History Jss1 Lesson Plan For Third Term 2023

HISTORY JSS 1
THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK 2022/2023
WEEK TOPICS
1 Revision
2&3 Major Centralized states in Pre-colonial Nigeria: definition &

characteristics, Examples of major centralized States re-colonial
Nigeria, Advantages & disadvantages
4&5 Major Centralized states in Pre-colonial Nigeria: Kanem-Borno Empire
& Hausa land: Location, origin, reasons for their rise, Socio-political
structure, Achievement of great Kings and Queens
6 Major centralized states: Nupe, Jakuri, Igala, etc
7 Mid-Term Break
8&9 Major Centralized States: Oyo Empire & Benin Kimgdom
10 Major centralized states in Nigeria Coastal Zones, ie Niger Delta City:

Calabar
11 Revision
12 Examination
LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK ONE & TWO
SUBJECT: HISTORY
DATE:24th –28th April/ 1st -5th, May, 2023.
CLASS: J.S.S 1
DURATION: 80 Minutes (40 Minutes per period)
PERIOD: 1st & 2nd Periods
TOPIC: MAJOR CENTRALIZED STATES IN PRE-COLONIAL NIGERIA
TEXTBOOK: Victor Osaro Edo et al: (2018) Evans Effective History For JSS 1, Evans
Brothers (Nigeria Publishers)Limited, First Edition
REFERENCE MATERIALS
1. Victor Osaro Edo et al: (2018) Evans Effective History For JSS 1, Evans Brothers
(Nigeria Publishers)Limited, First Edition
2. Josiah Seeker et al:(2020) Extended History for Nigerian JSS 1,Learning
Solution Specialty Publications LTD. First Published 2020
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: A Map of Nigeria showing various centralized states in

Pre-Colonial Nigeria
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: The students are familiar with kings like Aalafin of Oyo, Sultan
of Sokoto, Oba of Benin, etc who are examples of centralized rulers in Pre-colonial
Nigeria.
BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Identify the location of centralized states on the map of Nigeria.

2. Define centralized state in pre-colonial Nigeria.
3. State examples of major centralized states in pre-colonial Nigeria.
4. State the characteristics of centralized states in pre-colonial Nigeria.
CONTENT: MAJOR CENTRALIZED STATES IN PRE-COLONIAL NIGERIA.

A centralized state is a state in which
power and authority were concentrated
in the hands of a single ruler. The rulers
of centralized states could be kings or
queens, who ruled with the assistance
of some subordinate officials. These
officials occupied different positions in
the state. The major centralized states
were kingdoms and empires with large
geographical areas, ruled by powerful
traditional rulers and had powerful
armies which existed before the coming
of the Europeans.
MAJOR EXAMPLES OF CENTRALIZED
STATES IN PRE-COLONIAL NIGERIA
1. Hausa State
2. Kanem-Borno Empire
3. Benin Kingdom
4. Nupe Kingdom
5. Oyo Empire
6. Igala Kingdom
7. Niger Delta States
8. Calabar
CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRALIZED
STATES
1. Power and authority were
concentrated in the hands of a single
ruler.
2. There were some forms of checks
and balances.
3. There was a large standing army.
They were for defence, kingdom
expansion and slave trade.
4. There was a justice system.
5. There was fusion of power, ie the
king or queen exercised executive,
legislative and judicial powers.
6. They were rules by powerful kings
or queens (they were absolute
monarchs)
7. They were administered from
capital cities e.g Sokoto and
Gwandu were the two capital cities of
Hausa States, Oyo was the capital of
Yoruba kingdom, and Benin City was
the capital of Benin Kingdom.
8. Large geographical areas.
PRESENTATION:
STEP 1: The teacher introduces the new topic by asking the students questions
based on their previous knowledge
STEP 2: The teacher guides the students to identify the locations of centralized
states in Pre-colonial nigeria
STEP 3: The teacher guides the students to define or describe the term,
centralized states in pre-colonial Nigeria.
STEP 4: The teacher asks the students to state major examples of centralized
states in Pre-colonial Nigeria, afterwards stating the examples for clarifications
STEP 5: The teacher guides the students to state the characteristics of major
centralized states in pre-colonial Nigeria, and afterwards stating the
characteristics for better understanding
STEP 6: The teacher writes the content note on the board for the students to
copy and afterwards, responds to questions from the students and marks the
students’ notebooks..
EVALUATION: The students are evaluated with the following questions:
1. Mention the locations of major centralized states in pre-colonial Nigeria on the

map of Nigeria
2. Describe or define centralized state in pre-colonial Nigeria.
3. State 4 examples of centralized states in Nigeria
4. State 4 characteristics of centralized states in pre-colonial Nigeria.
CONCLUSION: Teacher summarizes the lesson by ensuring the students copy their
notes, marks the notebooks and responds to questions from the students.
ASSIGNMENT:
State four officials who worked with the Emirs in the administration of the Hausa States during
the pre-colonial era
LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK THREE
SUBJECT: HISTORY
DATE: 8th – 12th May, 2023.
CLASS: J.S.S 1
TOPIC: MAJOR CENTRALIZED STATES IN PRE-COLONIAL NIGERIA
REFERENCE MATERIALS

