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( ~ 20) : .!.Ju.JI Jlt,oll
(.:.~ S) .I
('--~) -lf-:1! ~ I U"' r.ill &;.>i.. r""-J <)k . l ~ ..:..,)w.all r~ J6. <i' (U") ¼1-Jl -1
( ~ ...i...l) .i r-'.>'l _;.!>--, J::,...l U"' ~fr 14 -2
( ~ ...i...l) .y!,1,i..~(ATP) -3
,) .i.,..; ..,..,...ii, ( V".fi .l..ih.:,.. _, ~fo.::i••.n Jh.]l U"' 4) .A\_,~ JW U"' y:.i,... ~ull .i.ru.Jl ..:,Y -4
ATP 1f1. .i.ru.Jl u-::W..1 (NADH , FADH2) ..:...U_,fo!'ll J.1_,i ,.i u~ .i.ru.Jl U"' /41 .i.,.....Jl
(~) ..:ufol'Jl Ji; u..J.. U"' ~l,i.. Ji.
.;l..!.all u:/ .)! .,_!..JI ~l.i U"' W rjl, ~ , W cl;_,;_,_Jill . . : . . i ~ ..:,_,fol'Jl Ji; u..J.. ,.i ..:...U£,_,_>.Jl J,w .i -5
:41.il..Jl ,.i .:,_,foll!l Ji; u..J.. ..:,_,foJ'jl -.JU. rl.,,;,,,;..y
NADH + W - NAD• +2e- + 2W
.)! ~.J>ll J} J..i,, W J\.i:ul .)! <llJj .;.i_;,., .~u. W wll_,t!i ~_;, t.... .;l..!.all u:/ .)! ..:...u.,:;_,y,11 t,..:.. )~\ .y

.ATP •lli r-'.>'i .,_!..JI ~l.i

:.lJ.iL..JI ,.i ADP •<JY,. _, ..:..,\i,.,,_j ~~.h..J ~.:,.. ATP •lli ~_, ATP •lli r-'.>'i .l.;.!.l:, fl: ·t
(u~) ADP + P1 ATP •I.:./ C'Y 1
ATP

(u~ 6) . ..,.
(~) (wloy!.11 .;~) ~ , .;;,c.i, rl..-11 (6) ,J)l _, ,s~l ";.,l)l ~ l (1) ,J)l -1
(~) -~\,, r.> ( y) ":_,...ill ~_,Yl <i' _, ~ I , , ~ r.> ( i) ":_,...ill ~_,'/l <i' J,il..ll r.>Jl -2
~ I , , ~ l r.ill .h)t,;..l - "3y!,/ ..:,_,l <i' dJj.- y_,,...!, t'" (Jib yli <i' .iy.,,,_, .llc. .L.\,;,. )~y,,,!l .l.L!.lll Jia! - 3
.....,~_, .~';I_, dlAJ';Y _»&-!JI_, •~YI ui,,YI (7) r'J ~ \ <i' ~\,> _>.>iill r.ill t'" , .HYl ..:,i,Yl (2) r'J op,,.,Jl <i'
('--~) .<r"~\l u~l ..;,_fa <.P ~ y lA.il.i..! .;Jl ylill
('--~) ·(wJ ........i) <iJf-!Yl rt...-11 -4
• .H'-11 u:l-,JI .)! 4j.J~ r"""-' <iJf-!Y' ..:,~1 .)! .H'-11 u:l-,JI U"' r.>Jl JJ.>"i :~
.~i i.li.11 -5
":_,...ill ~_,'-jl ~Lo;~ ";_,...ill..:..,~\~_,:;.)! <j.lY. .;:,Ji 4;\.-';l e},y ,.i ..:,..-1:....f)I r_,l, ½Jl...ll l,,)Wl ..:,'-J -6
(~) ·rJ;,ll - L. ~'-11 .)! r.ill L.j)4 ,.i ,.ife_,..Jl J:,i,...u

4
 State Of Palestine ~4lJJ
Ministry of Education & Higher i,,lla.ll ~)J ~.)lll WJ
Education ~I JW. ~)J ~.)lll

~l:efal

(..:.l..~ 4) -~
.B ...._, ~i <,r-'_fall _,..ill _;- <fa>JA/ yl.-.. :yl.!.ll ~ I j\;bll -1
(....i.-l_, ~ ) ii bb X'X' .llibll_, , iA; bb+ XRX' ot.ill_, , 18 i bb+ X'y yl.!JI :u-- JS! ~ I j_;hll L. -2
....i.-l) 3/64 -3
,..S:y,--11 ~.).,;JI ~:,ill ul.li5 ,ylill_, ~ I ..:..,:lW,.11 ---~_, ..:...)L:...Jl,, J:)1.:,..1_, u,,....:., -4
..:,.,_;-!.JIU"' Ji' U"'~)'I ..:..._,.,

