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Instant download pdf Business Communication Developing Leaders for a Networked World 3rd Edition Cardon Test Bank full chapter
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Chapter 06
1. Providing too much information can distract readers and weigh a business document down.
True False
2. The more specific you are, the more likely your readers are to become impatient and begin
skimming your message.
True False
3. If you are specific in your message, then your readers are more likely to believe you are credible.
True False
4. When readers see long paragraphs, they often stop reading and start trying to pick out significant
words and phrases from the text.
True False
5. Long paragraphs in a business message are a sign that the text is well organized.
True False
6-1
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
6. In order to be concise, you must sometimes leave out relevant information.
True False
7. One primary cause of overly long paragraphs is placing more than one main idea or topic in a
paragraph.
True False
8. By eliminating redundancies, you can reduce the overall word count in a business message.
True False
True False
True False
11. The closer you match your writing style to the way your readers think and talk, the easier it is for
them to process the information you present.
True False
12. People can generally process information more quickly when writers use passive verbs.
True False
6-2
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
13. One advantage of using simple, short words is that they help readers process information more
quickly.
True False
14. Writers should typically use the active voice when they want to avoid blaming others or sounding
bossy.
True False
15. The use of buzzwords in business messages usually stirs positive feelings among readers.
True False
16. Sentences that begin with "it is" or "there are" generally contain more words than necessary.
True False
17. Documents with a lot of text and not much white space look daunting or cluttered.
True False
18. The more you use special formatting, such as italics or underlining, the more likely you are to
communicate your emphasis to your reader.
True False
19. Reviewing business messages minimizes the possibility of embarrassing and damaging mistakes.
True False
6-3
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
20. The FAIR test helps business writers to make sure their communications are ethical.
True False
E. keeps the word count as low as possible without redundancies or empty phrases.
A. be specific.
C. avoid redundancies.
6-4
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
23. In the context of creating a complete business message, which of the following is true?
A. Providing too much information can distract the readers and weigh a business document down.
B. Using action verbs focuses on the goal of coordinating action in the workplace and livens up
your writing.
C. Using longer, more unusual words to "sound smart" can increase the credibility of your
message.
D. Using the passive voice allows for faster processing by the readers, because most people
naturally think in that structure.
E. Relying on parallel language can distract the readers from the main message you want to
deliver.
24. Which of the following guidelines should be followed to ensure that you are creating a complete
business message?
A. Use longer, more unusual words to "sound smart" and increase the credibility of your message.
B. Avoid parallel language as it can distract the readers from the main message you want to
deliver.
C. Include all the information you need by eliminating as much white space as possible.
D. Plan, write, and review your message strategically to provide all relevant information, but
nothing irrelevant.
E. Use the active voice to avoid blaming others or sounding too bossy.
6-5
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
25. A survey of recruiters found that the most sought after characteristic of writing is
A. being accurate.
B. being concise.
C. avoiding redundancy.
D. avoiding buzzwords.
A. concise.
B. exact.
C. short.
D. redundant.
E. general.
27.
Emma's boss has reviewed her proposal. He tells Emma that she needs to make it more accurate.
Which of the following should she try to eliminate?
A. prepositional phrases
B. parallel language
C. miscalculations
D. passive voice
E. redundancies
6-6
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McGraw-Hill Education.
28. Which of the following is most likely to negatively influence readers' perceptions of your
credibility?
A. long paragraphs
B. inaccurate statements
D. passive voice
E. nonparallel language
29. Which of the following is most likely to positively influence your readers' perceptions of your
credibility?
A. being wordy
B. being specific
C. using buzzwords
30. Raj tends to generalize in his writing because he believes that makes his writing easy for most
people to understand. What is the likely effect of his generalizations on his readers?
C. They will be pleased that they can find the information they need quickly.
6-7
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McGraw-Hill Education.
31. Hugo includes the following sentence in his memo: "The increase in profits is greater than any I
B. It contains redundancy.
D. It is not specific.
32. Anwar's colleague tells him that some of his coworkers believe he has misleading them about his
team's expenses. They believe that his reports have concealed the truth. What should Anwar do in
6-8
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McGraw-Hill Education.
33. Andre, the floor manager of a packing plant, is under pressure from his boss to increase
productivity. He circulates a memo telling all of his workers that they need to increase the number
of units packed each hour. After a month, production has not changed significantly. What went
wrong in his communication?
D. His message did not set a clear and specific production target.
34. Which of the following statements is the most specific way for a company to convey that it needs
to reduce its current workforce by half?
D. The company will have to lay off about half of its employees.
6-9
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
36. Which of the following is most likely to help you write concisely?
B. avoiding redundancy
E. using buzzwords
37. When business messages contain long paragraphs, readers are most likely to think the writer is
A. disorganized.
B. intelligent.
C. accurate.
D. respectful.
E. professional.
A. 10-20 words.
B. 40-80 words.
C. 150-200 words.
D. 300-400 words.
E. 500-850 words.
6-10
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McGraw-Hill Education.