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: The students are familiar with kings like Alaafin of Oyo, Sultan
Nigeria.
1. State the advantages of centralized states in pre-colonial Nigeria.

2. State the disadvantages of centralized states in pre-colonial Nigeria.
CONTENT: MAJOR CENTRALIZED STATES IN PRE-COLONIAL NIGERIA.
ADVANTAGES OF CENTRALIZED STATES IN PRE-COLONIAL NIGERIA
1.It promotes strong and powerful government

2.It creates sense of oneness and unity
3.It reduces cost of governance
4.It helps in the control of finance
5.It promotes the defence of the territory through
the standing army
DISADVANTAGES OF CENTRALIZED STATES IN
PRE-COLONIAL WESTERN SUDAN
1.It may lead to dictatorship
2.It may lead to imbalance in economic
development due to its largeness
3.It does not encourage solid grassroots
participation
4.It hinders the raising of future leaders
5.It leads to communication between the central
government and the units.
PRESENTATION:
STEP 2: The teacher guides the students to identify the locations of centralized
states in Pre-colonial nigeria
STEP 3: The teacher guides the students to define or describe the term,
centralized states in pre-colonial Nigeria.
STEP 4: The teacher asks the students to state major examples of centralized
states in Pre-colonial Nigeria, afterwards stating the examples for clarifications
STEP 5: The teacher guides the students to state the characteristics of major
centralized states in pre-colonial Nigeria, and afterwards stating the
characteristics for better understanding
3. Mention the locations of major centralized states in pre-colonial Nigeria on the

map of Nigeria
4. Describe or define centralized state in pre-colonial Nigeria.
5. State 4 examples of centralized states in Nigeria
6. State 4 characteristics of centralized states in pre-colonial Nigeria.
ASSIGNMENT:
LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK FOUR & FIVE
SUBJECT: HISTORY
DATE: 15th –19th /22nd – 26th May, 2023.
CLASS: J.S.S 1
TOPIC: CENTRALIZED STATES IN PRE-COLONIAL NIGERIA: HAUSA STATES
REFERENCE MATERIALS

Nigeria.
1. State the origin of Hausa States

2. State the factors that led the rise of Hausa States in Pre-colonial Nigeria
3. State the factors that led its fall in pre-colonial Nigeria.
CONTENT: HAUSA STATES
The pre-colonial Hausa states in Nigeria can be studied in two perspectives for a better
understanding:
1. SARAUTA SYSTEM
Sarauta system, also known as the kingship system was headed by Hausa rulers
called Sarkin. This was divided into 7-Hausa City States called Habe Hausa. Each
Habe-Hausa state was headed by a Habe ruler known as Sarkin. This system was
abolished after the 1804 Islamic Jihad led by Usman Dan Fodio, A Fulani Islamic
Scholar. Dan Fodio removed all the Hausa Sarkins and replaced them with the
Fulani Emirs
2. EMIRATE SYSTEM OR SOKOTO CALIPHATE
The Emirate system was fully established in 1805 and was highly centralized.
The success of the 1804 Jihad led to the emergence of the Emirate system. The
emirate system was administered by Emirs who are both religious and political
heads. The emirs ruled with divine rights and they were very powerful. It was
ruled with Sharia laws. The emirate system comprised of the supreme
headquarters, district and village administration.
The Emirate was divided into two parts for administrative convenience, namely:
A. Eastern Part had its headquarters in Sokoto with Sultan as the Caliph
B. Western Part had its headquarters in Gwandu headed by an Emir
OTHER HIERARCHICAL OFFICIALS WHO WORKED WITH THE EMIRS
1. Waziri: Prime Minister