(..:.1.&- S) . J
(~~) -~~I t,WJI ( 2) .-JJ ;!,\,a. Ji,- c$.!.,, lf.i ~ - ' '-'"'"11 .)! (._,.) _j..)1 ~-1
....i.-l) -~37-2
(~ ......) .( 14) c',) 1 -3
(~...L...) ·( 19 ) .-iJ -4
( ~ ....i.-l) -~! ,-1» .l..._,ll _,I u/,S c)-~I u-- -5
. .l.S~.fa. ~ I ..:...l)ill_, •(=I_, •4-al,, .l.Sy,--11 oJ_,.,....):.l.Sy.i.11 <.j_;iill J_,....11 ..:...ljii . .:ail:. J-a,. :4,.;,Jl-6

(6~) ·k••-'~ .:.ii:,) :._..;WI ~lil}11 .(.l.Sy,--11 !?-) ..!!~ :LA'.6.11

5
 State Of Palestine
Ministry of Education & Higher
Education

~024-2023 'f"'),lll flall 'l"'~I ~ I f_,Ja.11 u~I

( ~ 20) : ~bll J1µ1

(.:.t.~ S) .l
(....i.....,;.J~) 98 , gW lfa~lc. ggBW .lJ~\ .l.:.;lll ~ \ jl;-bll -1

( .... ....i.....,;) 1/4 -2

(~) .L.b J;i> ,,t,... / ..,_.i,... J;i> ...:O!J., J~I u_,l .u..-1 ...:0'1,11 tJl - 3
(~) - ~ jy,6-4
(~) -(4n) .)! lfat._,..._,._,_fi ~\.;,, ,) (2n) ~ I ;..;.._,,;11 rl...ill J.!.i - -5
(u~S) •":-'
(.......,; .J .._.~) .-=..ll..,..S! : (D)j,-)!, ,,:,,::,}J1 :(C) j,-)!., ,uU_,_s,/1 -=.,u_,;,:,-;1 .lJ~! :(B) jJ.-)1 -1
. mRNA .bl_.,.!,~ J}il -¥i.#P.Y uli.._,ill u..,~ ¥Y. (G) ~l_,iJI ->;P.#~.:,. '---,,All (A) .~, -2
( ~ ) .Jb,.ll .:,. mRNA ~i-., uV,_, •r.,....J!-'.'..1ll,i mRNA .l.l,.:,) o;I..!.! .A~ 4yll .,.i...., .} .»' ..i 'rrJ!:!>ll ~I
(~) -~1 145 ~YI ._.;.._,.,,JI = %73 -3
(.._.~) .~I u..J.... <i° ~ J ,¥ r_,...y..,_1)1 .)! J,...fa..,.11.:,. ~'JI ._.;.._,.,,JI JiJ tRNA a.;,J._, -4
. p ~_,. '£'¥Y.
3 / -+ 5 I -5

(u~ 4) -~
-1

.:,. ( .;~1 _,I J_,YI) ~ ' J I ;!,,I .,,J <I" ~ 1 r.,..._,..,_µ JL...,,ijl ...,.i.
...,.._;..,_, ~ I r.,..._,._,_fill .:,. U..; 'J ~le. -.....-WI rl...il'il 45
.XO .,,,-_,..._,._,_fi j!). ~ , ~la,i

,1 J_,YI) ~ ' J I ;!,,I .,,,,1.; 18 .-J; .,,._ii r.,..._,._,_fill JL...,,ijl ...,.i.

r.,..._,._,_fill .:,. ~le. -.....-WI rl...il'/1 .:,. ( .,,;\!ill 47
·r_,..._,._,_fi 47 ufa.~ ~., ~t.,. ~ . , 18 .-JJ .,,._ii

6
 State Of Palestine ~4lJJ
Ministry of Education & Higher i.,lla.ll ~)J ~.)lll WJ
Education ~I JW. ~)J ~.)lll

~024-2023 'l""J,lll fl&» 'l"'~I ~ I f_,Ja.11 u~I

~ljfe t'° "=-"'-11.h,,:;Y..J ,.--,ii~ Ll!:'fo~I <-tjfe ,.P-1.l ~ I :b_,..,,._..l .rl.}/1 .:iµ1_, ~I "=-"'-11 ,}i .I
•..,n~~IJ.lL:P~»--"~.J~I