39. One way to solve the problem of overly lengthy paragraphs is to
40. Julio has a long paragraph that describes the two main causes of employee absenteeism and gives
a suggestion to address each cause. Ideally, how many paragraphs does Julio need to cover this
material?
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
E. five
41. As a rule of thumb, for routine messages, the sentence length should be no more than
A. 8 words.
B. 15 words.
C. 20 words.
D. 25 words.
E. 30 words.
6-11
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
42. Consider the following statement: "Employee managers can use our motivational tools to motivate
their employees to increase productivity." The best way to make this statement concise is to
43. Consider the statement: "In order to build a sustainable organization, it is important to hire
employees with sustainable qualities." One way to make this statement more concise is to
44. Consider the statement: "As most of you know, Mega Manufacturing had its most profitable year
ever last year." One way to make this statement more concise is to
6-12
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McGraw-Hill Education.
45. It becomes easier for your readers to process the information you present when you
A. match your writing style to the way your readers think and talk.
B. use prepositional phrases extensively as they increase the clarity of the message.
D. avoid using parallel language, which makes it difficult to distinguish between the information
provided.
E. include a lot of text in your message and very little white space.
46. People reading a business message are most likely to be confused by a sentence that
47. Which statement about active voice and passive voice is true?
C. The active voice is best when you do not want to attribute blame.
6-13
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McGraw-Hill Education.
48. People are most likely to process information quickly when writers use
A. prepositional phrases.
B. action verbs.
D. complex words.
E. long sentences.
49. To create a more natural writing style and improve the ease of reading, a writer should use
A. passive verbs.
B. parallel language.
D. figures of speech.
E. buzzwords.
50. Consider the following sentence: "CEO Mike Maloney regrets to announce that PharmCo will be
downsizing at the end of September." Which of the following actions would improve the ease of
reading?
B. Change "at the end of September" to "at the end of the third quarter."
6-14
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McGraw-Hill Education.
51. Using the active voice while writing business messages
53. Glen is writing a memo to suggest that his company hire someone to act on its behalf in a foreign
market. If he wants to improve the ease of reading of his message, which term should he use to
describe that person?
A. fiduciary
B. executor
C. agent
D. procurator
E. envoy
6-15
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McGraw-Hill Education.
54. Which statement about buzzwords is true?
55. Which of the following statements accurately describes the use of figures of speech, such as
B. They send the signal that the writer is out of touch with the audience.
56. What impact does beginning sentences with "it is" or "there are" have on a business message?
A. The message is less precise because it is wordy and lacks a specific subject.
B. The message is less precise because it contains figurative, not literal, meanings.
6-16
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McGraw-Hill Education.
57. To improve ease of reading when using headings in business documents,
58. Which of the following is most likely to improve the ease of navigation in information-rich and
complex messages?
B. Visual appeal should be the first consideration for all written business communications.
C. Documents with too much text and not enough white space look daunting or cluttered.
E. In general, you should use special formatting as much as you can so your ideas stand out.
6-17
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McGraw-Hill Education.
60. For most written business communications, the first consideration should be to
61. Your colleague Li has just finished drafting an important business proposal. Now he has asked you
for advice on how to review the document. What should you tell him to do?
A. audience analysis
6-18
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McGraw-Hill Education.
63. The "R" in the FAIR test stands for
A. revision.
B. respect.
C. relevancy.
D. redundancy.
E. repetition.
64. You are applying the FAIR test to a business message. Which of the following questions are you
65. Which task are you most likely to do during the first pass of proofreading?
6-19
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McGraw-Hill Education.
66. Which task are you most likely to do during the final pass of proofreading?
67. Chun has designed a flyer to invite employees to a workshop about time management. She wants
to know if it is inviting and clear. Which of the following colleagues could provide the best
feedback?
6-20
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McGraw-Hill Education.
68. Salim has written a proposal advocating that his company should implement a schedule in which
employees work four 10-hour days, with half of the employees having Monday off and the other
half having Friday off. He claims that productivity will increase because fewer people will take days
off to go to medical appointments, which they can schedule on their off day. Which of the
following people has the correct expertise to give Salim helpful feedback about his proposal?
69. Dale has written a proposal for a new initiative. Which of the following will help him evaluate how
6-21
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McGraw-Hill Education.
70. The primary purpose of the FAIR test is to make sure that business communications are
A. concise.
B. accessible.
C. error-free.
D. understandable.
E. ethical.
Essay Questions
6-22
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McGraw-Hill Education.
72. Why is it necessary to ensure that business messages are accurate?
73. Discuss two ways of reducing the overall word count in business messages. Give specific examples
of each.
6-23
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McGraw-Hill Education.
74. What is the impact of using the active voice in business messages?
75. What techniques can a business writer use to make series and lists easier for readers to
comprehend?
6-24
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McGraw-Hill Education.
76. What is the purpose of including headings in a business communication, and how can you make
6-25
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
78. Is visual appeal the most important factor for creating a good business document? Explain.
79. Describe the three components of the review process for business communications.
6-26
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McGraw-Hill Education.