2. Galadima: Officer in-charge of the capital
3. Dogari: Head of police
4. Alkali judges: Judges based on Sharia laws
5. Hakimi: District head
6. Madawaki: Commander of the army
FACTORS THAT LED TO THE RISE OF HAUSA STATES
1. Soil fertility
2. Trade with other North Africans during the trans-Saharan trade.
3. Traditional industries like leather works, cloth weaving, kola nuts, and animal
hides.
4. Strong leadership and administrative competence.
5. Geographical location: The state was located at the route centres of the trans-
Saharan trade which generated revenue from traders, merchants and visitors.
FACTORS THAT LED TO THE FALLMOF HAUSA STATES
1. Constant attacks by enemies from the North African states due to jealousy and
envy
2. Lack of natural frontiers for protection during invasion
3. Constant wars and economics breakdown
4. The Fulani jihad of 1804 was the last straw which broke the camel’s back.
PRESENTATION:
STEP 2: The teacher guides the students to identify the location of Hausa States
in Pre-colonial Nigeria
STEP 3: The teacher guides the students to explain the two systems of
governance in Hausa State
STEP 4: The teacher asks the students to state the reasons for the rise of Hausa
States
STEP 5: The teacher guides the students to state the reasons for the collapse of
Hausa States
1. Explain the origin of Hausa States

2. State 4 officials that sworked with the Emirs
3. State 3 factors that the factors that led the rise of Hausa States in Pre-colonial
Nigeria
ASSIGNMENT:
LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK SIX
SUBJECT: HISTORY
DATE: 29th May - 2nd June,2023.
CLASS: J.S.S 1
TOPIC: KANEM-BORNU EMPIRE
REFERENCE MATERIALS

Nigeria.
1. State the origin of Kanem-Bornu Empire

2. Explain the two dynasties under the Kanem-Bornu Empire.
3. State the reasons for the fall of the Kanem-Bornu empire
CONTENT:
KANEM-BORNU EMPIRE
Kanem-Borno was one of the oldest kingdoms. It
was founded in 8th century and survived till 20th
century. It was hierarchical and centralized. It had
two dynasties namely;
1.Sefawa Dynasty
This was headed by a Mai. It was the longest
dynasty in West Africa, which lasted for 1000
years and collapsed in the 19th century. The
Mais of Kanem established their capital in Njimi.
There was contact between Kanem and North
Africa. In the 11th century, Mai Umme Jilmi was
converted to Islam and Kanem became an
influential Muslim state in central Sudan.
2.Shehu Dynasty: It was headed by a Shehu, It
emerged in the 19t h century following the
assistance El-Kanemi gave to the Mai during the
Fulani invasion. He later toppled the government
of Mai and took the title of Shehu which means
religious and political leadership, hence the
emergence of Shehu dynasty in Kanem-Bornu.
REASONS FOR THE FALL OF KANEM-BORNU
EMPIRE
1.The Sefewa dynasty started experiencing
decline and final collapse as a result dynastic
feuds
2.Attacks from external enemies.
3.Weak leadership after the death of Idris Aloma
PRESENTATION:
STEP 2: The teacher guides the students to explain the origin of Knem-Bornu
Empire
STEP 3: The teacher guides the students to explain the two dynasties under the
Kanem-Bornu Empire
STEP 4: The teacher guides the students to state the reasons for the decline of
the empire

ASSIGNMENT:
State four major leaders under the Kanem-Bornu Empire
Major centralized states: Nupe, Jakuri, Igala, etc
LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK FIVE & SIX
SUBJECT: HISTORY
DATE: 23rd – 27th / 30th May – 3rd June, 2022.
CLASS: J.S. S 1
TOPIC: KANEM-BORNU EMPIRE
REFERENCE MATERIALS

Nigeria.
1. Explain the Nupe
CONTENT:
NUPE KINGDOM
Nupe Kingdom was founded in the central part of Nigeria. It was located in parts of
present day Kogi, Kwara and Niger states. It became a strong force in central Nigeria
and beyond in the 15th Century. Towards the close of the 18th century, it adopted
Islam and it was absolved into Sokoto caliphate.
Political Organization of Nupe Kingdom
1. Etsu: He was the political head who had great power and influence on his
people
2. Nobility: Etsu’s powers were regulated by customs and taboos guided by a
class of gentlemen called nobility. They include officials with titles such as
Shaba, Kpotuh and Maku.
3. sss
PRESENTATION:
Empire
Kanem-Bornu Empire
the empire

ASSIGNMENT: State four major leaders under the Kanem-Bornu Empire
LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK EIGHT
SUBJECT: HISTORY
DATE: 23rd – 27th / 30th May – 3rd June, 2022.
CLASS: J.S. S 1
TOPIC: JAKURI EMPIRE
REFERENCE MATERIALS

