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 images as two-dimensional arrays of pixel values. This extra coverage
will be particularly helpful for students taking an AP/CS A course
because of the heavy emphasis on two-dimensional arrays on the AP
exam.

Expanded self-checks and programming exercises. Many chapters have

received new self-check problems and programming exercises. There
are roughly fifty total problems and exercises per chapter, all of which
have been class-tested with real students and have solutions provided for
instructors on our web site.

Since the publication of our third edition, Java 8 has been released. This new
version supports a style of programming known as functional programming
that is gaining in popularity because of its ability to simply express complex
algorithms that are more easily executed in parallel on machines with
multiple processors. ACM and IEEE have released new guidelines for
undergraduate computer science curricula, including a strong
recommendation to cover functional programming concepts.

We have added a new Chapter 19 that covers most of the functional concepts
from the new curriculum guidelines. The focus is on concepts, not on
language features. As a result, it provides an introduction to several new Java
8 constructs but not a comprehensive coverage of all new language features.
This provides flexibility to instructors since functional programming features
can be covered as an advanced independent topic, incorporated along the
way, or skipped entirely. Instructors can choose to start covering functional
constructs along with traditional constructs as early as Chapter 6. See the
dependency chart at the end of this section.

The following features have been retained from previous editions:

Focus on problem solving. Many textbooks focus on language details

when they introduce new constructs. We focus instead on problem
solving. What new problems can be solved with each construct? What
pitfalls are novices likely to encounter along the way? What are the most
common ways to use a new construct?

Emphasis on algorithmic thinking. Our procedural approach allows us to

 emphasize algorithmic problem solving: breaking a large problem into
smaller problems, using pseudocode to refine an algorithm, and
grappling with the challenge of expressing a large program
algorithmically.

Layered approach. Programming in Java involves many concepts that

are difficult to learn all at once. Teaching Java to a novice is like trying
to build a house of cards. Each new card has to be placed carefully. If
the process is rushed and you try to place too many cards at once, the
entire structure collapses. We teach new concepts gradually, layer by
layer, allowing students to expand their understanding at a manageable
pace.

Case studies. We end most chapters with a significant case study that
shows students how to develop a complex program in stages and how to
test it as it is being developed. This structure allows us to demonstrate
each new programming construct in a rich context that can't be achieved
with short code examples. Several of the case studies were expanded
and improved in the second edition.

Utility as a CS1+CS2 textbook. In recent editions, we added chapters

that extend the coverage of the book to cover all of the topics from our
second course in computer science, making the book usable for a two-
course sequence. Chapters 12–19 explore recursion, searching and
sorting, stacks and queues, collection implementation, linked lists,
binary trees, hash tables, heaps, and more. Chapter 12 also received a
section on recursive backtracking, a powerful technique for exploring a
set of possibilities for solving problems such as 8 Queens and Sudoku.

Layers and Dependencies

Many introductory computer science books are language-oriented, but the
early chapters of our book are layered. For example, Java has many control
structures (including for-loops, while-loops, and if/else-statements), and
many books include all of these control structures in a single chapter. While
that might make sense to someone who already knows how to program, it can
be overwhelming for a novice who is learning how to program. We find that
it is much more effective to spread these control structures into different
chapters so that students learn one structure at a time rather than trying to
learn them all at once.

The following table shows how the layered approach works in the first six
chapters:

Control Programming
Chapter Data Input/Output
Flow Techniques
procedural
1 methods String literals println, print
decomposition
definite variables, local variables, class
2 loops expressions, constants,
(for) int, double pseudocode
console input, 2D
return
3 using objects parameters graphics
values
(optional)
conditional char pre/post conditions, printf
4
(if/else) throwing exceptions
indefinite
assertions, robust
5 loops boolean
programs
(while)
token/line-based file
6 Scanner file I/O
processing

Chapters 1–6 are designed to be worked through in order, with greater

flexibility of study then beginning in Chapter 7. Chapter 6 may be skipped,
although the case study in Chapter 7 involves reading from a file, a topic that
is covered in Chapter 6.

