughts are wayward henceforth. Into her ear the
sirens have poured their abominable song. She has been beset by
witches. There is a sinister glitter in her eye.

8
The Champion
Of the forty-eight sovereign States of this imperial Federation, which
is the worst? In what one of them is a civilized man most
uncomfortable? Over half the votes, if the question were put to a
vote, would probably be divided between California and Tennessee.
Each in its way, is almost unspeakable. Tennessee, of course, has
never been civilized, save in a small area; even in the earliest days
of the Republic it was regarded as barbaric by its neighbors. But
California, at one time, promised to develop a charming and
enlightened civilization. There was a touch of tropical balm in its air,
and a touch of Latin and oriental color in its ideas. Like Louisiana, it
seemed likely to resist Americanization for many years; perhaps
forever. But now California, the old California, is simply extinct. What
remains is an Alsatia of retired Ford agents and crazy fat women—a
paradise of 100% Americanism and the New Thought. Its laws are
the most extravagant and idiotic ever heard of in Christendom. Its
public officers, and particularly its judges, are famous all over the
world for their imbecilities. When one hears of it at all, one hears that
some citizen has been jailed for reading the Constitution of the
United States, or that some new swami in a yellow bed-tick has got
all the realtors’ wives of Los Angeles by the ears. When one hears of
it further, it is only to learn that some obscure movie lady in
Hollywood has murdered another lover. The State is run by its
Chambers of Commerce, which is to say, by the worst variety of
resident shysters. No civilized man ever seems to take any part in its
public life. Not an idea comes out of it—that is, not an idea beyond
the grasp of a Kiwanis Club secretary, a Christian Science sorcerer,
or a grand goblin of the American Legion. Twice, of late, it has
offered the country candidates for the presidency. One was the Hon.
Hiram Johnson and the other was the Hon. William Gibbs McAdoo!
Only Vermont can beat that record.
The minority of civilized Californians—who lately, by the way, sent
out a call from Los Angeles for succor, as if they were beset by
wolves!—commonly lay the blame for this degeneration of a once-
proud commonwealth upon the horde of morons that has flowed in
from Iowa, Nebraska and the other cow-States, seeking relief from
the bitter climate of the steppes. The California realtors have been
luring in these hinds for a generation past, and they now swarm in all
the southern towns, especially Los Angeles. They come in with their
savings, are swindled and sent home, and so make room for more.
While they remain and have any part of their money left, they
patronize the swamis, buy oil stock, gape at the movie folk, and pack
the Methodist churches. Unquestionably, the influence of such
vacuums has tended to degrade the general tone of California life;
what was once a Spanish fiesta is now merely an upper Mississippi
valley street-carnival. But it is not to be forgotten that the Native
Sons have gone down the chute with the newcomers—that there is
no more sign of intellectual vigor in the old stock than there is in the
new stock. A few intransigeants hold out against the tide of 100%
Americanism, but only a few. The rest bawl against the Reds as
loudly as any Iowa steer-stuffer.
The truth is that it is unjust to blame Iowa for the decay of California,
for Iowa itself is now moving up, not down. And so is Nebraska. A
few years ago both States were as sterile, intellectually, as Spain,
but both are showing signs of progress to-day, and in another
generation or two, as the Prohibition lunacy passes and the pall of
Methodism begins to lift, they will probably burst into very vigorous
activity. Some excellent stock is in them; it is very little contaminated
by what is called Anglo-Saxon blood. Iowa, even to-day, is decidedly
more civilized than California. It is producing more ideas, and, more
important still, it is carrying on a much less violent war against ideas.
I doubt that any man who read the Constitution in Davenport or Des
Moines would be jailed for it, as Upton Sinclair (or one of his friends)
was in Pasadena. The American Legion would undoubtedly protest,
but the police would probably do nothing, for the learned judges of
the State would not entertain the charge.
Thus California remains something of a mystery. The whole United
States, of course, has been going downhill since the beginning of the
century, but why should one State go so much faster than the
others? Is the climate to blame? Hardly. The climate of San
Francisco is thoroughly un-Californian, and yet San Francisco is
almost as dead as Los Angeles. It was there, indeed, that that
California masterpiece, the Mooney case, was staged; it was here
that the cops made three efforts to convict poor Fatty Arbuckle of
murder in the first-degree; it was there that the late Dr. Abrams
launched a quackery that went Mother Eddy one better. San
Francisco, once the home of Mark Twain and Bret Harte, is now
ravaged by Prohibition enforcement officers. But if the climate is not
to blame, then what is? Why should a great State, lovely physically
and of romantic history, so violently renounce all sense and
decency? What has got into it? God alone knows!