Nigeria.
2. Explain the Nupe
CONTENT:
NUPE KINGDOM
Nupe Kingdom was founded by Tsoede in the central part of Nigeria in the 15th century.
It was located in parts of present day Kogi, Kwara and Niger states. It became a strong
force in central Nigeria and beyond in the 15th Century.Bida town was the capital.
Towards the close of the 18th century, it adopted Islam and it was absolved into
Sokoto caliphate.
Political Organization of Nupe Kingdom
1. Etsu: He was the political head who had great power and influence on his
people. The Nupe kingdom was divided into zones for administrative purposes.
2. Nobility: Etsu’s powers were regulated by customs and taboos guided by a
class of gentlemen called nobility. They include officials with titles such as
Shaba, Kpotuh and Maku.
3. Vassal states: These were territories captured and annexed to the Nupe
kingdom. Thy were called Outsiders or Zazi Kati, which included Bunu, Gbira,
Gbari, Kamberi, Yagba and others.
PRESENTATION:
Empire
Kanem-Bornu Empire
the empire

ASSIGNMENT:

LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK NINE
SUBJECT: HISTORY
DATE:
CLASS: J.S. S 1
TOPIC: JAKURI EMPIRE

REFERENCE MATERIALS

Nigeria.
3. Explain the Nupe
CONTENT:
IGALA KINGDOM
Igala kingdom was founded by Abutu-Eje in the 7th century. It existed around a
triangular domain over 100 kilometres north and south of River Niger and Benue in the
Middle Belt of Nigeria. It is also known as the Kingdom of Idah. The kingdom was
heavily influenced by Igbo, Yoruba, Bini and Jukun kingdoms.
SOCIO-POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF IGALA KINGDOM
1. The Attah (King): Political and religious leader of Igala people, the first Attah
was Ebule-Jonu, a woman who was succeeded by her brother, Agana-Poje, the
father of Idoko.
2. Igala-Mela: Council of 9 High Chiefs who ruled Igala kingdom. They were the
custodian of the sacred earth shrine of Igala.
3. The Royal Lineage: This was the four lineage groups who provided the
candidate for the position of Attah in succession. The lineage are Amacho,Itodo,
Aduga, Akogu, and Ocholi. Members formed the core of admin istration.
PRESENTATION:
Empire
Kanem-Bornu Empire
the empire
STEP 5s: The teacher writes the content note on the board for the students to

ASSIGNMENT:

LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK TEN
SUBJECT: HISTORY
DATE:
CLASS: J.S. S 1
st nd
PERIOD: 1 & 2 Periods
TOPIC: OYO EMPIRE
REFERENCE MATERIALS

Nigeria.
1. Explain the origin of Oyo kingdom

2. State factors that led to the growth and development of Oyo Kingdom
3. State the political organization of Oyo kingdom
4. State the factors that led to the collapse of Oyo kingdom
CONTENT:
OYO EMPIRE
Oyo empire was established in the forest belt of West Africa in the 15th century. It
came into prominence in the 18th and 19th century.
ORIGIN OF OYO EMPIRE

It was founded by Oranmiyan, the son of Okanbi and the grandson of Oduduwa.
Oranmiyan became the first Oba, meaning king or ruler with the title of Alaafin of Oyo.
The heart of metropolitan Oyo was its Capital at Oyo-Ile.
Factors Responsible for the Growth and Development of Oyo Empire
1. Centralized government
2. Powerful army led by Are Ana-kakanfo (War Lord/General)
3. Soil fertility and agricultural productivity
4. Great economic activities like artisans, artists, iron smith ,etc
5. Geographical location which favoured trade with Western Sudanese empires,
European at the coast and other surrounding communities.
Political Organization of Oyo Empire
1. Alaafin of Oyo (Monarch/Oba): Highly recognized authority and power and was
assisted by other personnel
2. Ilari: They were special palace messengers in old Oyo who were to supervise
different areas under them.
3. Aremo: He was the first son of Alaafin, who assisted the Alaafin in the
administration.
4. Oyo Mesi: Council of six or seven Chiefs/Kingmakers headed by Bashorun.
They acted as check on the excessive use of power of the Alaafin.the seletion
and enthronement of Alaafin rested in their domain.
5. Ogboni Society: This was a secret cult headed by Oluwo. They checked the
excessive use of power by the Oyo Mesi. They were made up of prominent
diviners.
6. Are-Ona Kankafo: He was the leader and commander of the armed forces of
Oyo Empire. He must win all wars or else he was expected to commit suicide.
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE COLLAPSE OF OYO EMPIRE
1. The large size of the empire