The following is a dependency chart for the book:

Supplements
http://www.buildingjavaprograms.com/

Answers to all self-check problems appear on our web site and are accessible
to anyone. Our web site has the following additional resources for students:

Online-only supplemental chapters, such as a chapter on creating

Graphical User Interfaces

Source code and data files for all case studies and other complete
program examples

The DrawingPanel class used in the optional graphics Supplement 3G

Our web site has the following additional resources for teachers:

PowerPoint slides suitable for lectures

Solutions to exercises and programming projects, along with homework

specification documents for many projects

Sample exams and solution keys

Additional lab exercises and programming exercises with solution keys

Closed lab creation tools to produce lab handouts with the instructor's
choice of problems integrated with the textbook

To access protected instructor resources, contact us at

authors@buildingjavaprograms.com. The same materials are also available at
http://www.pearsonhighered.com/cs-resources. To receive a password for this
site or to ask other questions related to resources, contact your Pearson sales
representative.

MyProgrammingLab
MyProgrammingLab is an online practice and assessment tool that helps
students fully grasp the logic, semantics, and syntax of programming.
Through practice exercises and immediate, personalized feedback,
MyProgrammingLab improves the programming competence of beginning
students who often struggle with basic concepts and paradigms of popular
high-level programming languages. A self-study and homework tool, the
MyProgrammingLab course consists of hundreds of small practice exercises
organized around the structure of this textbook. For students, the system
automatically detects errors in the logic and syntax of code submissions and
offers targeted hints that enable students to figure out what went wrong, and
why. For instructors, a comprehensive grade book tracks correct and
incorrect answers and stores the code inputted by students for review.

For a full demonstration, to see feedback from instructors and students, or to

adopt MyProgrammingLab for your course, visit the following web site:
http://www.myprogramminglab.com/

VideoNotes

We have recorded a series of instructional videos to accompany the textbook.

They are available at the following web site: www.pearsonhighered.com/cs-
resources

Roughly 3–4 videos are posted for each chapter. An icon in the margin of the
page indicates when a VideoNote is available for a given topic. In each video,
we spend 5–15 minutes walking through a particular concept or problem,
talking about the challenges and methods necessary to solve it. These videos
make a good supplement to the instruction given in lecture classes and in the
textbook. Your new copy of the textbook has an access code that will allow
you to view the videos.
Acknowledgments
First, we would like to thank the many colleagues, students, and teaching
assistants who have used and commented on early drafts of this text. We
could not have written this book without their input. Special thanks go to
Hélène Martin, who pored over early versions of our first edition chapters to
find errors and to identify rough patches that needed work. We would also
like to thank instructor Benson Limketkai for spending many hours
performing a technical proofread of the second edition.

Second, we would like to thank the talented pool of reviewers who guided us
in the process of creating this textbook:

Greg Anderson, Weber State University

Delroy A. Brinkerhoff, Weber State University

Ed Brunjes, Miramar Community College

Tom Capaul, Eastern Washington University

Tom Cortina, Carnegie Mellon University

Charles Dierbach, Towson University

H.E. Dunsmore, Purdue University

Michael Eckmann, Skidmore College

Mary Anne Egan, Siena College

Leonard J. Garrett, Temple University

Ahmad Ghafarian, North Georgia College & State University

Raj Gill, Anne Arundel Community College

Michael Hostetler, Park University

David Hovemeyer, York College of Pennsylvania

Chenglie Hu, Carroll College

Philip Isenhour, Virginia Polytechnic Institute

Andree Jacobson, University of New Mexico

David C. Kamper, Sr., Northeastern Illinois University

Simon G.M. Koo, University of San Diego

Evan Korth, New York University

Joan Krone, Denison University

John H.E.F. Lasseter, Fairfield University

Eric Matson, Wright State University

Kathryn S. McKinley, University of Texas, Austin

Jerry Mead, Bucknell University

George Medelinskas, Northern Essex Community College

John Neitzke, Truman State University

Dale E. Parson, Kutztown University

Richard E. Pattis, Carnegie Mellon University

Frederick Pratter, Eastern Oregon University

Roger Priebe, University of Texas, Austin

Dehu Qi, Lamar University

John Rager, Amherst College

Amala V.S. Rajan, Middlesex University

Craig Reinhart, California Lutheran University

Mike Scott, University of Texas, Austin

Alexa Sharp, Oberlin College

Tom Stokke, University of North Dakota

Leigh Ann Sudol, Fox Lane High School

Ronald F. Taylor, Wright State University

Andy Ray Terrel, University of Chicago

Scott Thede, DePauw University

Megan Thomas, California State University, Stanislaus

Dwight Tuinstra, SUNY Potsdam

Jeannie Turner, Sayre School

Tammy VanDeGrift, University of Portland

Thomas John VanDrunen, Wheaton College

Neal R. Wagner, University of Texas, San Antonio

Jiangping Wang, Webster University

Yang Wang, Missouri State University

Stephen Weiss, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Laurie Werner, Miami University

 Dianna Xu, Bryn Mawr College

Carol Zander, University of Washington, Bothell

Finally, we would like to thank the great staff at Pearson who helped produce
the book. Michelle Brown, Jeff Holcomb, Maurene Goo, Patty Mahtani,
Nancy Kotary, and Kathleen Kenny did great work preparing the first edition.
Our copy editors and the staff of Aptara Corp, including Heather Sisan, Brian
Baker, Brendan Short, and Rachel Head, caught many errors and improved
the quality of the writing. Marilyn Lloyd and Chelsea Bell served well as
project manager and editorial assistant respectively on prior editions. For
their help with the third edition we would like to thank Kayla Smith-Tarbox,
Production Project Manager, and Jenah Blitz-Stoehr, Computer Science
Editorial Assistant. Mohinder Singh and the staff at Aptara, Inc., were also
very helpful in the final production of the third edition. For their great work
on production of the fourth edition, we thank Louise Capulli and the staff of
Lakeside Editorial Services, along with Carole Snyder at Pearson. Special
thanks go to our lead editor at Pearson, Matt Goldstein, who has believed in
the concept of our book from day one. We couldn't have finished this job
without all of their hard work and support.

Stuart Reges

Marty Stepp
Break through
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Programming Practice
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reserved. HELO88173 · 11/15

LOCATION OF VIDEO NOTES IN THE TEXT

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Chapter 1 Pages 31, 40

Chapter 2 Pages 65, 74, 89, 97, 110
Chapter 3 Pages 141, 156, 161, 167
Chapter 3G Pages 197, 215
Chapter 4 Pages 243, 251, 278
Chapter 5 Pages 324, 327, 329, 333, 356
Chapter 6 Pages 396, 409, 423
Chapter 7 Pages 458, 465, 484, 505
Chapter 8 Pages 535, 547, 555, 568
Chapter 9 Pages 597, 610, 626
Chapter 10 Pages 672, 677, 686
Chapter 11 Pages 716, 729, 737
Chapter 12 Pages 764, 772, 809
Chapter 13 Pages 834, 837, 843
Chapter 14 Pages 889, 896
Chapter 15 Pages 930, 936, 940
Chapter 16 Pages 972, 979, 992
Chapter 17 Pages 1037, 1038, 1048
Chapter 18 Pages 1073, 1092
Brief Contents
1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Java Programming 1