80. Discuss how to proofread a business document.
6-27
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 Improving Readability with Style and Design Answer Key
1. Providing too much information can distract readers and weigh a business document down.
TRUE
Providing too much information can distract the readers and weigh a business document down.
On the other hand, not providing enough information can leave the reader wondering how to
respond.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-28
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
2. The more specific you are, the more likely your readers are to become impatient and begin
skimming your message.
FALSE
The more specific you are, the more likely readers are to have their questions answered. If you
are not specific, your readers may become impatient and begin scanning and skimming for the
information they want.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
3. If you are specific in your message, then your readers are more likely to believe you are
credible.
TRUE
Being specific also affects the judgments your readers make about your credibility. Specific
statements lead your readers to believe you know what you are talking about (competence),
that you are not hiding anything (character), and that you want your readers to be informed
(caring).
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
6-29
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: Credibility in Business Communications
4. When readers see long paragraphs, they often stop reading and start trying to pick out
TRUE
Before they even begin to read, readers form impressions about ease of reading by looking at
paragraph length. When they see long paragraphs, they often enter skim mode—searching for
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
5. Long paragraphs in a business message are a sign that the text is well organized.
FALSE
Long paragraphs can signal disorganization and even disrespect for the reader's time.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-30
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
6. In order to be concise, you must sometimes leave out relevant information.
FALSE
When you write concisely, your message is far easier to read. Conciseness does not imply
removing relevant information. Rather, it implies omitting needless words so that readers can
rapidly process your main ideas (the relevant information).
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
7. One primary cause of overly long paragraphs is placing more than one main idea or topic in a
paragraph.
TRUE
One primary cause of overly lengthy paragraphs is placing more than one main idea or topic in
the paragraph.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-31
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
8. By eliminating redundancies, you can reduce the overall word count in a business message.
TRUE
One way to reduce word count and make your messages easier to read is to avoid
redundancies, which are words or phrases that repeat the same meaning.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
FALSE
Prepositional phrases are not bad in themselves. In many cases, they are perfectly appropriate.
But their overuse leads to wordiness and less clarity.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-32
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
10. A paragraph should rarely exceed 150 words.
TRUE
Rarely should a paragraph exceed 150 words. Typically, paragraphs should contain 40 to 80
words. For routine messages, paragraphs as short as 20 to 30 words are common and
appropriate.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
11. The closer you match your writing style to the way your readers think and talk, the easier it is
TRUE
The closer you match your writing style to the way your readers think and talk, the easier it is
for them to process the information you present. Ease of processing means your readers need
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-33
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
12. People can generally process information more quickly when writers use passive verbs.
FALSE
People can generally process information more quickly when writers use active verbs, which
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
13. One advantage of using simple, short words is that they help readers process information more
quickly.
TRUE
People generally process simple, short words more quickly than long, complex ones.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-34
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
14. Writers should typically use the active voice when they want to avoid blaming others or
sounding bossy.
FALSE
While the active voice is the preferred writing style for most business writing, the passive voice
is sometimes better when attempting to avoid blaming others or sounding bossy.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
15. The use of buzzwords in business messages usually stirs positive feelings among readers.
FALSE
Buzzwords, which are workplace terms that become trite because of overuse, can stir negative
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-35
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
16. Sentences that begin with "it is" or "there are" generally contain more words than necessary.
TRUE
Most sentences that begin with "it is" or "there are" fail to provide a specific subject and
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
17. Documents with a lot of text and not much white space look daunting or cluttered.
TRUE
Documents with too much text and not enough white look daunting or cluttered. On the other
hand, documents with too much white space may look insufficient.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-02 Explain and use navigational design to improve ease of reading.
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
6-36
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
18. The more you use special formatting, such as italics or underlining, the more likely you are to
communicate your emphasis to your reader.
FALSE
Typically, you will apply special formatting sparingly; if you use too much special formatting,
your main ideas will not stand out.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-02 Explain and use navigational design to improve ease of reading.
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
19. Reviewing business messages minimizes the possibility of embarrassing and damaging
mistakes.
TRUE
During the reviewing stage, you are most likely to improve your message, making it far more
successful. You will also minimize the possibility of embarrassing and damaging mistakes.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe and apply the components of the reviewing stage, including a FAIR test, proofreading, and
feedback.
Topic: The Writing Process
6-37
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
20. The FAIR test helps business writers to make sure their communications are ethical.
TRUE
The FAIR test is a way of ensuring ethical business communication.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe and apply the components of the reviewing stage, including a FAIR test, proofreading, and
feedback.
Topic: The FAIR approach
6-38
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
21. A business message is complete if it
E. keeps the word count as low as possible without redundancies or empty phrases.
Most of your messages in the workplace have a clear goal: to update your team members, to
promote a service to a client, to give an assignment, and so on. Your goal of completeness
means that your message provides all the information necessary to meet that purpose.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-39
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
22. To ensure the completeness of a business message, be sure to
A. be specific.
C. avoid redundancies.
promote a service to a client, to give an assignment, and so on. Your goal of completeness
means that your message provides all the information necessary to meet that purpose. You can
achieve completeness with three basic strategies: providing all relevant information; being
accurate; and being specific.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-40
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
23. In the context of creating a complete business message, which of the following is true?
A. Providing too much information can distract the readers and weigh a business document
down.