2. The loss of Egbado under the leadership of Lisabi affected the Oyo revenue
3. Intrigues and palace coups leading to loss of many Alaafin.
4. Rebellion by Vassal states declared their independence and this weaken Oyo
Empire
5. The Fulani Jihad leading to the loss of Ilorin. By 1835 and 1836, Oyo kingdom
collapsed.
PRESENTATION:
Empire
Kanem-Bornu Empire
the empire
STEP 5s: The teacher writes the content note on the board for the students to
1. Briefly explain the origin of Oyo kingdom

2. State four factors that led to the growth and development of Oyo Kingdom
3. State the political organization of Oyo kingdom
4. State the factors that led to the collapse of Oyo kingdom
ASSIGNMENT
1. State the origin of Benin Kingdom
2. State the political organization of Benin Kingdom
3. State the reasonss for the collapse of Benin Kingdom

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HISTORY JSS 1

THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK 2022/2023

2&3 Major Centralized states in Pre-colonial Nigeria: definition &

8&9 Major Centralized States: Oyo Empire & Benin Kimgdom

10 Major centralized states in Nigeria Coastal Zones, ie Niger Delta City:

DATE:24th –28th April/ 1st -5th, May, 2023.

DURATION: 80 Minutes (40 Minutes per period)

PERIOD: 1st & 2nd Periods

TOPIC: MAJOR CENTRALIZED STATES IN PRE-COLONIAL NIGERIA

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: A Map of Nigeria showing various centralized states in

1. Identify the location of centralized states on the map of Nigeria.

CONTENT: MAJOR CENTRALIZED STATES IN PRE-COLONIAL NIGERIA.

EVALUATION: The students are evaluated with the following questions:

1. Mention the locations of major centralized states in pre-colonial Nigeria on the

DATE: 8th – 12th May, 2023.

DURATION: 80 Minutes (40 Minutes per period)

PERIOD: 1st & 2nd Periods

TOPIC: MAJOR CENTRALIZED STATES IN PRE-COLONIAL NIGERIA

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: A Map of Nigeria showing various centralized states in

1. State the advantages of centralized states in pre-colonial Nigeria.

CONTENT: MAJOR CENTRALIZED STATES IN PRE-COLONIAL NIGERIA.

ADVANTAGES OF CENTRALIZED STATES IN PRE-COLONIAL NIGERIA

1.It promotes strong and powerful government

EVALUATION: The students are evaluated with the following questions:

3. Mention the locations of major centralized states in pre-colonial Nigeria on the

LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK FOUR & FIVE

DATE: 15th –19th /22nd – 26th May, 2023.

DURATION: 80 Minutes (40 Minutes per period)

PERIOD: 1st & 2nd Periods

TOPIC: CENTRALIZED STATES IN PRE-COLONIAL NIGERIA: HAUSA STATES

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: A Map of Nigeria showing various centralized states in

1. State the origin of Hausa States

CONTENT: HAUSA STATES

2. EMIRATE SYSTEM OR SOKOTO CALIPHATE

OTHER HIERARCHICAL OFFICIALS WHO WORKED WITH THE EMIRS

1. Waziri: Prime Minister

FACTORS THAT LED TO THE RISE OF HAUSA STATES

FACTORS THAT LED TO THE FALLMOF HAUSA STATES

EVALUATION: The students are evaluated with the following questions:

1. Explain the origin of Hausa States

DATE: 29th May - 2nd June,2023.

DURATION: 80 Minutes (40 Minutes per period)

PERIOD: 1st & 2nd Periods

TOPIC: KANEM-BORNU EMPIRE

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: A Map of Nigeria showing various centralized states in

1. State the origin of Kanem-Bornu Empire

EVALUATION: The students are evaluated with the following questions:

1. State the origin of Kanem-Bornu Empire

Major centralized states: Nupe, Jakuri, Igala, etc

LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK FIVE & SIX

DATE: 23rd – 27th / 30th May – 3rd June, 2022.

DURATION: 80 Minutes (40 Minutes per period)

PERIOD: 1st & 2nd Periods

TOPIC: KANEM-BORNU EMPIRE

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: A Map of Nigeria showing various centralized states in

1. Explain the Nupe

Political Organization of Nupe Kingdom

EVALUATION: The students are evaluated with the following questions:

3. State the origin of Kanem-Bornu Empire

ASSIGNMENT: State four major leaders under the Kanem-Bornu Empire

LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK EIGHT

DATE: 23rd – 27th / 30th May – 3rd June, 2022.

DURATION: 80 Minutes (40 Minutes per period)