2. Chapter 2 Primitive Data and Definite Loops 63

3. Chapter 3 Introduction to Parameters and Objects 137

4. Supplement 3G Graphics (Optional) 196

5. Chapter 4 Conditional Execution 238

6. Chapter 5 Program Logic and Indefinite Loops 315

7. Chapter 6 File Processing 387

8. Chapter 7 Arrays 443

9. Chapter 8 Classes 530

10. Chapter 9 Inheritance and Interfaces 587

11. Chapter 10 ArrayLists 662

12. Chapter 11 Java Collections Framework 715

13. Chapter 12 Recursion 754

14. Chapter 13 Searching and Sorting 832

15. Chapter 14 Stacks and Queues 884

16. Chapter 15 Implementing a Collection Class 922

17. Chapter 16 Linked Lists 965

18. Chapter 17 Binary Trees 1017

19. Chapter 18 Advanced Data Structures 1071

20. Chapter 19 Functional Programming with Java 1107

1. Appendix A Java Summary 1149

2. Appendix B The Java API Specification and Javadoc Comments 1164

3. Appendix C Additional Java Syntax 1170

Contents
1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Java Programming 1

1. 1.1 Basic Computing Concepts 2

1. Why Programming? 2

2. Hardware and Software 3

3. The Digital Realm 4

4. The Process of Programming 6

5. Why Java? 7

6. The Java Programming Environment 8

2. 1.2 And Now—Java 10

1. String Literals (Strings) 14

2. System.out.println 15

3. Escape Sequences 15

4. print versus println 17

5. Identifiers and Keywords 18

6. A Complex Example: DrawFigures1 20

7. Comments and Readability 21

3. 1.3 Program Errors 24

1. Syntax Errors 24
 2. Logic Errors (Bugs) 28

4. 1.4 Procedural Decomposition 28

1. Static Methods 31

2. Flow of Control 34

3. Methods That Call Other Methods 36

4. An Example Runtime Error 39

5. 1.5 Case Study: DrawFigures 40

1. Structured Version 41

2. Final Version without Redundancy 43

3. Analysis of Flow of Execution 44

2. Chapter 2 Primitive Data and Definite Loops 63

1. 2.1 Basic Data Concepts 64

1. Primitive Types 64

2. Expressions 65

3. Literals 67

4. Arithmetic Operators 68

5. Precedence 70

6. Mixing Types and Casting 73

2. 2.2 Variables 74

1. Assignment/Declaration Variations 79
 2. String Concatenation 82

3. Increment/Decrement Operators 84

4. Variables and Mixing Types 87

3. 2.3 The for Loop 89

1. Tracing for Loops 91

2. for Loop Patterns 95

3. Nested for Loops 97

4. 2.4 Managing Complexity 99

1. Scope 99

2. Pseudocode 105

3. Class Constants 108

5. 2.5 Case Study: Hourglass Figure 110

1. Problem Decomposition and Pseudocode 111

2. Initial Structured Version 113

3. Adding a Class Constant 114

4. Further Variations 117

3. Chapter 3 Introduction to Parameters and Objects 137

1. 3.1 Parameters 138

1. The Mechanics of Parameters 141

2. Limitations of Parameters 145

Another random document with
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 CHAPTER XXXIV.
It was getting dark when the dogcart drove up to Oldcastle Farm.
The front door which had been partly destroyed by the forcible entry
of the police was open, and both gentlemen were inclined to the
conclusion that the lonely tenant of the house had left it. They were
confirmed in this opinion when, on ringing the bell, they found no
notice taken of their summons.
“Poor lad’s turned it up,” said Captain Mulgrave turning to Thurley
with a nod.
“It looks like it.”
They tied the horse up to an iron ring in the farm-house wall
provided for such purposes, and went inside, leaving Freda, who
now hung back a little, to come in or not, as she pleased. As soon as
the two gentlemen had gone down the entrance hall, Freda slipped
in after them, and waited to see which way they would turn. After a
glance into the rooms to right and left, they went through into the
court-yard. Taking for granted that Dick had at last followed the only
possible course of abandoning the old shell of what had been his
boyhood’s home, they were going, by Thurley’s demand, to explore
those recesses where the smuggled goods had formerly been
stored.
Freda knew better than they. Tripping quickly through the empty
rooms and passages, she reached the door of the banqueting-hall,
but was suddenly seized with a fit of shyness when she heard the
sound of a man coughing. However, she conquered this feeling
sufficiently to open the door under cover of the noise Dick made in
poking the fire, and then she stood just inside, shy again. Dick felt