B. Using action verbs focuses on the goal of coordinating action in the workplace and livens
up your writing.
C. Using longer, more unusual words to "sound smart" can increase the credibility of your
message.
D. Using the passive voice allows for faster processing by the readers, because most people
naturally think in that structure.
E. Relying on parallel language can distract the readers from the main message you want to
deliver.
One challenge while writing a business message is deciding which information is relevant for
your message. After all, providing too much information can distract your readers and weigh
your document down. On the other hand, not providing enough information can leave your
reader wondering how to respond.
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Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-41
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24. Which of the following guidelines should be followed to ensure that you are creating a
complete business message?
A. Use longer, more unusual words to "sound smart" and increase the credibility of your
message.
B. Avoid parallel language as it can distract the readers from the main message you want to
deliver.
C. Include all the information you need by eliminating as much white space as possible.
D. Plan, write, and review your message strategically to provide all relevant information, but
nothing irrelevant.
E. Use the active voice to avoid blaming others or sounding too bossy.
Strategic planning, writing, and reviewing will enable you to prepare a complete business
message, one that provides all of the relevant information without any irrelevant distractions.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
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Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-42
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25. A survey of recruiters found that the most sought after characteristic of writing is
A. being accurate.
B. being concise.
C. avoiding redundancy.
D. avoiding buzzwords.
customers, and clients base important decisions on your communications. A recent survey of
corporate recruiters showed which elements of writing style are most important. Accuracy was
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-43
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26. In order to be accurate, a business message must be
A. concise.
B. exact.
C. short.
D. redundant.
E. general.
Accuracy is a basic objective of all business communications because your colleagues,
customers, and clients base important decisions on your communications. In short, accurate
information is true, correct, and exact.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
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Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-44
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27.
Emma's boss has reviewed her proposal. He tells Emma that she needs to make it more
accurate. Which of the following should she try to eliminate?
A. prepositional phrases
B. parallel language
C. miscalculations
D. passive voice
E. redundancies
Inaccuracies may result from miscalculations, misinformation, poor word choice, or simply
typos.
6-45
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28. Which of the following is most likely to negatively influence readers' perceptions of your
credibility?
A. long paragraphs
B. inaccurate statements
D. passive voice
E. nonparallel language
Accuracy, like specificity, strongly impacts your readers' perceptions of your credibility. Just one
inaccurate statement can lead readers to dismiss your entire message and lower their trust in
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: Credibility in Business Communications
6-46
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29. Which of the following is most likely to positively influence your readers' perceptions of your
credibility?
A. being wordy
B. being specific
C. using buzzwords
Being specific affects the judgments your readers make about your credibility. Specific
statements lead your readers to believe that you know what you're talking about (competence);
that you are not hiding anything (character); and that you want your readers to be informed
(caring).
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: Credibility in Business Communications
6-47
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McGraw-Hill Education.
30. Raj tends to generalize in his writing because he believes that makes his writing easy for most
people to understand. What is the likely effect of his generalizations on his readers?
C. They will be pleased that they can find the information they need quickly.
Being specific affects the judgments your readers make about your credibility. Specific
statements lead your readers to believe that you know what you're talking about (competence);
that you are not hiding anything (character); and that you want your readers to be informed
(caring). Using generalities instead of specifics can have the opposite effect.
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31. Hugo includes the following sentence in his memo: "The increase in profits is greater than any I
have seen during my career." What is the flaw in this sentence?
B. It contains redundancy.
D. It is not specific.
Being specific affects the judgments your readers make about your credibility. Specific
statements lead your readers to believe that you know what you're talking about (competence);
that you are not hiding anything (character); and that you want your readers to be informed
(caring). Hugo's sentence lacks specificity. It is unclear exactly how much profits increased.
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32. Anwar's colleague tells him that some of his coworkers believe he has misleading them about
his team's expenses. They believe that his reports have concealed the truth. What should Anwar
from them.
6-50
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33. Andre, the floor manager of a packing plant, is under pressure from his boss to increase
productivity. He circulates a memo telling all of his workers that they need to increase the
number of units packed each hour. After a month, production has not changed significantly.
What went wrong in his communication?
D. His message did not set a clear and specific production target.
The problem with Andre's memo is that it does not give a target figure. He needs to tell his
workers how many more units they need to complete in a set time period to meet new goals.
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34. Which of the following statements is the most specific way for a company to convey that it
needs to reduce its current workforce by half?
D. The company will have to lay off about half of its employees.
"The company will have to terminate 50 percent of its employees" is the most specific choice,
because it states exactly what percentage of employees will be terminated.
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35. Being concise means
removing relevant information. Rather, it implies omitting needless words so that readers can
rapidly process your main ideas.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-53
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McGraw-Hill Education.