9
Honor in America
Some time ago I enjoyed the distinguished honor of entertaining an
American university professor in my house. The fellow had a resilient
gullet, and in the course of the evening we got down a quart of
Scotch. Made expansive by the liquor, he told me this story:
A short while before, at his university, one of the professors gave a
booze party for a group of colleagues, including the president of the
institution. It was warm weather, and they sat on the veranda,
guzzling moonshine and ginger-ale. There was so much chatter that
they didn’t hear a student coming up the path. Suddenly he was on
them, and they almost fainted....
At this point I asked why they were alarmed.
“Well,” said my visitor, “suppose the student had turned out to be a
Christian? He would have blabbed, and then our host would have
lost his chair. The president would have been forced to cashier him.”
“But the president,” I argued, “was a guest in the man’s house. How
could he have dismissed him?”
“What else would there have been for him to do?” asked the
professor.
“Resign at once,” I replied. “Wasn’t he under the obligations of a
guest? Wasn’t he particeps criminis? How could he separate himself
from his host? How could he sit as judge upon his host, even if only
formally?”
But the professor couldn’t see the point. I began to fear that he was
in his cups, but it soon appeared that he was quite clear. We argued
for half an hour: he was still unable to see the point. The duty of a
president to enforce an unwilling and dishonest obedience to an
absurd law—this duty was superior to his duty as a guest, i. e., it was
superior to his obligation as a man of honor! We passed on to
another point.
“What of the student?” I asked. “I take it that he turned out to be a
gentleman. Suppose he had been a Christian? Suppose he had
blabbed? What would the other boys have done to him?”
The professor stared at me blankly.
“Nothing,” he said at length. “After all, we were boozing.”
This professor, I should add, was a man of the old American stock—
in fact, a fellow very proud of his colonial ancestry. When he got
back to his university he joined in signing a public statement that
Prohibition was a great success there.
I proceed to another case. One day in the Summer of 1924, during
the Republican National Convention at Cleveland, I met an eminent
American publicist in a hotel lobby there. He told me at once that he
was suffering from a dreadful bellyache. I had a jug in my room, but
my own hotel was far away, so I suggested that help might be got
from a journalist on the premises. We went to his room, and I
introduced the publicist. The journalist promptly got out a bottle and
gave him a policeman’s drink. The publicist had recovered in three
minutes.... When he got home, he joined, like the professor, in
signing a public statement praising Prohibition.

10
Note in the Margin of a Treatise on Psychology
As I stoop to lace my shoe you hit me over the coccyx with a length
of hickory (Carya laciniosa). I conclude instantly that you are a
jackass. This is a whole process of human thought in little. This also
is free will.

11
Definition
Democracy is that system of government under which the people,
having 35,717,342 native-born adult whites to choose from, including
thousands who are handsome and many who are wise, pick out a
Coolidge to be head of the State. It is as if a hungry man, set before
a banquet prepared by master cooks and covering a table an acre in
area, should turn his back upon the feast and stay his stomach by
catching and eating flies.
 XVIII. CATECHISM
Q. If you find so much that is unworthy of reverence in the United
States, then why do you live here?
A. Why do men go to zoos?
 INDEX
Abbott, Wilbur C., 152

Adams, John, 146, 158

Altgeld, John Peter, 127 ff.

American Academy of Arts and Letters, 194

American Association of University Professors, 140

American Legion, 136

American Mercury, 120, 127, 141, 146, 152, 164, 169, 172

Americans, 100%, 152 ff.

Anderson, Sherwood, 56, 180, 194

Anglo-Saxons, 153 ff., 163

Anti-Saloon League, 23, 106, 111, 113, 148, 229, 268, 269

Apollinaire, Guillaume, 169 ff.

Aristotle, 24

Bach, Johann Sebastian, 34

Baltimore, 237 ff.

Baltimore Sun, 260

Baptists, 108 ff.

Beers, Henry A., 135

Beethoven, Ludwig van, 34, 87 ff., 167, 184

Bible, 17, 66, 76 ff., 120 ff.

Bill of Rights, 155

Birth Control, 9 ff.

Blease, Cole L., 116

Bowers, Claude G., 146

Boyd, Ernest, 169

Brahms, Johannes, 89, 90

Broom, 169

Browne, Waldo R., 127

Brownell, William C., 193

Bryan, William Jennings, 64 ff., 86, 112, 131, 155, 204, 230

Bryant, William Cullen, 191

Butler, Nicholas Murray, 194

Cabell, James Branch, 180, 194, 196, 217

Cahan, Abraham, 219

Canby, Henry Seidel, 170

Capital Punishment, 21 ff.