the draught from the open door, turned and saw her. He was sitting
in his own chair by the fire, with the old dog still at his feet. The
shadows were already black under the high windows on the side of
the court-yard, but the light from the west was still strong enough for
Freda to see a flash of pleasure come into his face as he caught
sight of her.
 “You have a bad cold,” she said in a constrained voice, coming
shyly forward as he almost ran to meet her.
“Yes, there’s a broken window up there,” said he, glancing
upwards, “and—and the curtains the spiders make are not very
thick.”
“Poor Dick!”
She said it in such a heartfelt tone of commiseration that the tears
came into his eyes, and when she saw them, a sympathetic mist
came over her eyes too.
“They think you have gone away,” she said in a whisper, glancing
up at the windows which overlooked the court-yard, “but I knew
better!”
“Who are ‘they’?”
“My father and Mr. Thurley.”
“Your father! I didn’t know that he was alive till yesterday. What will
he do? There will be all sorts of difficulties about the trick he played.”
“He will have to go away. But he seems rather glad; he is tired of
living up here, he says.”
She spoke rather sadly.
“And you?” said Dick.
“Oh, I’m not tired of it. I think the old Abbey-church the most
beautiful place in the world. I should like to spend my life here.”
“And will you go away with him?”
“No, he is going to take me back to the convent.”
“What! For ever? For altogether? Will you be a nun?”
“Yes.”
“Do you like that?” asked Dick very earnestly, “to go and waste
your youth and your prettiness, shut up with a lot of sour old women
who were too ugly to get themselves husbands?”
Freda laughed a little.
“Oh, you don’t know anything about it,” she said, shaking her
head, “they are not at all like that.”
“But do you seriously like the thought of going back as much as
you liked the thought of being a nun before you left the convent?”
There was a long pause. At last:
“No-o,” said Freda very softly. “But—it’s better than what I should
have had to do if I hadn’t chosen that!”
 “What was that?”
“Marry Mr. Thurley.”
Dick started and grew very red.
“Oh, yes, it is better than that, much better,” he assented heartily.
“Yes, I—I thought you’d think so.”
She said this because they were both getting rather flurried and
excited, and she felt a little awkward. Both were leaning against the
table, and tapping their fingers on it. Something therefore had to be
said, but in a moment she felt it was not the right thing. For Dick
began to breathe hard, and to grow restless, as he said quickly:
“You see it’s not as if some young fellow of a suitable age, whom
you—whom you—rather liked, could ever have a chance of—of
asking you to be his wife. That would be a different thing altogether.”
“Ah, yes, if I were not lame! If I could ride, and row, and—and sail
a boat!” said Freda with a quavering voice.
“No, no, just as you are, the sweetest, the dearest little——”
He stopped short, got up abruptly, and rushed at the fire, which he
poked so vigorously that it went out. Then, quite subdued, he turned
again to Freda, and holding his hands behind him, as he stood in a
defiant attitude with his back to the fireplace, he asked abruptly:
“Would you like to know what I’ve been making up my mind to do,
during these days that I’ve been living here like a rat in a hole?”
“Ye-es,” said Freda without looking up.
“Well, you’ll be shocked. At least, perhaps you won’t be, but
anybody else would be. I’m going to turn farm-labourer, and here, in
the very neighbourhood where I was brought up a gentleman, as
they call it.”
The girl raised her head quickly, and looked him straight in the
face, with shining, straightforward eyes.
“I think it is very brave of you,” she said in a high, clear voice.
“Hundreds of well educated young fellows,” he went on, flushed by
her encouragement, “go out to Manitoba, and Texas, and those
places, and do that or anything to keep themselves, and nobody
thinks the less of them. Why shouldn’t I do the same here, in my own
country, where I know something about the way of farming, which
will all come in by-and-by? You see, I know my family’s disgraced,
through my—my unfortunate cousin’s escapade; for even if it’s
brought in manslaughter in a quarrel, as some of them say, he’ll get
penal servitude. But, disgrace or no disgrace, I can’t bring myself to