36. Which of the following is most likely to help you write concisely?
B. avoiding redundancy
E. using buzzwords
Strategies for writing concisely include controlling paragraph length, using shorter sentences,
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Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-54
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37. When business messages contain long paragraphs, readers are most likely to think the writer is
A. disorganized.
B. intelligent.
C. accurate.
D. respectful.
E. professional.
Long paragraphs can signal disorganization and even disrespect for the reader's time.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-55
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38. The typical paragraph length for a business message is
A. 10-20 words.
B. 40-80 words.
C. 150-200 words.
D. 300-400 words.
E. 500-850 words.
Typically, paragraphs in business messages should contain 40 to 80 words. For routine
messages, paragraphs as short as 20 to 30 words are common and appropriate. Rarely should
paragraphs exceed 150 words.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Learning Objective: 06-02 Explain and use navigational design to improve ease of reading.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-56
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McGraw-Hill Education.
39. One way to solve the problem of overly lengthy paragraphs is to
a single paragraph.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-57
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McGraw-Hill Education.
40. Julio has a long paragraph that describes the two main causes of employee absenteeism and
gives a suggestion to address each cause. Ideally, how many paragraphs does Julio need to
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
E. five
Long paragraphs can signal disorganization and even disrespect for the reader's time. One
primary cause of overly lengthy paragraphs is placing more than one main idea or topic in the
paragraph. Ideally, Julio should have a separate paragraph for each of the two causes and each
of the two suggestions. Therefore, his one long paragraph should be broken into four.
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41. As a rule of thumb, for routine messages, the sentence length should be no more than
A. 8 words.
B. 15 words.
C. 20 words.
D. 25 words.
E. 30 words.
As a rule of thumb, for routine messages, you should aim for average sentence length of 15 or
fewer words.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-59
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42. Consider the following statement: "Employee managers can use our motivational tools to
motivate their employees to increase productivity." The best way to make this statement
concise is to
concise. The above statement can be rewritten, "Managers can use our tools to motivate their
employees to increase productivity."
6-60
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43. Consider the statement: "In order to build a sustainable organization, it is important to hire
employees with sustainable qualities." One way to make this statement more concise is to
Eliminating extra words allows you to get your ideas across as efficiently as possible. You will
often find that you can reduce word count by 30 to 40 percent simply by converting many of
your prepositional phrases into single-word verbs. The above statement can be rewritten as,
"Hiring employees with sustainable qualities helps you build a sustainable organization."
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44. Consider the statement: "As most of you know, Mega Manufacturing had its most profitable
year ever last year." One way to make this statement more concise is to
Many phrases fill space without adding meaning. Many of these phrases are common in
conversations but are not needed in written messages. The above statement can be written,
"Mega Manufacturing had its most profitable year ever last year."
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45. It becomes easier for your readers to process the information you present when you
A. match your writing style to the way your readers think and talk.
B. use prepositional phrases extensively as they increase the clarity of the message.
D. avoid using parallel language, which makes it difficult to distinguish between the
information provided.
E. include a lot of text in your message and very little white space.
The more closely you match your writing style to the way your readers think and talk, the easier
it is for them to process the information you present.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-63
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McGraw-Hill Education.
46. People reading a business message are most likely to be confused by a sentence that
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-64
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47. Which statement about active voice and passive voice is true?
C. The active voice is best when you do not want to attribute blame.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-65
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48. People are most likely to process information quickly when writers use
A. prepositional phrases.
B. action verbs.
D. complex words.
E. long sentences.
People can generally process information more quickly when writers use action verbs.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-66
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49. To create a more natural writing style and improve the ease of reading, a writer should use
A. passive verbs.
B. parallel language.
D. figures of speech.
E. buzzwords.
Using parallel language means that you apply a consistent grammatical pattern across a
sentence or paragraph. Parallelism is most important when you use series or lists, as it makes
them easier to read.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-67
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50. Consider the following sentence: "CEO Mike Maloney regrets to announce that PharmCo will be
downsizing at the end of September." Which of the following actions would improve the ease
of reading?
B. Change "at the end of September" to "at the end of the third quarter."
overused or out-of-place words or phrases. Buzzwords, which are workplace terms that
become trite because of overuse, can stir negative feelings among some readers. Using the
buzzword "downsizing" as a term for layoffs is likely to annoy employees.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-68
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51. Using the active voice while writing business messages
for faster processing because most people's natural thinking occurs in this way. It also
emphasizes the business orientation of action. Perhaps most important, it specifies the doer.
Since business activities depend on accountability and coordination, knowing the identity of the
doer of an action is usually important. Furthermore, writing in the active voice usually results in
fewer words.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-69
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52. The use of familiar words in business messages is most likely to
messages so that they are easier for readers to interpret. Using longer, less common words to
"sound smart" rarely pays off. They slow processing and distract from your message. They may
even inadvertently send the signal that you are out of touch, quirky, or arrogant.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-70
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53. Glen is writing a memo to suggest that his company hire someone to act on its behalf in a
foreign market. If he wants to improve the ease of reading of his message, which term should
A. fiduciary
B. executor
C. agent
D. procurator
E. envoy
To keep your writing natural and engaging, remember that people generally process simple,
short, familiar words more quickly than long, complex or unfamiliar ones.