Cathcart case, 265

Cather, Willa, 53, 57, 219, 228

Catholic Church, 106 ff., 157

Chambers, Robert W., 194

Chopin, F. F., 87

Christians, 25, 120 ff.

Clean Books Bill, 21

Clemens, Samuel L., 50, 166, 191, 221

Cleveland, Grover, 24, 129, 267

Coca-cola, 77 ff.

Cocteau, Jean, 170

Comstock, Anthony, 13, 15 ff.

Comstockery, 15 ff., 98

Congressional Record, 163

Connolly, Margaret, 164

Conrad, Joseph, 34 ff., 191

Coolidge, Calvin, 72, 111, 206, 247, 259, 272, 275, 289

Cooper, James Fenimore, 191

Crapsey, Algernon Sidney, 127, 131 ff.

Cummings, E. E., 169

Curwood, James Oliver, 166

Daniels, Josephus, 263

Darrow, Clarence, 69, 72, 86

Davis, Jefferson, 155

Dayton, Tenn., 65 ff., 75 ff.

Denmark, 33

Dial, 170

Dickson, Harris, 159

Dreiser, Theodore, 16, 21, 43, 57, 128, 157, 180, 194

Eastman, Max, 195

Eaton, Walter Prichard, 251

Eddy, Mary Baker G., 67

Education, 133 ff., 141 ff.

Eighteenth Amendment, 155

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 191, 203

Episcopalians, 105 ff.

Fergusson, Harvey, 222

Foetal School, 169

Ford, Henry, 191

Foster, William Z., 224

France, Anatole, 43, 191

Frederick the Great, 147

Freud, Sigmund, 249

Freytag-Loringhoven, Elsa von, 169

Fundamentalism, 74, 75 ff., 111, 115 ff., 269

Garland, Hamlin, 193

Gary, Elbert H., 167, 206, 270 ff.

German Army, 31

Gilder, Richard Watson, 191

Glass, Montague, 221

Godey’s Ladies’ Book, 15

Gompers, Samuel, 70

Greenwich Village, 170, 183, 214 ff.

Hagedorn, Herman, 194

Haliburton, Thomas C., 49

Hamilton, Alexander, 146 ff., 246

Hamilton, Clayton, 193

Harding, Warren Gamaliel, 189, 199, 282, 288, 289

Harrison, Henry Sydnor, 193

Haydn, Josef, 88

Hergesheimer, Joseph, 42 ff., 180, 194

Holy Rollers, 78 ff.

Homo neandertalensis, 64

Howe, E. W., 229

Howe, M. A. DeWolfe, 244

Howells, William Dean, 190, 193

Huxley, W. H., 122, 138

Hypoendocrinal School, 169

Ibsen, Henrik, 209

International Sunday-school Lessons, 48

Irving, Washington, 191

Jackson, Andrew, 155

James, Henry, 43, 53

Jefferson, Thomas, 146 ff., 155, 158, 164

Josephson, Matthew, 169

Kaiser Wilhelm II, 158

Kiwanis, 136, 168, 183, 189

Kreymborg, Alfred, 214

Ku Klux Klan, 106, 111, 116, 136, 140, 155, 156

La Follette, Robert M., 155, 164

Lardner, Ring W., 49 ff., 221

Lee, Robert E., 155

Lewis, Sinclair, 54, 194, 219, 228, 235

Lincoln, Abraham, 198

Lodge, Henry Cabot, 199

Lord’s Day Alliance, 14

Lowell, James Russell, 191, 194

Lydia Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound, 77

Macaulay, T. B., 208

Manning, William T., 91

Marden, Orison Swett, 164 ff.

Masters, Edgar Lee, 56 ff.

Matthews, Brander, 135, 169

Mendelssohn, Felix, 90

Methodists, 105 ff., 157

Middle Ages, 108

Millikan, Robert Andrews, 123

Mississippi, 160

Moore, George, 196, 226

More, Paul Elmer, 169

Morgan, J. P. & Co., 132, 139, 192, 279

Mozart, W. A., 88, 90

Munsey, Frank A., 164, 195

Napoleon III, 32

Nation, 70, 159, 255 ff.

New Republic, 255

New Thought, 42, 209

New York, 238 ff.

Nobel Prize, 41

Norris, Frank, 232

Pattee, Fred Lewis, 170

Peay, Austin, 116

Pendleton, Charles S., 141

Poe, Edgar Allan, 248

Pound, Ezra, 169

Powderly, Terence V., 204

Presbyterians, 108 ff., 157

Prohibition, 10, 23, 113, 224

Protestantism, 104 ff.

Raulston, Judge, 86