..:,~I ,.p-1.l ..1! r~fa.--11 LJ-" Na+ rY.'.J.....ll wll.J:i Jii/ u-b. u!>.JY. ~I;, Ji-- d,u l!:1::u! U'Y' LI' ·Y

.wl,uJl _,-.l/ J.fall ,) u,-> ~ I

(.:.~ 6) .J

(~) -1
IAJJi.c;iiltlWI ~.J~l.i!,-.JI

....WI Tc \.,~ lAj_Ji:, u,.,J.J9.J,l,J\

(u~) :..;,'/I wl..J.b.-..ll LJ-" .i_,......il I.. -2

.Y'.J ~.>' - ~If.. r:,,.,, ..;,fall ,.-JI~~ :bll..ll j\f,;. 'J -rll.. ~ I :~t.:....ll ..,.i...11 <J'".)" .I
..,.._.JI_, ~_,.!JI J,....11_, t l...ill ~ 1 \.>~ ~ 1 u)...]1 T \.>~ ~lf:o yl,i.!JI -.h->' .,- ~ 1 ~YI ½'::-,!

•..:._,..JI I...,» ...--11 lj~.J c-h,'! lAJ-'-';.J ~ I

LJ-" u..J.. .,)) lj-'Y. - LJ-" .--,i1 l..j':i/ .j -.b.!.; Y.' llfo.JY. 30 : b ~ L:P i_)yc. : ~ I r\..l!..ill .y
. lA}~.i;I_, ~yoll ~ I ..,.WI Jh:, \.,..... ¼\\;4!1 ..:..'.4Ltill

-3

-clilll :,.;.I.,... &.it..:....JI r4YI <S.;,-U"' iJ,,,l' <F' tJ--1 \f.;.t:u), ~I u.fo... &.it..:....JI r4'il <S.;,- .y
( ~ .l..l) - ~ :bll.. ,.-JI ..,.....s._, ~ I . ) ! ~ .;.;.._, -...i..,.111_, .--,ii <F' .,~.,. lgG f:Y LJ-" o.it..:....ll r4YI wY -4

7
 State Of Palestine ~4lJJ
Ministry of Education & Higher i.,lla.ll ~)J ~.)lll bUJ
Education ~ I JW. ~)J ~.)lll

'"2024-2023 'f""),lll f\all rr-"~I ~ I f.J&II u~I

~l:tfal

( ~ 20) : U'"'l.i.ll Jl..,.ll

(.:.~S) .I
Jfo.-1"'..) (4) ..:..L...tfi~L (3) ~_,i .;_,_foll~ (2) .;t .;_,..... rU;; (1) r'J -1
wl.'.u_j;,. 10 . ~\.;JI ATP du)?-_,.,._ - - - - - ~I wl.'.u_j;,. 5 (5) r'J -2
( ~ ...i-l) NADH.:,.. wl.'.u)?- 4 -3
y_, ..:..Ll_,_fol;iu ~_,.. y ~.J (..:..u_,.JiSJ;)ll ~ I jl••.JI) J}.11 <£'_,.;.JI .-Ui.lll <I' .L.1I J6.:, l"'YI ,~_, .-~ y;,..,, 4
( ~ ...i-l) . (5) y_, <£''- J6.:, y_, ,\..:,.) (6) y_, JI.Pl~ r.li.1..J
(...i-lJ ~ ) -5

30 i;l~l4jl

(.:.~ S) .y
-1

~l l~ :i i: X
d.illi I j_..b..l I

l :i :l :l l X
:..:, lsuJ I j l_..b.J I

u~~5 -2
%95 -3

8
 State Of Palestine ~4lJJ
Ministry of Education & Higher i.,lla.ll ~ ) J ~.)lll WJ
Education ~ I JW. ~ ) J ~.)lll

~ \ =e,ill
(u~6) -~
-1
. % 55 .t
· r ~ -:..u_,..fi •r~\Sll d.il.. cJ.. / ,J,,all ..ts: .;,n ·Y
~ I &\Jill <F' uli..._,ill_, r~ISll ._,-l.-1..1 <F' t+"-' <F' J.,,~1 0,-..,,. <}, 0:--¥ -~
('--'~) .,-i11 <i r ~ I ..,.._.; ~ . ,

-2
-:..L.k 7 .I
(....,._;J '--'~) ............ U..}I ....J... • ~ • ~ •Y
lf.l...,_;;:;_, u.,...... <i ~.>" ,:;_,s:._, ul,ui ~ I ia\.JI.} J_,i.!. .,J::4 .:,- .i:w "+"~Y-'.>! ,ll_,j/ ~ 1 4)L;J1 J.-:;:; -~
ul_,JI .b\,,l_;I <i ~_;a.II .:.,L.SJ_,i ul_,JI .... I...:,_, ~l~I_, ~ 4 IA,_,;,~_.,...,~.,~ yt..-1 ~I U")\.& ,u
(~) .~I t" U")\.&
(~) utlll u_,~I .2 ._.Njll J\l...JI .1 .,

(u~ 4) .J

(2) -.llWI (~ ~ I y..il -1

.(1) _,.!_,\II -.llWI (y)
~½JfSII ~ I j ~ -2
..,.JUI DNA ,\f,.y..,,. «k ,1...:,,,.-;~ ._;~ J~ <t" IA..u.>- .,J::4 DNA J....i: .u-. t.,,,._
(u~) . J..,il; ..,-It.!~_,~~ o--f t.._ Ji-'-;I .w..11 ,:;_,s;._, -_,.JI -,..l,,ill

~J (:1.i,,ll.:..JI rli_,lll I~ L.) _,,;.'/ .;,_ ....i:...:,_, .i...l_,ll ,_Jill~ -:..1~~~1 -:..L.,,U:. w- )fo 'I" :¥!,i_,11 .i......,.11 -3
('--'~) • (ACAT) l+.!l-, a.'-;1 .;,__, ._,-~'-;1 u:1 Jfo-' ~1.bw'-;1 tilll

9
 State Of Palestine ~4lJJ
Ministry of Education & Higher i.,lla.ll ~)J ~.)lll WJ
Education ~ I JW. ~)J ~.)lll

~ \ =e,ill
(4-t::U:. 20) :,,,...il....JI Jl..,.ll
(.:.~S) .I
(4-.~ ........) ATP 2 -1

(........
_,~) u,,.fi. ..:..i; 3 (6) ~Y' u,,.fi ufai> (3) ~Y' u.,,.fi ..:..i; 3 (1) ~Y' -2
(4-.~) NADH 4 : 5 ~_>&II= • CO2 4 : 2 ~_>&II= -3

(~) ~\A.ill Jl:-..1 .;~1 ~ I :.;~ yw :(y) ,..:.,f,.,Y./ .;If.II ~ I : ~ yw :(I)~ -4

(~) ADP 8 -5

(.:.~S) ...,.
2 8-z!l AAv -1
: _foll ..:.,~~ -2
-3

WA

zazw AAY ZWZ.8 AA

2/3 -4
(.:.~ S) ·[
(~) . ~ I ._,:..\,ii.ii ._J)L;.. ~ I <f' r-111 t li,;I .:,. ~llll r.ill .hi..:. _yr,_, ',f"""'l,,i;YI ~ I Y!-'/ (I) ,.f' _,k-1 ~ I -1
(~...i...) ..;";il,.~-2
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.lf-iui=JI Jt..:
.&.>;}11 .} ..:..L.t.....ll .i»J Y!-'/ -4

• ~1..!.a.11 .;,w1 / .w.~ ~;.i / ..;j_,,..}11 .:U!i>l': .L.J)4ll cl.i.,,1 .I -5

l... <J:f-l'_,ll f a ~ - ' 4li.i _,k. J,w c;:.11 ~ I Y :~~I_, &l_,lll •~I r.ill ;~I .y
,½_,..ill ..:.,l~I ?. »_>&II ..,;J"

10
 State Of Palestine ~4lJJ
Ministry of Education & Higher i,,lla.ll ~)J ~.)lll WJ
Education ~ I JW. ~)J ~.)lll

._.;~I f.,..SI : ~ I ~ I :e,AJ1

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.J.yl .__...i';.J ½_,...lll o;'.ciJI .t;fi,. •~I

(.:.~ 5) .J

( ~ ...i.-.) ·'£"!.t,ll JJ_)I tlilll ifa.JA -1

(.t.~ ...i.-.) .o....ibly ~I....)., rUWl ~\Shi - L... 4.l_,.!.i. _pl,..;) Li.J~I ~.,J J-i.. ylf:.11 -2

(.t.~ ...i....a) . .h..._,:...11 ~i-11 ..>¥' _;.._JA-3

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.~l,JI ~ I ~)WI 4.lfo ~:,Ji

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CF- -7
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11