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54. Which statement about buzzwords is true?
overused or out-of-place words or phrases. Buzzwords, which are workplace terms that
become trite because of overuse, can stir negative feelings among some readers.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-72
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55. Which of the following statements accurately describes the use of figures of speech, such as
idioms and metaphors, in business writing?
B. They send the signal that the writer is out of touch with the audience.
Figures of speech, such as idioms and metaphors, are generally out of place or inappropriate in
business writing. Since they are nonliteral, they lack the precise meanings needed in business.
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-73
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56. What impact does beginning sentences with "it is" or "there are" have on a business message?
A. The message is less precise because it is wordy and lacks a specific subject.
B. The message is less precise because it contains figurative, not literal, meanings.
in business writing, where specificity is so important. Most sentences that begin with "it is" or
"there are" fail to provide a specific subject and generally contain more words than necessary.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-74
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57. To improve ease of reading when using headings in business documents,
a section.
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Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-02 Explain and use navigational design to improve ease of reading.
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
6-75
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58. Which of the following is most likely to improve the ease of navigation in information-rich and
complex messages?
In information-rich and complex messages, headings can help your readers identify key ideas
and navigate the document to areas of interest.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-02 Explain and use navigational design to improve ease of reading.
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
6-76
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59. Which statement about ease of navigation is true?
B. Visual appeal should be the first consideration for all written business communications.
C. Documents with too much text and not enough white space look daunting or cluttered.
E. In general, you should use special formatting as much as you can so your ideas stand out.
Your readers will form an immediate impression about your document based on how much
white space (areas without text) it has. Documents with too much text and not enough white
space look daunting or cluttered. On the other hand, documents with too much white space
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-02 Explain and use navigational design to improve ease of reading.
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
6-77
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60. For most written business communications, the first consideration should be to
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Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-02 Explain and use navigational design to improve ease of reading.
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
6-78
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McGraw-Hill Education.
61. Your colleague Li has just finished drafting an important business proposal. Now he has asked
you for advice on how to review the document. What should you tell him to do?
The reviewing process includes three interrelated components: conducting the FAIR test,
proofreading, and getting feedback (generally not needed for routine messages).
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Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe and apply the components of the reviewing stage, including a FAIR test, proofreading, and
feedback.
Topic: The FAIR approach
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62. Which of the following choices is a component of the reviewing process?
A. audience analysis
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Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe and apply the components of the reviewing stage, including a FAIR test, proofreading, and
feedback.
Topic: The FAIR approach
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63. The "R" in the FAIR test stands for
A. revision.
B. respect.
C. relevancy.
D. redundancy.
E. repetition.
The reviewing process includes three interrelated components: conducting the FAIR test,
proofreading, and getting feedback. The "R" in FAIR test stands for "respect."
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Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe and apply the components of the reviewing stage, including a FAIR test, proofreading, and
feedback.
Topic: The FAIR approach
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64. You are applying the FAIR test to a business message. Which of the following questions are you
most likely to ask while analyzing its factual accuracy?
The reviewing process includes three interrelated components: conducting the FAIR test,
proofreading, and getting feedback. The "F" in FAIR test stands for "facts." At this stage you
should check the validity of the content, including whether it contains logical errors.
AACSB: Communication
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Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe and apply the components of the reviewing stage, including a FAIR test, proofreading, and
feedback.
Topic: The FAIR approach
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65. Which task are you most likely to do during the first pass of proofreading?
accurate. You might consider rereading each sentence several times, each time with a different
focus. On your first pass, place yourself in the position of your audience members. On your
second pass, check for problems with writing style and language mechanics.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe and apply the components of the reviewing stage, including a FAIR test, proofreading, and
feedback.
Topic: The Writing Process
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66. Which task are you most likely to do during the final pass of proofreading?
accurate. You might consider rereading each sentence several times, each time with a different
focus. On your first pass, place yourself in the position of your audience members. On your
second pass, check for problems with writing style and language mechanics. You should check
for typographical errors only after all your other corrections have been made.
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Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe and apply the components of the reviewing stage, including a FAIR test, proofreading, and
feedback.
Topic: The Writing Process
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67. Chun has designed a flyer to invite employees to a workshop about time management. She
wants to know if it is inviting and clear. Which of the following colleagues could provide the
best feedback?
from others. Get perspectives from trusted colleagues, particularly if they have some knowledge
that relates to your business message. In Chun's case, the colleague in the Marketing
Department would best be able to comment on her flyer.
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McGraw-Hill Education.
68. Salim has written a proposal advocating that his company should implement a schedule in
which employees work four 10-hour days, with half of the employees having Monday off and
the other half having Friday off. He claims that productivity will increase because fewer people
will take days off to go to medical appointments, which they can schedule on their off day.
Which of the following people has the correct expertise to give Salim helpful feedback about
his proposal?
from others. Get perspectives from trusted colleagues, particularly if they have some knowledge
that relates to your business message. In Salim's case, because he is suggesting a change to
working hours, he should ask a colleague in the Human Resources Department to give him
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McGraw-Hill Education.