leave the old haunts; and as I’ve no money to farm this place, I’ll get
work either here, if it lets, or somewhere near, if it doesn’t. I’ve made
up my mind.”
The obstinate look which Freda had seen on his face before came
out more strongly than ever as he said these words. During the
pause that followed, they heard voices and footsteps approaching,
and then Captain Mulgrave opened the door. The breaking up of the
organisation he had worked so long seemed already to have had a
good moral effect on him, for he spoke cheerfully as he turned to
John Thurley, who followed him.
“Here’s the hermit! but oh, who’s this in the anchorite’s cell with
him? Why, it’s the nun!”
John Thurley looked deeply annoyed. He had an Englishman’s
natural feeling that he was very much the superior of a man who
looked underfed; and it was this haggard-faced young fellow who, as
he rightly guessed, had been the chief cause of the failure of his own
suit. Captain Mulgrave’s good-humored amusement over the
discovery of the young people together woke in him, therefore, no
responsive feeling. Before they were well in the room, Freda had
slipped out of it, through the door by the fireplace, and was making
her way up to the outer wall. Dick was at first inclined to be annoyed
at the interruption; but when Captain Mulgrave explained the object
of his visit and that of his companion, the young man’s joy at the
project they came to suggest was unbounded. This was the setting
up of himself to farm the land, for the benefit of his aunt, to whom it
had been left for life.
“Mr. Thurley is a connection of hers and wishes to see some
provision made for her. So, as I felt sure you would be glad to do
your best for her too,” continued Captain Mulgrave, “and as you have
some knowledge of farming, I suggested setting you up in a small
way as farmer here, and extending operations if you proved
successful. How would that meet your views?”
Dick was overwhelmed; he could scarcely answer coherently.
“I never expected such happiness, sir,” he stammered, in a low
voice. “I would rather follow the plough on this farm than be a
millionaire, anywhere else. Why,” he went on after a moment’s
pause, in a tone of eager delight, “I might—marry!”
He flushed crimson as Captain Mulgrave began to laugh.
“Well,” said the latter, “I don’t know that you could do better. You
were always a good lad at heart, and my quarrel was never with you,
but with your cousin. He used your services for his own advantage,
but I must do you the justice to say it was never for yours. So find a
wife if you can; I think you’re the sort to treat a woman well.”
Dick took the suggestion literally, and acted upon it at once.
Leaving the two other men together in the darkening room, with
some sort of excuse about seeing after the house, he went outside
into the court-yard, and soon spied out Freda on the ruined outer
wall. He was beside her in a few moments, looking down at her with
a radiant face.
“I’m going to stay here—on the farm—to manage it myself—to be
master here.”
“Oh, Dick!” was all the girl could say, in a breathless way.
“It sounds too good for belief, doesn’t it? But it’s true. That old
Thurley must be a good fellow, for he’s going to help to start me. It’s
for my aunt’s benefit he’s doing it; he’s a connection of hers.”
“Oh, Dick, if you had had a fairy’s wish, you couldn’t have chosen
more, could you?”
There was a pause before Dick answered, and during that pause
he began to get nervous. At last he said:
“There is one more thing. Your father said——”
A pause.
“Well, what did my father say?”
“He said—I might marry. Is—it true?”
And it took Dick very few minutes to find out that it was.

THE END.
 TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES.
Florence Warden was the pseudonym of Florence Alice (Price)
James.
Minor spelling inconsistencies (e.g. back-door/back door,
farmhouse/farm-house, etc.) have been preserved.

Alterations to the text:

Add TOC.
Punctuation fixes: sentences missing periods, quotation mark
pairings, etc.
[Chapter XIII]
Change “in which the jury had veiwed her father’s body” to viewed.
[Chapter XXXI]
“and the other asked the way to Oldastle Farm.” to Oldcastle.
“a good suggestion; and Dick took advantage af it.” to of.

[End of text]
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