69. Dale has written a proposal for a new initiative. Which of the following will help him evaluate
how his message will impact stakeholders?
The FAIR test ensures ethical business communication. The "I" in FAIR stands for Impacts. You
should ask yourself whether you have thought about how the message will impact various
stakeholders.
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McGraw-Hill Education.
70. The primary purpose of the FAIR test is to make sure that business communications are
A. concise.
B. accessible.
C. error-free.
D. understandable.
E. ethical.
The FAIR test is a way of ensuring ethical business communication.
AACSB: Communication
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe and apply the components of the reviewing stage, including a FAIR test, proofreading, and
feedback.
Topic: The FAIR approach
Essay Questions
6-88
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McGraw-Hill Education.
71. List three ways of ensuring the completeness of business messages.
One can ensure the completeness of business messages by (1) providing all relevant
information, (2) being accurate, and (3) being specific.
AACSB: Communication
Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
and clients base important decisions on these communications. In short, accurate information is
true, correct, and exact. Writers should aim for accuracy in facts, figures, statistics, and word
choice. Accuracy, like specificity, strongly impacts the readers' perceptions of the writer's
credibility. Just one inaccurate statement can lead readers to dismiss an entire message and
lower their trust in the writer's future communications as well.
AACSB: Communication
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-89
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McGraw-Hill Education.
73. Discuss two ways of reducing the overall word count in business messages. Give specific
examples of each.
One way to reduce word count and make business messages easier to read is to avoid
redundancies, which are words or phrases that repeat the same meaning. For example,
consider the phrase "past history"; history can only be past, so there's no need to use both
words. By eliminating redundancies, one can reduce overall word count. Avoiding empty
phrases is another way of reducing the overall word count in business messages. Many phrases
simply fill space without adding additional meaning. Many of these phrases are common in
conversations but are not needed for written messages. Examples of such phrases include
AACSB: Communication
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
6-90
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McGraw-Hill Education.
74. What is the impact of using the active voice in business messages?
Using the active voice in writing includes many benefits. The doer-action-object approach
allows for faster processing because most people's natural thinking occurs in this way. It also
emphasizes the business orientation of action. Perhaps most important, it specifies the doer.
Since business activities depend on accountability and coordination, knowing the identity of the
doer of an action is usually important. Furthermore, writing in the active voice usually results in
fewer words.
AACSB: Communication
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
75. What techniques can a business writer use to make series and lists easier for readers to
comprehend?
Parallel language is one way to make series and lists easier to comprehend. Using parallel
language means that you apply a consistent grammatical pattern across a sentence or
paragraph. Parallelism is most important when you use series or lists. For example, when you
describe a product with three characteristics, begin all three items with an adjective, not just
two out of three. When you use consistent grammatical patterns like this for items in lists and
series, readers can process the information far more naturally and quickly. A second way to
make lists easier for readers to comprehend is to use numbers or bullets to separate the items.
AACSB: Communication
6-91
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 Describe and apply the following principles of writing style that improve ease of reading:
completeness, conciseness, and natural processing.
Learning Objective: 06-02 Explain and use navigational design to improve ease of reading.
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
Topic: The Principles of Writing Style
76. What is the purpose of including headings in a business communication, and how can you
make sure they achieve this purpose?
The purpose of a heading in a business communication is to help your readers navigate the
document with ease and to identify primary ideas. To make sure your headings do what they
are designed to do, you should make them consistent throughout your document. You also
need to make sure that they concisely and accurately reflect the contents of each section.
AACSB: Communication
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-02 Explain and use navigational design to improve ease of reading.
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
6-92
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McGraw-Hill Education.
77. Describe the significance of using white space in a business document.
Readers form an immediate impression about business documents based on how much white
space (areas without text) it has. Documents with too much text and not enough white space
look daunting or cluttered. On the other hand, documents with too much white space may look
insufficient. So one must maintain a balance in the use of white space.
AACSB: Communication
Blooms: Remember
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 06-02 Explain and use navigational design to improve ease of reading.
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
78. Is visual appeal the most important factor for creating a good business document? Explain.
Visual appeal is important, but it is not the first consideration for most written business
communications. Rather, the most important goal is to get the message across in an easy-to-
read manner. As writers design their documents, the focus should first be on providing easy
AACSB: Communication
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-02 Explain and use navigational design to improve ease of reading.
Topic: The Principles of Document Design
6-93
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McGraw-Hill Education.
79. Describe the three components of the review process for business communications.
The three related components of the reviewing stage are applying the FAIR test, proofreading,
and feedback. The FAIR test is a way to ensure ethics in business communication. It requires
writers to consider facts, access, impacts, and respect. Proofreading, usually done in multiple
passes, includes considering the audience response and checking for errors and problems with
style and mechanics. Getting feedback means asking trusted colleagues to view the message,
evaluate its success, and provide you with their thoughts about it.
AACSB: Communication
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe and apply the components of the reviewing stage, including a FAIR test, proofreading, and
feedback.
Topic: The Writing Process
Proofreading involves rereading your entire document to make sure it is influential and
accurate. You might consider rereading each sentence several times, each time with a different
focus. On your first pass, place yourself in the position of your audience members. Imagine how
they will respond. On your second pass, check for problems with writing style and language
mechanics. In the final pass, look for and correct misspellings and typos.
AACSB: Communication
Blooms: Understand
Chapter 06
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-03 Describe and apply the components of the reviewing stage, including a FAIR test, proofreading, and
6-94
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McGraw-Hill Education.
feedback.
Topic: The Writing Process
6-95
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
entistä vihaisemmaksi ja epäluuloisemmaksi, ja kätki rahansa
salaisiin piilopaikkoihin, ettei kukaan voisi niitä löytää; kuoltuaankaan
hän ei tahtonut antaa niitä kellekään.
III
"En voi mitään sille, että sydämeni on sääliä täynnä. Säälin kaikkia
ihmisiä ja eläimiä, koko maailmaa, sinua ja eniten itseäni. Toivoisin
voivani heitä jotenkin auttaa, sinuakin. Etkö pelkää iankaikkista
kadotusta?"
Suutaria kammotti.
"Jos vain voin", vastasi suutari, "niin teen mielelläni. Kun ajattelen
tekosiasi minua kohtaan, ovat ne hyvin vähäpätöisiä. Annan ne
sinulle sydämestäni kaikki anteeksi, sillä olet niistä jo saanut
suuremman rangaistuksen kuin olisit ansainnutkaan. Mitä minun
pitäisi tehdä?"
"Kiitos, suutari", vastasi vouti. "Olet aina ollut kunnon mies, ja olen
iloinen, että olet nyt tässä. Näetkös, voisitkohan valvoa kirkossa
kolme yötä sen jälkeen, kun minut on sinne haudattu? Katsos, niin
kauan kuin olen hautaamatta ja pyhät kynttilät palavat pään pohjissa,
ei ole hätää, mutta mitä sitten tapahtuu, kun olen joutunut kirkon
lattian alle, siitä ei ole takeita. Uskaltaisitkohan tehdä tämän hyvän
työn minulle? Kolmen yön perästä ei ole enää vaaraa".
IV
Mutta heti voudin kuoleman jälkeen meni suutari papin luo ja kertoi,
mitä vainaja oli häneltä pyytänyt, sekä kysyi, oliko hänen täytettävä
antamansa lupaus; se tuntui nimittäin hänestä nyt hyvin pelottavalta.
"Tottakai sinun on mentävä", vastasi hurskas pappi, "sillä eipä tiedä,
mitä Jumala on tälläkin asialla tarkoittanut. Mutta älkäämme
uhmailko pahoja voimia, vaan käyttäkäämme turvaksemme niitä
keinoja, joita Jumala on meille pahan vastustamiseksi suonut. Minä
tulen kanssasi kirkkoon varustaakseni sinut kaiken varalle".
Kun vouti sitten oli haudattu kirkon lattian alle, lähelle kuorin
aituusta, ja oli tullut ilta, lähtivät suutari ja pappi kirkkoon. "Mitä sinä
noilla teet?" kysyi pappi ihmeissään nähdessään, että suutarilla oli
kaikki työkalunsa sekä nahkaa mukanansa. "Arvelin vain", selitti
suutari vilpittömästi, "että olisi kenties Jumalalle mieluisinta minun
valvoessani tehdä sitä työtä, jolla olen elämänikäni kunniallisesti ja
rehellisesti elänyt: töillään kukin Herralle kiitosta kantaa ja niinpä
minäkin naskalilla ja vasaralla sekä pikilangalla. Vanhastaan olen
myös tottunut suutaroidessani hyräilemään virrenpätkää, mikä tapa
ei lienekään pahitteeksi tällaisella hetkellä". — "Niinpä vainkin",
hymyili nyt tähän pappi, huomaten suutarin yksinkertaisen
hurskauden, "suutaroi sinä vain, sillä kyllä todella siten palvelet
Jumalaasi parhaalla osaamallasi tavalla. Naskalinpistokin, jos se
vain tehdään Herralle alttiilla mielellä, on hänelle arvokkaampi kuin
kaikki tekopyhän maailman messut". Näin puhellen he saapuivat jo
hämärtyneeseen kirkkoon.
"En anna! Ethän sinä nahkaa tarvitse, vaan minä, joka suutari
olen".
II
Pietari ällistyi kovin tästä puheesta, mutta eihän auttanut muu kuin
myöntyä. Jeesus oli vienyt hänet ensin sinne vaaran kupeeseen,
jossa köyhän miehen töllin piti olla, mutta siitä ei löydettykään muuta
kuin hiukan perustuksia. Silloin ei Jeesus ollut sanonut, minne mies
oli muuttanut, joskin näkyi sen kyllä tienneen. Vaikka siis Pietarin
olisi pitänyt olla iloinen siitä, että luoja oli nähtävästi tarkoin täyttänyt
köyhän miehen rukoukset, ei hän kuitenkaan tuntenut tyytyväisyyttä,
vaan ahdistusta ja pelkoa. Jeesus huomasi sen ja kysyi: